Method for artificially promoting formation of biological soil crust under photovoltaic array for ecological restoration

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration. A spraying module, a shading module, a moisturizing module and an intelligent control system are included. The biological promoter specially used for promoting the formation of the biological soil crust comprises nutritional ingredients, bioactive substances, stress resistance factors and a micro-ecological regulator. By using the accelerant and the device, an appropriate microenvironment condition is provided, rapid growth of biological soil crust such as algae, lichen and moss is promoted, the growth activity and colonization ability of the biological soil crust can be remarkably improved, the forming speed of the biological soil crust is increased, and meanwhile, the rapid formation of the biological soil crust is promoted by transplanting the rapidly formed biological soil crust. The colonization range of the biological soil crust is further expanded. The accelerant and the device are not only suitable for severe environments such as drought and saline-alkali soil, but also can be widely applied to various ecological restoration projects such as wind prevention and sand fixation and vegetation planting in desertification regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for artificially promoting the formation of biological soil crusts under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions is a key issue in global ecological restoration. At the same time, desertification and land degradation are also important environmental problems faced globally. Biological Soil Crusts refer to a very complex surface cover formed by cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, mosses, and microorganisms through mycelia, rhizoids, and secretions, etc., which cement with soil surface particles. As pioneer species for vegetation restoration, biological soil crusts have ecological functions such as fixing soil, reducing soil erosion, and promoting plant settlement. Biological soil crusts are a natural soil cover that can effectively prevent soil erosion, improve soil water and nutrient retention capacity, and promote plant growth. In the prior art, the technical solutions applying the above concepts are disclosed in the patent publication numbers CN116944232A and CN116037638B.

[0003] Among them, under the photovoltaic array, due to the shading effect of the photovoltaic panels, the microclimate below them is improved, making it easier for biological soil crusts to colonize. However, the natural formation process of biological crusts is relatively slow, especially in harsh environments (such as drought, high salinity, etc.), and their growth is severely restricted, unable to meet the needs of rapid ecological environment restoration. In order to accelerate the ecological restoration process, there is an urgent need for a technology and device that can accelerate the cultivation of biological soil crusts in the field environment, which can not only adapt to the harsh climate conditions in the field but also efficiently and low-costly promote the growth of crusts. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a technology that can enable the rapid formation of biological soil crusts, so that the biological soil crusts can rapidly expand, and thus have wide applications in the fields of ecological restoration, soil improvement, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially promoting the formation of biological soil crusts under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration, which promotes the formation of biological soil crusts under the photovoltaic array and is used in the technical field of ecological restoration, and is applicable to the ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for artificially promoting the formation of biological soil crusts under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration, including a spraying module for spraying a soil crust promoter, a shading module for adjusting the light in the soil crust area, a humidity maintaining module for adjusting the humidity in the soil crust area, and an intelligent control system for controlling the spraying module, shading module, and humidity maintaining module.

[0006] Further in this embodiment, the soil crust promoter is a liquid spraying agent or a slow-release carrier; wherein the soil crust promoter includes nutrient components, bioactive substances, stress resistance factors, bacterial symbiotic communities, fillers or carriers; The nutrient components include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as well as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc; the bioactive substances are biohormones that promote the growth of microorganisms; the stress resistance factors include drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant resistance proteins and antioxidants; the bacterial symbiotic communities are mycorrhizal fungi or endophytes that promote symbiosis; the fillers or carriers include natural minerals.

[0007] Further in this embodiment, the spraying module includes a liquid storage tank for storing the soil crust promoter, a nozzle communicated with the inside of the liquid storage tank through a delivery pipe, and a delivery pump arranged on the pipeline of the delivery pipe; wherein a stirring mechanism and a liquid level indicator are arranged in the liquid storage tank; a pressure regulating valve is also arranged on the pipeline of the delivery pipe; the nozzle is a porous atomizing nozzle or a rotary nozzle; wherein the delivery pump is controlled by a controller.

[0008] Further in this embodiment, the shading module includes a bracket arranged above the soil crust area, a shading layer arranged on the bracket, and a shading adjustment system for adjusting the opening and closing of the shading layer; wherein the shading layer is a shading cloth or a reflective aluminum foil; the shading adjustment system includes a slide rail or a reel arranged on the bracket, and an adjustment shaft limitedly arranged in the slide rail or on the reel; wherein the adjustment shaft is connected with the shading layer.

[0009] Further in this embodiment, the moisturizing module includes a spraying system, a water circulation system, and an automatic humidity control system; Wherein the spraying system includes a fine mist nozzle or an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle arranged on the bracket and below the shading layer, and a water pipe communicated with the water circulation system; The water circulation system includes a water storage tank, a water pump, and the water pipe.

[0010] Further in this embodiment, the automatic humidity control system includes a controller for controlling the water pump, and a humidity sensor for feeding back real-time air humidity data to the controller.

[0011] Further in this embodiment, the moisturizing module further includes a heating module; the heating module includes a housing arranged on the bracket, a heating element arranged in the housing, and a temperature control system and a power supply system for controlling the heating element; the heating element is a ceramic heating sheet or a carbon fiber heating wire; the temperature control system includes a temperature sensor and a control panel; the power supply system is a photovoltaic power generation system or a wind power generation system.

[0012] Further in this embodiment, the spraying module, the moisturizing module, and the intelligent control system are modularly designed on the support platform; the support platform includes a trailer, a drone, and a photovoltaic array for large-area spraying or centralized treatment.

[0013] Further in this embodiment, the intelligent control system monitors the environmental data of soil temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity in real time through sensors, and automatically adjusts the spraying amount of the promoter and the opening time of the moisturizing and shading layers to ensure the most suitable environment for the growth of biological soil crusts.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Accelerate the formation of biological soil crusts: Through efficient nutrient supplementation and microbial regulation, the promoter can significantly shorten the formation time of biological soil crusts.

[0015] 2. Rapidly expand the colonization range: Utilize the accelerated-growing biological soil crusts, select and transplant them to uncolonized plots at fixed points, and use this device for rapid propagation.

[0016] 3. Improve the stability of biological soil crusts: Enhance the stress resistance of biological soil crusts, improve their drought tolerance, salt tolerance and other properties, so that they can still grow stably in harsh environments.

[0017] 4. Multifunctional ecological restoration: The promoter can not only accelerate the formation of biological soil crusts, but also improve soil conditions, with multiple ecological benefits such as sand fixation, water conservation, and soil improvement.

[0018] 5. Wide adaptability: The device can adapt to a variety of extreme environments, such as arid, cold or strong wind areas, and is applicable to different desertified or degraded lands around the world. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spraying module, the shading and moisturizing module, and the heating module; Figure 2 Execution block diagram for rapidly expanding the colonization range using biological soil crusts. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0021] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a method for artificially promoting the formation of biological soil crusts under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration is provided; the design method of this example includes: 1. Microbial promoter 1) Main components of the promoter: Nutrient components: Contain major nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, providing sufficient nutrients for the microorganisms in the biological soil crust and promoting their reproduction and metabolism. Specific usage: Urea (nitrogen source), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (phosphorus and potassium source), potassium sulfate (potassium source), zinc sulfate (zinc trace element), ferrous sulfate (iron trace element), with a proportion of about 20%.

[0022] At the same time, adding organic substances helps to improve the soil structure, enhance the water-holding capacity of the soil, and promote the colonization of microorganisms in harsh environments. Specific usage: Humic acid and fulvic acid can improve the soil structure and promote microbial activity, with a proportion of about 10%; Organic matter additives such as straw powder and lignin are used to increase the organic matter content and adsorb water, with a proportion of about 5%.

[0023] Bioactive substances: Add biological hormones that can promote the growth of microorganisms such as cyanobacteria to accelerate the cell division and expansion of the biological soil crust. Specific usage: Gibberellin, cytokinin, gibberellin. At the same time, polysaccharide substances such as algal polysaccharides and chitosan are used to improve the microbial activity and the stability of the formation of the crust, with a proportion of about 3%.

[0024] Stress resistance factors: Contain drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant resistance proteins and antioxidants. Specific usage: Seaweed extract, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), drought-resistant protein, which can enhance the survival ability of the biological soil crust in harsh environments. At the same time, stress-resistant small molecule compounds are added to help the biological soil crust cope with environmental stress and enhance its drought and salt resistance. Specific usage: Such as proline and betaine. The proportion is about 3%.

[0025] Bacterial symbiotic community: Contain mycorrhizal fungi or endophytes that promote symbiosis, balance the microbial community, promote the synergistic effect of the microbial population, enhance the stability and growth rate of the biological soil crust, and thus form a stable biological soil crust faster. Specific usage: Beneficial bacterial community regulator (containing lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, etc.) to help maintain the balance and diversity of the microbial community; Mycorrhizal fungal spores or endophytes to enhance the ecological adaptability and symbiosis of the crust. The proportion is about 3%.

[0026] The rest are fillers or carriers. Natural minerals (zeolite, bentonite, etc.) or other matrices (wood fiber, straw, etc.) are selected for slow release and to maintain stability, with a proportion of up to 40 - 60%.

[0027] 2) Form carrier of the promoter: Liquid spray agent: Made into a liquid solution, suitable for large-area spraying by mechanical equipment, directly acting on the surface biological crust to accelerate its growth.

[0028] Sustained-release carrier: The active ingredients in the promoter can be sustained-release treated through biodegradable materials to ensure the continuous supply of bioactive substances under long-term action.

[0029] 3) Application methods of the promoter: Direct spraying method: At the initial stage of biological soil crust cultivation, directly spray the liquid solution of the promoter to help it colonize quickly and form the initial biological soil crust structure. After the biological soil crust has been initially formed, supplement the necessary nutrients and active factors in a timely manner to further accelerate the expansion of the biological soil crust.

[0030] Matrix mixing method: In harsh environments such as desertified land and saline-alkali land, mix the promoter with substrates such as wood fibers and straws, and lay them on the ground surface, which can not only provide nutritional support but also improve the water retention capacity and optimize the growth environment of the biological soil crust.

[0031] Microbial promoter device: Spraying module: The device is equipped with an integrated spraying system that can evenly spray the biological soil crust promoter (containing suitable microbial species, nutrients, and water) to provide the necessary conditions for the growth of microorganisms.

[0032] Specific assembly structure: 1) Liquid storage tank: Material: High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or stainless steel, which can be corrosion-resistant.

[0033] Capacity: 10 - 100L, adjustable according to the application scenario requirements.

[0034] Design: With a sealed cover and a liquid level indicator to ensure that the liquid does not leak during transportation and operation. An internal stirring device is provided to prevent precipitation.

[0035] 2) Pressurizing device: Type: Electric pump pressurizing system, equipped with a pressure regulating valve.

[0036] Function: Provide sufficient pressure to push the liquid, and control the liquid spraying distance through different pressures, and transport it to the nozzle through the pipeline.

[0037] Power: 100W - 1kW according to the scale.

[0038] 3) Infusion pipeline: Material: Flexible plastic pipe or rubber pipe, pressure-resistant and chemically corrosion-resistant.

[0039] Diameter: 25mm to ensure smooth flow.

[0040] 4) Nozzle: Type: Porous atomizing nozzle or rotary nozzle to provide evenly distributed spray.

[0041] Material: Stainless steel or ceramic, to prevent corrosion and blockage.

[0042] Adjustment function: The spraying angle and flow rate can be adjusted.

[0043] 5) Control system: Electric control panel: Adjust the spraying speed, pressure and angle.

[0044] Automation options: Preset spraying modes and timed spraying functions.

[0045] This spraying module can be used for spraying biological crust promoters on large areas of saline-alkali land or desertified land, which helps to improve the spraying efficiency and ensure uniform coverage.

[0046] Light-shielding and moisturizing module: To protect the survival of microorganisms under extreme conditions, the device is designed with an adjustable light-shielding and moisturizing layer, which can adjust the light and humidity in extreme sunlight or drought situations.

[0047] Specific assembly structure: 1) Light-shielding layer: Material: High-strength light-shielding cloth, reflective aluminum foil.

[0048] Light transmittance: 50 - 80%, adjustable according to needs.

[0049] Features: Waterproof, UV-resistant, long service life.

[0050] 2) Bracket system: Material: Aluminum alloy, with a lightweight and stable structure.

[0051] Structural form: Frame or suspension design, facilitating quick installation and disassembly.

[0052] 3) Light-shielding adjustment system: Slide rail or reel: Can automatically control the opening and closing of the light-shielding layer.

[0053] Motor: Used for automatically retracting and unfolding the light-shielding cloth, and cooperating with timed control or light sensors for automatic adjustment.

[0054] 4) Moisturizing layer: Spray system: Fine mist nozzles or ultrasonic atomizing nozzles, evenly distributed, capable of generating fine water mist.

[0055] Arrangement method: Evenly distributed inside the bracket or light-shielding module to ensure coverage of the entire area.

[0056] Material: Corrosion-resistant plastic or stainless steel.

[0057] Moisturizing material: Plastic film, used to improve the moisturizing effect and reduce water evaporation.

[0058] 5) Water circulation system: Water pump: A low-noise water pump is used to maintain a constant water pressure.

[0059] Water storage tank: Made of anti-corrosion materials, equipped with a water level monitor and a filling port.

[0060] Pipes: Made of PVC or silicone, pressure-resistant and durable.

[0061] Water recycling device: Can collect excess water, guide the collected water back to the water storage tank, and realize the recycling of water resources.

[0062] 6) Automatic humidity control system: Humidity sensor: Real-time monitoring of air humidity, feeding back data to the controller.

[0063] Controller: Automatically starts or shuts down the spraying system to maintain the preset humidity level.

[0064] This light-shielding and moisture-preserving module can ensure stable operation under various environmental conditions, providing ideal conditions for the growth of biological soil crusts.

[0065] Heating module: Suitable for areas with cold or low-temperature environments. Through the built-in solar heating device, it provides a suitable growth temperature for microorganisms, further accelerating the formation of biological soil crusts.

[0066] Specific assembly structure: 1) Heating element: Type: Use ceramic heating sheets or carbon fiber heating wires.

[0067] Material: Stainless steel shell or ceramic, ensuring efficient heat transfer and durability.

[0068] Power: 100W - 1kW, configured according to the module area.

[0069] Arrangement method: Uniformly distributed in the module to ensure uniform heat distribution.

[0070] 2) Thermal insulation layer: Material: Use high-efficiency thermal insulation materials such as polyurethane foam, rock wool, or reflective aluminum foil.

[0071] Thickness: 5 - 20 mm, designed with different thicknesses according to requirements to reduce heat loss.

[0072] Function: Prevent heat from leaking out and improve the heat preservation effect.

[0073] 3) Temperature control system: Temperature sensor: A high-precision sensor detects the internal temperature in real time to ensure that the temperature is stable within the set range.

[0074] Control Panel: It has temperature adjustment and display functions. Users can set the heating temperature and time period to achieve automated control.

[0075] 4) Module Structure: Shell: Made of waterproof and corrosion-resistant plastic or metal materials to ensure long-term use in harsh environments.

[0076] Combined Panel: Modular design for easy installation and maintenance. The heating range can be expanded or reduced as needed.

[0077] Sealing Strip: Installed at the joints to prevent heat and moisture loss.

[0078] 5) Power Supply System: Power Supply: Connected to a photovoltaic solar panel as the main power source to provide continuous power supply. At the same time, a battery pack is provided for emergency use to achieve energy self-sufficiency and ensure continuous heating.

[0079] These structural elements make the insulation module suitable for use in desertified land or other harsh environments to create stable temperature conditions and promote the growth of biological soil crusts or other plants.

[0080] 3. Modular Design: Convenient to Move: The device is modularly designed for easy transportation and installation and can adapt to different terrain conditions. The device can be installed on other platforms such as trailers, drones, and under photovoltaic arrays for large-area spraying or centralized treatment.

[0081] Powered by Renewable Energy: Connected to solar photovoltaic power generation to enable it to operate normally in areas supplied by photovoltaic arrays, enhancing the sustainability of the system.

[0082] 4. Intelligent Control System: The device monitors environmental data such as soil temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity in real time through sensors, and automatically adjusts the spraying amount of the promoter and the opening time of the moisture retention and shading layers to ensure the most suitable environment for the growth of biological soil crusts.

[0083] According to environmental requirements, the modules can work together through preset operation modes: Mode 1: Normal Cultivation Mode Spraying Module: Sprays the biological soil crust promoter at regular intervals.

[0084] Shading and Moisture Retention Module: Automatically adjusts the shading cloth according to the light intensity to keep the humidity within an appropriate range.

[0085] Heating Module: Maintains a suitable temperature to avoid being too cold or too hot.

[0086] Mode 2: High Temperature Weather Mode Spraying Module: Increases the spraying frequency to cool down and provide humidity.

[0087] Light-shielding and humidity-preserving module: The light-shielding cloth is fully unfolded to reduce the light intensity; the humidity-preserving module provides a higher humidity.

[0088] Heating module: Turned off or on standby.

[0089] Mode 3: Cold weather mode Spraying module: Reduce the spraying frequency to avoid over-wetting affecting the microbial activity.

[0090] Light-shielding and humidity-preserving module: Partially shield the light to reduce heat dissipation; reduce the spraying amount of the humidity-preserving module.

[0091] Heating module: Operate at full power to maintain a suitable temperature.

[0092] The above embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificially promoting the formation of biological soil crust under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration, characterized in that: A spray module for spraying a soil crust accelerator, a shading module for adjusting the light in the soil crust area, a moisturizing module for adjusting the humidity in the soil crust area, and an intelligent control system for controlling the spray module, the shading module and the moisturizing module; The soil crust promoter is a liquid spray or a slow-release carrier; wherein the soil crust promoter comprises nutrients, bioactive substances, stress resistance factors, bacterial synergistic communities, fillers or carriers; The moisturizing module also includes a heating module; the heating module includes a shell arranged on a bracket, a heating element arranged in the shell, and a temperature control system and a power supply system for controlling the heating element; The power supply system is a photovoltaic power generation system or a wind power generation system; The spray module, moisturizing module, and intelligent control system are modularly designed on a support platform; the support platform includes a trailer, a drone, and a photovoltaic array, and is used for large-area spraying or centralized management; The intelligent control system monitors the environmental data of soil temperature, humidity, wind speed and light in real time through sensors, and automatically adjusts the spraying amount of the accelerator and the opening time of the moisturizing and shading layers to ensure the most suitable environment for the growth of biological soil crust.

2. The method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc; the bioactive substances are biohormones that promote the growth of microorganisms; the stress resistance factors include drought-resistant and salt-resistant resistance proteins and antioxidants; the bacterial synergistic community is mycorrhizal fungi or endophytes that promote symbiosis; and the filler or carrier includes natural minerals.

3. The method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The injection module includes a liquid storage tank for storing the soil crust promoter, a nozzle connected to the liquid storage tank through a delivery pipe, and a delivery pump arranged on the pipeline of the delivery pipe; wherein a stirring mechanism and a liquid level indicator are arranged in the liquid storage tank; a pressure regulating valve is also arranged on the pipeline of the delivery pipe; the nozzle is a multi-porous atomizing nozzle or a rotating nozzle; wherein the delivery pump is controlled by a controller.

4. The method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shading module includes a bracket arranged above the soil crust area, a shading layer arranged on the bracket, and a shading adjustment system for adjusting the opening and closing of the shading layer; wherein the shading layer is a shading cloth or a reflective aluminum foil; the shading adjustment system includes a slide rail or a reel arranged on the bracket, and an adjustment shaft limitedly arranged in the slide rail or on the reel; wherein the adjustment shaft is connected to the shading layer.

5. The method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moisturizing module includes a spray system, a water circulation system, and an automatic humidity control system; The spray system comprises a fine mist nozzle or an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle arranged on the bracket and below the light shielding layer, and a water pipe connected to the water circulation system; The water circulation system comprises a water storage tank, a water pump, and the water pipe.

6. The method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic humidity control system includes a controller for controlling the water pump and a humidity sensor for feeding back real-time air humidity data to the controller.

7. The method for artificially promoting biological soil crust formation under a photovoltaic array for ecological restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heating element is a ceramic heating plate or a carbon fiber heating wire; the temperature control system includes a temperature sensor and a control panel.

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