High-power microwave alarm method and system based on infrared imaging and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power microwave alarm method and system based on infrared imaging and a medium. The method comprises the steps that the temperature difference before and after high-power microwave irradiation is calculated according to the heat balance temperature of a unit pixel point of a wave-absorbing material and the initial temperature of the material; calculating the conversion heat of the wave-absorbing material to the high-power microwaves according to the temperature difference before and after irradiation of the high-power microwaves; determining a reflection coefficient of the wave-absorbing material; calculating high-power microwave energy according to the conversion heat of the wave-absorbing material to the high-power microwave and the reflection coefficient of the wave-absorbing material; and determining power density according to the high-power microwave energy, and giving an alarm according to the power density. The infrared image of the wave-absorbing material is rapidly obtained based on the infrared imaging technology, the energy of the wave-absorbing material is calculated based on the infrared image, then the power density is obtained, the existence of the high-power microwaves is judged according to the power density, and then alarming, high timeliness and accuracy and wide application scenes are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of HPM signal detection, and more specifically, relates to a high-power microwave warning method, system and medium based on infrared imaging. Background Art

[0002] Infrared imaging technology is a high-tech with broad prospects. Electromagnetic waves longer than 0.78 microns are located outside the red of the visible light spectrum and are called infrared rays, also known as infrared radiation. It refers to electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 0.78 to 1000 microns, among which the part with wavelengths from 0.78 to 2.0 microns is called near-infrared, and the part with wavelengths from 2.0 to 1000 microns is called thermal infrared.

[0003] Infrared thermal imaging technology refers to using an infrared detector and an optical imaging objective lens to receive the infrared radiation energy distribution pattern of the measured target and reflect it onto the photosensitive element of the infrared detector, thereby obtaining an infrared thermal image, which corresponds to the thermal distribution field on the surface of the object.

[0004] The basic principle of HPM detection and warning technology based on infrared imaging is to utilize the thermal effect phenomenon generated when high-power microwaves irradiate the wave-absorbing material, and detect the energy of HPM through infrared imaging technology, thereby realizing the detection and warning of HPM.

[0005] A wave-absorbing material refers to a type of material that can absorb the electromagnetic wave energy projected onto its surface and has very small reflection, refraction, and scattering. Electromagnetic wave absorbers are classified by conductive loss, dielectric loss, magnetic loss, etc., and can be divided into conductive absorber materials, dielectric absorber materials, and magnetic absorber materials. They mainly use dielectric loss as the loss mechanism. Under the action of an external alternating electric field, the electrons in the material fibers vibrate, converting electromagnetic energy into heat energy and dissipating it.

[0006] Currently, the accuracy of infrared imaging technology has been developed to a very high level, and the accuracy of differentiating temperature differences can reach several percent of a degree Celsius. In addition, since infrared imaging technology belongs to photographic technology, it can complete detection and sampling instantly (the time of the camera shutter), and the detection is rapid. Therefore, how to realize high-power microwave warning based on infrared imaging technology is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention is provided to solve the above problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, a high-power microwave warning method, system and medium based on infrared imaging are needed to realize high-power microwave warning based on infrared imaging technology.

[0008] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging is provided, and the method includes:

[0009] Calculate the temperature difference before and after high-power microwave irradiation based on the thermal equilibrium temperature of the unit pixel of the microwave-absorbing material and the initial temperature of the material;

[0010] Calculate the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the microwave-absorbing material according to the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation;

[0011] Determine the reflection coefficient of the microwave-absorbing material;

[0012] Calculate the high-power microwave energy according to the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the microwave-absorbing material and the reflection coefficient of the microwave-absorbing material;

[0013] Determine the power density according to the high-power microwave energy, and issue an alarm according to the power density.

[0014] Further, calculate the temperature difference ΔT before and after high-power microwave irradiation through the following formula:

[0015] ΔT = T1 - T0

[0016] Wherein, T1 is the thermal equilibrium temperature of the unit pixel of the microwave-absorbing material, and T0 is the initial temperature of the material.

[0017] 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the converted heat Q of the high-power microwave by the microwave-absorbing material is calculated through the following formula:

[0018] Q = ΔT * m * c

[0019] Wherein, m is the material mass of the microwave-absorbing material, and c is the specific heat capacity of the microwave-absorbing material.

[0020] Further, determine the reflection coefficient η of the microwave-absorbing material through the following formula:

[0021] η = (Z i - Z 0 ) / (Z i + Z 0 )

[0022]

[0023] Wherein, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of free space, Z i is the normalized input impedance of the microwave-absorbing material, μ 0 and ε 0 are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of free space respectively, μ i and ε i are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of the material respectively.

[0024] Further, calculate the high-power microwave energy W through the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Wherein, W 吸 is the energy that enters the absorbing material part when electromagnetic waves with an impedance of Z 0 are incident on the interface of the absorbing material with an input impedance of Z i through free space. ρ is the density of the absorbing material, S is the irradiation area of the high-power microwave strong field on the absorbing material, and h is the thickness of the absorbing material.

[0027] According to the second technical solution of the present invention, a high-power microwave warning system based on infrared imaging is provided. The system includes:

[0028] An HPM signal receiving unit, which is used to receive and transmit HPM signals;

[0029] An electromagnetic wave absorbing unit, which is connected to the HPM signal receiving unit and is used to convert the electromagnetic energy of the HPM signal into thermal energy;

[0030] An infrared imaging unit, which is used to image the thermal infrared signals of the electromagnetic wave absorbing unit;

[0031] An image signal processing unit, which is connected to the infrared imaging unit and is configured to: calculate the temperature difference before and after high-power microwave irradiation according to the thermal equilibrium temperature of the absorbing material per pixel and the initial temperature of the material; calculate the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the absorbing material according to the temperature difference before and after high-power microwave irradiation; determine the reflection coefficient of the absorbing material; calculate the high-power microwave energy according to the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the absorbing material and the reflection coefficient of the absorbing material; determine the power density according to the high-power microwave energy;

[0032] An alarm unit, which is connected to the image signal processing unit and is configured to give an alarm according to the power density.

[0033] Further, the image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the temperature difference ΔT before and after high-power microwave irradiation through the following formula:

[0034] ΔT = T1 - T0

[0035] Wherein, T1 is the thermal equilibrium temperature of the absorbing material per pixel, and T0 is the initial temperature of the material.

[0036] Further, the image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the converted heat Q of the high-power microwave by the absorbing material through the following formula:

[0037] Q = ΔT * m * c

[0038] Wherein, m is the mass of the absorbing material, and c is the specific heat capacity of the absorbing material.

[0039] Further, the image signal processing unit is further configured to determine the reflection coefficient η of the wave-absorbing material by the following formula:

[0040] η = (Z i - Z 0 ) / (Z i + Z 0 )

[0041]

[0042] where Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of free space, Z i is the normalized input impedance of the wave-absorbing material, μ 0 and ε 0 are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of free space respectively, and μ i and ε i are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of the material respectively.

[0043] According to the third technical solution of the present invention, there is provided a readable storage medium storing one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the method as described above.

[0044] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0045] Based on infrared imaging technology, the present invention quickly obtains the infrared image of the wave-absorbing material, calculates the energy of the wave-absorbing material based on the infrared image, and then obtains the power density. According to the power density, the presence of high-power microwave is judged, and then an alarm is realized. It is an efficient and accurate HPM detection technology with high timeliness and accuracy, and has a wide range of application scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 FIG. shows an application scenario schematic diagram of a high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 FIG. shows a flowchart of a high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 FIG. shows a structural diagram of a high-power microwave warning system based on infrared imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 FIG. shows another structural diagram of a high-power microwave warning system based on infrared imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0050] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but it is not a limitation to the present invention. For the various steps described herein, if there is no necessity for a sequential relationship between them, the order in which they are described as examples herein should not be regarded as a limitation. Those skilled in the art should know that they can be adjusted in order as long as the logic between them is not destroyed and the entire process cannot be realized.

[0051] Figure 1 Fig. shows an application scenario of a high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, the application scenario includes a detection receiving antenna 101, a radio frequency cable 102, an HPM signal absorption detection unit 103, an infrared imaging module 104, and a processor 105. The high-power microwave signal is received by the detection receiving antenna 101, and the received HPM signal is transmitted to the HPM signal absorption detection unit 103 through the radio frequency cable 102; the HPM signal absorption detection unit 103 uses a non-linear (non-single-valued) medium as an absorbing material plate for high-power microwave power detection. As an absorbing device for high-power microwaves, this absorbing material utilizes the principle that when an electromagnetic field generates relaxation loss in a non-linear medium and part of the electromagnetic energy is irreversibly converted into heat energy, to convert the microwave electromagnetic energy of the HPM signal into heat energy; after the absorbing material plate absorbs high-power microwave energy, it will generate a heating effect, resulting in the heating and temperature rise of the absorbing material under high-power microwave irradiation, and the temperature rise amplitude is positively correlated with the irradiation power it receives. By using the infrared imaging module 104 to perform instantaneous thermal imaging on the absorbing material, and then using the processor 105 to process the thermal imaging diagram to achieve the detection and warning of the HPM signal.

[0052] To prevent the damage of the HPM signal to the infrared imaging probe device, an anti-microwave radiation glass is placed at the lens of the thermal imaging probe. This glass can transmit infrared rays, so that the thermal imaging probe can work normally and be protected from microwave radiation damage, and it can be seen in its thermal imaging picture through material differences and shape characteristics.

[0053] Based on the above application scenario, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging. This method can be implemented by the Figure 1 processor 105 therein. The basic working principle of this method is as follows:

[0054] The high-power microwave irradiates the microwave absorbing material plate, and the high-power microwave energy is W = Pt, where P is the power of the high-power microwave irradiated on the microwave absorbing plate and t is the irradiation time. Then Q = ηW = ηPt; where Q is the absorbed heat and η is the absorption efficiency; the temperature of the microwave absorbing material plate rises due to the absorption of high-power microwave energy, and the temperature of the microwave absorbing material plate remains unchanged when it is not irradiated by the high-power microwave. Then the temperature difference formed by the microwave absorbing material plate when irradiated and not irradiated by the high-power microwave is Δt = Q / (m*c), where m is the mass of the material of the detected microwave absorbing material plate and c is the specific heat capacity of the microwave absorbing material; this temperature difference is also the temperature difference of the microwave absorbing material plate before and after being irradiated by the high-power microwave.

[0055] Figure 2 The flowchart of a high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, as Figure 2 shown, the high-power microwave warning method based on infrared imaging includes the following steps:

[0056] Step S100, calculate the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation according to the thermal equilibrium temperature of the unit pixel point of the microwave absorbing material and the initial temperature of the material.

[0057] Specifically, calculate the temperature difference (i.e., the initial temperature of the unit pixel) between the thermal equilibrium temperature (T1) of the unit pixel point of the microwave absorbing material and the initial temperature (T0) of the material, that is, the temperature difference ΔT before and after the high-power microwave irradiation:

[0058] ΔT = T1 - T0

[0059] Step S200, calculate the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the microwave absorbing material according to the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation.

[0060] Specifically, calculate the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the microwave absorbing material:

[0061] Q = ΔT * m * c

[0062] where m is the mass of the material of the microwave absorbing material plate and c is the specific heat capacity of the microwave absorbing material.

[0063] Step S300, determine the reflection coefficient of the microwave absorbing material.

[0064] Specifically, when the electromagnetic wave is incident on the interface of the absorbing material with an input impedance of Z 0 through free space with an impedance of Z i , a part is reflected to space as W 反 due to the impedance mismatch characteristics between air and the material, and another part enters the microwave absorbing material as W 吸 . Assuming that the electromagnetic wave energy reaching the microwave absorbing material is W, then W = W 反 + W 吸 and W 吸= η * W, where η is the reflection coefficient of the wave-absorbing material. The reflection coefficient η of the wave-absorbing material can be expressed by the following formula:

[0065] η = (Z i - Z 0 ) / (Z i + Z 0 )

[0066]

[0067] Where Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of free space, Z i is the normalized input impedance of the wave-absorbing material, μ 0 and ε 0 are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of free space respectively, μ i and ε i are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of the material respectively.

[0068] Step S400: Calculate the high-power microwave energy according to the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the wave-absorbing material and the reflection coefficient of the wave-absorbing material.

[0069] Specifically, assume that all W_abs is converted into heat Q in the wave-absorbing material, Q is measurable, and Q = ΔT * m * c, where m = ρ * v, where ρ is the density of the wave-absorbing material, v = S * h, where S is the irradiation area of the high-power microwave strong field on the wave-absorbing material, and h is the thickness of the wave-absorbing material plate. Then

[0070]

[0071] Step S500: Determine the power density according to the high-power microwave energy and issue an alarm according to the power density.

[0072] Specifically, the ratio between the high-power microwave energy and the mass of the wave-absorbing material is the power density. In the case where the power density has been calculated, determine the corresponding power density threshold according to the HPM signal that needs to be alarmed. If the currently calculated power density exceeds the pre-determined power density threshold, output an alarm signal to indicate the existence of an HPM signal.

[0073] An embodiment of the present invention provides a high-power microwave alarm system based on infrared imaging, as Figure 3 shown. This system includes:

[0074] An HPM signal receiving unit 301, which is used to receive and transmit HPM signals;

[0075] An electromagnetic wave absorption unit 302, which is connected to the HPM signal receiving unit and is used to convert the electromagnetic energy of the HPM signal into heat energy;

[0076] An infrared imaging unit 303 for imaging the thermal infrared signals of the electromagnetic wave absorption unit;

[0077] An image signal processing unit 304, connected to the infrared imaging unit, is configured to: calculate the temperature difference before and after high-power microwave irradiation based on the thermal equilibrium temperature per pixel of the wave-absorbing material and the initial temperature of the material; calculate the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the wave-absorbing material based on the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation; determine the reflection coefficient of the wave-absorbing material; calculate the high-power microwave energy based on the converted heat of the high-power microwave by the wave-absorbing material and the reflection coefficient of the wave-absorbing material; determine the power density based on the high-power microwave energy;

[0078] An alarm unit 305, connected to the image signal processing unit, is configured to give an alarm based on the power density.

[0079] In this embodiment, the HPM signal receiving unit is mainly composed of a receiving antenna and a transmission cable, etc., to realize the functions of receiving and transmitting HPM signals; the electromagnetic wave absorption unit is mainly composed of a cavity for electromagnetic wave transmission and electromagnetic wave absorbing materials arranged on the cross-section of the cavity, etc., and the main purpose is to complete the conversion function of the electromagnetic energy of HPM signals into thermal energy; the infrared imaging unit is mainly used to image the thermal infrared signals of the electromagnetic wave absorption unit, and quickly image the thermal infrared signals when the electromagnetic energy of HPM signals is converted into thermal energy; by performing image signal processing on the thermal infrared signal image obtained by the infrared imaging unit, the radiation energy intensity of the signal is further obtained, the detection of HPM signals is realized, and finally an alarm output is given through the alarm unit.

[0080] In some embodiments, the image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the temperature difference ΔT before and after high-power microwave irradiation through the following formula:

[0081] ΔT = T1 - T0

[0082] where T1 is the thermal equilibrium temperature per pixel of the wave-absorbing material, and T0 is the initial temperature of the material.

[0083] In some embodiments, the image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the converted heat Q of the high-power microwave by the wave-absorbing material through the following formula:

[0084] Q = ΔT * m * c

[0085] where m is the material mass of the wave-absorbing material, and c is the specific heat capacity of the wave-absorbing material.

[0086] In some embodiments, the image signal processing unit is further configured to determine the reflection coefficient η of the wave-absorbing material through the following formula:

[0087] η = (Z i - Z 0 ) / (Z i + Z 0 )

[0088]

[0089] where Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of free space, Z i is the normalized input impedance of the wave-absorbing material, μ 0 and ε 0 are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of free space respectively, and μ i and ε i are the magnetic permeability and permittivity of the material respectively.

[0090] In some embodiments, the image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the high-power microwave energy W by the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] where W 吸 is the energy entering the wave-absorbing material part when electromagnetic waves with impedance Z 0 in free space are incident on the interface of the absorbing material with input impedance Z i , ρ is the density of the wave-absorbing material, S is the irradiation area of the high-power microwave strong field on the wave-absorbing material, and h is the thickness of the wave-absorbing material.

[0093] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, it is another structural schematic diagram of a high-power microwave warning system based on infrared imaging. The system uses four HPM signal receiving units 301 to receive HPM signals from four directions. Each channel respectively receives and performs infrared imaging processing through the electromagnetic wave absorption unit 302 and the infrared imaging unit 303. The image signal processing unit 304 respectively performs comparison processing on the infrared imaging pictures of the four channels, and then outputs a detection warning signal through the warning unit 305, so as to preliminarily determine the direction source of the HPM signal and realize the omnidirectional detection warning of the HPM signal.

[0094] It should be noted that the system described in this embodiment and the method described above belong to the same technical concept and can achieve the same technical effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0095] The embodiment of the present invention provides a readable storage medium, which stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0096] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. For instance, those of ordinary skill in the art may use other embodiments when reading the above description. Additionally, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together to simplify the present invention. This should not be construed as an intention that the features of an unclaimed invention are necessary for any claim. On the contrary, the subject matter of the present invention may be less than all of the features of a particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description by way of example or embodiment, where each claim stands on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments may be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the present invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents to which those claims are entitled.

Claims

1. A high-power microwave alarm method based on infrared imaging, characterized in that: The method comprises: The temperature difference before and after high-power microwave irradiation is calculated based on the thermal equilibrium temperature of the unit pixel of the absorbing material and the initial temperature of the material; Calculating the conversion heat of the absorbing material to the high-power microwaves according to the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation; Determine the reflection coefficient of the absorbing material; The high-power microwave energy is calculated based on the conversion heat of the absorbing material to the high-power microwave and the reflection coefficient of the absorbing material; The power density is determined according to the high-power microwave energy, and an alarm is issued according to the power density.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature difference ΔT before and after high-power microwave irradiation is calculated by the following formula: ΔT=T1-T0 Among them, T1 is the thermal equilibrium temperature per pixel of the absorbing material, and T0 is the initial temperature of the material.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The conversion heat Q of high-power microwaves by the absorbing material is calculated by the following formula: Q=ΔT*m*c Wherein, m is the material mass of the absorbing material, and c is the specific heat capacity of the absorbing material.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reflection coefficient η of the absorbing material is determined by the following formula: η=(Z i -Z0) / (Z i +Z0) Where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of free space, Z i is the normalized input impedance of the absorbing material, μ0 and ε0 are the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of free space respectively, μ i and ε i are the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of the material, respectively.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The high power microwave energy W is calculated by the following formula: Among them, W 吸 The electromagnetic wave is incident on the free space with impedance Z0 and the input impedance Z i When the microwave is on the interface of the absorbing material, the energy entering the absorbing material is, ρ is the density of the absorbing material, S is the irradiation area of ​​the absorbing material by the high-power microwave strong field, and h is the thickness of the absorbing material.

6. A high-power microwave warning system based on infrared imaging, characterized in that: The system comprises: An HPM signal receiving unit, wherein the HPM signal receiving unit is used to receive and transmit the HPM signal; An electromagnetic wave absorbing unit, wherein the electromagnetic wave absorbing unit and the HPM signal receiving unit are used to realize the conversion of electromagnetic energy of the HPM signal into thermal energy; An infrared imaging unit, used for imaging the thermal infrared signal of the electromagnetic wave absorption unit; The image signal processing unit is connected to the infrared imaging unit and is configured to: calculate the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation according to the thermal equilibrium temperature of the unit pixel of the absorbing material and the initial temperature of the material; calculate the conversion heat of the absorbing material to the high-power microwave according to the temperature difference before and after the high-power microwave irradiation; determine the reflection coefficient of the absorbing material; calculate the high-power microwave energy according to the conversion heat of the absorbing material to the high-power microwave and the reflection coefficient of the absorbing material; determine the power density according to the high-power microwave energy; The alarm unit is connected to the image signal processing unit and is configured to issue an alarm according to the power density.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the temperature difference ΔT before and after high-power microwave irradiation by the following formula: ΔT=T1-T0 Among them, T1 is the thermal equilibrium temperature per pixel of the absorbing material, and T0 is the initial temperature of the material.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The image signal processing unit is further configured to calculate the conversion heat Q of the absorbing material to the high-power microwave by the following formula: Q=ΔT*m*c Wherein, m is the material mass of the absorbing material, and c is the specific heat capacity of the absorbing material.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The image signal processing unit is further configured to determine the reflection coefficient η of the absorbing material by the following formula: η=(Z i -Z0) / (Z i +Z0) Where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of free space, Z i is the normalized input impedance of the absorbing material, μ0 and ε0 are the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of free space respectively, μ i and ε i are the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of the material, respectively.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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