Antibiotic-free rabbit feed as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an antibiotic-free feed and a preparation method and application thereof.The antibiotic-free feed is prepared from 40-60 parts of Timosa grass meal, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 20-25 parts of alfalfa meal, 3-6 parts of milk fat globule membranes, 0.1-0.3 part of lysozyme, 0.1-0.2 part of chitosan, 0.1-0.2 part of trehalose, 2-8 parts of plant extracts and 2-5 parts of compound additives. The organism immunity and disease resistance of rabbits can be improved, the nutrient utilization rate in the feed is increased, and the gastrointestinal flora is improved; antibiotics can be effectively replaced, and toxic and side effects of drug resistance, drug resistance, drug residues and the like caused by long-term use of the antibiotics are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to an antibiotic-free rabbit feed, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Adding antibiotics to rabbit feed was once considered to have a certain importance. However, with the in-depth research and the change of breeding concepts, its necessity has been questioned and even explicitly prohibited. The following is an analysis of the necessity of adding antibiotics to rabbit feed: The once highly regarded importance of antibiotics, ① can prevent and treat diseases: The intestines of rabbits are relatively fragile and are easily infected by bacteria, leading to diseases such as diarrhea, especially in the young rabbit stage after weaning; therefore, adding antibiotics to the feed can, to a certain extent, prevent and even possibly cure these diseases and reduce the mortality rate of rabbits. ② Promote growth: Antibiotics can inhibit harmful bacteria in the intestines, reduce the consumption of nutrients, thereby improving the feed conversion rate and promoting the growth of rabbits.

[0003] Current viewpoints and policies, ① Harm to health: There are a large number of beneficial bacteria in the digestive system of rabbits to help them digest food. While antibiotics inhibit harmful bacteria, they also kill beneficial bacteria, disrupt the balance of the intestinal flora, resulting in problems such as indigestion and diarrhea in rabbits. Long-term use of antibiotics will also reduce the immunity of rabbits. ② Generation of drug resistance: Long-term low-dose use of antibiotics will cause bacteria to develop drug resistance, accelerating the emergence of "super bacteria". This not only cannot improve the survival rate of rabbits but may also allow bacteria to persist in rabbits and other hosts for a long time due to drug resistance, resulting in continuous transmission and posing a risk to public health safety. ③ Food safety issues: Antibiotics may remain in rabbits' bodies and enter the human body through the food chain, posing a potential hazard to human health. ④ Environmental hazards: The forms of antibiotics in the environment are complex and may exist in ionized, complexed, or adsorbed states. These states will affect their migration, transformation, and ecological toxicity in the environment and cause pollution to the environment.

[0004] Due to the above problems, since 2020, China has completely prohibited the addition of antibiotic additives to feed.

[0005] Although the drawbacks of antibiotics have a great impact, their benefits are also obvious. Therefore, although banning antibiotics conforms to the general trend of environmental protection, some existing shortcomings in the growth process of rabbits still need attention. For example, the gastrointestinal system of Rex rabbits is relatively weak, their food intake is small, and their growth is slow. Special attention needs to be paid to nutritional balance during breeding, especially the intake of protein, amino acids, and vitamins to ensure the quality of the fur. In addition, Rex rabbits are prone to respiratory diseases and scabies, so disease prevention needs to be strengthened. When abandoning antibiotics as a food additive and feeding rabbits to ensure their healthy growth, alternative rabbit feeds need to be found to ensure that rabbits ingest sufficient protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which can effectively improve the hair health of rabbits, making their hair shiny and bright; meet their high-fiber requirements and prevent digestive system diseases. Importantly, rabbits have the phenomenon of eating soft feces, that is, they excrete soft feces and eat them again to absorb nutrients more fully. General rabbit feeds have the risk of pollution and face some infection problems when eaten again. Therefore, the composition of the antibiotic-free feed also needs to be adjusted to reduce the above probability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an antibiotic-free rabbit feed, its preparation method and application.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An antibiotic-free rabbit feed, calculated by weight, includes the following components:

[0008] 40-60 parts of timothy grass powder, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 20-25 parts of alfalfa grass powder, 3-6 parts of milk fat globule membrane, 0.1-0.3 parts of lysozyme, 0.1-0.2 parts of chitosan, 0.1-0.2 parts of trehalose, 2-8 parts of plant extract, 2-5 parts of compound additive.

[0009] Adopting the above technical solutions, lysozyme and chitosan are natural preservatives; and some of them also have nutritional functions, such as polyphenol antioxidant; environmentally friendly and biodegradable, so they are highly safe and suitable for cleaning; chitosan in the antibiotic-free feed has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and chitosan-trehalose can form a composite antibacterial film, which has both antibacterial and antifungal functions and a fresh-keeping function. Further, trehalose can protect the viable count of bacillus spores; chitosan belongs to a linear molecular chain and has a high positive charge density, which makes it show good solubility in aqueous solution, especially under acidic conditions. The characteristics of the above components are reflected in the role of adding them to the antibiotic-free feed. When passing through the gastrointestinal tract for the first time, it promotes the absorption of other nutrients in the stomach. After eating soft feces, the instability of its own linear structure is reduced. That is to say, the characteristics and synergistic effects of the above components can meet the phenomenon of rabbits eating soft feces.

[0010] Preferably, the plant extract includes dandelion extract and mint extract.

[0011] Adopting the above technical solution, the main components of dandelion extract are taraxasterol, inulin, polyphenolic compounds, etc., which have a certain anti-inflammatory effect and can relieve the inflammatory reaction of the gastrointestinal tract in rabbits; the abundant inulin in dandelion extract can promote the growth of beneficial intestinal flora and improve digestive function; and the polyphenolic compounds in dandelion have strong antioxidant ability, which helps to maintain the health of the gastrointestinal mucosa; generally speaking, mint extract can promote bile secretion and help with the digestion and absorption of fat.

[0012] The main components of mint extract are: menthol, flavonoid compounds, volatile oils, etc., which also have an anti-inflammatory effect and can reduce the inflammatory reaction of the gastrointestinal tract; the menthol therein has the effect of relaxing smooth muscle, can effectively relieve gastrointestinal spasms, and improve symptoms such as indigestion and abdominal distension.

[0013] Preferably, the composite additive comprises 5-15% of Bacillus coagulans, 5-15% of Clostridium butyricum, 5-15% of α-galactosidase, 5-15% of β-glucosidase and 40-60% of a carrier, and the carrier is broad bean bran.

[0014] Adopting the above technical solution, the milk fat globule membrane is a complex structure wrapped on the surface of milk fat globules, mainly composed of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates and other lipids, and synergistically acts with α-galactosidase in the composite additive to destroy the cell wall structure of the carrier broad bean bran, so that the nutrients of the carrier broad bean bran and wheat flour are released more thoroughly, and promotes the better play of the composite additive and other components.

[0015] Preferably, the viable count of Clostridium butyricum is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0016] Preferably, the viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 2×10 8 CFU / g.

[0017] Preferably, the enzyme activity of α-galactosidase is 500U / g; the enzyme activity of β-glucosidase is 500U / g.

[0018] Adopting the above technical solution, β-glucosidase can well degrade the fiber of forage, promote absorption and reduce intestinal irritation.

[0019] Preferably, the lysozyme is from the genus Streptomyces, and the enzyme activity of the lysozyme is 500-1000U / g.

[0020] Adopting the above technical solution, the lysozyme from the genus Streptomyces with an enzyme activity of 500-1000U / g can, although it can destroy the bacterial cell wall, especially Gram-positive bacteria, but when the viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 2×10 8When the content is CFU / g, especially in the presence of trehalose, it can enhance the resistance of spores, reduce the damage of lysozyme to vegetative cells. Therefore, the formulation of the component content in the present invention enables two components with conflicting properties to break the bias, coexist and better play their own roles. That is to say, it neither affects the exertion of the antiseptic effect of lysozyme nor inhibits the vegetative cells of spores; and Bacillus coagulans can prevent diarrhea and relieve antibiotic-associated enteritis, produce protease, amylase and lipase, decompose proteins, starches and fats, act on milk fat globule membrane and soybean bran, improve feed conversion rate, promote the activity of animal digestive enzymes, and has the effect of promoting the growth of the body.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an antibiotic-free rabbit feed, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1. Grind each component of the compound additive to pass through a 200-mesh sieve, mix evenly and reserve for later use;

[0023] S2. Mix timothy grass powder, wheat flour, alfalfa grass powder, milk fat globule membrane, chitosan, trehalose, and plant extract in proportion with the ground compound additive and put them into a mixer. After starting the mixer, the mixed semi-finished product enters the conditioner of the granulator through the waiting granulation bin. After high-temperature sterilization, the components are mixed with steam in the conditioner to reach a state suitable for granulation. After cooling, add lysozyme and continue to stir, then extrude through the granulator, and cut into suitable long and short particles by a cutter and enter the dryer;

[0024] S3. The feed entering the dryer is dried by hot air and then lifted to a cooling tower to obtain an antibiotic-free feed.

[0025] Preferably, the temperature for adding lysozyme after cooling in step S2 is 55-60 °C.

[0026] Adopting the above technical solution, the above-mentioned antibiotic-free feed has good palatability, is easy to store, and the active substances of each component have a long retention time.

[0027] The present invention also provides an application of the antibiotic-free rabbit feed in rabbit breeding.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] 1) Milk fat globule membrane is a component in milk, rich in phospholipids and various bioactive substances, which helps brain development and cognitive function, and also has a positive impact on intestinal health; regulates the intestinal flora, promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium, and inhibits harmful bacteria; enhances immune regulation, promotes macrophages to remove apoptotic cells, and reduces inflammation; can block pathogens, such as the binding of rotavirus and Escherichia coli to the intestine, and reduce the infection risk;

[0030] 2) The combined effect is used to regulate the body immunity and disease resistance of rabbits, improve their production performance, increase the nutrient utilization rate in the rabbit diet, and stimulate their growth potential; it can effectively replace antibiotics and avoid the toxic and side effects such as drug resistance, drug tolerance and drug residues caused by long-term use of antibiotics;

[0031] 3) Adding plant extracts to the feed can make rabbits have a cooling experience sensorially in an environment with a high cage density, maintain normal body temperature and reduce the non-disease mortality rate; that is to say, this rabbit feed can indirectly relieve the survival discomfort caused by the breeding density. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the contents of IgA and IgG in the high serum in the examples and the comparative examples;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the flora in the examples and the comparative examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below through specific examples, but it does not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] Prepare the following components: 50 parts of timothy grass powder, 25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of alfalfa grass powder, 3 parts of milk fat globule membrane, 0.1 part of lysozyme, 0.1 part of chitosan, 0.1 part of trehalose, 4 parts of plant extracts, 2 parts of compound additive;

[0037] 2 parts of dandelion extract and 2 parts of mint extract;

[0038] The compound additive includes 10% of Bacillus coagulans, 10% of Clostridium butyricum, 10% of α-galactosidase, 10% of β-glucosidase and 60% of broad bean bran.

[0039] The viable count of Clostridium butyricum is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0040] The viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 2×10 8 CFU / g.

[0041] The enzyme activity of the α-galactosidase is 500 U / g; the enzyme activity of the β-glucosidase is 500 U / g.

[0042] According to the following preparation method:

[0043] S1. Crush each component of the compound additive to pass through a 200-mesh sieve, mix evenly and set aside;

[0044] S2. Mix the above timothy grass powder, wheat flour, alfalfa grass powder, milk fat globule membrane, chitosan, trehalose, and plant extract in proportion with the crushed compound additive, put them into a mixer, start the mixer. The mixed semi-finished product enters the conditioner of the granulator through the granulation bin waiting area. After high-temperature sterilization, the components are mixed with steam in the conditioner to reach a state suitable for granulation. After cooling, add lysozyme at 60°C and continue stirring, then extrude through the granulator, and cut into appropriate lengths of particles by a cutter and enter the dryer;

[0045] S3. The feed entering the dryer is dried by hot air and then lifted to a cooling tower to obtain antibiotic-free feed.

[0046] Example 2:

[0047] Prepare the following components: 60 parts of timothy grass powder, 20 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of alfalfa grass powder, 4 parts of milk fat globule membrane, 0.2 parts of lysozyme, 0.1 parts of chitosan, 0.1 parts of trehalose, 6 parts of plant extract, 3 parts of compound additive;

[0048] 3 parts of dandelion extract and 3 parts of mint extract;

[0049] The compound additive includes 12.5% of Bacillus coagulans, 12.5% of Clostridium butyricum, 12.5% of α-galactosidase, 12.5% of β-glucosidase, and 50% of broad bean bran.

[0050] The viable count of Clostridium butyricum is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0051] The viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 2×10 8 CFU / g.

[0052] The enzyme activity of α-galactosidase is 500 U / g; the enzyme activity of β-glucosidase is 500 U / g.

[0053] According to the following preparation method:

[0054] S1. Crush each component of the compound additive to pass through a 200-mesh sieve, mix evenly and set aside;

[0055] S2. Mix the above timothy grass powder, wheat flour, alfalfa grass powder, milk fat globule membrane, chitosan, trehalose, and plant extract in proportion with the crushed compound additive, put them into a mixer, start the mixer. The mixed semi-finished product enters the conditioner of the granulator through the granulation bin waiting area. After high-temperature sterilization, the components are mixed with steam in the conditioner to reach a state suitable for granulation. After cooling, add lysozyme at 55°C and continue stirring, then extrude through the granulator, and cut into appropriate lengths of particles by a cutter and enter the dryer;

[0056] S3. The feed entering the dryer is dried by hot air and then lifted to the cooling tower to obtain antibiotic-free feed.

[0057] Example 3:

[0058] Prepare the following components: 40 parts of timothy grass powder, 22.5 parts of wheat flour, 22.5 parts of alfalfa grass powder, 6 parts of milk fat globule membrane, 0.3 part of lysozyme, 0.2 part of chitosan, 0.2 part of trehalose, 8 parts of plant extract, and 4 parts of compound additive;

[0059] 4 parts of dandelion extract and 4 parts of peppermint extract;

[0060] The compound additive includes 15% of Bacillus coagulans, 15% of Clostridium butyricum, 15% of α-galactosidase, 15% of β-glucosidase, and 40% of broad bean bran.

[0061] The viable count of Clostridium butyricum is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0062] The viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 2×10 8 CFU / g.

[0063] The enzyme activity of α-galactosidase is 500 U / g; the enzyme activity of β-glucosidase is 500 U / g.

[0064] According to the following preparation method:

[0065] S1. Crush each component of the compound additive to pass through a 200-mesh sieve, mix evenly, and set aside;

[0066] S2. Mix the above-mentioned timothy grass powder, wheat flour, alfalfa grass powder, milk fat globule membrane, chitosan, trehalose, plant extract in proportion with the crushed compound additive, put them into a mixer, start the mixer, and the mixed semi-finished product enters the conditioner of the granulator through the waiting granulation bin. After high-temperature sterilization, the components are mixed with steam in the conditioner to reach a suitable state for granulation. After cooling, add lysozyme at 58°C and continue stirring, then extrude through the granulator, and cut into suitable long and short particles by a cutter and enter the dryer;

[0067] S3. The feed entering the dryer is dried by hot air and then lifted to the cooling tower to obtain antibiotic-free feed.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] 200 - 250 g of corn flour, 100 - 150 g of wheat bran, 50 - 80 g of soybean meal powder, 100 - 150 g of fish meal, 60 - 100 g of bone meal, 100 - 150 g of alfalfa grass powder, and the rest is water, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, and a small amount of food preservative, adjusted into a paste in an appropriate proportion, and baked in an oven.

[0070] Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were used to measure the growth performance and intestinal microbial indicators according to the following experimental methods;

[0071] ① After feeding for 150 days, the contents of IgA and IgG in the sera of the rabbits in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 were measured to observe the degree of immune function of the body by the antibiotic-free feed, with reference to the appendix Figure 1 .

[0072] ② After feeding for 90 days, one rabbit was randomly selected. After the rabbit was sacrificed, the abdominal cavity was quickly opened, the intestine was taken out, placed on ice, and then each section of the digestive tract was ligated with a sterile cotton thread. After measuring the length of each intestine, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum were separated. Immediately, the chyme in the middle sections of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum was taken under sterile conditions on ice. After each treatment was mixed, it was stored in a -80 °C refrigerator for quantitative analysis of intestinal microorganisms. The contents of each section of the intestine were mixed and the total DNA of intestinal microorganisms was extracted by chemical extraction method. According to the 16sRNA sequences of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium in GenBank, universal primers for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were designed, a standard product of bacterial DNA was made, a standard curve was made, the concentration of the main flora was quantified by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and then the proportion of the flora in all the main flora was calculated, with reference to the appendix Figure 2 .

[0073] Appendix Figure 1 shows that compared with Comparative Example 1, Examples 1-3 can significantly increase the contents of IgA and IgG in the sera. That is to say, the antibiotic-free rabbit feed of the present invention can improve the immune function of the body; the appendix Figure 2 shows that the antibiotic-free feed of the present invention can stabilize the intestinal flora, reduce gastrointestinal irritation, promote feed digestion, and improve the feed conversion rate.

Claims

1. An antibiotic-free rabbit feed, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following components: 40-60 parts of timothy grass powder, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 20-25 parts of alfalfa grass powder, 3-6 parts of milk fat globule membrane, 0.1-0.3 parts of lysozyme, 0.1-0.2 parts of chitosan, 0.1-0.2 parts of trehalose, 2-8 parts of plant extracts and 2-5 parts of composite additives.

2. The antibiotic-free rabbit feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant extracts include dandelion extract and peppermint extract.

3. The antibiotic-free rabbit feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite additive comprises 5-15% of bacillus coagulans, 5-15% of clostridium butyricum, 5-15% of alpha-galactosidase, 5-15% of beta-glucosidase and 40-60% of a carrier, and the carrier is broad bean bran.

4. The antibiotic-free rabbit feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of viable Clostridium butyricum is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

5. The antibiotic-free rabbit feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The viable bacterial count of Bacillus coagulans is 2×10 8 CFU / g.

6. The antibiotic-free rabbit feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The enzyme activity of the α-galactosidase is 500 U / g; the enzyme activity of the β-glucosidase is 500 U / g.

7. The antibiotic-free rabbit feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lysozyme is from Streptomyces, and the enzyme activity of the lysozyme is 500-1000 U / g.

8. A method for preparing an antibiotic-free rabbit feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Grind each component of the composite additive until it passes through a 200-mesh sieve, mix well and set aside; S2, after mixing timothy grass powder, wheat flour, alfalfa grass powder, milk fat globule membrane, chitosan, trehalose, and plant extract with the crushed composite additive in proportion and putting them into a mixer, the mixer is started, and the mixed semi-finished product enters the conditioner of the granulator through the granulation bin, and the components are mixed with steam in the conditioner after high temperature sterilization to reach a state suitable for granulation, and lysozyme is added after cooling and continued stirring, and then extruded by the granulator, cut into suitable length particles by a cutter and enter the dryer; S3. The feed entering the dryer is dried by hot air and then lifted to the cooling tower to obtain antibiotic-free feed.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature of adding lysozyme after cooling in step S2 is 55-60°C.

10. Application of an antibiotic-free rabbit feed in rabbit breeding.

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