Fault period change determination method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas geology, and particularly discloses a fault period change determination method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining fault period activity data corresponding to a target region and a seismic data body of the target region; the fault period activity data comprises fault deformation activity times and fault deformation activity characteristics; according to the seismic data volume of the target area, the number of fault deformation activities and fault deformation activity characteristics, selecting a plurality of target horizon positions for reflecting fault activity structure deformation; based on the seismic data volume of the target area, generating seismic fault attribute plane graphs corresponding to the multiple target horizon positions and height data of the multiple target horizon positions; and according to the seismic fault attribute plane graphs corresponding to the plurality of target layers and the height data of the plurality of target layers, determining fault period change characteristics of the target area. According to the scheme, fault period changes can be accurately judged, and the success rate of oil-gas exploration well positions is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas geology, and particularly relates to a method and device for determining fault stage changes. Background Art

[0002] Structural traps and fault block traps are two important types of oil and gas traps, and the evolution of fault stages directly affects trap description. In areas affected by multi-stage fault structures, due to the superposition of late-stage fault re-tectonic deformation after early-stage fault deformation activities, it is difficult to intuitively judge the geological history period of faults. Since the specific activity time of faults cannot be accurately judged, the relationship between faults, reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation cannot be clarified, and it is difficult to determine the favorable development areas of fault-controlled reservoirs. On the other hand, the evolution of fault stages also has an important impact on the sealing property and gas-water relationship on both sides of the fault. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly determine the stage of faults and rely on seismic attributes to eliminate human understanding and find favorable oil and gas areas to obtain oil and gas exploration and development benefits. However, how to quickly and accurately identify fault stage changes and eliminate the role of human understanding has always been a difficult and key point in oil and gas exploration and development.

[0003] The existing methods for determining fault stages do not consider how to determine fault stages through the plane attributes of 3D seismic data, and cannot determine the characteristics of staged activity deformation of faults through 3D seismic data. Therefore, the existing technology cannot quickly and accurately identify fault stage changes.

[0004] In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed yet. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of this specification provide a method and device for determining fault stage changes to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to quickly and accurately identify fault stage changes.

[0006] Embodiments of this specification provide a method for determining fault stage changes, including:

[0007] Obtain fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area and the seismic data volume of the target area; the fault stage activity data includes the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities;

[0008] Select a plurality of target horizons for reflecting fault activity tectonic deformation according to the seismic data volume, the number of fault deformation activities, and the characteristics of fault deformation activities of the target area;

[0009] Generate a seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the plurality of target horizons and height data of the plurality of target horizons based on the seismic data volume of the target area;

[0010] Determine the fault stage change characteristics of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the fault stage change characteristics of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons includes:

[0012] Determine the fault stages of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons;

[0013] Construct a fault plan of the target area according to the fault stages of the target area; the fault plan is used to characterize the fault stage change characteristics of the target area.

[0014] In one embodiment, after determining the fault stage change characteristics of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, it further includes:

[0015] After the fault stage change characteristics of the target area, analyze the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and hydrocarbon reservoir properties of the target area.

[0016] In one embodiment, the number of the multiple target horizons is greater than or equal to the number of fault deformation activities.

[0017] In one embodiment, the number of fault deformation activities is 3. Correspondingly, the fault deformation activities include: early deformation activities, middle deformation activities, and late deformation activities; the target horizons include the first horizon, the second horizon, the third horizon, and the fourth horizon;

[0018] The first horizon is the horizon faulted by the early fault corresponding to the early deformation activity; the second horizon is the stopping horizon of the early deformation activity; the third horizon is the horizon faulted by the middle fault deformation corresponding to the middle deformation activity; the fourth horizon is the horizon faulted by the late fault deformation corresponding to the late deformation activity.

[0019] In one embodiment, determining the fault stages of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons includes:

[0020] Use the first color to represent the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the first horizon; use the second color to represent the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the second horizon; use the third color to represent the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the third horizon;

[0021] Superimpose and display the planar maps of seismic fault attributes corresponding to the first layer position, the second layer position, and the third layer position represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color respectively to obtain a superimposed planar map of seismic fault attributes;

[0022] Determine the thickness data between the third layer position and the fourth layer position according to the height data of the third layer position and the height data of the fourth layer position; use the fourth color to represent the abnormal thickness data in the thickness data to obtain an abnormal thickness data map;

[0023] Superimpose the abnormal thickness data map and the superimposed planar map of seismic fault attributes to obtain a superimposed planar map; determine the fault stages of the target area according to the superimposed planar map.

[0024] In one embodiment, determining the fault stages of the target area according to the superimposed planar map includes:

[0025] Determine the area with only the first color on the superimposed planar map as the early fault area;

[0026] Determine the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed planar map as the middle fault area or the late fault area.

[0027] In one embodiment, determining the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed planar map as the middle fault area or the late fault area includes:

[0028] Determine the area with the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color simultaneously on the superimposed planar map as the middle fault area;

[0029] Determine the area with only the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed planar map as the late fault area.

[0030] The embodiments of this specification also provide a device for determining the change of fault stages, including:

[0031] Determine the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed planar map as the middle fault area or the late fault area includes:

[0032] Determine the area with the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color simultaneously on the superimposed planar map as the middle fault area;

[0033] Determine the area where only the first color, the second color, and the third color exist simultaneously on the superimposed plane diagram as the late fault area. An embodiment of this specification also provides a computer device, including a processor and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor. When the processor executes the instructions, the steps of the fault stage change determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0034] An embodiment of this specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed, the steps of the fault stage change determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0035] An embodiment of this specification provides a method for determining fault stage changes. Fault stage activity data corresponding to a target area and a seismic data volume of the target area can be obtained. The fault stage activity data includes the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities. According to the seismic data volume, the number of fault deformation activities, and the characteristics of fault deformation activities of the target area, multiple target horizons for reflecting the tectonic deformation of fault activities are selected. Based on the seismic data volume of the target area, a seismic fault attribute plane diagram corresponding to the multiple target horizons and height data of the multiple target horizons are generated. According to the seismic fault attribute plane diagram corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, the fault stage change characteristics of the target area are determined. In this solution, multiple target horizons that can characterize the tectonic deformation of fault activities in the target area are selected. According to the seismic fault attribute plane diagram corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data, the fault stage change characteristics of the target area can be determined, accurately distinguishing the fault stage changes, realizing the discrimination from single-section discrimination to planar integration, and improving the success rate of hydrocarbon exploration well positions.

[0036] Referring to the following description and drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, indicating the ways in which the principles of the present invention can be adopted. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in scope thereby. Features described and / or illustrated for one embodiment can be used in the same or similar way in one or more other embodiments, combined with the features in other embodiments, or replace the features in other embodiments.

[0037] It should be emphasized that the term "including" as used herein refers to the presence of features, components, steps, or assemblies, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, components, steps, or assemblies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of this specification and form a part of this specification, but do not limit this specification. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 Shows a flowchart of the method for determining the change of fault stages in an embodiment of this specification;

[0040] Figure 2 Shows a flowchart of the method for determining the change of fault stages in an embodiment of this specification;

[0041] Figure 3 Shows a P1 coherence plane map and a longitudinal section of 3D seismic data in an embodiment of this specification;

[0042] Figure 4 Shows a longitudinal section of 3D seismic data of the target area in an embodiment of this specification;

[0043] Figure 5 Shows a longitudinal section of 3D seismic data of the target area in an embodiment of this specification;

[0044] Figure 6 Shows a P1 coherence plane map in an embodiment of this specification;

[0045] Figure 7 Shows a P2 coherence plane map in an embodiment of this specification;

[0046] Figure 8 Shows a P3 coherence plane map in an embodiment of this specification;

[0047] Figure 9 Shows a coherence superposition map of three layers of P1, P2, and P3 in an embodiment of this specification;

[0048] Figure 10 Shows the thickness change map between P3 and P4 and the Figure 9 plane map after superposition in an embodiment of this specification;

[0049] Figure 11 Shows a fault plane map in an embodiment of this specification;

[0050] Figure 12 Shows a schematic diagram of the device for determining the change of fault stages in an embodiment of this specification;

[0051] Figure 13 Shows a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of this specification. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] The principles and spirit of this specification will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and then implement this specification, and do not limit the scope of this specification in any way. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of this specification more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0053] Those skilled in the art know that the embodiments of this specification can be implemented as a system, device, equipment, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the disclosure of this specification can be specifically implemented in the following forms, namely: all hardware, all software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0054] Combined with the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, the details of the present invention can be more clearly understood. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and cannot be understood in any way as a limitation of the present invention. Under the teaching of the present invention, those skilled in the art can conceive any possible variations based on the present invention, and these should be regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "mounted", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this specification belongs. The terms used herein in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this specification. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0056] The embodiments of this specification provide a method for determining the change of fault stages. Figure 1The flowchart of the method for determining the change of fault stages in an embodiment of this specification is shown. Although this specification provides method operation steps or device structures as shown in the following embodiments or drawings, more or fewer operation steps or module units may be included in the method or device based on routine or non-creative labor. In steps or structures where there is no necessary causal relationship logically, the execution order of these steps or the module structure of the device is not limited to the execution order or module structure described in the embodiments of this specification and shown in the drawings. When the method or module structure is applied to an actual device or terminal product, it can be executed sequentially or in parallel according to the method or module structure shown in the embodiments or drawings (for example, in an environment of parallel processors or multi-threaded processing, or even a distributed processing environment).

[0057] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the method for determining the change of fault stages provided in an embodiment of this specification may include the following steps.

[0058] Step S101, obtain the fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area and the seismic data volume of the target area; the fault stage activity data includes the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities.

[0059] Step S102, select a plurality of target horizons for reflecting the tectonic deformation of fault activities according to the seismic data volume, the number of fault deformation activities, and the characteristics of fault deformation activities of the target area.

[0060] The method in this embodiment can be used to determine the characteristics of the change of fault stages in the target area.

[0061] The fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area and the seismic data volume of the target area can be obtained. The target area can be an oil and gas reservoir area to be studied. The fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area refers to the fault stage activity data of the area where the target area is located, which may include the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities. The number of multi-layer deformation activities is the number of times of fault deformation activities that occur in this area. The characteristics of fault deformation activities refer to the horizon characteristics created by the fault deformation activities that occur in this area.

[0062] A plurality of target horizons for reflecting the tectonic deformation of fault activities can be selected according to the seismic data volume, the number of fault deformation activities, and the characteristics of fault deformation activities of the target area. For example, according to the seismic data volume and the characteristics of fault deformation activities of the target area, the strata of the target area can be divided into multiple stages, and one or more target horizons can be selected from each stage of the multiple stages.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present specification, the number of fault deformation activities may be the same as the number of the multiple target horizons. In this embodiment, one target horizon representing the tectonic deformation of the fault activity may be selected from each stage.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present specification, the number of the multiple target horizons may be greater than the number of fault deformation activities. In this embodiment, one or more target horizons representing the tectonic deformation of the fault activity may be selected from each stage.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present specification, the number of fault deformation activities is 3. Correspondingly, the fault deformation activities may include: early deformation activities, middle deformation activities, and late deformation activities. The target horizons include the first horizon, the second horizon, the third horizon, and the fourth horizon. The first horizon is the horizon faulted by the early fault corresponding to the early deformation activity. The second horizon is the stopping horizon of the early deformation activity. The third horizon is the horizon faulted by the middle fault deformation corresponding to the middle deformation activity. The fourth horizon is the horizon faulted by the late fault deformation corresponding to the late deformation activity.

[0066] Step S103: Generate a seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and height data of the multiple target horizons based on the seismic data volume of the target area.

[0067] After selecting the multiple target horizons, a seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and height data of the multiple target horizons may be generated based on the seismic data volume of the target area. Among them, the seismic fault attribute plan view refers to a seismic attribute plan view that can represent a fault.

[0068] In one embodiment, the seismic fault attribute plan view may be a coherence attribute plan view or a curvature plane attribute view or other seismic attribute plan views that can represent a fault.

[0069] The height data of the multiple target horizons may refer to the height data corresponding to each point among the multiple points on each horizon of the multiple horizons. The formation thickness between two horizons can be obtained according to the height data of the two horizons.

[0070] Step S104: Determine the fault stage change characteristics of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons.

[0071] After obtaining the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, the fault stage change characteristics of the target area may be determined according to the seismic fault attribute plan view and the height data of the multiple target horizons.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present specification, determining the fault stage change characteristics of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons may include: determining the fault stage of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons; constructing a fault plan of the target area according to the fault stage of the target area; the fault plan is used to characterize the fault stage change characteristics of the target area. In this embodiment, the fault stage of the target area can be determined first, and then a fault plan of the target area can be generated accordingly, which can characterize the fault stage change characteristics of the target area.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present specification, the number of fault deformation activities is 3. Correspondingly, the fault deformation activities may include: early deformation activities, intermediate deformation activities, and late deformation activities. The target horizons include the first horizon, the second horizon, the third horizon, and the fourth horizon. The first horizon is the horizon faulted by the early fault corresponding to the early deformation activity. The second horizon is the stopping horizon of the early deformation activity. The third horizon is the horizon faulted by the intermediate fault deformation corresponding to the intermediate deformation activity. The fourth horizon is the horizon faulted by the late fault deformation corresponding to the late deformation activity. Correspondingly, determining the fault stage of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons may include: representing the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the first horizon with a first color; representing the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the second horizon with a second color; representing the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the third horizon with a third color; superimposing and displaying the seismic fault attribute plans corresponding to the first horizon, the second horizon, and the third horizon respectively represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color to obtain a superimposed seismic fault attribute plan; determining the thickness data between the third horizon and the fourth horizon according to the height data of the third horizon and the height data of the fourth horizon; representing the abnormal thickness data in the thickness data with a fourth color to obtain an abnormal thickness data map; superimposing the abnormal thickness data map and the superimposed seismic fault attribute plan to obtain a superimposed plan; determining the fault stage of the target area according to the superimposed plan. In this embodiment, by using different colors to represent the seismic fault attribute plans of each target horizon in the multiple target horizons, and then superimposing them and combining the thickness between the horizons, the fault stage corresponding to each area can be determined.

[0074] The abnormal thickness data in the thickness data may refer to the thickness data whose thickness value exceeds a preset range. When the thickness is within the preset range, it indicates that the thickness between two horizons remains basically constant. When the thickness exceeds the preset range, it indicates that there is a thickness anomaly zone between two horizons.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present specification, determining the fault stages of the target area according to the superimposed plan view may include: determining the area with only the first color on the superimposed plan view as the early fault area; determining the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed plan view as the middle fault area or the late fault area.

[0076] When there is only the first color in the area of the superimposed plan view, it indicates that the area is only offset by the early fault and is the early fault area. In the case of a fault corresponding to the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed plan view, it shows that the area is offset by both the early fault and the middle fault, and it may be the middle fault area or the late fault area.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present specification, determining the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed plan view as the middle fault area or the late fault area may include: determining the area with the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color simultaneously on the superimposed plan view as the middle fault area; determining the area with only the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously on the superimposed plan view as the late fault area.

[0078] To distinguish the middle fault area and the late fault area of the area, the fourth color can be combined for judgment. When a certain area on the superimposed plan view has the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color simultaneously, it indicates that the area is offset by both the early fault and the middle fault, and there is a thickness anomaly zone between the third horizon and the fourth horizon, so it is the middle deformation. When a certain area on the superimposed plan view has only the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously, it indicates that the area is offset by both the early fault and the middle fault, and the thickness between the third horizon and the fourth horizon is basically constant, so it is the late deformation.

[0079] In some embodiments of this specification, after determining the fault stage change characteristics of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, the following may further be included: After the fault stage change characteristics of the target area, analyze the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and hydrocarbon reservoir performance in the target area. In this embodiment, after determining the fault stage change characteristics, the specific activity time of the fault can be accurately judged, so that the relationship between the fault and the reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation can be clarified, which is convenient for determining the favorable areas for the development of fault-controlled reservoirs. On the other hand, due to the evolution of fault stages, it also has an important impact on the sealing property and gas-water relationship on both sides of the fault. Therefore, after determining the fault stage change characteristics, it helps to find favorable hydrocarbon areas and obtain hydrocarbon exploration and development benefits.

[0080] In some embodiments of this specification, after determining the fault stage change characteristics of the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plan corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, the method may further include: determining the hydrocarbon trap type according to the fault stage change characteristics of the target area.

[0081] In this embodiment, a trap refers to a place where hydrocarbons can accumulate. There are three types of traps: (1) Structural traps: including anticlinal traps and fault-block traps. Traps formed by the deformation and displacement of rock layers due to tectonic movements. (2) Stratigraphic traps: Traps formed by stratigraphic factors causing occlusion conditions. (3) Lithologic traps: Traps formed by the change of reservoir lithology or the interruption of lithologic continuity. After the formation of early faults, during hydrocarbon migration, the faults may close to form fault-block traps. After hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, when late faults form, the original structural traps may be transformed, and the gas all migrates along the faults and cannot form traps.

[0082] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other, and the key points of each embodiment are the differences from other embodiments. Specifically, reference can be made to the descriptions of the relevant previous embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.

[0083] The above describes specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be executed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Additionally, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the specific order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0084] The above method will be described below in conjunction with a specific embodiment. However, it should be noted that this specific embodiment is only for better explaining this specification and does not constitute an improper limitation of this specification.

[0085] How to accurately and quickly judge the change of fault stages is very important for oil and gas exploration and development. The change of fault stages underground can only be predicted and judged through seismic data. However, the judgment of a single profile cannot accurately determine the fault stages, and the influence of human factors is relatively large. Therefore, it is necessary to constrain the seismic data based on the laws of structural geometry to determine more accurate and reliable fault stages. A method for determining the change of fault stages is provided in this specific embodiment. In this specific embodiment, first, two sets of related layers in the same group are selected to represent early deformation and late deformation respectively; the coherent attribute values of the related layers are directly superimposed on the plane. In the case of only early deformation, the uppermost reference layer has no influence, and only the lower reference layer has the attribute characteristics of being faulted; in the case of only late deformation, both sets of layers have the attribute characteristics of being faulted, and the interlayer thickness of the upper and lower reference layers is stable without mutation near the fault; when both early and late stages are deformed, both sets of layers have the attribute characteristics of being faulted, but the interlayer thickness of the upper and lower reference layers changes near the fault. Through this method, the fault stages and activity processes can be accurately determined based on the laws of structural geometry, supporting the research on the oil and gas accumulation process, finding favorable areas for oil and gas, implementing well position targets, effectively guiding the deployment of oil and gas exploration and development drilling, improving the drilling success rate, and obtaining oil and gas exploration and development benefits.

[0086] In this specific embodiment, based on the idea of comprehensive seismic geology research, the fault stages are determined from the plane attributes based on the laws of structural geometry to solve the problem that it is difficult to distinguish the change of fault stages.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 2 , the method in this embodiment may include the following steps.

[0088] Process 1: Determine the horizons reflecting early, middle, and late structural deformations, and superimpose the coherences of each horizon.

[0089] Process 2: If only the lower early horizon is faulted, it is determined as only early deformation.

[0090] Process 3: If both the lower and middle horizons have the faulted attribute, and there is a thickness anomaly zone between the middle and upper horizons, it is judged as middle deformation.

[0091] Process 4: If the lower, middle, and upper horizons all have the faulted attribute and there is no abnormal change in the interlayer thickness, it is judged as late deformation.

[0092] Process 5: Establish a fault plane map for early, middle-late, and late stages.

[0093] For an oil and gas production area, it is basically clear how many phases of fault activities have occurred and the corresponding time for each phase of fault activity. Fault activities can only offset the strata deposited before that time. Based on this, the strata (sedimentary strata corresponding to the time) that can be affected by each phase of the fault in this work area can be determined. Then, if the early strata were active in Period A, the faults in that period can only offset the strata deposited before Period A and will not affect the strata deposited after Period A, because after Period A, the faults in that period have stopped moving, so they do not affect the strata deposited later. On the seismic profile, after determining the interface of the strata in Period A, the strata below this interface are the strata deposited before Period A, which are the strata that can be offset by the early faults. The same principle applies to the middle and late periods.

[0094] In the example, the four sets of horizons P1, P2, P3, and P4 from bottom to top are actually the strata of four sedimentary periods from early to late. The lower the strata, the earlier they were deposited, and the higher the strata, the later they were deposited. Therefore, P1 is at the bottom of the four sets of horizons and is the earliest deposited strata. It is the horizon offset by the early faults and has early deformation, so it has experienced three phases of deformation: late, middle, and early. P2 is the horizon where the early deformation stops. In Figure 3 , the early faults stop below P2 and do not offset P2, which means the early faults stopped during the deposition period of P2. Similarly, in Figure 4 , P3 is offset, but P4 is not offset, indicating that P3 is offset by the middle faults and is the uppermost horizon offset by the middle faults without affecting P4. Therefore, P3 can experience late and middle deformations. P4 is the latest deposited strata among the four sets of horizons and is the uppermost horizon offset by the late faults, which means it only experiences late deformation.

[0095] The method in this specific embodiment can accurately distinguish the changes in fault phases, realizing the discrimination from single-profile discrimination to planar integration, and improving the success rate of oil and gas exploration well positions.

[0096] In this specific example, a certain area is a compression deformation area with complex deformation phases. There are three phases of deformation, named early deformation, middle deformation, and late deformation from early to late. Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 where (a) shows the coherence plan view of P1. Figure 3 Lines A, B, and C in (a) of Figure 3 correspond to the positions of Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively. That is, Figure 3 (b) of Figure 4 is the seismic profile of Line A. Figure 5 is the seismic profile of Line B.

[0097] First step, determine four sets of horizons P1, P2, P3, and P4 from bottom to top ( Figure 3 of (b), Figure 4 , Figure 5 representing different types of fault offset horizons). P4 is the uppermost horizon offset by the late fault and only experiences late deformation; P3 is the uppermost horizon offset by the mid-term fault and experiences late and mid-term deformations; P2 is the horizon where early deformation stops. The early fault did not offset P2, and it experiences late and mid-term deformations; P1 is the horizon offset by the early fault and has early deformation, so it has experienced three phases of deformation: late, mid-term, and early.

[0098] 3D seismic data is data with the attributes of a 3D coordinate system. It includes X and Y (longitude and latitude) in the horizontal direction and Z (depth underground downward) in the vertical direction. Figure 3 of (b), Figure 4 , Figure 5 is a vertical section of the 3D seismic data. P3 is a plane in the 3D seismic data and is a line in the Figure 3 of (b), Figure 4 , Figure 5 seismic profile. Each point on the line has the attributes of XYZ coordinates, where the Z attribute represents depth. The same applies to P4. Subtracting the depth of each point of P3 from the depth of each corresponding vertical point of P4 will obtain the P4 - P3 thickness difference (concept conversion of depth difference) at the same XY point. Connecting the thickness differences at different points of the P4 - P3 strata in a vertical seismic profile is the P4 - P3 strata thickness difference line of this seismic profile. In the 3D seismic data, a P4 - P3 strata thickness difference plane will be obtained.

[0099] If the thickness differences in a vertical seismic profile are all constant values without large fluctuations, it means there is no influence from the fault. If P3 is offset by the fault but the fault activity stops before the deposition of P4. Then there will be a significant change in the thickness difference values in the P4 - P3 strata thickness difference. Because the P3 strata are offset and disturbed and then covered by the P4 strata, they cannot maintain a relatively constant parallel state.

[0100] Figure 3 of (b) is the situation where there is only early fault activity and no mid-term and late fault activities. Among them, P2 is not offset, and P1 is offset, indicating that P1 was offset by the early fault after its deposition, and then P2 was deposited, so P2 was not offset.

[0101] Figure 4This is a situation with a mid - term fault and no early - term fault activity. Among them, the three sets of horizons P1, P2, and P3 are all offset, indicating that the mid - term fault occurred after the deposition of P3; the thickness between P3 and P4 has changed, representing that P4 was deposited after the mid - term fault activity. Therefore, the thickness difference between P3 and P4 can be used to determine whether the mid - term deformation occurred independently. Figure 4 There is a thickness difference between P3 and P4, and the part pointed by the arrow is thicker than the two sides.

[0102] Figure 5 This is a situation of late - term fault activity. Among them, the four sets of horizons P1, P2, P3, and P4 are all offset. Since there is no obvious change in the thickness among P1, P2, P3, and P4, it indicates that the fault occurred after the deposition of P4, which is a late - term fault.

[0103] Second step, extract the coherence attribute plane maps of the three horizons P3, P2, and P1 respectively (the coherence of horizon P1 is Figure 6 , the coherence of horizon P2 is Figure 7 , and the coherence of horizon P3 is Figure 8 ). Based on the coordinate system, superimpose them on the same coordinate system to obtain Figure 9 .

[0104] Third step, Figure 9 Among them, only the black part indicates that only P1 is offset, which is an early - term fault; the nearby light - gray part indicates that the offset reaches P3, but it cannot be determined whether it is a mid - term or late - term fault. The specific activity period needs to be coordinated with the thickness between P3 and P4.

[0105] Fourth step, Figure 10 Among them, superimpose the thickness change map of P3 and P4 on Figure 9 . Among them, the gray mass (the depth of the color indicates the degree of abnormal thickness change, the darker the color, the more abnormal changes) indicates the area with abnormal thickness change, and the fault in this area is a mid - term fault. Thus, distinguish the mid - term fault and the late - term fault from Figure 8 .

[0106] Fifth step, extract the coherence where only horizon P1 is offset from Figure 10 , and display it in light - gray, representing the early - term fault (as shown in Figure 11 ); extract the fault line with abnormal thickness change between P3 and P4, and display it in dark - gray, representing the mid - term fault (as shown in Figure 11 ); extract the fault where the coherence of P1, P2, and P3 overlaps and the thickness between P3 and P4 does not change, and display it in black, representing the late - term fault (as shown in Figure 11 ).

[0107] Sixth step, obtain the fault staging plane map, as shown in Figure 11 .

[0108] The method in this specific embodiment can accurately identify the changes in fault stages, realizing the identification from a single profile to a planar integration, and improving the success rate of hydrocarbon exploration well positions.

[0109] Based on the same inventive concept, an apparatus for determining fault stage changes is also provided in the embodiments of this specification, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the apparatus for determining fault stage changes to solve problems is similar to that of the method for determining fault stage changes, the implementation of the apparatus for determining fault stage changes can refer to the implementation of the method for determining fault stage changes, and the repeated parts will not be elaborated. Hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that can achieve a predetermined function. Although the apparatuses described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. Figure 12 is a structural block diagram of the apparatus for determining fault stage changes in the embodiments of this specification, as Figure 12 shown, including: an acquisition module 121, a selection module 122, a generation module 123, and a determination module 124. The following will explain this structure.

[0110] The acquisition module 121 is used to acquire the fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area and the seismic data volume of the target area; the fault stage activity data includes the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities.

[0111] The selection module 122 is used to select multiple target horizons for reflecting the tectonic deformation of fault activities according to the seismic data volume of the target area, the number of fault deformation activities, and the characteristics of fault deformation activities.

[0112] The generation module 123 is used to generate the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons based on the seismic data volume of the target area.

[0113] The determination module 124 is used to determine the fault stage change characteristics of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons.

[0114] In some embodiments of this specification, the determination module can specifically be used to: determine the fault stages of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons; construct the fault plane map of the target area according to the fault stages of the target area; the fault plane map is used to characterize the fault stage change characteristics of the target area.

[0115] In some embodiments of this specification, the determination module may specifically be further configured to: after analyzing the characteristics of the faulting stages of the target area, analyze the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and hydrocarbon reservoir performance of the target area.

[0116] In some embodiments of this specification, the number of the multiple target horizons is greater than or equal to the number of fault deformation activities.

[0117] In some embodiments of this specification, the number of fault deformation activities is 3. Correspondingly, the fault deformation activities include: early deformation activities, middle deformation activities, and late deformation activities; the target horizons include the first horizon, the second horizon, the third horizon, and the fourth horizon; the first horizon is the horizon faulted by the early faults corresponding to the early deformation activities; the second horizon is the stopping horizon of the early deformation activities; the third horizon is the horizon faulted by the middle faults corresponding to the middle deformation activities; the fourth horizon is the horizon faulted by the late faults corresponding to the late deformation activities.

[0118] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the faulting stages of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons includes: representing the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the first horizon with a first color; representing the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the second horizon with a second color; representing the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the third horizon with a third color; superposing and displaying the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the first horizon, the second horizon, and the third horizon respectively represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color to obtain a superposed seismic fault attribute plan view; determining the thickness data between the third horizon and the fourth horizon according to the height data of the third horizon and the height data of the fourth horizon; representing the abnormal thickness data in the thickness data with a fourth color to obtain an abnormal thickness data map; superposing the abnormal thickness data map and the superposed seismic fault attribute plan view to obtain a superposed plan view; determining the faulting stages of the target area according to the superposed plan view.

[0119] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the faulting stages of the target area according to the superposed plan view includes: determining the area with only the first color on the superposed plan view as the early fault area; determining the area with the first color, the second color, and the third color simultaneously present on the superposed plan view as the middle fault area or the late fault area.

[0120] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the area on the superimposed plan view where the first color, the second color, and the third color coexist as the intermediate fault area or the late fault area includes: determining the area on the superimposed plan view where the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color coexist as the intermediate fault area; determining the area on the superimposed plan view where only the first color, the second color, and the third color coexist as the late fault area.

[0121] From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of this specification achieve the following technical effects: By selecting multiple target horizons that can characterize the fault activity tectonic deformation of the target area, based on the seismic fault attribute plan views and height data corresponding to the multiple target horizons, the characteristics of the fault stage changes in the target area can be determined, accurately distinguishing the fault stage changes, realizing the transition from single-profile discrimination to planar integrated discrimination, and improving the success rate of hydrocarbon exploration well locations.

[0122] The embodiments of this specification also provide a computer device, which can specifically refer to Figure 13 the schematic structural diagram of the computer device composition based on the fault stage change determination method provided by the embodiments of this specification as shown. The computer device can specifically include an input device 131, a processor 132, and a memory 133. Among them, the memory 133 is used to store instructions executable by the processor. When the processor 132 executes the instructions, it implements the steps of the fault stage change determination method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0123] In this embodiment, the input device can specifically be one of the main devices for information exchange between the user and the computer system. The input device can include a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a scanner, a light pen, a handwriting input board, a voice input device, etc.; the input device is used to input the original data and the programs for processing these data into the computer. The input device can also obtain and receive data transmitted from other modules, units, and devices. The processor can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor can take the form of a microprocessor or a processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (such as software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller, etc. The memory can specifically be a memory device used to store information in modern information technology. The memory can include multiple levels. In a digital system, anything that can store binary data can be a memory; in an integrated circuit, a circuit with a storage function without a physical form is also called a memory, such as a RAM, a FIFO, etc.; in a system, a storage device with a physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory stick, a TF card, etc.

[0124] In this embodiment, the functions and effects specifically implemented by the computer device can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0125] This specification embodiment also provides a computer storage medium based on the fault stage change determination method. The computer storage medium stores computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed, the steps of the fault stage change determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0126] In this embodiment, the above storage medium includes but is not limited to Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Cache, Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or Memory Card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be set according to the standards specified by the communication protocol and is used for the interface of network connection communication.

[0127] In this embodiment, the functions and effects specifically implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0128] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above modules or steps of the embodiments of this specification can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device. They can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented by program codes executable by the computing device, so that they can be stored in the storage device and executed by the computing device. And in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here, or they can be separately made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps among them can be made into a single integrated circuit module to implement. In this way, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0129] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be obvious to those skilled in the art after reading the above description.

[0130] The above is only the preferred embodiment of this specification and is not used to limit this specification. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of this specification can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this specification shall be included within the protection scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for determining the change of fault stages, characterized in that, it includes: Obtaining the fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area and the seismic data volume of the target area; The fault stage activity data includes the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities; According to the seismic data volume of the target area, the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities, select multiple target horizons for reflecting the tectonic deformation of fault activities; Based on the seismic data volume of the target area, generate the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons; According to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, determine the change characteristics of the fault stages in the target area.

2. The method for determining the change of fault stages according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the change characteristics of the fault stages in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons includes: Determining the fault stages in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons; According to the fault stages in the target area, construct the fault plan view of the target area; the fault plan view is used to characterize the change characteristics of the fault stages in the target area.

3. The method for determining the change of fault stages according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the change characteristics of the fault stages in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons, it further includes: After the change characteristics of the fault stages in the target area, analyze the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and hydrocarbon reservoir performance in the target area.

4. The method for determining the change of fault stages according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the multiple target horizons is greater than or equal to the number of fault deformation activities.

5. The method for determining the change of fault stages according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of fault deformation activities is 3. Correspondingly, the fault deformation activities include: early deformation activities, middle deformation activities and late deformation activities; the target horizons include the first horizon, the second horizon, the third horizon and the fourth horizon; The first horizon is the horizon faulted by the early fault corresponding to the early deformation activity; the second horizon is the stop horizon of the early deformation activity; the third horizon is the horizon faulted by the middle fault deformation corresponding to the middle deformation activity; the fourth horizon is the horizon faulted by the late fault deformation corresponding to the late deformation activity.

6. The method for determining the change of fault stages according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the fault stages in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the multiple target horizons and the height data of the multiple target horizons includes: Represent the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the first layer position using a first color; represent the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the second layer position using a second color; represent the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to the third layer position using a third color; Superimpose and display the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the first layer position, the second layer position, and the third layer position respectively represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color to obtain a superimposed seismic fault attribute plan view; Determine the thickness data between the third layer position and the fourth layer position according to the height data of the third layer position and the height data of the fourth layer position; represent the abnormal thickness data in the thickness data using a fourth color to obtain an abnormal thickness data map; Superimpose the abnormal thickness data map and the superimposed seismic fault attribute plan view to obtain a superimposed plan view; determine the fault stage of the target area according to the superimposed plan view.

7. The fault stage change determination method according to claim 6, wherein, determining the fault stage of the target area according to the superimposed plan view includes: Determine the early fault area as the area on the superimposed plan view with only the first color; Determine the area on the superimposed plan view where the first color, the second color, and the third color exist simultaneously as the middle fault area or the late fault area.

8. The fault stage change determination method according to claim 7, wherein, determining the area on the superimposed plan view where the first color, the second color, and the third color exist simultaneously as the middle fault area or the late fault area includes: Determine the area on the superimposed plan view where the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color exist simultaneously as the middle fault area; Determine the area on the superimposed plan view where only the first color, the second color, and the third color exist simultaneously as the late fault area.

9. A fault stage change determination device, wherein, comprising: An acquisition module for acquiring the fault stage activity data corresponding to the target area and the seismic data volume of the target area; The fault stage activity data includes the number of fault deformation activities and the characteristics of fault deformation activities; A selection module for selecting a plurality of target layer positions for reflecting the tectonic deformation of fault activities according to the seismic data volume of the target area, the number of fault deformation activities, and the characteristics of fault deformation activities; A generation module for generating the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the plurality of target layer positions and the height data of the plurality of target layer positions based on the seismic data volume of the target area; A determination module for determining the fault stage change characteristics of the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the plurality of target layer positions and the height data of the plurality of target layer positions.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, wherein, when the instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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