Deep burying device for straw in brown soil area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a brown soil area straw deep burying device which comprises a combined mounting frame detachably mounted on a straw returning and deep scarification all-in-one machine, and further comprises a temporary storage bin fixedly connected with the combined mounting frame, and a negative pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further arranged on the temporary storage bin; the discharge capacity adjusting assembly is connected with the temporary storage bin, the discharge distribution assembly is connected with the discharge capacity adjusting assembly, and a first outlet and a second outlet are formed in the discharge distribution assembly; the intelligent control system is fixedly mounted on the combined mounting frame, and is respectively connected with the displacement adjusting assembly and the discharge distribution assembly; according to the straw deep burying device for the brown soil area, the layered deep burying precision can be improved, the problems of uneven straw decomposition, unbalanced nutrient release and the like are avoided, and the straw returning quality and effect are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically to a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas. Background Art

[0002] Straw returning to the field is an important measure to improve soil structure and enhance farmland fertility, especially significant for soil improvement in cinnamon soil areas (heavy and prone to hardening). Existing straw deep-burial devices usually include processes such as shredding, conveying, layered deep-burial, and soil covering. Among them, after being shredded, the straw needs to be distributed into preset trenches through a conveying system and buried in layers according to different proportions (such as 60%-70% and 30%-40% for the upper and lower layers respectively) to adapt to the aerobic / anaerobic decomposition environment in cinnamon soil areas. However, the conveying and distribution of shredded straw are the core difficulties of the whole system, and their accuracy directly affects the uniformity of straw distribution, decomposition efficiency, and the final effect of returning to the field. Traditional mechanical conveying is prone to soil mixing or straw accumulation, and the fixed-proportion layered structure is difficult to adapt to different straw types and soil conditions, restricting the quality of returning to the field in cinnamon soil areas.

[0003] In the straw deep-burial system in cinnamon soil areas, the setting of the total amount of straw discharged in the trench and the layered distribution ratio needs to be dynamically adjusted to adapt to changes in various factors such as straw moisture content, soil humidity, bulk density, and microbial activity. For example, for high-moisture straw, the proportion of lower-layer burial needs to be reduced to prevent too strong an anaerobic environment, and for loose cinnamon soil, the total discharge amount can be appropriately increased to improve the efficiency of organic matter supplementation. However, most traditional devices adopt a fixed discharge structure and cannot respond to the above variables in real time, resulting in insufficient accuracy of layered deep-burial, problems such as uneven straw decomposition and unbalanced nutrient release, and ultimately affecting the effect of returning to the field. Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to develop a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas to overcome the deficiencies in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A straw deep-burial device in cinnamon soil areas, including a combined mounting frame detachably installed on a straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine, and further including: A temporary storage bin, the temporary storage bin is fixedly connected to the combined mounting frame, and a negative-pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further provided on the temporary storage bin. Among them, the distribution discharging part is composed of a discharge amount adjusting component, a discharge distribution component, an outlet one, and an outlet two; The discharge amount adjusting component is connected to the temporary storage bin, the discharge distribution component is connected to the discharge amount adjusting component, and an outlet one and an outlet two are provided on the discharge distribution component; The discharge distribution assembly is used to dynamically distribute straw fragments to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through Outlet 1 and Outlet 2 respectively; And an intelligent control system, which is fixedly installed on the combined mounting frame and is respectively connected to the displacement adjustment assembly and the discharge distribution assembly; Wherein, the intelligent control system is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total amount of straw emissions and the hierarchical distribution ratio based on the detection data, so as to achieve precise planning for deep burial of straw.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the negative pressure feeding part includes a variable frequency fan and a conveying joint, and the variable frequency fan is fixedly installed on the temporary storage bin; And a conveying joint is also arranged on the variable frequency fan, which is used to convey the straw crushed by the straw returning and subsoiling machine to the temporary storage bin through an external suction pipe.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the displacement adjustment assembly includes: A displacement adjustment bin, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and a feeding port is arranged in the middle of the displacement adjustment bin, and the feeding port is communicated with the temporary storage bin; A sliding chamber is opened on the displacement adjustment bin, and the number of the sliding chambers is two. The two sliding chambers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the displacement adjustment bin, and an opening and retractable plate is arranged in each sliding chamber; Wherein, inclined guiding surfaces are arranged on one side of the two opening and retractable plates close to each other; And an adjustment telescopic member, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and the output end of the adjustment telescopic member is also connected to the opening and retractable plate.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes: anti-blocking air grooves, and the number of the anti-blocking air grooves is multiple. Multiple anti-blocking air grooves are opened on the opening and retractable plate; When the opening and retractable plate contracts into the sliding chamber, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber will be communicated with the feeding port through multiple anti-blocking air grooves, so as to blow the straw fragments at the inclined guiding surface, and avoid blockage at the feeding port under the disturbance effect; And a blowing pipe, which is located on the displacement adjustment bin and is communicated with multiple anti-blocking air grooves through an air duct, and the blowing pipe is also connected to an external air source.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the discharge distribution assembly includes: A discharge distribution adjustment bin, which is fixedly connected to the displacement adjustment bin; A driving motor is fixedly installed on the discharge distribution adjustment bin, and a rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the output end of the driving motor. The rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the discharge distribution adjustment bin; A diversion guide plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the diversion guide plate is also slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge distribution adjustment bin; And an elastic panel, one end of the elastic panel is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the diversion guide plate, and the other end of the elastic panel is fixedly installed between the first outlet and the second outlet.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: it further includes: a direction-changing feeding member, the direction-changing feeding member is located at the top end of the diversion guide plate. Among them, an elastic detector for controlling the start of the direction-changing feeding member is also provided on the diversion guide plate; And a commutation control component, the commutation control component is connected to the discharge distribution adjustment bin, communicates with the sliding chamber, and the commutation control component is also detachably connected to the elastic detector.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the commutation control component includes: A telescopic chamber is located on the discharge distribution adjustment bin, and a driving telescopic block is slidably installed in the telescopic chamber. Among them, one side surface of the driving telescopic block is an inclined surface pressing part, and the inclined surface pressing part is detachably connected to the elastic detector; Among them, the inclined surface pressing part gradually widens from the middle to both ends. When the middle part of the inclined surface pressing part is directly opposite to the elastic detector, the elastic detector does not contact the inclined surface pressing part. When the diversion guide plate drives the elastic detector to rotate and gradually approaches the end of the inclined surface pressing part, the elastic detector contacts the inclined surface pressing part; A return spring, both ends of the return spring are respectively connected to the telescopic chamber and the driving telescopic block; And a connecting pipe, one end of the connecting pipe communicates with the telescopic chamber, and the other end of the connecting pipe communicates with the sliding chamber; When the opening and closing telescopic plate moves outward in the sliding chamber, a part of the air in the sliding chamber will be compressed, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber through the connecting pipe and generates a pushing effect on the driving telescopic block. At this time, the driving telescopic block overcomes the pulling force of the return spring and makes the inclined surface pressing part contact the elastic detector.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the intelligent control system includes a parameter detection module, a decision control module, an execution adjustment module and a human-computer interaction module; Among them: The parameter detection module is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent decision-making; The decision-making and control module dynamically calculates the total straw emission and the hierarchical distribution ratio based on the detection data, and accurately plans the key indicators of deep straw burial; The execution and adjustment module adjusts the straw conveying flow rate and spatial distribution according to the control instructions, transforming the decision-making into actual operation actions; The human-machine interaction module provides an interface for parameter display and manual intervention, facilitating operators to monitor and control the system.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: The parameter detection module includes: The straw property detection unit includes a moisture content detection sensor and a C / N ratio estimation device, and detects the key physical and chemical property parameters of the straw itself; The soil parameter detection unit is equipped with a layered humidity sensor and a bulk density measuring device to collect soil humidity and bulk density data of different soil layers.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: In the decision-making and control module, the calculation of the total emission Q uses a multi-variable coupling model of straw moisture content , soil bulk density ρ and crop type coefficient k 1 as follows: ; Among them, k 1 is the crop type coefficient (different values for different crops, used to reflect the influence of crop characteristics on straw emissions); ρ is the soil bulk density; is the straw moisture content; The calculation of the lower layer distribution ratio Ra^ introduces the feedback compensation of the layered humidity ωa^ and the conveying resistance F: Ra^ = 0.35 + 0.01(ωa^ - 20) - 0.008(F - 1000); Among them, ωa^ is the soil humidity at a depth of 30 cm, and F is the conveying resistance; In the execution and adjustment module, the relationship between the rotational speed n of the variable-frequency fan and the target total emission Q is: ; Among them, Q min is the minimum target emission, Q max is the maximum target emission, Q is the currently calculated target total emission, and n is the rotational speed of the variable-frequency fan.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: During the operation of agricultural machinery, as the traction equipment drives the straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine forward, the crushing knives will crush the straw. At the same time, under the control of the negative pressure feeding part, the crushed straw will be conveyed into the temporary storage bin. Both ends of the temporary storage bin are provided with covers for processing the equipment and residual straw fragments in the temporary storage bin. After the straw fragments accumulate in the temporary storage bin, through the set intelligent control system, it is used to obtain the physical characteristics of the straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total straw emission volume and the layered distribution ratio based on the detection data. At this time, mechanical structures such as the displacement adjustment component and the discharge distribution component are controlled to act simultaneously, so that the qualified straw fragments are discharged to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through outlet one and outlet two respectively. Finally, the covering equipment on the straw returning and subsoiling integrated machine is used for burying and compacting, so as to ensure accurate planning of straw deep burial. The operation is simple, and it can dynamically adjust the setting of the total straw emission volume and the layered distribution ratio in the trench according to the changes of various factors such as straw moisture content, soil humidity, bulk density and microbial activity, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of layered deep burial, avoiding problems such as uneven straw decomposition and nutrient release imbalance, and finally improving the quality and effect of straw returning to the field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the temporary storage bin in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 FIG. is a partial sectional structural diagram of the combined mounting rack in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the displacement adjustment bin in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the discharge distribution adjustment bin in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 FIG. is a sectional structural diagram of the opening and telescopic plate in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the distribution of anti-blocking air grooves in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sliding chamber in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the diversion guide plate in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 FIG. is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the direction-changing feeding part in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the distribution position structure of the inclined plane pressing part in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the driving telescopic block in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1 - combined mounting frame, 2 - intelligent control system, 3 - temporary storage bin, 4 - variable frequency fan, 5 - conveying joint, 6 - cover plate, 7 - discharge distribution adjustment bin, 8 - adjusting telescopic member, 9 - driving motor, 10 - corner detector, 11 - displacement adjustment bin, 12 - outlet one, 13 - telescopic chamber, 14 - connecting pipe, 15 - outlet two, 16 - blowing pipe, 17 - opening telescopic plate, 18 - anti-blocking air groove, 19 - blanking port, 20 - inclined diversion surface, 21 - sliding chamber, 22 - rotating shaft, 23 - shunting guide plate, 24 - elastic panel, 25 - direction-changing feeding member, 26 - driving telescopic block, 27 - elastic detector, 28 - inclined plane pressing part, 29 - return spring. Specific embodiments

[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1-11 , a straw deep burial device in cinnamon soil area provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a combined mounting frame 1 detachably installed on a straw returning and subsoiling machine, and further includes: A temporary storage bin 3, the temporary storage bin 3 is fixedly connected to the combined mounting frame 1, and a negative pressure feeding part and a distribution discharging part are further arranged on the temporary storage bin 3, wherein the distribution discharging part is composed of a displacement adjustment component, a discharging distribution component, an outlet one 12 and an outlet two 15; The displacement adjustment component is connected to the temporary storage bin 3, the discharging distribution component is connected to the displacement adjustment component, and an outlet one 12 and an outlet two 15 are arranged on the discharging distribution component; The discharging distribution component is used for dynamically distributing straw fragments to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15 respectively; among them, the setting of the straw layer distribution ratio needs to be combined with soil characteristics and decomposition requirements. Generally speaking, for the upper layer of the trench of 20 - 25 cm, the distribution ratio is 60% - 70%, and for the lower layer of the trench of 25 - 40 cm, the distribution ratio is 30% - 40%.

[0031] and an intelligent control system 2, which is fixedly installed on the combined mounting frame 1 and is respectively connected to the displacement adjustment assembly and the discharge distribution assembly; Among them, the intelligent control system 2 is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total amount of straw emissions and the hierarchical distribution ratio based on the detection data, so as to achieve precise planning for deep burial of straw.

[0032] During the operation of agricultural machinery, as the traction equipment drives the straw returning and subsoiling machine to move forward, the crushing knives will crush the straw. At the same time, under the control of the negative pressure feeding part, the crushed straw will be conveyed into the temporary storage bin 3. Both ends of the temporary storage bin 3 are provided with cover plates 6 for processing the equipment and residual straw fragments in the temporary storage bin 3. After the straw fragments gather in the temporary storage bin 3, through the set intelligent control system 2, which is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total amount of straw emissions and the hierarchical distribution ratio based on the detection data. At this time, control mechanical structures such as the displacement adjustment assembly and the discharge distribution assembly to act simultaneously, so that the qualified straw fragments are discharged to the upper layer and the lower layer of the trench through the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15 respectively. Finally, the covering equipment on the straw returning and subsoiling machine is used for burying and compacting, so as to ensure precise planning for deep burial of straw, with simple operation. It can dynamically adjust the setting of the total amount of straw emissions and the hierarchical distribution ratio in the trench according to the changes of various factors such as the moisture content of straw, soil humidity, bulk density and microbial activity, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of hierarchical deep burial, avoiding problems such as uneven straw decomposition and unbalanced nutrient release, and finally improving the quality and effect of straw returning to the field.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 , the negative pressure feeding part includes a variable frequency blower 4 and a conveying joint 5, and the variable frequency blower 4 is fixedly installed on the temporary storage bin 3; And a conveying joint 5 is also arranged on the variable frequency blower 4 for conveying the crushed straw of the straw returning and subsoiling machine into the temporary storage bin 3 through an external suction pipe.

[0034] The displacement adjustment assembly includes: A displacement adjustment bin 11, which is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin 3, and a blanking port 19 is arranged in the middle of the displacement adjustment bin 11, and the blanking port 19 is communicated with the temporary storage bin 3; A sliding chamber 21 is provided on the displacement adjustment bin 11, and the number of the sliding chambers 21 is two. The two sliding chambers 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the displacement adjustment bin 11. An opening and retractable plate 17 is arranged in each sliding chamber 21, and the opening and retractable plate 17 is of a T-shaped structure; Wherein, inclined diversion surfaces 20 are arranged on one sides of the two opening and retractable plates 17 close to each other; And an adjustment telescopic member 8, the adjustment telescopic member 8 is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin 3, and an output end of the adjustment telescopic member 8 is further connected to one end of the opening and retractable plate 17.

[0035] Further included are: anti-blocking air grooves 18, and the number of the anti-blocking air grooves 18 is multiple. The multiple anti-blocking air grooves 18 are all arranged on the opening and retractable plate 17; When the opening and retractable plate 17 contracts into the sliding chamber 21, an air duct arranged in the sliding chamber 21 will be communicated with the blanking port 19 through the multiple anti-blocking air grooves 18, so as to blow the straw fragments at the inclined diversion surface 20, and avoid blockage of the blanking port 19 under the disturbance effect; And a blow pipe 16, the blow pipe 16 is located on the displacement adjustment bin 11, is communicated with the multiple anti-blocking air grooves 18 through an air duct, and the blow pipe 16 is further communicated with an external air source.

[0036] After the straw is crushed, it will enter the temporary storage bin 3 through the suction pipe (φ200mm corrugated pipe) and the conveying joint 5. And through the detection of the intelligent control system 2 and the change of the execution conditions, the working power of the variable frequency blower 4 can be adjusted, so as to save resources while ensuring an adequate supply of straw fragments. In addition, through the control of the intelligent control system 2, the adjusting telescopic member 8 can be put into work at the same time. Among them, the adjusting telescopic member 8 can adopt the conventional driving methods such as electric telescoping or hydraulic telescoping to drive the opening telescopic plate 17 to move in the sliding chamber 21, so as to change the distance between the two oppositely arranged opening telescopic plates 17. When the distance between them changes, the total discharge amount of the straw fragments can be controlled. In addition, when the distance between the two opening telescopic plates 17 increases, the required discharge amount also increases. At this time, in order to avoid blockage and other situations at the discharge port 19, when the opening telescopic plate 17 contracts into the sliding chamber 21, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber 21 will be connected to the discharge port 19 through a plurality of anti-blocking air grooves 18 (since the inclined diversion surface 20 is an inclined structure, when a part of the inclined diversion surface 20 enters the sliding chamber 21, and the sliding chamber 21 is a square structure, the inclined diversion surface 20 will form a certain angle with the sliding chamber 21, and the air flow will blow towards the surface of the inclined diversion surface 20 through the anti-blocking air grooves 18 and this angle, so as to form a turbulent flow effect), so as to blow the straw fragments on the inclined diversion surface 20, so as to avoid blockage at the discharge port 19 under the action of air flow disturbance and ensure the discharge speed.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 , the discharge distribution assembly includes: The discharge distribution adjustment bin 7, and the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7 is fixedly connected to the discharge amount adjustment bin 11; The driving motor 9, the driving motor 9 is fixedly installed on the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7, and a rotating shaft 22 is fixedly installed at the output end of the driving motor 9, and the rotating shaft 22 is rotatably installed in the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7; The diversion guide plate 23, the diversion guide plate 23 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 22, and the diversion guide plate 23 is also slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge distribution adjustment bin 7; And the elastic panel 24, one end of the elastic panel 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the diversion guide plate 23, and the other end of the elastic panel 24 is fixedly installed between the outlet one 12 and the outlet two 15.

[0038] It further includes: the direction-changing feeding member 25, the direction-changing feeding member 25 is located at the top end of the diversion guide plate 23. Among them, an elastic detector 27 for controlling the start of the direction-changing feeding member 25 is also arranged on the diversion guide plate 23; and a commutation control component, which is connected to the discharge distribution adjustment chamber 7, communicates with the sliding chamber 21, and is also detachably connected to the elastic detector 27.

[0039] The commutation control component includes: a telescopic chamber 13, which is located on the discharge distribution adjustment chamber 7, and a driving telescopic block 26 is slidably installed in the telescopic chamber 13. One side surface of the driving telescopic block 26 is an inclined surface pressing portion 28, and the inclined surface pressing portion 28 is detachably connected to the elastic detector 27; Among them, the inclined surface pressing portion 28 gradually widens from the middle to both ends. When the middle of the inclined surface pressing portion 28 is directly opposite to the elastic detector 27, the elastic detector 27 does not contact the inclined surface pressing portion 28. When the shunt guide plate 23 drives the elastic detector 27 to rotate and gradually approaches the end of the inclined surface pressing portion 28, the elastic detector 27 contacts the inclined surface pressing portion 28; a return spring 29, both ends of which are respectively connected to the telescopic chamber 13 and the driving telescopic block 26; and a connecting pipe 14, one end of which communicates with the telescopic chamber 13, and the other end of which communicates with the sliding chamber 21; When the opening and closing telescopic plate 17 moves outward in the sliding chamber 21, a part of the air in the sliding chamber 21 will be compressed, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber 13 through the connecting pipe 14 and exerts a pushing effect on the driving telescopic block 26. At this time, the driving telescopic block 26 overcomes the pulling force of the return spring 29 and makes the inclined surface pressing portion 28 contact the elastic detector 27.

[0040] Under the control of the intelligent control system 2, the drive motor 9 will be started, which can drive the rotation of the rotating shaft 22, and the rotation angle detector 10 will detect the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 22, so as to form a feedback value for the intelligent control system 2, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time adjustment of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 22. During the rotation of the rotating shaft 22, the shunt guide plate 23 will be driven to rotate synchronously. At this time, the elastic panel 24 will be in a stretched state. Among them, the length of the elastic panel 24 is slightly larger to enable the shunt guide plate 23 to rotate smoothly and block the bottom end of the shunt guide plate 23, so that the straw fragments entering both sides of the shunt guide plate 23 can smoothly enter the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15, avoiding leakage of raw materials between the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15 and affecting the accuracy of the distribution and emission. In addition, the top end of the shunt guide plate 23 can divide the opening of the emission distribution adjustment bin 7 into two parts, and the straw fragments enter the two spaces composed of the emission distribution adjustment bin 7 and the shunt guide plate 23 through the two parts of the opening respectively, and finally discharge the straw fragments to different parts of the trench through the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15. Under the control of the intelligent control system 2, as the shunt guide plate 23 rotates, the ratio of the sizes of the two parts of the opening at the top of the emission distribution adjustment bin 7 can be changed, so as to change the amount of straw fragments entering the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 15, and finally, according to the demand, the straw can be deeply buried according to a certain distribution ratio to ensure the quality and effect of land preparation; In addition, after the diverter guide plate 23 has finished rotating, a portion of the inlet with a smaller opening at the top of the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 may be blocked, thereby affecting the smooth discharge of the material. At this time, under the detection of the angle detector 10, when the diverter guide plate 23 rotates a certain angle, the reversing feeding member 25 will be controlled to start, wherein the reversing feeding member 25 may be composed of a toggle roller and a motor that drives the toggle roller to rotate forward and reverse, so that the toggle roller rotates in the direction of the smaller opening, thereby pushing the straw fragments smoothly into the space formed by the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 and the diverter guide plate 23, thereby achieving the purpose of smoothly discharging the material, especially in the case of increasing the total displacement, even if When the smaller inlet of the top opening of the discharge distribution regulating chamber 7 does not reach the smaller size, the smaller inlet may also be blocked due to the increase in displacement. At this time, due to the increase in the spacing between the two opening telescopic plates 17, when the discharge distribution regulating chamber 7 moves outward in the sliding chamber 21, a part of the air in the sliding chamber 21 will be compressed, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber 13 through the connecting pipe 14 and exerts a pushing effect on the driving telescopic block 26. At this time, the driving telescopic block 26 overcomes the pulling force of the return spring 29 and makes the inclined surface pushing portion 28 contact the elastic detector 27 (the elastic detector 27 can be formed by a pressure sensor, and in the elastic A roller or ball is provided at the end surface of the detector 27 to reduce the friction force when the inclined surface pushing part 28 contacts the elastic detector 27. Other existing technologies may also be used. For example, the end surface of the elastic detector 27 may be in the form of a smooth curved surface. Under the pushing action of the inclined surface pushing part 28, the elastic detector 27 may be slightly deformed to avoid rigid contact and leave a margin for the subsequent telescopic movement of the inclined surface pushing part 28. (No further details are given here.) When the elastic detector 27 detects that the pressure reaches the set value, even if the smaller inlet at the top of the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 does not reach the smaller size, the reversing feeding part 25 will be controlled to start, thereby ensuring the smooth discharge of the material. Among them, the inclined pushing portion 28 gradually widens from the middle to the two ends. When the middle of the inclined pushing portion 28 is facing the elastic detector 27, the elastic detector 27 is not in contact with the inclined pushing portion 28. When the diverter guide plate 23 drives the elastic detector 27 to rotate and gradually approaches the end of the inclined pushing portion 28, the elastic detector 27 is in contact with the inclined pushing portion 28. When the elastic detector 27 is in contact with the inclined pushing portion 28, at this time, the smaller inlet opening at the top of the discharge distribution regulating bin 7 has reached the set smaller size. At this time, even if the total discharge volume at the discharge port 19 is small, the change-direction feeding piece 25 will be started to assist the smaller inlet feeding, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the discharge volume.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figures 1-11 , the intelligent control system 2 includes a parameter detection module, a decision control module, an execution adjustment module and a human-computer interaction module; Among them: The parameter detection module is used to obtain the physical properties of straw, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent decision-making; The decision-making and control module dynamically calculates the total straw emission amount and the hierarchical distribution ratio based on the detection data, and accurately plans the key indicators for deep burying of straw; The execution and adjustment module adjusts the straw conveying flow rate and spatial distribution according to the control instruction, transforming the decision into actual operation actions; The human-machine interaction module provides an interface for parameter display and manual intervention, facilitating operators to monitor and control the system.

[0042] The said parameter detection module includes: The straw property detection unit includes a moisture content detection sensor and a C / N ratio estimation device (carbon-nitrogen ratio), detecting the key physical and chemical property parameters of the straw itself; The soil parameter detection unit is equipped with a layered humidity sensor and a bulk density measuring device, collecting soil humidity and bulk density data of different soil layers.

[0043] In the said decision-making and control module, the calculation of the total amount of straw fragments Q adopts a multi-variable coupling model of straw moisture content , soil bulk density ρ and crop type coefficient k 1 as follows: ; Among them, k 1 is the crop type coefficient (different values for different crops, used to reflect the influence of crop characteristics on straw emission amount); ρ is the soil bulk density; is the straw moisture content; this formula accurately calculates the total straw emission amount Q by integrating multiple factors; The calculation of the lower layer distribution ratio Ra^ introduces the feedback compensation of layered humidity ωa^ and conveying resistance F: Ra^ = 0.35 + 0.01(ωa^ - 20) - 0.008(F - 1000); Among them, ωa^ is the soil humidity at a depth of 30 cm, and F is the conveying resistance; this formula adjusts the lower layer straw distribution ratio according to the real-time detected soil humidity and conveying resistance, making the straw hierarchical distribution more scientific and reasonable; In the said execution and adjustment module, the relationship between the rotational speed n of the variable-frequency fan 4 and the target total emission amount Q is: ; Among them, Q min is the minimum target emission amount, Q maxLet \(Q_{max}\) be the maximum target emission, \(Q\) be the currently calculated total target emission, and \(n\) be the rotational speed of the variable-frequency fan 4. Through this formula, the variable-frequency fan 4 can adjust its rotational speed according to the target emission to accurately control the total amount of straw conveyed.

[0044] The moisture content detection sensor is a near-infrared spectroscopy sensor, which is installed 30 - 50 cm away from the straw inlet, and the detection wavelength range is 900 - 1700 nm. This position and wavelength range setting can effectively and accurately detect the moisture content of the straw. The C / N ratio estimation device calculates through the straw moisture content in association with the preset crop type database, and the calculation formula is: ; where \(k\) 1 is the crop type coefficient (\(k\) 1 = 75 for wheat, \(k\) 1 = 45 for corn); is the straw moisture content. This formula estimates the C / N ratio based on the moisture content and crop type, providing important straw characteristic parameters for the straw deep-burial operation.

[0045] In the soil parameter detection unit, the layered humidity sensor is a TDR time-domain reflectometer, and the probes are vertically arranged behind the furrow opener, with detection depths of 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm respectively. This arrangement method and detection depth setting can comprehensively obtain the soil humidity information of different soil layers. The bulk density measuring device is a cone penetrometer, and the conversion formula between its penetration resistance \(R\) and soil bulk density \(\rho\) is: ; where \(R\) min = 50 kPa is the minimum penetration resistance; \(R\) max = 200 kPa is the maximum penetration resistance; \(R\) is the actually measured penetration resistance; \(\rho\) is the soil bulk density. This formula calculates the soil bulk density through the measured penetration resistance, providing soil physical property parameters for decision-making control.

[0046] The present invention also sets up a fault tolerance mechanism. When the humidity sensor fails, an estimation model based on the surface humidity \(\omega_a^*\) and bulk density \(\rho\) is enabled: \(\omega_a^* = 0.7\omega_a + 0.3(25 + 10(1.3 - \rho))\); where \(\omega_a^*\) is the surface soil humidity; \(\rho\) is the soil bulk density; \(\omega_a\) is the estimated soil humidity at a depth of 30 cm. This formula estimates the deep soil humidity through other measurable parameters when the humidity sensor fails, maintaining the operation of some functions of the system.

[0047] In the human-computer interaction module, three control modes are provided: fully automatic, semi-automatic (preset ratio), and manual debugging. It meets the requirements of different operation scenarios and operators. The real-time display of the thermal map of the straw distribution in the cross-section of the trench, and the relationship between the color depth and the density δ is ; where δ is the straw density (the value range is from 0 to 1, 0 means no straw, and 1 means the maximum straw density); RGB is the color value. Through this formula, the corresponding color value is generated according to the straw density, and the straw distribution in the cross-section of the trench is intuitively displayed in the form of a thermal map, which is convenient for the operator to understand the straw distribution state.

[0048] Therefore, in the straw deep-burial operation in the cinnamon soil area, the operation process of the intelligent control system 2 is tight and efficient, bringing many direct and additional technical effects to the straw deep-burial work. After the system is started, the parameter detection module begins to operate. The straw characteristic detection unit accurately detects the moisture content of the straw through a near-infrared spectrum sensor at a specific position above the conveyor belt at the outlet of the crusher. At the same time, combined with the preset crop type database, it estimates the C / N ratio of the straw, enabling the operator to clearly master the physical and chemical characteristics of the straw. This not only helps to accurately plan the amount of straw deep-burial but also provides a scientific basis for subsequent soil fertility improvement because straws with different C / N ratios have different effects on soil nutrients during decomposition in the soil. The soil parameter detection unit uses a TDR time-domain reflectometer and a cone penetrometer to detect the soil moisture and bulk density at different depths behind the opener, providing comprehensive soil physical property data for the decision-making control module to ensure that the straw deep-burial operation can be reasonably arranged under different soil conditions, directly improving the adaptability of the operation to the soil environment. The operation state detection unit real-time monitors data such as the conveying resistance to ensure the system's dynamic control of the operation process, promptly discovers potential problems, and avoids affecting the progress of straw deep-burial due to equipment abnormalities. After receiving the data transmitted by the parameter detection module, the decision-making control module quickly conducts calculations. It accurately calculates the total straw emission based on the straw characteristics, soil parameters, and crop types, ensuring that the straw input can meet the soil improvement requirements without causing resource waste, which is the direct effect brought by the system. At the same time, this module combines the deep soil moisture and the conveying resistance to scientifically determine the distribution ratio of the straw in the upper and lower layers, making the straw distribution in the soil more uniform and reasonable, providing a suitable living environment for soil microorganisms, and accelerating the decomposition of the straw. This process not only directly optimizes the layering effect of straw deep-burial but also additionally realizes the effect of promoting the healthy cycle of the soil ecosystem. The execution adjustment module acts according to the instructions of the decision-making control module. The variable-frequency fan 4 precisely adjusts its rotational speed according to the set target, achieving precise control of the total amount of straw transported, ensuring that each operation area can receive an appropriate amount of straw, and directly improving the operation accuracy. The discharge distribution component distributes the straw into the trenches according to the required flow rate and spatial distribution by changing the opening size and distribution ratio in accordance with the pre-planned lower-layer distribution ratio, ensuring that the distribution of straw in different soil layers conforms to the pre-planned layout. This not only directly guarantees the layered quality of straw deep burial but also indirectly promotes the balanced distribution of nutrients at different soil depths, facilitating the crop roots to absorb appropriate nutrients in different soil layers and having a positive impact on crop growth.

[0049] The human-machine interaction module runs through the entire operation process, providing three control modes to meet the needs of different operators and operation scenarios, directly enhancing the usability and flexibility of the system. Meanwhile, this module displays the thermal map of straw distribution in the trench cross-section in real time. Operators can intuitively understand the straw distribution status, promptly discover problems such as uneven distribution and carry out manual intervention to avoid affecting the soil improvement effect due to unreasonable straw distribution. This not only directly guarantees the operation quality but also reduces the later rework cost through timely error correction and increases the overall operation efficiency. In the human-machine interaction module, the three provided control modes cooperate closely with each part of the system. In the full-automatic mode, the system automatically calculates the total amount of straw emissions and the layered distribution ratio through the decision-making control module based on the data of the physical properties of straw, soil parameters, and operation status collected in real time by the parameter detection module, and then instructs the execution adjustment module to control the rotational speed of the variable-frequency fan 4, the opening of the displacement adjustment component, and the actions of the discharge distribution component to achieve fully automated operation. It is applicable to large areas with uniform soil conditions and can efficiently complete the task of straw deep burial.

[0050] The semi-automatic (preset ratio) mode allows operators to preset the straw layered distribution ratio on the human-machine interaction interface. The system combines this with the data such as the moisture content of straw and soil bulk density detected in real time, determines the total straw emissions through the decision-making control module, and commands the execution adjustment module to adjust the equipment operation, taking into account the operator's experience and the system's intelligent operation. It is applicable to scenarios with different soil conditions and specific requirements for straw layering.

[0051] The manual debugging mode gives operators the permission to directly control the execution adjustment module. They can manually adjust the rotational speed of the variable-frequency fan 4 and the opening of the displacement adjustment component on the human-machine interaction interface to control the total amount of straw transported, and directly control the discharge distribution component to adjust the straw layering ratio. Operators respond precisely to special operation conditions based on the data of the parameter detection module and the feedback of the straw distribution thermal map, such as special local soil structures or abnormal straw characteristics, providing flexibility and precision for operations in complex scenarios.

[0052] In addition, the fault tolerance mechanism of the system also plays an important role. When the humidity sensor fails, the system can estimate the deep soil humidity using the surface humidity and soil bulk density to maintain the operation of some functions. This not only directly ensures the continuity of the operation, avoiding long-term downtime due to equipment failures, but also indirectly reduces risks such as soil moisture evaporation and trench collapse that may be caused by operation interruptions, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the straw deep burial operation.

[0053] It should be noted that in the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "sliding", "rotating", "fixing", "provided with", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a welded connection, a bolt connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0054] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A straw deep burying device in brown soil area, comprising a combined mounting frame detachably mounted on a straw returning and deep loosening integrated machine, characterized in that: Also includes: A temporary storage bin, the temporary storage bin is fixedly connected to the combined mounting frame, and the temporary storage bin is also provided with a negative pressure feeding part and a distribution and discharging part, wherein the distribution and discharging part is composed of a displacement adjustment component, a discharging distribution component, an outlet 1 and an outlet 2; The displacement adjustment component is connected to the temporary storage bin, the discharge distribution component is connected to the displacement adjustment component, and the discharge distribution component is provided with an outlet 1 and an outlet 2; The discharging distribution assembly is used to dynamically distribute the straw fragments to the upper layer and the lower layer of the groove through the first outlet and the second outlet respectively; and an intelligent control system, which is fixedly mounted on the combined mounting frame and is respectively connected to the displacement adjustment component and the discharge distribution component; Among them, the intelligent control system is used to obtain straw physical properties, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, and dynamically calculate the total amount of straw emissions and layered distribution ratio based on the detection data, so as to achieve accurate planning of straw deep burial.

2. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure feeding part includes a variable frequency fan and a conveying joint, and the variable frequency fan is fixedly installed on the temporary storage bin; The variable frequency fan is also provided with a conveying joint for conveying the straw crushed by the straw returning to the field deep loosening machine to a temporary storage bin through an external suction pipe.

3. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The displacement adjustment assembly comprises: A displacement regulating bin, wherein the displacement regulating bin is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and a material discharge port is provided in the middle of the displacement regulating bin, and the material discharge port is communicated with the temporary storage bin; A sliding chamber, wherein the sliding chamber is opened on the displacement regulating chamber, and the number of the sliding chambers is two, and the two sliding chambers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the displacement regulating chamber, and each of the sliding chambers is provided with an open telescopic plate; Wherein, the two open telescopic plates are provided with inclined guide surfaces on the sides close to each other; And an adjustable telescopic member, wherein the adjustable telescopic member is fixedly connected to the temporary storage bin, and an output end of the adjustable telescopic member is also connected to the open telescopic plate.

4. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: Anti-blocking air grooves, the number of which is multiple, and the multiple anti-blocking air grooves are all opened on the open telescopic plate; When the open telescopic plate is retracted into the sliding chamber, the air duct arranged in the sliding chamber is connected to the feed outlet through a plurality of anti-blocking air grooves, so that the straw fragments at the inclined guide surface can be blown away, and the feed outlet is prevented from being blocked under the disturbance effect; And an air blowing pipe, wherein the air blowing pipe is located on the displacement regulating chamber and is connected with the plurality of anti-clogging air grooves through an air duct, and the air blowing pipe is also connected with an external air source.

5. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 3, characterized in that: The discharging distribution assembly comprises: A discharge distribution regulating chamber, wherein the discharge distribution regulating chamber is fixedly connected to the displacement regulating chamber; A driving motor, wherein the driving motor is fixedly mounted on the discharge distribution regulating chamber, and a rotating shaft is fixedly mounted on an output end of the driving motor, and the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted in the discharge distribution regulating chamber; A flow-dividing and material-guiding plate, wherein the flow-dividing and material-guiding plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the flow-dividing and material-guiding plate is also slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharge distribution and regulating bin; And an elastic panel, one end of the elastic panel is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the diversion guide plate, and the other end of the elastic panel is fixedly installed between the outlet one and the outlet two.

6. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A reversing feeding member, the reversing feeding member is located at the top of the diverting material guide plate, wherein the diverting material guide plate is also provided with an elastic detector for controlling the activation of the reversing feeding member; and a reversing control component, wherein the reversing control component is connected to the discharge distribution regulating chamber and communicated with the sliding chamber, and the reversing control component is also detachably connected to the elastic detector.

7. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 6, characterized in that: The switching control component comprises: A telescopic chamber, the telescopic chamber is located on the discharge distribution regulating chamber, and a driving telescopic block is slidably installed in the telescopic chamber, wherein one side of the driving telescopic block is an inclined surface pushing portion, and the inclined surface pushing portion is detachably connected to the elastic detector; The inclined surface pushing portion gradually widens from the middle to both ends. When the middle of the inclined surface pushing portion faces the elastic detector, the elastic detector does not contact the inclined surface pushing portion. When the diverter guide plate drives the elastic detector to rotate and gradually approaches the end of the inclined surface pushing portion, the elastic detector contacts the inclined surface pushing portion. A return spring, two ends of which are respectively connected to the telescopic chamber and the driving telescopic block; and a connecting pipe, one end of which is connected to the telescopic chamber, and the other end of which is connected to the sliding chamber; When the open telescopic plate moves outward in the sliding chamber, it will compress a part of the air in the sliding chamber, so that the air enters the telescopic chamber through the connecting pipe and produces a pushing effect on the driving telescopic block. At this time, the driving telescopic block overcomes the pulling force of the return spring and makes the inclined pushing part contact with the elastic detector.

8. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control system includes a parameter detection module, a decision control module, an execution adjustment module and a human-computer interaction module; in: The parameter detection module is used to obtain straw physical characteristics, soil parameters and operation status data in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent decision-making; The decision-making control module dynamically calculates the total straw discharge and stratified distribution ratio based on the detection data, and accurately plans the key indicators of straw burial depth; The execution and regulation module adjusts the straw transportation flow and spatial distribution according to the control instructions, and converts the decision into actual operation actions; The human-computer interaction module provides parameter display and manual intervention interface, making it convenient for operators to monitor and control the system.

9. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 8, characterized in that: The parameter detection module comprises: The straw characteristic detection unit includes a moisture content detection sensor and a C / N ratio estimation device to detect the key physical and chemical characteristic parameters of the straw itself; The soil parameter detection unit is equipped with a layered moisture sensor and a bulk density measuring device to collect soil moisture and bulk density data of different soil layers.

10. The straw deep burying device in brown soil area according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the decision control module, the total emission Q is calculated using the straw moisture content , soil bulk density ρ and crop type coefficient k1 multivariable coupling model is as follows: ； Among them, k1 is the crop type coefficient (different crops have different values, which is used to reflect the impact of crop characteristics on straw emissions); ρ is the soil bulk density; is the moisture content of straw; The calculation of the lower layer distribution ratio Ra^ introduces feedback compensation of the stratified humidity ωa^ and the conveying resistance F: Ra^=0.35+0.01(ωa^-20)-0.008(F-1000); Among them, ωa^ is the soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm, and F is the transport resistance; In the execution and adjustment module, the relationship between the speed n of the variable frequency fan and the target total emission Q is: ； Among them, Q min is the minimum target emission, Q max is the maximum target emission, Q is the target total emission currently calculated, and n is the speed of the variable frequency fan.

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