Sample pretreatment device and method for food detection

Abstract

The invention relates to a sample pretreatment device and method for food detection. The sample pretreatment device for food detection comprises a base, the crushing box is arranged on the base, and a feeding opening is formed in the upper end of the crushing box; the rotating disc is rotatably connected to the base, a driving device is arranged on the base, the driving device is in driving connection with the rotating disc, a plurality of through holes are evenly formed in the rotating disc in the circumferential direction, and a funnel-shaped flexible gasket used for supporting and positioning fruits is arranged on the inner side of each through hole; the U-shaped support is arranged below the rotating disc, and a kernel removing hole for the kernel to penetrate through is formed in the U-shaped support; the punching needle is positioned right above the pitting hole, and the ejector pin is positioned right above the feeding hole; the pretreatment process of the fruit with the kernels is simplified, the pretreatment time of the fruit with the kernels is shortened, fruit sample oxidation can be effectively avoided, and the detection result is more representative.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of food detection, and particularly relates to a sample pretreatment device and method for food detection. Background Art

[0002] Food safety means that food is non-toxic, harmless, meets the due nutritional requirements, and does not cause any acute, sub-acute or chronic harm to the human body; ensuring food safety is of great significance for protecting the physical health and life safety of the people.

[0003] Food detection can promptly detect harmful substances in food, such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, excessive additives, etc., thereby preventing these harmful substances from causing harm to human health. It is crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Food detection also helps to promote the healthy development of the food industry. At the same time, the detection results can also provide directions for food enterprises to improve and optimize, and promote the improvement of food quality.

[0004] In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people have paid more and more attention to physical and mental health, making food safety issues a continuous focus of attention. Especially for fruits that people come into contact with every day in their daily lives, people pay more attention to their safety. However, during the pesticide detection process of fruits, the fruit cores have an impact on the food detection results. The components in the fruit cores may affect the food detection results, especially those fruit cores containing cyanide. For example, cherries, peaches, apricots, plums, etc. These fruit cores contain cyanogenic glycosides, and this substance will generate toxic hydrocyanic acid when the fruit cores are damaged. Although the content of cyanogenic glycosides in the fruit cores is low, it may be misjudged as the substance to be detected during the detection process, thus affecting the detection results. Therefore, when detecting pesticide residues in fruits, substances that have an impact on the components to be detected should be removed as much as possible to reduce interference with the detection results and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the detection. Most of the existing sample pretreatment devices for food detection crush fruits by directly crushing the whole fruit. For example, the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN115656164B discloses a pesticide residue crushing extraction detection device and its detection method, which directly crushes fruits through a crushing device. If such a device is used to directly crush pitted fruits, it will lead to inaccurate detection results and make the detection results unrepresentative. To obtain accurate detection results, the fruits need to be pitted first and then crushed for detection. For example, the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN111398536A discloses a fruit pesticide residue detection device, which adopts a pretreatment method of removing the cores and then transferring the pulp to a crushing device to crush and prepare the detection solution. Such a pretreatment method requires a special additional process of removing the cores, which is not only troublesome to operate but also prolongs the pretreatment time of the fruits and increases the oxidation probability of the fruit samples. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a sample pretreatment device and method for food detection, which solves the problems that the pretreatment process of pitted fruits is troublesome and the pretreatment time is long in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A sample pretreatment device for food detection, comprising:

[0007] A base;

[0008] A crushing box, the crushing box is arranged on the base, and a feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the crushing box;

[0009] A turntable, the turntable is rotatably connected to the base, a driving device is arranged on the base, the driving device is connected to the turntable, a plurality of through holes are evenly arranged on the circumference of the turntable, and a funnel-shaped flexible washer for supporting and positioning fruits is arranged inside each through hole. When the turntable stops rotating, one of the through holes is directly above the feed inlet;

[0010] A U-shaped support, the two side walls of the U-shaped support are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the turntable, a pit-removing hole is arranged on the U-shaped support, and when the turntable stops rotating, one of the through holes is directly above the pit-removing hole;

[0011] A punching needle and a thimble, the punching needle is located directly above the pit-removing hole, the thimble is located directly above the feed inlet, the punching needle is used to separate the fruit core from the pulp when the turntable stops rotating, and the thimble is used to push the pulp into the crushing box when the turntable stops rotating;

[0012] A lifting assembly, the lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the punching needle and the thimble, and the lifting assembly is used to drive the punching needle and the thimble to perform lifting movements when the turntable stops rotating.

[0013] Preferably, a pressure-receiving member horizontally penetrating the feed inlet is elastically connected to the crushing box, the pressure-receiving member is fixedly connected to a rack, the rack meshes with a gear rotatably connected to the crushing box, the gear is coaxially provided with a driving bevel gear, and a crushing device is rotatably connected to the inside of the crushing box, and the crushing device is coaxially provided with a driven bevel gear meshing with the driving bevel gear.

[0014] Preferably, the pressure-receiving member includes an installation ring located inside the feed inlet, a plurality of guide plates vertically slidably connected to the feed inlet are arranged on the outer side wall of the installation ring, the rack is fixedly connected to one of the guide plates, and a plurality of split knives are arranged on the inner side wall of the installation ring.

[0015] Preferably, the punch needle is a cylindrical structure with an open lower end and a closed upper end, a push block is vertically slidably connected inside the punch needle, and an elastic member is provided between the push block and the inner top wall of the punch needle.

[0016] Preferably, the driving device includes a driving part arranged on a base and a driven wheel arranged coaxially with the turntable, an eccentric rod is arranged at the output end of the driving part, a driving pin is arranged at the end of the eccentric rod, and a plurality of driving grooves matching the driving pin are arranged on the edge of the driven wheel.

[0017] Preferably, a locking arc is provided at the output end of the driving part, and a plurality of locking grooves matching the locking arc are arranged on the edge of the driven wheel.

[0018] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a support frame arranged on the base and a connecting rod connected to the punch needle and the ejector pin at the same time, the support frame is rotatably connected to a columnar member, an annular cam groove is provided on the outer wall of the columnar member, one end of the connecting rod is slidably connected to the inside of the annular cam groove, the columnar member is coaxially provided with a driven pulley, the output end of the driving part is provided with a driving pulley, and a belt is connected between the driving pulley and the driven pulley.

[0019] Preferably, a guide groove is provided on the support frame, and a sliding block fixedly connected to the connecting rod is vertically slidably connected inside the guide groove.

[0020] Preferably, the columnar member is coaxially provided with a driving spur gear, the connecting rod is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft, a plurality of key plates are arranged on the rotating shaft, the support frame is rotatably connected with a shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve is provided with a driven spur gear meshing with the driving spur gear, a key groove matched with the key plate is opened on the inner wall of the shaft sleeve, and the lower end of the rotating shaft passes through the shaft sleeve and is fixedly connected to the punch needle.

[0021] The food detection pretreatment method of the present invention adopts the following steps:

[0022] S1: The driving device drives the turntable to rotate intermittently. The lifting assembly drives the punch pin and the ejector pin to do lifting and lowering movements, while driving the active spur gear to rotate. The active spur gear drives the shaft sleeve to rotate through the driven spur gear. The keyway on the inner side of the shaft sleeve drives the shaft to rotate through the key plate, and the shaft drives the punch pin to rotate.

[0023] S2: The fruit placed on the funnel-shaped flexible gasket rotates intermittently with the turntable, and the fruit rotates under the punching needle. The punching needle removes the core of the fruit, and the core falls from the core removal hole, leaving the flesh;

[0024] S3: The pulp rotates to the bottom of the ejector pin, and the ejector pin presses the pulp into the feed inlet, where the pulp entering the feed inlet is cut into small pieces by the splitting knife;

[0025] S4: Small pieces of pulp fall into the crushing box for crushing.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with a base, a crushing device, a crushing box, a feed inlet, a turntable, a driving device, a through hole, a funnel-shaped flexible washer, a U-shaped support, a pit-removing hole, a punch pin, a thimble and a lifting assembly. The driving device drives the turntable to rotate intermittently, and the lifting assembly drives the punch pin and the thimble to move up and down. During the rotation gap of the turntable, the punch pin and the thimble synchronously descend and then ascend. When the pitted fruit placed on the funnel-shaped flexible washer rotates to below the punch pin, the U-shaped support supports the fruit, the punch pin vertically penetrates the fruit to eject the fruit pit, and the fruit pit falls from the pit-removing hole, and the pulp remains on the funnel-shaped flexible washer and continues to rotate intermittently with the turntable. When it rotates to below the thimble, the thimble presses the pulp downward, and the funnel-shaped flexible washer is deformed by the lateral extrusion of the pulp. After the pulp passes through the funnel-shaped flexible washer, it directly enters the crushing box through the feed inlet and is crushed in the crushing box. The pretreatment process of pitted fruits is simplified, the pretreatment time of pitted fruits is reduced, the oxidation of fruit samples can be effectively avoided, the detection result error can be prevented, and the detection result is more representative. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic main sectional view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the turntable of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the feed inlet of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic structure diagram of the driving device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the driven spur gear of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the rotating shaft of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic main sectional view structure diagram of the punch pin of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1, base; 2, turntable; 3, through hole; 4, funnel-shaped flexible washer; 5, crushing box; 6, feed inlet; 7, punch pin; 8, ejector pin; 9, U-shaped support; 10, pit removal hole; 11, splitting knife; 12, guide plate; 13, drive part; 14, driven wheel; 15, eccentric rod; 16, drive pin; 17, drive groove; 18, locking arc; 19, locking groove; 20, connecting rod; 21, support frame; 22, driving pulley; 23, driven pulley; 24, belt; 25, columnar part; 26, annular cam groove; 27, guide groove; 28, slider; 29, driving spur gear; 30, rotating shaft; 31, key plate; 32, bushing; 33, driven spur gear; 34, keyway; 35, separating knife; 36, water storage container; 37, nozzle; 38, water pump; 39, water pipe; 40, valve body; 41, valve core; 42, valve stem; 43, tension spring; 44, cam; 45, filter screen; 46, mounting ring; 47, crushing shaft; 48, crushing knife; 49, discharge pipe; 50, rack; 51, gear; 52, driving bevel gear; 53, driven bevel gear; 54, pushing block; 55, elastic part. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0036] As Figures 1 to 7 shown, a sample pretreatment device for food detection includes:

[0037] Base 1;

[0038] Crushing box 5, the crushing box 5 is arranged on the base 1, and a feed inlet 6 is arranged at the upper end of the crushing box 5;

[0039] Turntable 2, the turntable 2 is rotatably connected to the base 1, a driving device is arranged on the base 1, the driving device is connected to the turntable 2, a plurality of through holes 3 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the turntable 2, and a funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 for supporting and positioning fruits is arranged inside each through hole 3. When the turntable 2 stops rotating, one of the through holes 3 is directly above the feed inlet 6;

[0040] U-shaped support 9, the two side walls of the U-shaped support 9 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the turntable 2, a pit-removing hole 10 is provided on the U-shaped support 9, and when the turntable 2 stops rotating, one of the through holes 3 is directly above the pit-removing hole 10;

[0041] Punching needle 7 and ejector pin 8, the punching needle 7 is directly above the pit-removing hole 10, the ejector pin 8 is directly above the feeding port 6, the punching needle 7 is used to separate the fruit pit from the pulp when the turntable 2 stops rotating, and the ejector pin 8 is used to push the pulp into the pulverizing box 5 when the turntable 2 stops rotating;

[0042] Lifting assembly, the lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8, and the lifting assembly is used to drive the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8 to perform lifting movements when the turntable 2 stops rotating.

[0043] A discharge pipe 49 with a discharge valve is provided at the lower end of the pulverizing box 5.

[0044] The funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 is made of silica gel or rubber, has good elastic deformation performance, the inner diameter of the pit-removing hole 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole 3 and larger than the inner diameter of the lower part of the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4, which is convenient for the fruit pit to pass through the pit-removing hole 10 and can support the pulp, facilitating the punching needle 7 to separate the pulp from the fruit pit.

[0045] During specific use, the driving device drives the turntable 2 to rotate intermittently, the lifting assembly drives the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8 to perform lifting movements. During the rotation interval of the turntable 2, the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8 synchronously descend and then ascend. When the pitted fruit placed on the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 rotates to below the punching needle 7, the U-shaped support supports the fruit, the punching needle 7 vertically penetrates the fruit to eject the fruit pit, the fruit pit falls from the pit-removing hole 10, and the pulp remains on the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 and continues to rotate intermittently with the turntable 2. When it rotates to below the ejector pin 8, the ejector pin 8 presses the pulp downward, the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 is deformed by the lateral extrusion of the pulp, and the pulp passes through the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 and directly enters the pulverizing box 5 through the feeding port, where it is pulverized. After pulverization, the discharge valve is opened, and the pulp juice is discharged from the discharge pipe for pesticide component detection.

[0046] In order to achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, a pressure-receiving member horizontally penetrating the feeding port 6 is elastically connected to the pulverizing box 5, the pressure-receiving member is fixedly connected to a rack 50, the rack 50 meshes with a gear 51 rotatably connected to the pulverizing box 5, the gear 51 is coaxially provided with a driving bevel gear 52, and a pulverizing device is rotatably connected inside the pulverizing box 5, and the pulverizing device is coaxially provided with a driven bevel gear 53 meshing with the driving bevel gear 52.

[0047] Specifically, a spring is provided between the crushing box 5 and the pressure-receiving member. After the thimble 8 squeezes the pulp out of the funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4 and continues to descend to squeeze the pressure-receiving member downward, the pressure-receiving member compresses the spring and drives the rack 50 to move downward. The rack 50 drives the gear 51 to rotate. The gear 51 drives the driven bevel gear 53 to rotate through the driving bevel gear 52. The driven bevel gear 53 drives the crushing device to rotate to crush the pulp falling into the interior of the crushing box 5. During the ascending and resetting process of the thimble 8, under the action of the elastic potential energy of the spring, the rack 50 ascends, and the crushing device rotates in the reverse direction to crush the pulp again, which is beneficial to simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, reducing the pretreatment time of pitted fruits, effectively avoiding the oxidation of fruit samples, preventing errors in detection results, and making the detection results more representative.

[0048] To achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, the pressure-receiving member includes a mounting ring 46 located inside the feed port 6. A plurality of guide plates 12 vertically slidably connected to the feed port 6 are arranged on the outer side wall of the mounting ring 46. The rack 50 is fixedly connected to one of the guide plates 12. A plurality of split knives 11 are provided on the inner side wall of the mounting ring 46.

[0049] Specifically, the pulp entering the feed port 6 is cut into multiple pieces by the split knives 11 under the squeezing action of the thimble 8. The cut pulp falls into the interior of the crushing box 5 for crushing, which is beneficial to simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, improving the subsequent crushing efficiency, reducing the crushing time, avoiding the oxidation of detected components, and making the sample more representative.

[0050] To achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, the punch pin 7 is a cylindrical structure with an open lower end and a closed upper end. A push block 54 is vertically slidably connected inside the punch pin 7. An elastic member 55 is provided between the push block 54 and the inner top wall of the punch pin 7. The elastic member 55 is a spring or a metal elastic sheet.

[0051] Specifically, the cylindrical punch pin 7 can reduce the contact area with the fruit, concentrate the stress, avoid the damage of the pulp under pressure, keep the pulp intact, and during the process of removing the pit, the fruit pit squeezes the elastic member 55 through the push block 54. At the moment when the punch pin 7 penetrates the pulp, the pressure on the elastic member 55 disappears, and the fruit pit is pushed out by the push block 54 under the action of the elastic potential energy of the elastic member 55.

[0052] In order to achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, the driving device includes a driving part 13 arranged on the base 1 and a driven wheel 14 coaxially arranged with the turntable 2. The driving part 13 is a motor, an eccentric rod 15 is arranged at the output end of the driving part 13, a driving pin 16 is arranged at the end of the eccentric rod 15, a number of driving grooves 17 adapted to the driving pin 16 are arranged on the edge of the driven wheel 14, a locking arc 18 is arranged at the output end of the driving part 13, and a number of locking grooves 19 adapted to the locking arc 18 are arranged on the edge of the driven wheel 14.

[0053] Specifically, when the driving part 13 works to drive the eccentric rod 15 and the locking arc 18 to rotate, when the driving pin 16 on the eccentric rod 15 is inserted into the driving groove 17, the driven wheel 14 is driven to rotate once, so that the turntable 2 rotates intermittently once for a station conversion. When the driving pin 16 on the eccentric rod 15 is separated from the driving groove 17, the locking arc 18 is inserted into the locking groove 19 to prevent the driven wheel 14 from rotating inertially, realizing the precise positioning of the turntable 2.

[0054] In order to achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, the lifting assembly includes a support frame 21 arranged on the base 1 and a connecting rod 20 connected to both the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8 at the same time. A columnar member 25 is rotatably connected to the support frame 21, an annular cam groove 26 is formed on the outer side wall of the columnar member 25, one end of the connecting rod 20 is slidably connected inside the annular cam groove 26, a driven pulley 23 is coaxially arranged with the columnar member 25, a driving pulley 22 is arranged at the output end of the driving part 13, and a belt 24 is connected between the driving pulley 22 and the driven pulley 23 in a transmission manner. A guide groove 27 is arranged on the support frame 21, and a slider 28 fixedly connected to the connecting rod 20 is vertically slidably connected inside the guide groove 27.

[0055] Specifically, when the driving part 13 works to drive the driving pulley 22 to rotate synchronously, the driving pulley 22 drives the driven pulley 23 to rotate through the belt 24, the driven pulley 23 drives the columnar member 25 to rotate. Under the guiding action of the guide groove 27, the annular cam groove 26 on the columnar member 25 drives the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8 to lift and lower synchronously through the connecting rod 20, realizing fruit pit removal and making the pulp enter the feeding port 6.

[0056] In order to achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, a driving spur gear 29 is coaxially arranged with the columnar member 25, a rotating shaft 30 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 20, a number of key plates 31 are arranged on the rotating shaft 30, a bushing 32 is rotatably connected to the support frame 21, a driven spur gear 33 meshing with the driving spur gear 29 is arranged on the bushing 32, a key groove 34 adapted to the key plate 31 is formed on the inner wall of the bushing 32, and the lower end of the rotating shaft 30 passes through the bushing 32 and is fixedly connected to the punching needle 7.

[0057] Specifically, the driving spur gear 29 rotates synchronously with the columnar member 25. During the rotation of the driving spur gear 29, the driven spur gear 33 drives the sleeve 32 to rotate synchronously. The keyway 34 on the inner side wall of the sleeve 32 drives the rotating shaft 30 to rotate synchronously through the key plate 31, so that the rotating shaft 30 drives the punching needle 7 to perform a combined motion of lifting and rotating, which is suitable for removing the fruit cores of large fruits such as apples and pears. The rotating punching needle 7 also helps to prevent the pulp after core removal from getting stuck on the punching needle 7 and will not affect the subsequent core removal of fruits.

[0058] In order to achieve the purpose of simplifying the pretreatment process of pitted fruits, preferably, a separating knife 35 is provided on the side wall of the punching needle 7.

[0059] Specifically, the separating knife 35 moves up and down and rotates with the punching needle 7 during the core removal process, forming an annular incision at the connection between the pulp and the fruit core, preventing the pulp from getting stuck on the punching needle 7, and at the same time being able to scrape off some of the fruit cores that are not completely processed by the punching needle 7, avoiding the mixing of fruit core components in the pulp, making the fruit core removal more complete and making the sample more representative.

[0060] Preferably, it further includes a water storage container 36. The water outlet end of the water storage container 36 is connected to a water pump 38, and the water outlet end of the water pump 38 is connected to a spray head 37 with a spraying direction facing the punching needle 7. The water storage container 36 is used to store purified water that has been disinfected and sterilized and does not contain harmful substances, and will not affect the fruit components.

[0061] Specifically, during the fruit core removal process, the water pump 38 transports the purified water in the water storage container 36 to the spray head 37, and the purified water sprayed by the spray head 37 flushes the punching needle 7, the separating knife 35 and the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4, which can not only prevent the pulverized pulp and fruit cores from sticking to the punching needle 7, the separating knife 35 and the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4, but also avoid the pulverized fruit core components from sticking to the pulp and mixing in the pulp, making the sample more representative.

[0062] Preferably, the spray head 37 is connected to the water storage container 36 through a water pipe 39. The water pump 38 is arranged on the water pipe 39. A valve body 40 fixedly connected to the support frame 21 is arranged on the water pipe 39. A valve core 41 is horizontally slidably connected inside the valve body 40. A valve rod 42 extending out of the valve body 40 is arranged on the valve core 41. A tension spring 43 is sleeved on the valve rod 42. A cam 44 is coaxially arranged with the columnar member 25. The valve rod 42 is in close contact with the cam surface of the cam 44 under the pulling force of the tension spring 43.

[0063] Specifically, the rotating cam 44 intermittently presses the valve core 41 through the valve rod 42, causing the valve core 41 to block the water pipe 39, and then reset under the pulling force of the tension spring 43, and the water pipe 39 is connected. The intermittently on-off water pipe 39 can intermittently transport purified water to the spray head 37, and only flushes when the punching needle 7 is separated from the pulp, which not only ensures the flushing effect but also saves water resources.

[0064] Preferably, a filter screen 45 is provided inside the crushing box 5 , and the crushing device includes a crushing shaft 47 rotatably connected to the inside of the crushing box 5 , and the upper end of the crushing shaft 47 passes through the filter screen 45 and is provided with a crushing knife 48 .

[0065] Specifically, the crushing blade 48 is driven to rotate by the crushing shaft 47 to crush the block fruit falling into the crushing box 5, and the fruit juice passes through the filter 45 and falls on the lower part of the crushing box 5, so that after the discharge valve on the discharge pipe 49 is opened, the fruit juice flows out of the crushing box 5 for pesticide residue detection.

[0066] The food detection pretreatment method of the present invention adopts the following steps:

[0067] S1: The driving device drives the turntable 2 to rotate intermittently, and the lifting assembly drives the punch pin 7 and the ejector pin 8 to do lifting and lowering movements, while driving the active spur gear 29 to rotate. The active spur gear 29 drives the shaft sleeve 32 to rotate through the driven spur gear 33. The key slot 34 on the inner side of the shaft sleeve 32 drives the rotating shaft 30 to rotate through the key plate 31, and the rotating shaft 30 drives the punch pin 7 to rotate;

[0068] S2: The fruit placed on the funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4 rotates intermittently with the turntable 2, and the fruit rotates to below the punching needle 7, and the punching needle 7 removes the core of the fruit, and the core falls from the core removal hole 10, leaving the flesh;

[0069] S3: The pulp rotates to below the ejector pin 8, and the ejector pin 8 presses the pulp into the feed port 6. The pulp entering the feed port 6 is divided into small pieces by the segmentation knife 11;

[0070] S4: Small pieces of pulp fall into the crushing box 5 and are crushed.

[0071] When the present invention is in use: The driving part 13 operates to drive the eccentric rod 15, the locking arc 18 and the driving pulley 22 to rotate. When the driving pin 16 on the eccentric rod 15 is inserted into the driving groove 17, the driven wheel 14 is driven to rotate once, causing the turntable 2 to intermittently rotate once and perform a station conversion. When the driving pin 16 on the eccentric rod 15 disengages from the driving groove 17, the locking arc 18 is inserted into the locking groove 19 to prevent the driven wheel 14 from rotating inertia, realizing the precise positioning of the turntable 2. The driving pulley 22 drives the driven pulley 23 to rotate through the belt 24, and the driven pulley 23 drives the columnar member 25, the driving spur gear 29 and the cam 44 to rotate. Under the guiding action of the guiding groove 27, the annular cam groove 26 on the columnar member 25 drives the punching needle 7 and the ejector pin 8 to lift and lower synchronously through the connecting rod 20. During the rotation of the driving spur gear 29, the driven spur gear 33 drives the sleeve 32 to rotate synchronously. The key groove 34 on the inner side wall of the sleeve 32 drives the rotating shaft 30 to rotate synchronously through the key plate 31, so that the rotating shaft 30 drives the punching needle 7 to perform a combined movement of lifting and rotating. The pitted fruits to be pretreated are placed on each funnel-shaped flexible washer 4. When the pitted fruit rotates to the lower part of the punching needle 7, the U-shaped support 9 supports the fruit, and the punching needle 7 vertically penetrates the fruit to eject the fruit core. The fruit core falls from the de-pitting hole 10. The rotating cam 44 intermittently presses the valve core 41 through the valve rod 42, causing the valve core 41 to block the water pipe 39, and then reset under the pulling force of the tension spring 43. The water pipe 39 is connected, and the intermittently on-off water pipe 39 conveys pure water to the spray head 37 when the punching needle 7 disengages from the pulp. The pure water sprays out from the spray head 37 to wash the punching needle 7, the separating knife 35 and the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4. The pulp remains on the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 and continues to rotate intermittently with the turntable 2. When it rotates to the lower part of the ejector pin 8, the ejector pin 8 presses the pulp downward, and the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 is deformed by the lateral extrusion of the pulp. The pulp passes through the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4 and enters the feeding port 6. After the ejector pin 8 extrudes the pulp from the funnel-shaped flexible washer 4, it continues to descend and presses the pressed part downward. The pressed part compresses the spring and drives the rack 50 to move downward. The rack 50 drives the gear 51 to rotate. The gear 51 drives the driven bevel gear 53 to rotate through the driving bevel gear 52. The driven bevel gear 53 drives the crushing knife 48 to rotate to crush the pulp falling into the crushing box 5. When the ejector pin 8 descends to the limit position, the pulp comes into rigid contact with the splitting knife 11 and is cut into pieces by the splitting knife 11. The piece-shaped pulp falls into the crushing box 5. Subsequently, the ejector pin 8 rises. Under the elastic potential energy of the spring, the pressed part rises, and the crushing knife 48 rotates in the reverse direction to crush the pulp in the crushing box 5 again. After the treatment is completed, the fruit juice passes through the filter screen 45 and falls on the lower part of the crushing box 5. After opening the valve on the discharge pipe 49, sampling and testing can be directly carried out.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with a base 1, a crushing device, a crushing box 5, a feeding port 6, a turntable 2, a driving device, a through hole 3, a funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4, a U-shaped support 9, a pit-removing hole 10, a punch pin 7, a thimble 8 and a lifting assembly. The driving device drives the turntable 2 to rotate intermittently, and the lifting assembly drives the punch pin 7 and the thimble 8 to move up and down. During the rotation gap of the turntable 2, the punch pin 7 and the thimble 8 synchronously descend and then ascend. When the pitted fruit placed on the funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4 rotates to the lower part of the punch pin 7, the U-shaped support supports the fruit. The punch pin 7 vertically penetrates the fruit to separate the fruit pit from the pulp. The pushing block 54 pushes out the fruit pit, and the fruit pit drops from the pit-removing hole 10. The pulp remains on the funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4 and continues to rotate intermittently with the turntable 2. When it rotates to the lower part of the thimble 8, the thimble 8 presses the pulp downward, and the funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4 is deformed by the lateral extrusion of the pulp. The pulp passes through the funnel-shaped flexible gasket 4 and directly enters the crushing box 5 through the feeding port, and is crushed in the crushing box 5. The pretreatment process of the pitted fruit is simplified, the pretreatment time of the pitted fruit is reduced, the oxidation of the fruit sample can be effectively avoided, the detection result error can be prevented, and the detection result is more representative.

[0073] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sample pretreatment device for food testing, characterized in that: include: Base (1); A crushing box (5), the crushing box (5) being arranged on the base (1), and a feed opening (6) being arranged at the upper end of the crushing box (5); A turntable (2), the turntable (2) being rotatably connected to a base (1), the base (1) being provided with a driving device, the driving device being connected to the turntable (2), a plurality of through holes (3) being evenly arranged on the circumference of the turntable (2), each of the through holes (3) being provided with a funnel-shaped flexible gasket (4) for supporting and positioning the fruit on the inner side, and when the turntable (2) stops rotating, one of the through holes (3) is located directly above the feed port (6); A U-shaped support (9), wherein two side walls of the U-shaped support (9) are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the rotating disk (2), and a core removal hole (10) is provided on the U-shaped support (9). When the rotating disk (2) stops rotating, one of the through holes (3) is located directly above the core removal hole (10); A punching needle (7) and an ejector pin (8), wherein the punching needle (7) is located directly above the core removal hole (10), and the ejector pin (8) is located directly above the feed port (6). The punching needle (7) is used to separate the core from the pulp when the rotating disk (2) stops rotating, and the ejector pin (8) is used to push the pulp into the crushing box (5) when the rotating disk (2) stops rotating; A lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the punching needle (7) and the ejector pin (8), and is used to drive the punching needle (7) and the ejector pin (8) to perform lifting motion when the rotating disk (2) stops rotating.

2. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing box (5) is elastically connected to a pressure-bearing member that horizontally penetrates the feed port (6), and the pressure-bearing member is fixedly connected to a rack (50), and the rack (50) is meshed with a gear (51) that is rotatably connected to the crushing box (5), and the gear (51) is coaxially provided with a driving bevel gear (52), and the crushing box (5) is rotatably connected to a crushing device inside, and the crushing device is coaxially provided with a driven bevel gear (53) that is meshed with the driving bevel gear (52).

3. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure-bearing member comprises a mounting ring (46) located inside the feed port (6), a plurality of guide plates (12) vertically slidably connected to the feed port (6) are arranged on the outer wall of the mounting ring (46), the rack (50) is fixedly connected to one of the guide plates (12), and a plurality of splitting knives (11) are arranged on the inner wall of the mounting ring (46).

4. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The punching needle (7) is a cylindrical structure with an open lower end and a closed upper end. A push block (54) is vertically slidably connected inside the punching needle (7). An elastic member (55) is provided between the push block (54) and the inner top wall of the punching needle (7).

5. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device comprises a driving portion (13) arranged on a base (1) and a driven wheel (14) arranged coaxially with the turntable (2); an eccentric rod (15) is arranged at the output end of the driving portion (13); a driving pin (16) is arranged at the end of the eccentric rod (15); and a plurality of driving grooves (17) adapted to the driving pin (16) are arranged at the edge of the driven wheel (14).

6. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The output end of the driving part (13) is provided with a locking arc (18), and the edge of the driven wheel (14) is provided with a plurality of locking grooves (19) adapted to the locking arc (18).

7. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting assembly comprises a support frame (21) arranged on a base (1) and a connecting rod (20) connected to both the punching needle (7) and the ejector pin (8); a columnar member (25) is rotatably connected to the support frame (21); an annular cam groove (26) is provided on the outer wall of the columnar member (25); one end of the connecting rod (20) is slidably connected to the inside of the annular cam groove (26); a driven pulley (23) is coaxially arranged on the columnar member (25); a driving pulley (22) is arranged at the output end of the driving part (13); a belt (24) is connected between the driving pulley (22) and the driven pulley (23) for transmission.

8. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support frame (21) is provided with a guide groove (27), and a sliding block (28) fixedly connected to the connecting rod (20) is vertically slidably connected inside the guide groove (27).

9. The sample pretreatment device for food testing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The columnar member (25) is coaxially provided with a driving spur gear (29); the connecting rod (20) is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (30); a plurality of key plates (31) are arranged on the rotating shaft (30); a shaft sleeve (32) is rotatably connected with the support frame (21); a driven spur gear (33) meshing with the driving spur gear (29) is arranged on the shaft sleeve (32); a key groove (34) adapted to the key plate (31) is provided on the inner wall of the shaft sleeve (32); the lower end of the rotating shaft (30) passes through the shaft sleeve (32) and is fixedly connected to the punching needle (7).

10. A method for preprocessing a sample for food testing, using the device for preprocessing a sample for food testing according to claim 9 for preprocessing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The driving device drives the turntable (2) to rotate intermittently, and the lifting assembly drives the punching pin (7) and the ejector pin (8) to perform lifting and lowering movements, while driving the active spur gear (29) to rotate. The active spur gear (29) drives the shaft sleeve (32) to rotate through the driven spur gear (33). The keyway (34) on the inner side of the shaft sleeve (32) drives the rotating shaft (30) to rotate through the key plate (31), and the rotating shaft (30) drives the punching pin (7) to rotate. S2: The fruit placed on the funnel-shaped flexible gasket (4) rotates intermittently with the turntable (2), and the fruit rotates to the bottom of the punching needle (7). The punching needle (7) removes the core of the fruit, and the core falls from the core removal hole (10), leaving the flesh; S3: the fruit pulp rotates to below the ejector pin (8), the ejector pin (8) presses the fruit pulp into the feed inlet (6), and the fruit pulp entering the feed inlet (6) is divided into small pieces by the segmentation knife (11); S4: Small pieces of pulp fall into the crushing box (5) and are crushed.

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