Aquaculture feed containing porphyridium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture feed, and particularly discloses aquaculture feed containing porphyridium and a preparation method of the aquaculture feed. A preparation method of an aquaculture feed containing porphyridium comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing fish meal, flour, cottonseed protein concentrate, tenebrio molitor powder, curcumin, amino acid and a functional additive, adding grease, puffing and granulating to obtain a basic embryo; adding fucoidan into the chitosan solution to obtain a compound solution; spraying the composite liquid on the basic blank, and drying to obtain a treated blank; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding porphyridium QDHP-404 and chlorella growth factors into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, and adding oyster shell powder to obtain a treatment solution; and uniformly mixing the treatment liquid with the treated blank, and drying. The aquaculture feed disclosed by the invention is long in dissolving time in water, not easy to loosen and deteriorate, and not easy to influence water quality, also has a certain effect of purifying aquaculture water, is rapidly dissolved in intestines and stomach, is convenient to absorb and utilize, and can effectively improve the growth speed and disease resistance of aquatic animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed, and more specifically, to an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In today's diversified food world, aquatic products have gradually become one of people's main foods. The increasing demand for aquatic products has prompted the rapid development of aquaculture technology. However, in recent years, the aquaculture industry has been plagued by problems such as rampant diseases, water pollution, and abuse of antibiotics, which have seriously restricted the continued development of the aquaculture industry, resulting in instability, low efficiency, and excessive risks. Feed is the material basis of aquaculture, and is also an important factor affecting the survival rate and yield of aquatic products and the breeding environment. Algae used in aquaculture can improve water quality, provide nutrients, promote ecological balance, and serve as a source of bait, providing strong support for the development of aquaculture.

[0003] In the prior art, the Chinese invention patent application document with application number CN2017109117616 discloses an aquaculture feed for improving immunity, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-18 parts of calcium gluconate, 10-16 parts of astragalus, 7-16 parts of oyster powder, 5-10 parts of shrimp shell powder, 10-16 parts of fish meal, 12-18 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 5-8 parts of chlorella powder, 6-10 parts of bone meal, 7-15 parts of trace element composite premix for fish, 6-10 parts of vitamin composite premix for fish, 4-8 parts of allicin, 3-6 parts of betaine hydrochloride, and 3-5 parts of amino acids.

[0004] Adding chlorella powder to the above-mentioned aquaculture feed can improve the immunity of aquatic animals, promote growth, and avoid aquatic product infection, etc. However, it is only made by mixing, crushing, and sieving. When feeding aquatic animals, after the feed is thrown into the water, some uneaten feed will be soaked in water and scattered, floating in the breeding pond, which is more likely to be salvaged. In addition, some unsalvaged feed residues may deteriorate over time in the breeding pond, affecting the water quality and further affecting the growth of aquatic organisms. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to reduce the impact of feed containing algae powder on water quality, the present application provides an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, using the following technical solution: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, comprising the following steps: Mix fish meal, flour, cottonseed protein concentrate, Tenebrio molitor powder, curcumin, amino acids and functional additives evenly, add oil, mix evenly, then expand and granulate to obtain the basic embryo; Dissolve chitosan in acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution with a concentration of 2 - 2.5 wt%, add fucoidan, mix evenly to obtain a composite solution, and the mass ratio of chitosan to fucoidan is 1:0.2 - 0.4; Spray the composite solution evenly on the basic embryo and dry it at 20 - 30 °C to obtain the treated embryo; Add Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 and Chlorella growth factor to a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 3 - 5 wt%, mix evenly, then add oyster shell powder and stir evenly to obtain the treatment solution; Mix the treatment solution and the treated embryo evenly and dry to obtain the aquaculture feed, and the mass ratio of the treatment solution to the treated embryo is 0.3 - 0.5:1.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, cottonseed protein concentrate is a high - quality plant protein extracted from cottonseed kernels. Its main component is protein, with a content of over 90%. It also contains a small amount of fat and cellulose, and a large amount of amino acids. It can provide an important protein source for aquatic animals, replace some traditional protein raw materials such as fish meal, reduce the feed cost, improve the nutritional value and quality of the feed, meet the nutrients required for animal growth, and at the same time, it can improve the physical properties of the feed, such as hardness and particle durability, and improve the feed utilization rate; Tenebrio molitor powder is a high - quality non - grain protein source, which can partially replace fish meal, significantly increase the food intake, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of aquatic animals, increase the crude protein content in muscle and reduce the crude fat content, and at the same time promote the digestion and absorption function; Curcumin has anti - inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can enhance the immunity of aquatic animals, improve the disease resistance, reduce the incidence of diseases, lower the breeding risk, promote the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, increase the absorption capacity of nutrients, promote the growth and development of aquatic animals, increase their body weight, and at the same time, it can also improve the water quality of the aquaculture environment, reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the water, reduce environmental pollution, and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria in the water.

[0008] Fish meal and other ingredients are mixed and matured to obtain a basic embryo. The chitosan solution containing brown algae polysaccharide is sprayed to form a uniform chitosan film on the basic embryo. Then, using the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol, Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404, Chlorella growth factor and oyster shell powder are adhered to the basic embryo containing the chitosan film to obtain aquaculture feed. After the feed is soaked in water and eaten by aquatic animals, Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 has high nutritional value, and the polysaccharide components therein can activate the nonspecific defense system of aquatic animals, thereby improving the immune activity and survival rate of aquatic animals. Chlorella growth factor, as a cell active substance, has the function of activating lymphocytes and enhancing the immune ability of aquatic animals, which helps aquatic animals resist the invasion of foreign diseases and improve their disease resistance. The chitosan film dissolves in the gastric juice of aquatic animals and forms a protective layer on the gastric mucosa. Membrane helps to protect and repair gastric mucosa, while chitosan membrane is usually insoluble in the intestinal fluid of aquatic animals. However, due to the addition of brown algae polysaccharide, it can be degraded by microorganisms in the intestine, thereby decomposing brown algae polysaccharide and making micropores in the chitosan membrane, which is convenient for the damage of the chitosan membrane. The intestinal fluid penetrates into the chitosan membrane, so that the basic embryo is gradually decomposed and absorbed. In addition, brown algae polysaccharide itself can also play the role of regulating immunity, improving the intestinal flora environment, resisting salt, antibacterial, lowering blood sugar and blood lipids. In addition, oyster shell powder, purple algae QDHP-404 and chlorella growth factor are located in the outermost layer. If they are not eaten by aquatic animals in time, they will float in the water for a long time. Due to the wrapping of the water-insoluble chitosan membrane, the basic embryo is not easy to be soaked and dispersed by water and affect the water quality. Even if it is not salvaged for a long time, the chitosan membrane will not dissolve, effectively protecting the internal feed and reducing the water body deterioration caused by feed soaking. Meanwhile, the cells of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 can accumulate a large amount of polysaccharides, which are composed of monosaccharides such as xylose, glucose, and galactose, and have unique colloidal properties and high viscosity. These polysaccharides can bind to harmful substances in the water, thus playing a role in purifying water quality. Moreover, Porphyridium cruentum has a strong biological absorption capacity and can adsorb heavy metal ions in the water. Chlorella growth factor can reduce the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the water, especially has a significant effect on ammonia nitrogen, and can also increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water and regulate the pH value of the water, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of aquatic animals. Oyster shell powder is a processed product of oyster shells, rich in calcium and other minerals. These minerals are crucial for the growth and health of aquatic animals, can provide necessary minerals for aquatic animals, contribute to their bone development and maintain normal physiological functions. At the same time, it is rich in calcium carbonate, which helps to maintain the appropriate pH value in the water and ensure the molting and formation of new exoskeletons of aquatic animals such as shrimps. Its strong adsorption capacity can effectively bind and remove harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, thus improving water quality. Due to the improvement of water quality, the growth environment of aquatic animals is optimized, which helps to improve the growth rate and survival rate. Moreover, oyster shell powder can increase the hardness and water resistance of feed, which is beneficial to the stability and utilization rate of feed in water. At the same time, the mineral components in oyster powder help aquatic animals digest and absorb feed and improve feed conversion rate.

[0009] Optionally, in the basic embryo, the raw material parts by weight are as follows: 180-280 parts of fish meal, 50-80 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 160-200 parts of flour, 30-50 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 20-40 parts of curcumin, 15-20 parts of amino acids, 120-150 parts of functional additives, and 100-150 parts of oil. In the treatment liquid, the raw material parts by weight are as follows: 400-500 parts of polyvinyl alcohol solution, 50-70 parts of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404, 120-270 parts of Chlorella growth factor, and 200-350 parts of oyster shell powder.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the aquaculture feed made of the above raw materials not only has a certain hardness in water, reduces the dissolution loss of the feed in water, and prolongs the floating time of the feed, which is not only convenient for aquatic animals to prey, but also reduces the risk of water quality pollution caused by feed dissolution. At the same time, it can also improve the water quality of aquaculture water to a certain extent.

[0011] Optionally, fermented brewer's yeast is also added to the treatment liquid, and the mass ratio of fermented brewer's yeast to polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.1-0.2:1.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, fermented beer yeast is a single-celled microorganism rich in nutrients. Its protein content is as high as 50%, and it also contains 25 - 30% of yeast polysaccharides, and is rich in B-group vitamins, various bioactive minerals, high-quality dietary fiber, nucleotides, active peptides and other nutrients, which can meet the protein, amino acids, etc. required for the growth of aquatic animals and improve the nutritional value of feed. Moreover, the cell wall of beer yeast is relatively thick, rich in β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharide, which can improve the non-specific immunity of aquatic animals and enhance their disease resistance; and the beer film has a promoting and protective effect on the proliferation of intestinal mucosal cells and intestinal health. The polysaccharide component in its cell wall helps to maintain the intestinal health of aquatic animals and improve the feed utilization efficiency. In addition, beer yeast can secrete a variety of biological enzymes such as sucrase, protease, lipase, etc. These enzyme substances help aquatic animals digest and absorb feed, contribute to the rapid growth and increased yield of aquatic animals. Beer yeast powder has a strong natural feeding attractant. Its unique yeast fragrance can enhance the palatability of aquatic feed, making aquatic animals more willing to feed, thereby increasing the feeding rate and utilization rate of feed. In addition, the active ingredients in fermented beer yeast can degrade organic pollutants in water, promote the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton in water, and then increase the dissolved oxygen in water. The probiotic group in fermented beer yeast can stabilize the microbial community structure in water and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, thus maintaining the ecological balance of water quality.

[0013] Optionally, the mass ratio of the composite liquid to the basic embryo is 1:3 - 5.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, spraying the composite liquid containing chitosan on the basic embryo and spraying it in an appropriate mass ratio, the chitosan in the composite liquid can form a coating film on the basic embryo, isolate the basic embryo from the culture water, reduce the dissolution loss of the basic embryo, and at the same time, when the feed enters the stomach and intestines of aquatic animals, the chitosan film can quickly dissolve and release the basic embryo.

[0015] Optionally, the functional additive includes hydroxyproline, creatine and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.3 - 0.4:0.1 - 0.5:1.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, hydroxyproline is the main component of collagen, which can promote the growth of aquatic animals, and can also improve the quality of aquatic animals, such as chewiness, elasticity, etc., improve texture and taste. In addition, hydroxyproline also has a positive impact on the physiological functions of aquatic animals. As an important component of collagen, the supplement of hydroxyproline helps to maintain the stability and function of collagen in aquatic animals. Collagen plays an important role in structural support and protection in animals. Therefore, the supplement of hydroxyproline helps to enhance the physiological functions and stress resistance of aquatic animals.

[0017] Optionally, the oyster shell powder is prepared by crushing oyster shells, mixing them evenly with clay and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:0.4 - 0.5:0.25 - 0.3, and calcining them at 450 - 650 °C for 1 - 2 h.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, clay, sodium silicate and crushed oyster shells are mixed and then calcined. As the temperature rises, the moisture in sodium silicate volatilizes in the form of water vapor, forming pores and cross-linked structures inside the blend, making the prepared oyster shell powder have a relatively high compressive strength, which can increase the hardness of the feed and reduce the dissolution rate in water.

[0019] Optionally, the diameter of the basic embryo is 2 - 3 mm and the length is 4 - 5 mm.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the basic embryo is small in size. Due to various factors such as light and water flow in water, it may be relatively difficult for aquatic animals to find food during the process of looking for food. And the feed with a smaller particle size is more compact in volume, making it easier to suspend in water or move with the water flow, facilitating discovery by aquatic animals, being more conducive to capture, easy to swallow, and helpful for better digestion and absorption.

[0021] Optionally, the oil is selected from at least one of soybean oil, peanut oil, and fish oil.

[0022] Optionally, the amino acid is selected from at least one of histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and methionine.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, adopting the following technical solution: an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is prepared by using the preparation method of the aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum.

[0024] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the method of the present application, a basic embryo is prepared by using raw materials such as fish meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, yellow mealworm powder, and curcumin, which can provide nutrients such as protein for aquatic animals, promote digestion and absorption, and improve disease resistance. Then, the basic embryo is coated with a composite solution containing chitosan to reduce the contact between the basic embryo and the aquaculture water, reduce the dissolution of the feed, enhance its dissolution time, and reduce the possibility of the feed dispersing and deteriorating due to long-term soaking, while not affecting the digestion and absorption of the feed in the bodies of aquatic animals. Finally, Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404, chlorella growth factor, and oyster shell powder are adhered to the treated embryo by polyvinyl alcohol. When the feed floats, the outermost Porphyridium cruentum and chlorella growth factor can produce a water purification effect, and after being eaten by aquatic animals, it can further improve the disease resistance, growth rate, etc. of aquatic animals.

[0025] 2. In this application, it is preferred to add fermented brewer's yeast to the treatment liquid, which can not only protect the intestinal health of aquatic animals, increase palatability, improve feed utilization rate, but also degrade the pollution in the water body and maintain the ecological balance of water quality. Detailed implementation mode

[0026] The following examples further illustrate this application in detail. Example

[0027] In the following examples, cottonseed protein concentrate is selected from Shaanxi Jinhan Biotechnology, with the model number JH-04392, hydroxyproline is selected from Qingdao Haiweisen Biotechnology, with the product number 1011, creatine is selected from Wuhan Jiuzhouyuan Biotechnology, with the product number 100, soy protein concentrate is selected from Shanghai Xiangqi Biotechnology, with the product number XQ168, chitosan is selected from Zhengzhou Xinke Chemical Products, with the product number 68929-362, fucoidan is selected from Shaanxi Guben Biotechnology, with the product number GBHZTJ-988, Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404, which is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, the preservation date is March 9, 2023, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M2023273, chlorella growth factor is selected from Huatai Biotechnology (Shaanxi) Co., Ltd., with the model number HT-079 and the product number HTSW-079, polyvinyl alcohol is PVA1788, and fermented brewer's yeast is selected from Jiangsu Puxiangxin Bioengineering, with the product number 013.

[0028] Example 1: A preparation method of an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 230 g of fish meal, 180 g of flour, 60 g of cottonseed protein concentrate, 40 g of yellow mealworm powder, 30 g of curcumin, 18 g of amino acids and 140 g of functional additives evenly, add 130 g of oil, mix evenly, and then extrude and granulate to obtain a basic embryo with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 5 mm. The amino acids are histidine, isoleucine and lysine with a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the oil is peanut oil, and the functional additives include hydroxyproline, creatine and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1; S2. Dissolve 25 g of chitosan in an acetic acid solution with a volume concentration of 1% to obtain a chitosan solution with a concentration of 2.5 wt%, add fucoidan, and mix evenly to obtain a composite solution. The mass ratio of chitosan to fucoidan is 1:0.4; S3. Spray the composite solution evenly on the basic embryo and dry it at 30 °C to obtain a treated embryo. The mass ratio of the composite solution to the basic embryo is 1:5; S4. Add 60 g of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and 200 g of chlorella growth factor into 450 g of a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 5 wt%, mix evenly, then add 270 g of oyster shell powder and 90 g of fermented brewer's yeast, and stir evenly to obtain a treatment liquid. The oyster shell powder is made by crushing oyster shells and calcining them at 650 °C for 1 h. The mass ratio of the fermented brewer's yeast to the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.2:1; S5. Mix the treatment liquid evenly with the treated embryo, and dry it at 30 °C to obtain an aquaculture feed. The mass ratio of the treatment liquid to the treated embryo is 0.5:1.

[0029] Example 2: A preparation method of an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 280 g of fish meal, 200 g of flour, 80 g of cottonseed protein concentrate, 50 g of yellow mealworm powder, 40 g of curcumin, 20 g of amino acids and 150 g of functional additives evenly, add 150 g of oil, mix evenly, then extrude and granulate to obtain a basic embryo with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 4 mm. The amino acids are histidine, isoleucine and lysine with a mass ratio of 1:1:1. The oil is soybean oil. The functional additives include hydroxyproline, creatine and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.4:0.1:1; S2. Dissolve 20 g of chitosan in an acetic acid solution with a volume concentration of 1% to obtain a chitosan solution with a concentration of 2 wt%, add fucoidan, and mix evenly to obtain a composite liquid. The mass ratio of chitosan to fucoidan is 1:0.2; S3. Spray the composite liquid evenly on the basic embryo and dry it at 20 °C to obtain a treated embryo. The mass ratio of the composite liquid to the basic embryo is 1:3; S4. Add 70 g of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and 270 g of chlorella growth factor into 500 g of a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 3 wt%, mix evenly, then add 350 g of oyster shell powder and 50 g of fermented brewer's yeast, and stir evenly to obtain a treatment liquid. The oyster shell powder is made by crushing oyster shells and calcining them at 650 °C for 1 h. The mass ratio of the fermented brewer's yeast to the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.1:1; S5. Mix the treatment liquid evenly with the treated embryo, and dry it at 30 °C to obtain an aquaculture feed. The mass ratio of the treatment liquid to the treated embryo is 0.3:1.

[0030] Example 3: A preparation method of an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 180 g of fish meal, 160 g of flour, 50 g of cottonseed protein concentrate, 30 g of yellow mealworm powder, 20 g of curcumin, 15 g of amino acids and 120 g of functional additives evenly. Add 100 g of oil. After mixing evenly, extrude and pelletize to obtain a basic embryo with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 5 mm. The amino acids are histidine, isoleucine and lysine with a mass ratio of 1:1:1. The oil is peanut oil. The functional additives include hydroxyproline, creatine and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.3:0.1:1. S2. Dissolve 25 g of chitosan in an acetic acid solution with a volume concentration of 1% to obtain a chitosan solution with a concentration of 2.5 wt%. Add fucoidan and mix evenly to obtain a composite solution. The mass ratio of chitosan to fucoidan is 1:0.3. S3. Spray the composite solution evenly on the basic embryo and dry it at 30 °C to obtain a treated embryo. The mass ratio of the composite solution to the basic embryo is 1:4. S4. Add 50 g of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 and 120 g of chlorella growth factor to 400 g of a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 4 wt%. After mixing evenly, add 200 g of oyster shell powder and 40 g of fermented brewer's yeast, and stir evenly to obtain a treatment solution. The oyster shell powder is made by crushing oyster shells and calcining them at 650 °C for 1 h. The mass ratio of the fermented brewer's yeast to the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.1:1. S5. Mix the treatment solution and the treated embryo evenly and dry it at 30 °C to obtain an aquaculture feed. The mass ratio of the treatment solution to the treated embryo is 0.4:1.

[0031] Example 4: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that creatine is used to replace soy protein concentrate in equal amount, and the functional additives include hydroxyproline and creatine with a mass ratio of 0.3:1.5.

[0032] Example 5: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that microencapsulated hydroxyproline is used to replace creatine in equal amount, and the functional additives include hydroxyproline and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.8:1.

[0033] Example 6: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that fermented brewer's yeast is not added to the treatment solution.

[0034] Example 7: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that the oyster shell powder is made by crushing oyster shells, mixing them evenly with clay and sodium silicate nonahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.25, and calcining them at 650 °C for 1 h. The clay is kaolin.

[0035] Example 8: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that the oyster shell powder is obtained by pulverizing oyster shells and uniformly mixing them with clay and sodium silicate nonahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.3, and calcining at 450 °C for 2 h. The clay is kaolin.

[0036] Comparative example Comparative example 1: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, comprising the following steps: Mix 230 g of fish meal, 180 g of flour, 60 g of cottonseed protein concentrate, 40 g of yellow mealworm powder, 30 g of curcumin, 18 g of amino acids and 140 g of functional additives, 60 g of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and 200 g of chlorella growth factor, 270 g of oyster shell powder and 90 g of fermented brewer's yeast evenly, add 130 g of oil, mix evenly, and then extrude and pellet to obtain an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum.

[0037] Comparative example 2: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 230 g of fish meal, 180 g of flour, 60 g of cottonseed protein concentrate, 40 g of yellow mealworm powder, 30 g of curcumin, 18 g of amino acids and 140 g of functional additives, 60 g of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and 200 g of chlorella growth factor, 270 g of oyster shell powder and 90 g of fermented brewer's yeast evenly, add 130 g of oil, mix evenly, and then extrude and pellet to obtain a basic embryo with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 5 mm. The amino acids are histidine, isoleucine and lysine with a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the oil is peanut oil, and the functional additives include hydroxyproline, creatine and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1; S2. Dissolve 25 g of chitosan in an acetic acid solution with a volume concentration of 1% to obtain a chitosan solution with a concentration of 2.5 wt%, add fucoidan, and mix evenly to obtain a composite solution. The mass ratio of chitosan to fucoidan is 1:0.4; S3. Uniformly spray the composite solution on the basic embryo and dry it at 30 °C to obtain an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum. The mass ratio of the composite solution to the basic embryo is 1:5.

[0038] Comparative example 3: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that fish meal is used to equally replace curcumin in the basic embryo.

[0039] Comparative example 4: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that fish meal is used to equally replace cottonseed protein concentrate in the basic embryo.

[0040] Comparative Example 5: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that oyster shell powder is not added to the treatment liquid.

[0041] Comparative Example 6: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that chlorella growth factor is not added to the treatment liquid.

[0042] Comparative Example 7: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that fucoidan is not added to the composite liquid.

[0043] Comparative Example 8: A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, which is different from Example 1 in that the composite liquid is not sprayed on the basic embryo, and the treatment liquid is directly sprayed on the basic embryo, that is: S1. Mix 230 g of fish meal, 180 g of flour, 60 g of cottonseed protein concentrate, 40 g of yellow mealworm powder, 30 g of curcumin, 18 g of amino acids and 140 g of functional additives evenly, add 130 g of oil, mix evenly, and then extrude and granulate to obtain a basic embryo with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 5 mm. The amino acids are histidine, isoleucine and lysine with a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the oil is peanut oil, and the functional additives include hydroxyproline, creatine and soy protein concentrate with a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1; S2. Add 60 g of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 and 200 g of chlorella growth factor to 450 g of a 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, mix evenly, then add 270 g of oyster shell powder and 90 g of fermented brewer's yeast, and stir evenly to obtain a treatment liquid. The oyster shell powder is made by crushing oyster shells and calcining them at 650 °C for 1 h, and the mass ratio of the fermented brewer's yeast to the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.2:1; S3. Spray the treatment liquid evenly on the basic embryo and dry it at 30 °C to obtain the aquaculture feed. The mass ratio of the treatment liquid to the basic embryo is 0.5:1.

[0044] Performance Detection Test I. Prepare aquaculture feeds according to the methods in the examples and comparative examples, and detect the dissolution rate with reference to the following method, and record the detection results in Table 1.

[0045] 1. Dissolution rate: Sprinkle the same mass of aquaculture feed on the water surface, soak it in water for 3 h, then fish it out, dry it, and weigh it to test the dissolution rate.

[0046] 2. Simulated intestinal fluid dissolution rate: The simulated intestinal fluid consists of 9 g / L sodium chloride, 10 g / L pancreatin (Qingdao Huazhiyuan, product number 1197), and 3 g / L bile salts. The pH is adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide. The feeds prepared in the examples and comparative examples are inoculated into the simulated gastric fluid with the same mass, shaken in a shaker at 30 °C and 150 r / min, and the dissolution rate is measured by sampling after 3 h.

[0047] 3. Simulated gastric fluid dissolution rate: The simulated gastric fluid consists of 9 g / L sodium chloride and 3 g / L pepsin (Hebei Baipin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product number PBD - 08 - 35), and the pH is adjusted to 1.5 with hydrochloric acid. The feeds prepared in the examples and comparative examples are inoculated into the simulated intestinal fluid with the same mass, cultured in a shaker at 30 °C and 150 r / min, and the dissolution rate is measured by sampling after 3 h.

[0048] Table 1 Detection results of the dissolution rate of aquaculture feeds It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the aquaculture feed prepared in this application has a relatively small dissolution rate after soaking in water for 3 h, reducing the dissolution rate of the feed in water, effectively alleviating the dissolution of the feed, prolonging the floating time of the feed, avoiding feed waste, and preventing feed deterioration from affecting water quality and the healthy growth of aquatic animals. Moreover, the data in Table 1 show that the dissolution rate of the aquaculture feed prepared in this application is relatively large in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. Therefore, although the feed prepared in this application is not easily soluble in water, it does not affect the decomposition and absorption after being eaten by aquatic animals.

[0049] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the feed was prepared by mixing Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 with raw materials such as chlorella growth factor and ripening, without using a composite solution, etc. It can be seen that its dissolution rate in water is relatively large, it dissolves quickly, and the uneaten feed is difficult to catch, easily causing pollution to the aquaculture water.

[0050] In Comparative Example 2, after mixing raw materials such as Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404, it was sprayed with a composite solution containing chitosan to obtain the feed. It can be seen that its dissolution rate in water, intestinal fluid, and gastric fluid is similar to that of Example 1.

[0051] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, curcumin and cottonseed protein concentrate were not added to the basic embryo respectively. Table 1 shows that the dissolution rates of the feeds prepared in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 are similar to that of Example 1.

[0052] In Comparative Example 5, oyster shell powder was not added to the treatment solution. It can be seen that its dissolution rate in water increased, and the dissolution speed accelerated, indicating that oyster shell powder can increase the hardness of the feed and reduce the dissolution rate.

[0053] Comparative Example 6 was compared with Example 1. Chlorella growth factor was not added to the treatment solution. It can be seen that the dissolution rates in water, intestinal fluid, and gastric fluid were similar to those in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 7 was compared with Example 1. Fucoidan was not added to the composite solution. It is water-soluble and will increase the dissolution rate of the feed in water. The dissolution rate in gastric fluid changed little, while the dissolution rate in intestinal fluid decreased significantly because fucoidan can be degraded by microorganisms in intestinal fluid, thus causing the feed to be degraded by intestinal fluid.

[0055] Comparative Example 8 was compared with Example 1. The treatment solution containing components such as Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and Chlorella growth factor was sprayed on the basic embryo, and the composite solution containing chitosan was not sprayed. As shown in Table 1, the feed prepared in Comparative Example 8 had a faster dissolution rate and a larger dissolution loss rate in water, but the dissolution rates in intestinal fluid and gastric fluid changed little.

[0056] II. Aquaculture feeds were prepared according to the methods in the examples and comparative examples, and the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei and the purification effect of aquaculture water were detected according to the following methods. The test results were recorded in Table 2.

[0057] 1. The uniformly purchased Litopenaeus vannamei were divided into 18 treatment groups, with 3 replicates in each treatment group and 50 shrimps in each replicate. The test water was tap water. Before the test started, the shrimps were acclimated for two weeks and fed with basic bait during the acclimation period. They were fasted for 24 hours before the test started. 2700 healthy Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile shrimps with an initial average weight of 0.85 ± 0.05 g were randomly assigned to 54 net cages, and the net cages were randomly placed in indoor cement ponds with a size of 5 m × 3 m × 1.5 m. The aquaculture test period was 6 weeks. During the test, they were fed ad libitum 4 times a day at 8:00, 12:00, 17:00, and 21:00. The daily feeding amount was 7% of the body weight, and the feeding amount was adjusted according to the intake of the shrimp fry at any time. After each feeding, the residual bait and feces were sucked out by siphon method 3 hours later, and 1 / 3 of the water body was supplemented. Fixed water change was carried out at 19:00 every day, and the water change amount was 1 / 2 of the water body. The health status of the shrimps was monitored during the test, and the number of dead shrimps was recorded. Continuous aeration culture was carried out during the test, the water temperature was 28 - 30 °C, and the water salinity was 18 - 20. The water quality factors were detected before 8:00 every 5 days, and the average value of the test results was taken; after the aquaculture test ended, the shrimps were dried after fasting for 24 hours, counted and weighed, and the survival rate and weight gain rate were calculated. The shrimp serum was taken for determination of various factors related to disease resistance.

[0058] Determination of water quality: Ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) was determined by Nessler's reagent, nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 -N) was determined by GR reagent method, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined by iodometric method and alkaline potassium permanganate method respectively.

[0059] Determination of enzyme activities related to disease resistance: The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined according to the modified method of the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol by Deng Biyu et al.; The determination of antibacterial activity was carried out using Escherichia coli as the substrate, diluted to A with 0.1 mol / L potassium phosphate buffer solution 570nm = 0.3. Under the conditions specified by this method, antibacterial activity = [(A 0 - A) / A 0 1 / 2 .

[0060] Table 2 Combined with Examples 1 - 3 and the data in Table 2, it can be seen that the aquaculture feeds prepared in Examples 1 - 3 can increase the survival rate and weight gain of shrimp, and at the same time can improve the water quality of the aquaculture water and enhance the disease resistance ability of shrimp.

[0061] In Examples 4 and 5, creatine was used to replace soy protein concentrate equivalently, and microencapsulated hydroxyproline was used to replace creatine equivalently. As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the feeds prepared in Examples 4 and 5 have little impact on water quality, but the weight gain rate and disease resistance ability of shrimp have decreased.

[0062] In Example 6, fermented brewer's yeast was not added. Compared with Example 1, after the feed prepared in Example 6 was eaten by shrimp, the weight gain rate of shrimp decreased, and the discharge of aquaculture waste increased, indicating that fermented brewer's yeast can increase the growth rate of shrimp and reduce the waste discharge.

[0063] Compared with Example 1, in Examples 7 and 8, oyster shell powder was made from oyster shells, sodium silicate and clay. The data in Table 1 show that the water quality of the aquaculture water has been further improved.

[0064] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the feed was prepared by mixing raw materials such as Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 and chlorella growth factor and then aging, and the composite solution etc. was not used, and the basic embryo was not coated with the composite solution of chitosan. It can be seen that the survival rate, weight gain rate of shrimp decreased, the disease resistance ability weakened, and at the same time the waste content in the water quality increased.

[0065] In Comparative Example 2, after mixing raw materials such as Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 etc., it was sprayed with a composite solution containing chitosan to obtain the feed, and Porphyridium cruentum QDHP - 404 and chlorella growth factor etc. were not bonded on the outer layer. It can be seen that the disease resistance ability, survival rate and growth rate of shrimp decreased, and most importantly, its water quality purification ability weakened.

[0066] ​Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, curcumin and cottonseed protein concentrate were not added to the basic embryos respectively. As shown in Table 2, the survival rate and growth rate of the prawns slowed down, and the disease resistance weakened, but the water quality changed little.

[0067] In Comparative Example 5, oyster shell powder was not added to the treatment liquid. Compared with Example 1, the growth rate and survival rate of the prawns changed little, but the water quality of the aquaculture water deteriorated.

[0068] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 6, chlorella growth factor was not added to the treatment liquid. The data in Table 2 showed that the growth rate of the prawns decreased, and the disease resistance decreased, and the water quality deteriorated.

[0069] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 7, fucoidan was not added to the composite liquid. The survival rate and weight gain rate of the prawns decreased slightly, and the disease resistance also decreased, but the water quality changed little.

[0070] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 8, the treatment liquid containing components such as Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and chlorella growth factor was sprayed on the basic embryos, and the composite liquid containing chitosan was not sprayed. The growth of the prawns decreased slightly, and the purification ability of the aquaculture water decreased.

[0071] This specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present application, and it does not limit the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contributions to this embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Fish meal, flour, cottonseed protein concentrate, mealworm powder, curcumin, amino acids and functional additives are mixed evenly, oil is added, mixed evenly, expanded and granulated to obtain basic embryos; Dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution with a concentration of 2-2.5 wt%, adding fucoidan, and mixing well to obtain a composite solution, wherein the mass ratio of chitosan to fucoidan is 1:0.2-0.4; The composite liquid is evenly sprayed on the base embryo, and dried at 20-30°C to obtain a treated embryo; Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404 and Chlorella growth factor are added to a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 3-5wt%, mixed evenly, and then oyster shell powder is added, and stirred evenly to prepare a treatment solution; The treated liquid and the treated embryos are mixed evenly and dried to prepare aquaculture feed, and the mass ratio of the treated liquid to the treated embryos is 0.3-0.5:

1.

2. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, wherein: In the basic embryo, the raw materials are as follows by weight: 180-280 parts of fish meal, 50-80 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 160-200 parts of flour, 30-50 parts of mealworm powder, 20-40 parts of curcumin, 15-20 parts of amino acids, 120-150 parts of functional additives and 100-150 parts of oil; In the treatment liquid, the weight proportions of raw materials are as follows: 400-500 parts of polyvinyl alcohol solution, 50-70 parts of Porphyridium cruentum QDHP-404, 120-270 parts of Chlorella growth factor, and 200-350 parts of oyster shell powder.

3. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, wherein: Fermented beer yeast is also added to the treatment liquid, and the mass ratio of the fermented beer yeast to the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.1-0.2:

1.

4. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the composite liquid to the basic embryo is 1:3-5.

5. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additives include hydroxyproline, creatine and soybean protein concentrate in a mass ratio of 0.3-0.4:0.1-0.5:

1.

6. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oyster shell powder is prepared by crushing the oyster shell, uniformly mixing it with clay and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:0.4-0.5:0.25-0.3, and calcining it at 450-650° C. for 1-2 hours.

7. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic embryo has a diameter of 2-3 mm and a length of 4-5 mm.

8. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil is selected from at least one of soybean oil, peanut oil and fish oil.

9. The method for preparing an aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amino acid is selected from at least one of histidine, isoleucine, lysine and methionine.

10. An aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum, characterized in that: The aquaculture feed containing Porphyridium cruentum is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

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