Simulation device and method for water quality formation and evolution of coal mine water

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine water quality formation and evolution. A coal mine water quality formation and evolution simulation device comprises a constant temperature control box used for controlling the temperature in the constant temperature control box to be in a constant temperature state; the spraying end of the spraying device is arranged in the constant-temperature control box, and the spraying device is used for spraying water into the constant-temperature control box; the hydrological structure layer is arranged below the spraying end of the spraying device, so that the spraying end sprays liquid, and the liquid is absorbed by the hydrological structure layer; the coal measure stratum is arranged on the lower end face of the hydrological structure layer and used for simulating an actual coal mine; the first water-resisting layer is arranged on the lower end face of the coal measure strata and used for isolating the coal measure strata; the rock stratum is arranged on the lower end face of the first water-resisting layer and used for simulating a rock caving area in the coal mining process; the water flowing fractured zone extends to the first water-resisting layer from the hydrological structure layer and is used for simulating fractures in the stratum; and a monitoring section of the multi-index monitoring system is arranged at a water outlet of the caving rock zone and is used for monitoring water quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality, and particularly relates to a simulation device and method for the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality. Background Art

[0002] The exploitation of coal resources has had a profound impact on the environment, especially the negative impact on water resources and the water ecosystem. Unreasonable mineral development models have led to the attenuation of water resources and the degradation of the water ecosystem, and these environmental problems pose a serious threat to the sustainable development of mining areas. During the coal mining process, the chemical characteristics of mine water will undergo significant changes, which may include fluctuations in pH value, changes in ion concentration, reduction in dissolved oxygen content, etc. These factors together determine the characteristics and biological toxicity of water quality.

[0003] In order to achieve the effective utilization of mine water resources and the protection of the ecological environment in mining areas, it is necessary to conduct detailed monitoring and analysis of the water quality of mine water.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simulation device and method for the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality to solve the monitoring and analysis of the changes in the chemical characteristics of mine water during the coal mining process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a simulation device and method for the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality in view of the above technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a simulation device for the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality, including:

[0007] A constant temperature control box for controlling the temperature inside it to be in a constant temperature state;

[0008] A spraying device, the spraying end of which is arranged inside the constant temperature control box for spraying into the constant temperature control box;

[0009] A hydrogeological structure layer arranged below the spraying end of the spraying device so that the liquid sprayed from the spraying end is absorbed by the hydrogeological structure layer;

[0010] A coal measure strata arranged on the lower end surface of the hydrogeological structure layer for simulating an actual coal mine;

[0011] A first aquiclude arranged on the lower end surface of the coal measure strata for isolating the coal measure strata;

[0012] A rock strata arranged on the lower end surface of the first aquiclude for simulating the rock caving area during the coal mine exploitation process;

[0013] The water-conducting fissure zone extends from the hydrogeological structure layer to the first water-resistant layer and is used to simulate the fissures in the strata;

[0014] The multi-index monitoring system has the monitoring section arranged at the water outlet of the caving rock zone and is used to monitor the water quality.

[0015] In some implementable ways, the spraying device includes:

[0016] A peristaltic pump, which is used to provide a power source;

[0017] A first water pipe, which is connected to the water outlet end of the peristaltic pump and is used to convey the water pumped by the peristaltic pump to the top of the constant temperature control box;

[0018] A first water outlet pipe, which is arranged at one end of the first water pipe far from the peristaltic pump to form the spraying end and is used to spray the water in the first water pipe onto the hydrogeological structure layer.

[0019] In some implementable ways, the spraying device further includes:

[0020] A second water pipe, which is connected to the water outlet end of the peristaltic pump and is used to convey the water pumped by the peristaltic pump to the side inside the constant temperature control box;

[0021] A second water outlet pipe, which is arranged at one end of the second water pipe far from the peristaltic pump and is used to spray the water in the second water pipe onto the water inlet of the side of the hydrogeological structure layer, the coal-bearing strata and the rock strata.

[0022] In some implementable ways, the hydrogeological structure layer includes:

[0023] An inlet cover plate, which is arranged below the spraying end and is used to receive the water sprayed by the spraying end and adjust the water volume flowing downward;

[0024] An aquifer, which is arranged below the inlet cover plate and is used to simulate the groundwater aquifer and study the interaction between water and the strata;

[0025] A second water-resistant layer, which is arranged between the aquifer and the coal-bearing strata and is used to isolate different water layers or strata and prevent cross-contamination of water.

[0026] In some implementable ways, the coal-bearing strata include:

[0027] A coal seam roof, which is arranged below the hydrogeological structure layer and is used to simulate the top of the coal seam in a coal mine and study the geological structure above the coal seam;

[0028] A coal seam, which is arranged between the coal seam roof and the first water-resistant layer and is used to simulate the coal seam in an actual coal mine and study the interaction between the coal seam and water.

[0029] In some implementable ways, the rock formation includes:

[0030] A rock roof, arranged below the first water-resisting layer, for simulating that the rock roof provides support for the coal seam before coal seam mining;

[0031] A pressure sensor, arranged below the rock roof, for monitoring the pressure change of the rock roof above it;

[0032] A caving rock zone, arranged below the pressure sensor, for simulating rock caving.

[0033] In some implementable ways, the multi-index monitoring system includes:

[0034] An impurity filter, connected to the caving rock zone through a monitoring pipeline, for filtering impurities in the water flowing out through the caving rock zone;

[0035] A pH-EC on-line monitor, connected to the outlet of the impurity filter, for measuring the pH value and conductivity of the water after passing through the impurity filter;

[0036] A multi-parameter ion on-line monitor, connected to the outlet of the pH-EC on-line monitor, for monitoring various ions in the water after passing through the pH-EC on-line monitor;

[0037] A total hardness on-line monitor, connected to the outlet of the multi-parameter ion on-line monitor, for monitoring the hardness of the water after passing through the multi-parameter ion on-line monitor.

[0038] In some implementable ways, the impurity filter is also connected to the hydrogeological structure layer and the rock roof respectively through a monitoring pipeline, for filtering impurities in the water flowing out through the hydrogeological structure layer and the rock roof respectively.

[0039] In some implementable ways, an air circulation system is further included;

[0040] The air circulation system, connected to the caving rock zone, for circulating the air in the caving rock zone to simulate the air flow in the mine;

[0041] The air circulation system includes:

[0042] An air extraction pump, one end of which is connected to the caving rock zone through an air extraction pipeline and the other end is connected to an air extraction pipe, for discharging the air in the caving rock zone through the air extraction pipe;

[0043] A ventilation fan, connected to the air extraction pipeline through a ventilation pipeline, for ventilating the caving rock zone through the air extraction pipeline;

[0044] A controllable cover plate is arranged at the connection position between the exhaust pipeline and the ventilation pipeline for adjusting the ventilation volume.

[0045] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water, and the method includes:

[0046] Using a multi-index detection system to monitor the water quality of coal mine shaft water in a simulation device to obtain multiple types of water quality parameters;

[0047] Determine the source of ions according to the charge balance of ions in multiple types of the water quality parameters;

[0048] Determine the mutual relationship between ions according to the ion correlation in multiple types of the water quality parameters;

[0049] Determine the precipitation or dissolution trend of ions according to the saturation index in multiple types of the water quality parameters;

[0050] Determine the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water according to the source of the ions, the precipitation or dissolution trend of the ions, and the mutual relationship between the ions.

[0051] Beneficial effects: The present application provides a simulation device for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water, including a constant temperature control box for keeping the temperature inside it at a constant temperature; a spraying device, the spraying end of which is arranged inside the constant temperature control box for spraying into the constant temperature control box; a hydrogeological structure layer arranged below the spraying end of the spraying device so that the liquid sprayed by the spraying end is absorbed by the hydrogeological structure layer; a coal measure strata arranged on the lower end surface of the hydrogeological structure layer for simulating an actual coal mine; a first water isolation layer arranged on the lower end surface of the coal measure strata for isolating the coal measure strata; a caving rock zone arranged on the lower end surface of the first water isolation layer for simulating the possible rock caving area during coal mine mining; a water-conducting fissure zone extending from the hydrogeological structure layer to the first water isolation layer for simulating the fissures in the strata; a multi-index monitoring system, the monitoring section of which is arranged at the water outlet of the caving rock zone for monitoring the water quality. Through the above structure, the process of the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water is reproduced, providing a basis for analysis. Description of the Drawings

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a device for simulating the formation and evolution of water quality in a coal mine in one embodiment;

[0054] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a multi-index real-time monitoring system of a device for simulating the formation and evolution of water quality in a coal mine in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an air circulation system of a device for simulating the formation and evolution of water quality in a coal mine according to an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for forming and evolving water quality in a coal mine in one embodiment. Reference numerals:

[0057] 1. Constant temperature control box; 2. First waterproof layer; 3. Water-conducting fracture zone; 4. Peristaltic water pump; 5. First water pipe; 6. First water outlet pipe; 7. Second water pipe; 8. Second water outlet pipe; 9. Water inlet cover plate; 10. Aquifer; 11. Second waterproof layer; 12. Coal seam roof; 13. Coal seam; 14. Rock roof plate; 15. Pressure sensor; 16. Falling rock zone; 17. Impurity filter; 18. pH-EC online monitor; 19. Multi-parameter ion online monitor; 20. Total hardness online monitor; 21. Vacuum pump; 22. Ventilation fan; 23. Controllable cover plate; 24. Holes; 25. Casing; 26. Water inlet; 27. Multi-index monitoring system; 28. Monitoring pipeline; 29. ​​Air circulation system; 30. Exhaust pipeline; 31. Ventilation port; 32. Exhaust pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all couplings of one or more related listed items.

[0060] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in the present application can be used in this article to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the first element from another element.

[0061] Some terms involved in this application are explained below for better understanding of this application:

[0062] The multi-field coupled model is a scientific term used to describe a method of integrating multiple interacting physical fields or processes into a unified mathematical model in fields such as engineering, physics, geology, and environmental science.

[0063] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, in the first aspect, this application provides a simulation device for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water, including a constant temperature control box, a spraying device, a hydrogeological structure layer, a coal-bearing stratum, a first water-resisting layer, a rock stratum, a water-conducting fissure zone, and a multi-index monitoring system.

[0064] Among them, the constant temperature control box is used to keep the temperature inside it constant; specifically, the constant temperature control box can control the temperature inside it so that the model device placed inside can work at the target temperature. That is to say, the constant temperature control box is used to simulate the temperature conditions in the coal mine shaft. It should be noted that the constant temperature control box is a conventional constant temperature control box with the function of regulating the temperature inside the box and can simulate special climate environments.

[0065] Exemplarily, a device housing can be set up to hold part of the spraying device, the hydrogeological structure layer, the coal-bearing stratum, the first water-resisting layer, the caving rock zone, and the water-conducting fissure zone.

[0066] The spraying device has its spraying end set inside the constant temperature control box and is used to spray into the constant temperature control box.

[0067] Specifically, the spraying device includes a peristaltic pump, a first water pipe, and a first water outlet pipe.

[0068] Among them, the peristaltic pump is used to provide a power source and can pump the water in the water source into the first water pipe connected to it; the first water pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the peristaltic pump and is used to transport the water pumped by the peristaltic pump to the top of the constant temperature control box; the first water outlet pipe is set at the end of the first water pipe far from the peristaltic pump to form the spraying end and is used to spray the water in the first water pipe onto the hydrogeological structure layer. It should be noted that by using the spraying device, spraying on the hydrogeological structure layer can be formed to simulate the rainwater in the coal mine shaft, which helps to study the water quality change and hydrogeological conditions of the shaft water.

[0069] It should be noted that by controlling the working state of the peristaltic pump, the amount and frequency of spraying can be adjusted to simulate rainfall events of different intensities. This helps to more accurately understand and predict the water quality change of the shaft water and provides support for the rational utilization of shaft water resources and the protection of the mining area ecological environment.

[0070] In addition, the spraying device further includes a second water pipe and a second water outlet pipe. The second water pipe is communicated with the water outlet end of the peristaltic water pump and is used for conveying the water pumped by the peristaltic water pump to the side surface inside the constant temperature control box; the second water outlet pipe is arranged at one end of the second water pipe far away from the peristaltic water pump and is used for spraying the water in the second water pipe on the water inlet of the side surfaces of the hydrogeological structure layer, the coal series strata and the rock strata. Specifically, the second water pipe can be connected to the aforementioned peristaltic water pump according to needs, or can be separately connected to a new peristaltic water pump. If it is connected to a new peristaltic water pump, this new peristaltic water pump is used to independently control the second water pipe.

[0071] It should be noted that arranging the second water outlet pipe on the side surface can more realistically simulate the situation of rainwater or groundwater infiltrating along the side surface of the strata in nature; in addition, side surface water replenishment helps to achieve uniform distribution of water in the hydrogeological structure layer, the coal series strata and the rock strata, avoiding water concentration in a certain area, so as to more accurately simulate and study the migration process of water in the strata. By replenishing water on different side surfaces, the influence of water infiltration in different directions on the hydrogeological structure layer, the coal series strata and the rock strata can be studied, which helps to reproduce the dynamic changes of mine water. That is to say, the design of arranging the second water outlet pipe on the side surface and replenishing water on the side surface is to more comprehensively and realistically simulate and study the formation and evolution process of the water quality of coal mine mine water.

[0072] The hydrogeological structure layer is arranged below the spraying end of the spraying device so that the liquid sprayed by the spraying end can be absorbed by the hydrogeological structure layer. Specifically, the hydrogeological structure layer includes an inlet cover plate, an aquifer and a second water isolation layer.

[0073] Among them, the inlet cover plate is arranged below the spraying end and is used for receiving the water sprayed by the spraying end and adjusting the water volume flowing downward. A plurality of uniformly distributed holes are arranged on the inlet cover plate so that the water sprayed on it can uniformly enter below the inlet cover plate. In addition, the inlet cover plate can also be replaced according to the actual situation. Replacing the inlet cover plate with different numbers of holes can form different data, so that different data can provide diverse references for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine mine water.

[0074] The aquifer is arranged below the inlet cover plate and is used for simulating the groundwater aquifer and studying the interaction between water and the strata. Specifically, the aquifer can show hydrogeological conditions such as permeability, water storage capacity and water flow direction, and these conditions affect the water quality and water volume of mine water. It can also be used to study the interaction between water and rocks, including dissolution, precipitation, ion exchange and chemical reactions, and these processes affect the water quality.

[0075] The second aquitard is arranged between the aquifer and the coal measures strata to isolate different water layers or strata and prevent cross - contamination of water. Specifically, the second aquitard simulates geological structures in nature, such as impermeable layers or semi - permeable layers, in the simulation device, which is of great significance for understanding the flow of groundwater and water quality changes. Through the isolation of the second aquitard, researchers can focus on studying the hydrochemical characteristics of specific strata, such as ion exchange, dissolution, and precipitation processes in the aquifer.

[0076] The coal measures strata are arranged at the lower end face of the hydro - structural layer to simulate an actual coal mine. Specifically, the coal measures strata may include a coal seam roof and coal seams. Specifically, the coal seam roof is arranged below the hydro - structural layer to simulate the top of the coal seam in a coal mine and study the geological structure above the coal seam. The coal seam roof is located below the hydro - structural layer and simulates the immediate overlying rock stratum of the coal seam in a coal mine. The coal seam roof is used to study the characteristics of the geological structure above the coal seam, such as the stability, permeability of the rock stratum, and its impact on coal seam mining. The simulation of the coal seam roof helps to understand the caving mechanism of the roof rock stratum during the mining process and how these cave - ins affect the flow and water quality of mine water. The coal seam is arranged between the coal seam roof and the first aquitard to simulate the coal seam in an actual coal mine and study the interaction between the coal seam and water. The simulation of the coal seam helps to study the physicochemical properties of the coal seam and the interaction between the coal seam and groundwater, such as the dissolution of minerals in the coal seam, released ions, etc. By simulating the interaction between the coal seam and water, the changes in water quality during coal seam mining can be studied, including oxidation and reduction reactions of organic substances in the coal seam and their impact on water quality.

[0077] The first aquitard is arranged at the lower end face of the coal measures strata to isolate the coal measures strata from the rock strata; specifically, the function of the first aquitard is the same as that of the second aquitard, which will not be elaborated here.

[0078] The rock stratum is arranged at the lower end face of the first water - resisting layer and is used to simulate the rock caving area during coal mine exploitation. Specifically, the rock stratum includes a rock roof, a pressure sensor, and a caved rock zone. Among them, the rock roof is arranged below the first water - resisting layer and is used to simulate that the rock roof provides support for the coal seam before coal seam exploitation. The rock roof can also be connected to the second water outlet pipe to introduce the water in the second water outlet pipe, thereby increasing the influence of lateral water on the rock roof; the pressure sensor is set below the rock roof and is used to monitor the pressure change of the rock roof above it; the caved rock zone is arranged below the pressure sensor and is used to simulate rock caving. It should be noted that the stability of the rock roof is crucial for the safe exploitation of the coal seam and also affects the flow and water quality of mine water. The pressure sensor is installed below the rock roof to monitor the pressure change borne by the rock roof in real - time. By monitoring the pressure change, the stability of the rock roof and possible rock caving events can be predicted. The caved rock zone is located below the pressure sensor and simulates the caving area that occurs due to the loss of support of the rock roof during coal mine exploitation. The formation of the caved rock zone will affect the stability of the mine and also the flow path and water quality of mine water. By simulating the rock caving process, the short - term and long - term effects of rock caving on the water quality of mine water can be studied, which helps to evaluate the potential impact of coal mine exploitation activities on the stability and water quality of the mine.

[0079] The water - conducting fissure zone extends from the hydro - geological structure layer to the first water - resisting layer and is used to simulate the fissures in the stratum. Specifically, the water - conducting fissure zone is set to simulate the naturally existing fissures in the stratum, and these fissures have an important impact on the flow of groundwater and the water quality of mine water. The water - conducting fissure zone provides paths for groundwater flow. These paths have different permeabilities from the stratum, thus affecting the flow velocity and direction of water. The water flow in the fissures may interact with the rock, resulting in changes in water quality parameters (such as pH value, ion concentration, etc.). The water - conducting fissure zone can serve as a recharge path for mine water, simulating the process of rainwater or surface water infiltrating into the mine through the fissures. By simulating the water - conducting fissure zone, the potential impact of mining activities on the groundwater environment can be evaluated, including water quality deterioration and water resource depletion. The simulation of the water - conducting fissure zone helps to evaluate the water resource potential between different strata.

[0080] The multi-index monitoring system has the monitoring section arranged at the water outlet of the caving rock zone for monitoring water quality. Specifically, the multi-index monitoring system includes an impurity filter, a pH-EC on-line monitor, a multi-parameter ion on-line monitor, and a total hardness on-line monitor. Among them, the impurity filter is connected to the caving rock zone through a monitoring pipeline and is used to filter impurities in the water flowing out of the caving rock zone; the pH-EC on-line monitor is connected to the outlet of the impurity filter and is used to measure the pH value and conductivity of the water after passing through the impurity filter; the multi-parameter ion on-line monitor is connected to the outlet of the pH-EC on-line monitor and is used to monitor various ions in the water after passing through the pH-EC on-line monitor; the total hardness on-line monitor is connected to the outlet of the multi-parameter ion on-line monitor and is used to monitor the hardness of the water after passing through the multi-parameter ion on-line monitor.

[0081] It should be noted that the impurity filter is connected to the caving rock zone through a monitoring pipeline and is used to filter suspended solids and large particle impurities in the water flowing out of the caving rock zone. This helps to protect the subsequent monitoring equipment from being blocked by particulate matter and ensures the accuracy of the monitoring data. The pH-EC on-line monitor: the pH value reflects the acidity and alkalinity of the water, and the conductivity is related to the concentration of dissolved salts in the water. These two parameters are key indicators for water quality assessment. The multi-parameter ion on-line monitor is used to monitor the concentrations of various ions in the water, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, etc. The concentrations of these ions can reflect the chemical characteristics of the water and are crucial for evaluating water quality and the water treatment process. The total hardness on-line monitor is used to monitor the total hardness of the water, that is, the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. Total hardness is an important parameter for measuring the resistance of water to soaps and detergents and is also a key indicator for evaluating water treatment requirements. The data collected by the multi-index monitoring system can not only be used to analyze the changing trend of water quality, evaluate the chemical characteristics of mine water and potential environmental impacts; but also provide real-time water quality monitoring, which is of great significance for timely detecting water quality problems and taking corresponding measures.

[0082] In addition, the impurity filter is also connected to the hydrogeological structure layer and the rock roof through the monitoring pipelines respectively, and is used to filter the impurities in the water flowing out of the hydrogeological structure layer and the rock roof respectively. Specifically, the impurity filter is connected to the coal seam roof, the coal seam and the rock roof through the monitoring pipelines respectively, which not only ensures that the water flowing out of the coal seam roof, the coal seam and the rock roof is fully filtered before entering the monitoring system or water body to remove the impurities that may affect the water quality, but also enables the multi-index monitoring system to monitor the water quality of the coal seam roof, the coal seam and the rock roof. By simulating the natural filtration process when water flows through the strata, it can more truly reflect the water quality changes of mine water in the natural environment. Monitor the water quality before and after filtration, study the influence of the coal seam roof, the coal seam and the rock roof on the water quality, as well as the chemical and physical changes when water flows through these strata, and understand the water quality conditions of the water flowing out of different strata. Collect the monitoring data of the water flowing out of different strata for analyzing the changing trend of water quality and evaluating the chemical characteristics and potential environmental impacts of mine water. It should be noted that valves can be set on the monitoring pipelines as needed to adjust the water source entering the multi-index monitoring system by using the valves.

[0083] In one embodiment, a simulation device for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine water also includes an air circulation system; the air circulation system is connected to the caving rock zone and is used to circulate the air in the caving rock zone to simulate the air flow in the mine; the air circulation system includes an air extraction pump, a ventilation fan and a controllable cover plate. One end of the air extraction pump is connected to the caving rock zone through an air extraction pipeline, and the other end is connected to an air extraction pipe, which is used to discharge the air in the caving rock zone through the air extraction pipe. Exemplarily, the air extraction pipeline is connected to the ventilation opening at the position of the caving rock zone; the ventilation fan is connected to the air extraction pipeline through a ventilation pipeline and is used to ventilate the caving rock zone through the air extraction pipeline; the controllable cover plate is arranged at the connection position of the air extraction pipeline and the ventilation pipeline and is used to adjust the ventilation volume.

[0084] Specifically, an air circulation system is used to simulate the air flow in a mine. The pumping action of the air extraction pump can simulate the gas flow in the mine caused by mining activities or other reasons. The ventilation fan can simulate the natural ventilation or forced ventilation process in the mine. By adjusting the opening and closing degree of the cover plate, the speed and amount of air flow can be controlled to simulate different ventilation conditions. The air circulation system helps to study how gases in the air (such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) affect the chemical composition and water quality of mine water. By simulating the air flow in the mine, the safety of the mine working environment and its impact on miners' health can be evaluated. When the air is flowing, the air circulation system affects the temperature, humidity and gas composition. That is to say, the air circulation system can control the environmental conditions in the simulation device to simulate different mine environments. In addition, the air circulation system can not only simulate the ventilation environment, but also create an anaerobic-aerobic alternating cycle environment to determine the impact of microorganisms on mine water.

[0085] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine water, which is applied to the simulation device for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine water described above. The method includes:

[0086] S100, using a multi-index detection system to monitor the water quality of coal mine water in the simulation device to obtain multiple types of water quality parameters.

[0087] Specifically, how to monitor the water quality of coal mine water in the simulation device using a multi-index detection system has been described in the above-mentioned simulation device for the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine water, and will not be elaborated here. After obtaining the water quality parameters using the multi-index detection system, subsequent processing can be performed on the water quality parameters.

[0088] According to the monitored ion concentration data, charge balance calculations are performed to ensure that the total charges of cations and anions are equal. This helps to identify possible ion sources, such as mineral dissolution, atmospheric deposition, or biological processes.

[0089] S200, determine the source of ions according to the charge balance of ions in multiple types of the water quality parameters.

[0090] (1) Ion balance calculation

[0091] By calculating the charge balance of various main ions (such as cations Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , etc. and anions SO 4 2- , Cl - , HCO 3 - , etc.) in the water sample, the source of ions and possible chemical reactions can be judged.

[0092] ∑Z i C i = 0

[0093] where Z i is the charge number of the ion, and C i is the concentration of the ion (mmol / L).

[0094] (2) Mass balance calculation

[0095]

[0096] where M i,in and M i,out are the masses of the ion in the influent and effluent respectively, and △M j is the mass change of the ion due to chemical reactions.

[0097] Using statistical methods such as Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients to analyze the correlation between different ions can help understand the relationship between ions and the possible chemical reactions they may participate in.

[0098] S300, determine the relationship between ions based on the ion correlation in multiple types of the water quality parameters.

[0099] Calculating the correlation coefficient between different ions can help understand the relationship between ions, and thus infer their sources and the possible chemical reactions they may participate in. Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficients between different ions and between ions and other relevant indicators (such as pH value, conductivity, etc.) to construct a correlation coefficient matrix.

[0100] The correlation coefficient can be calculated using methods such as Pearson (Pearson correlation coefficient) or Spearman (Spearman rank correlation coefficient) correlation coefficients.

[0101]

[0102] where the closer |r| is to 1, the stronger the linear correlation between the two variables; the closer |r| is to 0, the weaker the linear correlation, and x and y represent the concentrations of two different ions.

[0103] For example, if the correlation coefficient between Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- is high and positively correlated, it indicates that the dissolution or precipitation process of calcium sulfate (CaSO) in water has an important impact on the concentration changes of these two ions; if the correlation coefficient between Na + and Cl -The relatively high correlation coefficient between them may imply that they have similar sources, such as the dissolution of rock salt (NaCl), etc.

[0104] S400, determine the precipitation or dissolution trend of ions according to the saturation index among multiple types of the water quality parameters.

[0105] The saturation index is used to judge whether a certain mineral in water reaches the saturation state, thereby inferring the precipitation or dissolution trend of relevant ions and further understanding the hydrochemical process.

[0106] Taking calcium carbonate (CaCO) as an example, its saturation index calculation formula is:

[0107]

[0108] Among them, lg represents the saturation index, IAP is the ion activity product, and K sp is the solubility product constant of calcium carbonate.

[0109] When SI > 0, the solution is supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, and calcium carbonate precipitation may occur; when SI = 0, the solution is in an equilibrium state; when SI < 0, the solution is unsaturated, and calcium carbonate may continue to dissolve.

[0110] By calculating the saturation indices of different minerals, it can be analyzed which minerals may have precipitated or dissolved during the experiment and the influence of these processes on the ion concentration.

[0111] Calculate the saturation indices of key ion pairs, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO), calcium sulfate (CaSO), etc., to determine the precipitation or dissolution trend of these minerals. A saturation index greater than 0 may indicate a precipitation trend, and less than 0 may indicate a dissolution trend.

[0112] S500, determine the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water according to the source of the ions, the precipitation or dissolution trend of the ions, and the mutual relationship between the ions.

[0113] Specifically, according to the source of the ions, the precipitation or dissolution trend of the ions, and the mutual relationship between the ions, deduce the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water, so as to obtain the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water. Exemplarily, a formation and evolution model of the water quality of coal mine shaft water can be constructed, and the data of the source of the ions, the precipitation or dissolution trend of the ions, and the mutual relationship between the ions are respectively input into the formation and evolution model of the water quality of coal mine shaft water as training data for training, so as to use the trained formation and evolution model of the water quality of coal mine shaft water to carry out the formation and evolution of the water quality of coal mine shaft water.

[0114] In addition, for the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine water, isotope analysis of the water quality can also be considered. Using isotope analysis equipment, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, sulfur isotopes, and carbon isotopes in the water quality are analyzed respectively.

[0115] That is to say, between steps S500, it may further include:

[0116] Using isotope analysis equipment, analyze the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, sulfur isotopes, and carbon isotopes among multiple types of the water quality parameters to obtain isotope analysis results;

[0117] Based on the source of the ions, the precipitation or dissolution trend of the ions, the mutual relationship between the ions, and the isotope analysis results, deduce the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine water, so as to obtain the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine water.

[0118] Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis: Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (such as 2H / 1H and 1O / 1O) are widely used in hydrological and geochemical research. By measuring the composition of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in mine water, the source of water (such as atmospheric precipitation, surface water, groundwater, etc.) and the physical and chemical processes (such as evaporation, precipitation, mixing, etc.) experienced by water during the circulation process can be judged.

[0119] Sulfur isotope analysis: Sulfur usually exists in the form of sulfate ions (SO 4 2- ) etc. in coal mine water. Analyzing the composition of sulfur isotopes (such as 3 S / 32 S) can distinguish the source of sulfate ions, whether it comes from the oxidation of pyrite in coal samples or the dissolution of sulfate minerals in rocks. Sulfur from different sources has different isotope composition characteristics. For example, the isotope composition of sulfur in coal is relatively heavy, while the isotope composition of sulfate in rocks is relatively light.

[0120] Carbon isotope analysis: Carbon isotopes (such as 13C / 12C) can be used to study the source and transformation process of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water. In coal mine water, the source of DIC may include the dissolution of carbonate minerals, the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, etc. By analyzing the carbon isotope composition, the contributions of these processes to DIC and their mutual relationship can be understood.

[0121] It should be noted that the isotope analysis equipment is set upstream of the impurity filter, that is, on the monitoring pipeline. In this way, the isotope analysis equipment can collect the water sample flowing into the monitoring pipeline through the caving rock zone, and this water sample has not been filtered by the impurity filter, which can avoid isotope fractionation or change caused by filtration. Through the analysis of isotopes, more information about the water quality source and process can be obtained.

[0122] Exemplarily, constructing a formation and evolution model of the water quality of coal mine mine water may include the following:

[0123] Construct a hydrochemical model. Among them, the formulas in steps S200 to S400 can be used as the main components of the hydrochemical model, and some other chemical reaction equations can also be added as needed, such as including dissolution, precipitation, and redox reaction formulas, etc.

[0124] Input water quality parameters into the hydrochemical model. Among them, water quality parameters may include pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, etc. Further, a pH-EC online monitor is used to measure the pH value and conductivity (EC) of the water sample, and a multi-parameter ion online monitor is used to monitor the concentrations of various ions in the water, which may include but are not limited to calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, etc. Furthermore, it is extended to include the measurement of ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + ), total phosphorus (PO 4 3- ), and total nitrogen (TN), and a total hardness online monitor is used to measure the total hardness of the water, that is, the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water.

[0125] In addition, the multi-index monitoring system may also include a dissolved oxygen (DO) online monitor, a turbidity online monitor, a COD (chemical oxygen demand) online monitor, and a temperature sensor. Among them, the dissolved oxygen (DO) online monitor is used for the oxygen content in the water body; the turbidity online monitor is used to monitor the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the water sample; the COD (chemical oxygen demand) online monitor is used to monitor the content of organic substances in the water sample. Further, in the multi-index monitoring system, the COD online monitor can be connected to the outlet of the multi-parameter ion online monitor to measure the chemical oxygen demand in the water and reflect the content of organic substances in the water; the dissolved oxygen (DO) online monitor can be connected to the outlet of the COD online monitor to measure the dissolved oxygen content in the water, which is an important parameter for evaluating the self-purification ability of the water body and the living environment of aquatic organisms. The turbidity online monitor can be connected to the outlet of the dissolved oxygen (DO) online monitor to measure the turbidity of the water and reflect the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the water. For the temperature in the water quality parameters, a temperature sensor can be used for monitoring, and the temperature sensor can be set downstream of the impurity filter as needed, such as on the pH-EC online monitor, the multi-parameter ion online monitor, and the total hardness online monitor, and the water temperature can be measured when the water passes through.

[0126] Use the multi-index monitoring system to collect index data, and use isotope analysis equipment to collect isotope data to obtain index data and isotope data;

[0127] Extract the statistical characteristics of the index data and the isotope data respectively to obtain the statistical characteristics of the index data and the statistical characteristics of the isotope data. Among them, feature extraction may include statistical characteristics such as the mean, variance, maximum value, and minimum value of each parameter;

[0128] Input the statistical characteristics of the index data into the hydrochemical model to obtain the formation of the quality of coal mine shaft water;

[0129] Construct an initial water quality evolution prediction model and train it using historical water quality data to obtain a target water quality evolution prediction model;

[0130] Input the prediction of the dynamic changes of the water quality parameters into the target water quality evolution prediction model to obtain the prediction of the future evolution of the quality of coal mine shaft water. Exemplarily, the water quality evolution prediction model can be implemented using, such as, random forest, support vector machine, etc.

[0131] Construct a model for the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine shaft water. Among them, the model for the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine shaft water is a multi-field coupling model, which means integrating the hydrochemical model, the target water quality evolution prediction model, and the statistical characteristics of the isotope data into a unified framework. Specifically, the hydrochemical model: provides a simulation of the changes in water quality parameters based on physical and chemical principles, such as dissolution, precipitation, ion exchange, etc. The target water quality evolution prediction model: uses historical data and algorithms to identify the patterns of changes in water quality parameters and predict future water quality changes. The statistical characteristics of the isotope data: provide additional information about the water quality source and process, such as through the analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, sulfur isotopes, and carbon isotopes. That is, use the multi-field coupling model to simulate the process of water quality formation and evolution.

[0132] Input the real-time monitored water quality parameters into the model for the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine shaft water, use the model for the formation and evolution of the quality of coal mine shaft water to predict the future evolution of the quality of coal mine shaft water, and conduct visual display and generate a report.

[0133] It should be noted that S100 is a method for obtaining data, which can analyze the variation law and characteristics of ion concentration; S200 is to determine whether the ions are derived from water-rock interaction; S300 preliminarily screens the ion-ion interaction through the strength of the ion-ion correlation; S400 describes the water chemical reaction process between ions with strong correlation; the isotope technology in S500 can trace the change process of characteristic ions derived from rocks and supplement and verify the above conclusions.

[0134] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Among them, any reference to a memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided in the present application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memories. Non-volatile memories can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memories can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0135] The various embodiments in the present disclosure are described in a progressive manner. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other. The key points of each embodiment are to illustrate the differences from other embodiments.

[0136] The protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and deformations to the present disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. If these changes and deformations fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalent technologies, the intention of the present disclosure also includes these changes and deformations.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality, characterized in that: The simulation device for the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality comprises: A constant temperature control box, used to control the temperature inside it to be in a constant temperature state; A spray device, a spray end of which is arranged in the constant temperature control box and is used for spraying into the constant temperature control box; A hydrological structural layer is arranged below the spray end of the spray device so that the liquid sprayed from the spray end is absorbed by the hydrological structural layer; Coal-bearing strata are arranged at the lower end of the hydrological structure layer to simulate actual coal mines; A first water-proof layer is arranged at the lower end surface of the coal-bearing stratum and is used to isolate the coal-bearing stratum; A rock formation, arranged on the lower end surface of the first waterproof layer, is used to simulate the rock fall area during coal mining; A water-conducting fracture zone extending from the hydrological structural layer to the first aquiclude, used to simulate fractures in the stratum; A multi-index monitoring system, wherein the monitoring section is arranged at the outlet of the rock-falling zone, is used to monitor the water quality.

2. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying device comprises: A peristaltic water pump is used to provide a power source; a first water pipe, connected to the water outlet of the peristaltic water pump, and used for conveying the water pumped by the peristaltic water pump to the top of the constant temperature control box; The first water outlet pipe is arranged at one end of the first water pipe away from the peristaltic water pump to form the spray end, which is used to spray the water in the first water pipe onto the hydrological structure layer.

3. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spraying device also includes: A second water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the peristaltic water pump and is used to transport the water pumped by the peristaltic water pump to the side of the thermostatic control box; A second water outlet pipe is arranged at one end of the second water pipe away from the peristaltic water pump, and is used to spray the water in the second water pipe to the water inlets on the sides of the hydrological structure layer, the coal-bearing stratum and the rock stratum.

4. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrological structure layer includes: A water inlet cover plate is arranged below the spray end and is used to receive the water sprayed by the spray end and adjust the amount of water flowing downward; an aquifer, arranged below the water inlet cover plate, for simulating a groundwater aquifer and for studying the interaction between water and strata; The second impermeable layer is arranged between the aquifer and the coal-bearing stratum to isolate different water layers or strata to prevent cross contamination of water.

5. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal-bearing strata include: A coal seam roof, arranged below the hydrological structure layer, is used to simulate the top of a coal seam in a coal mine and study the geological structure above the coal seam; The coal seam is arranged between the coal seam roof and the first impermeable layer, and is used to simulate the coal seam in an actual coal mine and study the interaction between the coal seam and water.

6. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock formation comprises: A rock roof is arranged below the first impermeable layer and is used to simulate the rock roof providing support for the coal seam before coal seam mining; A pressure sensor is arranged below the rock top plate and is used to monitor the pressure change of the rock top plate above it; The rock falling zone is arranged below the pressure sensor and is used to simulate rock falling.

7. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-indicator monitoring system comprises: An impurity filter, connected to the rock fall zone through a monitoring pipeline, for filtering impurities in water flowing out of the rock fall zone; A pH-EC online monitor, connected to the outlet of the impurity filter, for monitoring the pH value and conductivity of the water after passing through the impurity filter; A multi-parameter ion online monitor, connected to the outlet of the pH-EC online monitor, for monitoring multiple ions in the water passing through the pH-EC online monitor; The total hardness online monitor is connected to the outlet of the multi-parameter ion online monitor and is used to monitor the hardness of water passing through the multi-parameter ion online monitor.

8. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 7, characterized in that: The impurity filter is also connected to the hydrological structure layer and the rock top plate respectively through monitoring pipelines, and is used to filter impurities in the water flowing out through the hydrological structure layer and the rock top plate respectively.

9. The device for simulating the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an air circulation system; The air circulation system is connected to the rock falling zone and is used to circulate the air in the rock falling zone to simulate the air flow in the mine; The air circulation system comprises: An air pump, one end of which is connected to the rock falling zone through an air extraction pipeline, and the other end of which is connected to the air extraction pipe, and is used to discharge the air in the rock falling zone through the air extraction pipe; A ventilation fan, connected to the exhaust pipeline through a ventilation pipeline, and used for ventilating the calving rock zone through the exhaust pipeline; A controllable cover plate is arranged at the connection position between the exhaust pipeline and the ventilation pipeline, and is used to adjust the ventilation volume.

10. A method for the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality, characterized in that: The method comprises: The water quality of the coal mine water in the simulation device is monitored using a multi-index detection system to obtain multiple types of water quality parameters; determining the source of the ions based on the charge balance of the ions in the plurality of types of the water quality parameters; determining a relationship between ions based on ion correlations among a plurality of types of said water quality parameters; determining the precipitation or dissolution tendency of ions according to a saturation index among a plurality of types of said water quality parameters; The formation and evolution of the coal mine water quality are determined based on the sources of the ions, the precipitation or dissolution trends of the ions and the relationships between the ions.

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