Novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of automotive electronics, and particularly relates to a novel voltage reduction circuit for automotive electronics, which comprises a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a triode Q3 and a triode Q5. The novel circuit is simple in design, a complex control algorithm or a large-size magnetic element is not needed, efficient voltage reduction can be achieved only through a small number of elements, and therefore the overall cost and the overall size are reduced. Low static power consumption: the power consumption of the circuit in a light load or standby state is extremely low, the service cycle of an automobile battery is remarkably prolonged, and the circuit is particularly suitable for automobile electronic equipment which is standby for a long time. Compared with a traditional discrete component circuit, the novel circuit has the advantages that the loading capacity and the voltage stability are greatly improved, and the requirements of different automobile electronic devices for the voltage precision and the load can be met. The novel circuit can adjust the output voltage in a wide range, meets the requirements of various automobile electronic devices, and has high universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automotive electronics, and particularly to a novel buck circuit for automotive electronics. Background Art

[0002] In automotive electronics design, bucking voltage is a very common and crucial issue. The operating voltage of an automotive battery is usually 12V or 24V, while the operating voltages of actual electronic devices such as sensors, controllers, and communication modules are often much lower than the battery voltage. This requires a buck circuit to convert the high voltage into the low voltage required by the devices. However, traditional buck solutions have their limitations in practical applications and are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high reliability, low power consumption, and simplified design in automotive electronics.

[0003] The traditional BUCK circuit is a common bucking method that can efficiently convert the input voltage into a stable output voltage. It works in cooperation with magnetic components (such as inductors and transformers) through switch control and has relatively high efficiency. However, the complexity of the BUCK circuit is relatively high. It not only requires the design of magnetic components but also needs to be combined with software algorithms for control. Especially in the automotive electronics environment, extreme conditions such as vibration and temperature changes pose challenges to the reliability of magnetic components, and the implementation of software algorithms also increases the development and maintenance costs. In addition, due to the strong dynamic characteristics of the BUCK circuit, under light load or no-load conditions, problems such as excessive static power consumption or unstable output may occur.

[0004] Another traditional bucking method is a circuit built with discrete components. For example, bucking voltage is achieved through the combination of a triode and a voltage regulator diode. The advantage of such a circuit lies in its simple structure and low cost, but its disadvantages are also very obvious. Due to the limitations of the operating principles of the triode and the voltage regulator diode, its load-carrying capacity is insufficient, and the fluctuation of the output voltage is relatively large, making it difficult to meet the requirements of automotive electronic devices for high-precision voltage. In addition, when the load current is relatively large, the triode may generate overheating problems due to excessive power consumption, affecting the stability of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel buck circuit for automotive electronics to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A novel buck circuit for automotive electronics, comprising: Triode Q1, triode Q2, triode Q3, triode Q5; Among them, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the base of the triode Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R5 and one end of the resistor R7, and the collector of the triode Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R6, and the emitter of the triode Q1. The connection point of the emitter of the triode Q1, the resistor R5, and the resistor R6 is node 1; The other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R6, and the collector of the triode Q4 are connected to the power supply terminal; The collector of the triode Q4 is also connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the collector of the triode Q5. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the collector of the triode Q1 and the base of the triode Q3. The connection point of the resistor R4, the collector of the triode Q1, and the base of the triode Q3 is node 2; The emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to the base of the triode Q5, and the connection point of the emitter of the triode Q3 and the base of the triode Q5 is node 4; The base of the triode Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R13. The other end of the resistor R13 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the resistor R8. The connection point of the resistor R13, the resistor R9, and the resistor R8 is node 3. The other end of the resistor R8 is grounded; The emitter of the triode Q5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9, one end of the capacitor C1, and one end of the resistor R2. The connection point of the emitter of the triode Q5 and the resistor R9 is node 5. The other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the resistor R2 are connected and grounded.

[0007] Preferably, the triode Q3 and the triode Q5 form a Darlington circuit.

[0008] Preferably, the Darlington circuit and the triode Q1 form a negative feedback circuit.

[0009] Preferably, the resistance value of the resistor R2 is 100Ω, the resistance value of the resistor R9 is 161kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R8 is 10kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R13 is 1kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 100kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 100kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 100kΩ, and the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 100kΩ.

[0010] Preferably, the capacitance of the capacitor C1 is 10UF.

[0011] Preferably, the resistor R2 is a variable resistor, and the variable curve type of the potentiometer of the resistor R2 is an A-type potentiometer.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Simple circuit structure and few components: The new circuit design is streamlined and does not require complex control algorithms or large-sized magnetic components. It can achieve efficient buck conversion relying only on a small number of components, thus reducing the overall cost and volume.

[0013] Low static power consumption: The power consumption of this circuit is extremely low under light load or standby conditions, significantly extending the service life of automotive batteries, especially suitable for automotive electronic devices with long standby times.

[0014] High stability and strong load-carrying capacity: Compared with traditional discrete-component circuits, the new circuit has greatly improved load-carrying capacity and voltage stability, meeting the requirements of different automotive electronic devices for voltage accuracy and load.

[0015] Wide adaptability: The new circuit can adjust the output voltage within a wide range, adapting to the needs of various automotive electronic devices and having high versatility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is the circuit schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the simulation waveform diagram of the voltage of the present invention from 18V to 32V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] Hereinafter, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1. Please refer to Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A new buck circuit for automotive electronics, comprising: Transistor Q1, transistor Q2, transistor Q3, transistor Q5; Among them, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the base of the triode Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R5 and one end of the resistor R7, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R6, and the emitter of the triode Q1, and the connection point of the emitter of the triode Q1, the resistor R5, and the resistor R6 is node 1; the other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R6, and the collector of the triode Q4 are connected to the power supply terminal; the collector of the triode Q4 is also connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the collector of the triode Q5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the collector of the triode Q1 and the base of the triode Q3, and the connection point of the resistor R4, the collector of the triode Q1, and the base of the triode Q3 is node 2; the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to the base of the triode Q5, and the connection point of the emitter of the triode Q3 and the base of the triode Q5 is node 4; the base of the triode Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the resistor R8, and the connection point of the resistor R13, the resistor R9, and the resistor R8 is node 3, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded; the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9, one end of the capacitor C1, and one end of the resistor R2, and the connection point of the emitter of the triode Q5 and the resistor R9 is node 5, and the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the resistor R2 are connected and grounded.

[0020] The triode Q3 and the triode Q5 form a Darlington circuit. The Darlington circuit and the triode Q1 form a negative feedback circuit. The resistance value of the resistor R2 is 100Ω, the resistance value of the resistor R9 is 161kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R8 is 10kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R13 is 1kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 100kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 100kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 100kΩ, and the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 100kΩ. The capacitance of the capacitor C1 is 10UF. The resistor R2 is a variable resistor, and the variable curve type of the potentiometer of the resistor R2 is an A-type potentiometer.

[0021] In the automotive electronic system, providing stable voltage is crucial for key components such as the MCU and MOSFET drivers. The circuit of this solution utilizes the characteristics of triodes and achieves stable voltage output through a delicate topology, which can well adapt to the complex and changeable battery operating environment in the automotive electronic system. Its circuit structure is simple and only requires a small number of components to complete the buck function, thus significantly reducing the material cost and design complexity. At the same time, the output voltage of this circuit is stable and can maintain extremely small voltage fluctuations under different load conditions, providing reliable power supply for sensitive components such as the MCU and MOSFET drivers. In addition, this circuit has a strong load-carrying capacity and can support a large load current to meet the high-power power supply requirements of automotive electronic devices. Its low-power design also effectively extends the service life of automotive batteries and improves the efficiency and reliability of the entire vehicle system.

[0022] When the automotive system is connected to the power supply, this buck circuit will quickly start and enter the normal operating state. The triode Q2 is in the conducting state in the circuit, and the voltage at node 1 is stable, serving as a key node to maintain the circuit stability and providing a basis for the precise control of the subsequent circuit. The triode Q3 and the triode Q5 form a Darlington circuit to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the circuit through the high-gain characteristic. When the output voltage increases, the voltage at node 3 decreases, the current flowing through the triode Q1 becomes smaller, so the voltage drop across the resistor R4 becomes smaller, so the voltage at node 2 increases, the current flowing through the triode Q3 increases, so the current flowing through node 5 increases, and at this time the output voltage will also increase. This improves the stability of the output of this circuit. This circuit requires the input voltage to be greater than the output voltage by 4V and can support a load current exceeding 5A. This enables it to easily meet the high-power requirements of modern automotive electronic devices.

[0023] Compared with the traditional solution, this buck circuit shows significant advantages in terms of materials and costs. Through the streamlined triode design and reasonable component selection, the use requirements of magnetic components and complex controllers are greatly reduced, thus significantly reducing the production cost. At the same time, the circuit structure is simple and easy to implement, reducing the complexity of design and manufacturing, which is conducive to large-scale mass production applications.

[0024] In summary, this new type of buck circuit not only meets the high standards of modern automotive electronics in terms of performance but also reduces the material cost and maintenance complexity through optimized design. It can provide high stability and high performance in extreme environments, providing an excellent solution for the long life and high reliability of automotive electronic devices, and has broad application prospects and market value. This patent proposes a new type of buck circuit based on triodes, which solves many technical problems of traditional buck circuits in automotive electronic applications through innovative circuit structures and optimized designs. Its key innovation points and points to be protected mainly focus on the following three aspects: Efficient and stable voltage regulation mechanism The circuit forms a core control node through the conduction of transistor Q2 and the stable voltage (628 mV) at the emitter of transistor Q1. Combining with the Darlington circuit composed of transistor Q3 and transistor Q5, it realizes high-precision regulation of the output voltage. When the output voltage fluctuates, the negative feedback mechanism composed of transistor Q1 and the Darlington circuit can quickly respond and correct the circuit state, ensuring that the output voltage is always maintained at a stable 12V. This innovative design effectively avoids the voltage instability problem caused by load fluctuations in traditional circuits and meets the requirements of modern automotive electronic devices for high-precision voltage.

[0025] Powerful load-carrying capacity and wide input voltage adaptation range The patented circuit can operate stably within a wide input voltage range of 16V to 32V and support a load current of more than 5A. This high load-carrying capacity significantly improves the practicality and adaptability of the circuit and can provide sufficient energy reserves for high-power scenarios such as MOSFET drive and 12V system power supply. This characteristic enables the circuit to meet the requirements of various automotive electronic devices, far superior to traditional discrete component circuits and some BUCK solutions.

[0026] Simplified circuit structure and low-cost design The circuit uses 4 transistors to build the core circuit, making full use of the characteristics of transistors without complex magnetic components or control algorithms, thus significantly simplifying the circuit structure and reducing material costs and manufacturing complexity. Compared with traditional BUCK circuits or zener diode solutions, this circuit is extremely economical while ensuring high performance, providing a better solution for the large-scale application of automotive electronic systems. The innovation points of this patent are mainly reflected in the comprehensive advantages of stability, load-carrying capacity and low cost, and are applicable to various application scenarios of modern automotive electronics. By protecting these key designs, this patent can ensure a leading position in the field of buck circuit technology and has broad market promotion value.

[0027] First of all, the circuit uses 4 transistors to build the core structure. Through the Darlington circuit composed of transistor Q3 and transistor Q5 and the negative feedback mechanism of transistor Q1, it realizes high-precision regulation of the output voltage. When the input voltage is 4V greater than the output voltage, the output voltage can be stabilized, effectively meeting the requirements of automotive electronic devices for high-precision voltage. This design can quickly respond to voltage changes and suppress fluctuations, significantly improving the reliability of the power supply system.

[0028] Secondly, the powerful load-carrying capacity of the circuit is another major technological breakthrough. The circuit can support a load current of more than 5A, providing stable power supply for high-power scenarios such as MOSFET drive and 12V system power supply. This achievement far exceeds traditional discrete component solutions in terms of load-carrying capacity and voltage stability, enhancing the adaptability and practicality of the circuit.

[0029] In addition, the structure of this circuit is simple and does not require complex magnetic components and control algorithms, greatly reducing the material cost and design difficulty. This achievement fully reflects the balance of technological innovation in simplifying design and optimizing performance, and is particularly suitable for the mass production and application of automotive electronic systems. The simulation waveforms of the voltage from 18V to 32V are as Figure 2 .

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0031] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics, characterized in that: include: Transistor Q1, transistor Q2, transistor Q3, transistor Q5; The emitter of the transistor Q2 is grounded, the base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R5 and one end of the resistor R7, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R6, and the emitter of the transistor Q1, and the connection point of the emitter of the transistor Q1, the resistor R5, and the resistor R6 is a node 1; The other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R6, and the collector of the transistor Q4 are connected to the power supply end; The collector of the transistor Q4 is also connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the collector of the transistor Q5, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1 and the base of the transistor Q3, and the connection point of the resistor R4, the collector of the transistor Q1 and the base of the transistor Q3 is a node 2; The emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to the base of the transistor Q5, and the connection point between the emitter of the transistor Q3 and the base of the transistor Q5 is a node 4; The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the resistor R8, and the connection point of the resistors R13, R9 and R8 is a node 3, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded; The emitter of the transistor Q5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9, one end of the capacitor C1, and one end of the resistor R2, and the connection point between the emitter of the transistor Q5 and the resistor R9 is a node 5. The other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the resistor R2 are connected and grounded.

2. The novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transistor Q3 and the transistor Q5 form a Darlington circuit.

3. The novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The Darlington circuit and the transistor Q1 form a negative feedback circuit.

4. The novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The resistance value of the resistor R2 is 100Ω, the resistance value of the resistor R9 is 161kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R8 is 10kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R13 is 1kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 100kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 100kΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 100kΩ, and the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 100kΩ.

5. The novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The capacity of the capacitor C1 is 10UF.

6. The novel step-down circuit for automotive electronics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The resistor R2 is a variable resistor, and the variable curve type of the resistor R2 potentiometer is an A-type potentiometer.

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