Method for improving quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cigars, in particular to a method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution fermentation, which comprises the following steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of Chinese herbal medicine according to a Chinese herbal medicine formula, preparing a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution, and uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution with distilled water to obtain a medium solution; (2) cigar tobacco leaves are prepared, the medium solution is evenly sprayed on the surfaces of the cigar tobacco leaves, and water balance is conducted on the cigar tobacco leaves; then filling the cigar tobacco leaves into a gunny bag, putting the gunny bag into a constant-temperature and constant-humidity incubator, setting the fermentation humidity to be 70-80% and the temperature to be 30-40 DEG C, and carrying out fermentation for 0-20 days. By adopting the method, the cigar tobacco leaves fermented by adding the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution can promote accumulation of reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves and degradation of starch and protein, reduce bitterness of the tobacco leaves, and promote degradation of nicotine and accumulation of aroma components such as neophytadiene, ketone, ester and aldehyde substances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cigars, and specifically to a method for enhancing the aroma and quality of industrially fermented cigar tobacco leaves by using a medium fermentation technology. Background Art

[0002] Due to the limitations of technical conditions, geographical environment and climate factors, the style characteristics of domestic tobacco leaves are relatively weak, and there is still a certain gap between the overall quality and imported tobacco leaves. This is mainly reflected in aspects such as lower richness of aroma notes, heavier miscellaneous odors, obvious oral residue and weaker sweetness, which has led to the domestic and international cigar markets being occupied by imported cigars all year round. Fermentation is a key step to improve quality. After fermentation, complex organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, and starches in the tobacco leaves are decomposed and transformed, and aroma components are accumulated. These improvements enhance the quality and smoking experience of cigars, and also provide a strong competitive advantage in the market.

[0003] During the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves, oxidation, microbial action and enzymatic action jointly affect the quality of cigars. The fermentation medium improves the quality of tobacco leaves by changing the chemical composition or microbial environment in the tobacco leaves. However, current domestic and international research on the fermentation process of cigars mainly focuses on the optimization of fermentation processes, and there are few reports on the co-fermentation of cigars with media. The types of media available for actual cigar production are scarce.

[0004] Chinese herbal medicines have a long history in China. Many Chinese herbal medicines are rich in flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids, lactone alkaloids and various other bioactive compounds, and have various biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. Multiple flavonoids such as chlorogenic acid and coumarin can act as aroma precursors and participate in defense and stress resistance processes, giving tobacco products a pleasant aroma and visual appeal. However, in the existing technology, there has been no report on using Chinese herbal medicine extracts as fermentation media to assist in the industrial fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves to achieve the enhancement of aroma and quality of cigars. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation with Chinese herbal medicine extracts, which can effectively enhance the aroma and quality of cigar tobacco leaves and promote the development of the Chinese cigar industry.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation with Chinese herbal medicine extracts, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Weigh a certain amount of Chinese herbal medicines according to the Chinese herbal medicine formula, prepare Chinese herbal medicine extracts, and then mix the Chinese herbal medicine extracts with distilled water to obtain a medium solution;

[0009] Among them, the Chinese herbal medicine formula is any one of the following three groups: The first group is Poria cocos, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice Root, and Chinese Date; the second group is Honeysuckle Flower, Chrysanthemum Flower, Licorice Root, and Tangerine Peel; the third group is Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum;

[0010] (2) Prepare cigar tobacco leaves, evenly spray the medium solution obtained in step (1) on the surface of the cigar tobacco leaves, and balance the moisture of the leaves; then put the cigar tobacco leaves into a burlap bag and place it in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, set the fermentation humidity to 70%-80%, and the temperature to 30°C-40°C, and carry out fermentation for a period of 0-20 days.

[0011] When the first group of Chinese herbal medicine formula is adopted, the mass ratio of Poria cocos, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice Root, and Chinese Date is 12.5:10:5:3.5; add ultrapure water to Poria cocos, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice Root, and Chinese Date, mix and heat to boiling, then filter to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0012] When the second group of Chinese herbal medicine formula is adopted, the mass ratio of Honeysuckle Flower, Chrysanthemum Flower, Licorice Root, and Tangerine Peel is 2.5:2:10:100; mix Honeysuckle Flower with hot water, let it stand for 0.5 h and then filter to obtain the extract of Honeysuckle Flower, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for later use; mix Chrysanthemum Flower with hot water, let it stand for 0.5 h and then filter to obtain the extract of Chrysanthemum Flower, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for later use; mix Licorice Root with distilled water and heat at 50°C for 1 h, cool it, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for later use; crush Tangerine Peel and sieve it through a 40-mesh sieve, take the sieved powder, mix it with water, soak it for 0.5 h, boil it for 0.5 h and then filter, add water to the filter residue and decoct it for 0.5 h, combine the decoction liquids, set the rotary evaporator to a temperature of 70°C and a rotation speed of 55 rpm, and rotary evaporate and concentrate the combined decoction liquids into a 100 mL solution; mix the extracts of Honeysuckle Flower, Chrysanthemum Flower, Licorice Root, and Tangerine Peel in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0013] When the third group of Chinese herbal medicine formula is adopted, the mass ratio of Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum is 1:1; crush Dendrobium officinale and take the powder, add ultrapure water, heat it at 80°C for 2 h, filter to obtain the extract of Dendrobium huoshanense, cool it, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for later use; add water to Ganoderma lucidum in a ratio of 1:10, extract it at 100°C for 1 h, filter it through a 200-mesh sieve, repeat the extraction of the filter residue for 1 h, and then filter it through a 200-mesh sieve, combine the two Ganoderma lucidum extracts, cool it, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for later use; mix the extracts of Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum in a ratio of 1:2 to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine extract to distilled water is 1:4.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step (2), the mass of the medium solution is 40%-60% of the mass of the cigar tobacco leaves. Preferably, the mass of the medium solution is 40%-50% of the mass of the cigar tobacco leaves.

[0016] Further, in the step (2), the tobacco leaves are balanced in moisture until the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is 24±1%.

[0017] Further, in the step (2), the fermentation conditions are as follows: the fermentation humidity is 75%, the temperature is 35°C, and the fermentation period is 10 days.

[0018] Further, it also includes a chemical composition detection step, specifically: taking tobacco leaf samples during and after the fermentation process for chemical composition detection, and using a fully automatic amino acid analyzer and HS-SPME GC / MS to quickly detect the free amino acids and volatile flavor components of the core tobacco leaves, and conducting chemical composition detection.

[0019] Among them, samples are collected on the 0th day, 10th day, and 20th day of the industrial fermentation of the core tobacco leaves. All samples are the middle core tobacco leaves of the same origin, the same variety, and the same original tobacco grade.

[0020] The chemical composition detection specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) Referring to "Tobacco Quality Analysis", use an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to measure the total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch contents, and the protein mass fraction is measured according to the method in GB / T 5009.5-2016;

[0022] (2) Referring to the fully automatic amino acid analyzer, detect the core tobacco leaf samples at different times under the treatment of different Chinese herbal medicine extracts to obtain the characteristic information of the changes in free amino acids in the samples;

[0023] (3) Use HS-SPME GC / MS detection and analysis technology to detect the core tobacco leaf samples at different times under the treatment of different Chinese herbal medicine extracts to obtain the volatile flavor substances of the samples.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The cigar tobacco leaves treated by the method of the present invention can significantly promote the accumulation of reducing sugar and the degradation of starch and protein in the tobacco leaves, reduce the bitter taste of the tobacco leaves, and at the same time promote the degradation of nicotine and the accumulation of aroma components such as phytol, ketones, esters, and aldehydes; and through experiments, it is verified that 10 days is a more suitable time for the industrial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine cigar tobacco leaves. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 Shows the differences in the chemical compositions of the core tobacco leaves under the treatment of different medium solutions.

[0027] Figure 2 Shows the composition and content of free amino acids in the core tobacco leaves under the treatment of different medium solutions.

[0028] Figure 3 The composition and content of volatile flavor substances in cigar filler tobacco leaves treated with different medium solutions. Specific implementation manners

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] A method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves by fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extracts, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0031] (1) Preparation of Chinese herbal medicine extracts

[0032] Group 1: Poria cocos, Cinnamomum cassia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Ziziphus jujuba

[0033] Weigh 12.5 g of Poria cocos, 10 g of Cinnamomum cassia, 5 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and 3.5 g of Ziziphus jujuba, measure 1600 mL of ultrapure water, mix and heat to boiling, then filter to obtain 300 mL of the extract of the first herb combination.

[0034] Group 2: Lonicera japonica, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Citrus reticulata

[0035] Weigh 2.5 g of Lonicera japonica, measure 100 mL of hot water (90 °C), mix Lonicera japonica and hot water, let it stand for extraction for 0.5 h, then filter to obtain the extract of Lonicera japonica, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for standby; take 2 g of Chrysanthemum morifolium, measure 120 mL of hot water (90 °C), mix Chrysanthemum morifolium and hot water, let it stand for extraction for 0.5 h, then filter to obtain the extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for standby; weigh 10 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, add 100 mL of distilled water, heat at 50 °C for 1 h, cool, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator for standby; pulverize Citrus reticulata and pass through a 40-mesh sieve, weigh 100 g of the sieved powder, measure 800 mL of water, mix and soak for 0.5 h, boil for 0.5 h, then filter, add 600 mL of water to the filter residue and boil for 0.5 h, combine the decoction solutions, set the rotary evaporator to a temperature of 70 °C and a rotation speed of 55 rpm, and rotary evaporate and concentrate the combined decoction solutions into 100 mL of solution. Mix the extracts of Lonicera japonica, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Citrus reticulata in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 to obtain 300 mL of the extract of the second herb combination.

[0036] Group 3: Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum

[0037] Weigh 5 g of the powder after grinding Dendrobium officinale, add 100 mL of ultrapure water, heat at 80 °C for 2 h, filter to obtain the extract of Dendrobium huoshanense, wrap it with plastic wrap after cooling and store it in the refrigerator for later use; weigh 5 g of Ganoderma lucidum, add 50 mL of water according to the ratio of 1:10, extract at 100 °C for 1 h, filter with a 200-mesh sieve, repeat the extraction of the filter residue for 1 h, filter again with a 200-mesh sieve, combine the Ganoderma lucidum extracts twice, wrap it with plastic wrap after cooling and store it in the refrigerator for later use. Mix the Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum extracts in a ratio of 1:2 to obtain 300 ml of the extract of the third Chinese herbal medicine combination.

[0038] (2) Prepare 0.40 kg of cigar tobacco leaves, take 40 mL of each of the above 3 groups of Chinese herbal medicine extracts, mix them with 160 mL of distilled water respectively, and finally prepare 200 mL of medium solution respectively. Spray the medium solution evenly on the surface of the above cigar tobacco leaves, and then stack and ferment the tobacco leaves. The fermentation conditions are: the fermentation humidity is 75%, the temperature is 35 °C, and the fermentation period is 20 d.

[0039] (3) Take samples of the tobacco leaves on the 0th day (early fermentation stage), the 10th day (mid-fermentation stage), and the 20th day (late fermentation stage), measure the content of conventional chemical components, and use an automatic amino acid analyzer and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC / MS) to quickly detect the free amino acids and volatile flavor components of the cigar filler tobacco leaves.

[0040] In addition, replace the Chinese herbal medicine medium solution with distilled water and conduct a blank control group experiment according to the same steps.

[0041] The following further details the detection results of the cigar filler tobacco leaves at different times under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments in combination with specific operation steps.

[0042] Refer to "Tobacco Quality Analysis", use an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to measure the total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch content, and the determination of the protein mass fraction refers to the method in GB / T 5009.5-2016. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 as follows.

[0043] Table 1 Chemical component content of cigar filler tobacco leaves under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments

[0044]

[0045] Note: The lowercase letters after different groups of data in the same fermentation period indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level.

[0046] After adding the Chinese herbal medicine medium, the reducing sugar content of cigar tobacco leaves generally increased and the total sugar content decreased. During the entire fermentation stage, compared with distilled water, the Chinese herbal medicine medium was more conducive to the accumulation of reducing sugar, especially in Group 1. From the early stage to the middle stage of fermentation, the starch and protein contents of the tobacco leaves basically showed an upward trend, but the starch and protein contents of the tobacco leaves fermented with Chinese herbal medicine were generally lower than those fermented with distilled water, indicating that fermentation with the Chinese herbal medicine medium could reduce the bitter taste of the tobacco leaves. As fermentation continued into the later stage, except for Group 1, the starch and protein in the other groups continued to degrade, the irritation and off-flavors of the tobacco leaves continued to weaken, and the smoking quality was greatly improved. After fermentation, the starch and protein contents in Group 3 were at the lowest level. In summary, compared with traditional fermentation with distilled water, the Chinese herbal medicine medium is conducive to the accumulation of reducing sugar and the degradation of substances such as starch and protein in cigar tobacco leaves, and has an obvious effect on reducing the bitter taste of the tobacco leaves.

[0047] An amino acid automatic analyzer was used to detect the samples of cigar filler tobacco leaves at different stages under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments, and accurately quantify the composition and content of free amino acids in the cigar filler tobacco leaves. A total of 17 free amino acids were detected, including two umami amino acids: aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu); five sweet amino acids: serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), threonine (Thr), alanine (Ala), and proline (Pro); nine bitter amino acids: tyrosine (Tyr), valine (Val), methionine (Met), isoleucine (Ile), histidine (His), arginine (Arg), leucine (Leu), phenylalanine (Phe), lysine (Lys); and one tasteless amino acid cysteine (Cys). The composition and content of free amino acids in cigar filler tobacco leaves at the early stage, middle stage, and late stage of industrial fermentation under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 as follows.

[0048] Table 2 Composition and content of free amino acids in cigar filler tobacco leaves under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments (mg / g)

[0049]

[0050] Note: Small letters after different group data in the same fermentation period indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level.

[0051] Cigar tobacco leaves were co-fermented with extracts of different Chinese herbal medicines. Among the fermented filler tobacco leaves, the content of umami amino acids was the highest, followed by sweet and bitter amino acids, and the content of tasteless amino acids was the lowest. As fermentation progressed, the total amount of sweet amino acids in the distilled water, Group 1, and Group 3 increased significantly, while in Group 2, the total amount of umami amino acids increased significantly. The umami amino acids in the tobacco leaves fermented in Group 2 were obviously more prominent. In addition, the content of bitter amino acids in the distilled water group and Group 2 gradually increased, while the content of bitter amino acids in Group 1 and Group 3 gradually decreased. The contents of umami and sweet free amino acids in the tobacco leaves fermented with distilled water were relatively low in the early stage of fermentation, and the introduction of Chinese herbal medicine media and the progress of fermentation time both increased the contents of these two major types of amino acids.

[0052] Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to detect volatile flavor substances in tobacco leaves. Sample pretreatment: Weigh 0.5 g of undried tobacco leaf samples into a 20 mL headspace vial, add 1 μL (1.03 μg / μL) of phenethyl acetate internal standard solution and 8 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution, place a rotor in it, equilibrate at 65 °C for 20 min (rotation speed: 300 r / min), extract for 35 min, then quickly pull out the extraction head and insert it into the injection port, desorb at 250 °C for 5 min and then conduct detection. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions: Chromatographic column, DB-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm); carrier gas, He; splitless injection, flow rate, 0.8 mL / min; injection port temperature 250 °C, transfer line temperature 280 °C, ion source temperature 230 °C, temperature programming: initial temperature 60 °C, hold for 1 min, increase to 180 °C at a rate of 3 °C / min, hold for 2 min, increase to 260 °C at a rate of 6 °C / min, hold for 2 min; ionization energy 70 eV; mass number range 35 - 450 amu. Qualitative analysis of volatile flavor substances was carried out by combining mass spectrometry information with the NIST 20 standard mass spectrometry database, and quantitative analysis of each substance was performed using the internal standard method. The content results of each substance in the early stage of fermentation, the middle stage of fermentation, and the late stage of fermentation are shown in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and Figure 3 as follows.

[0053] Table 3 Composition and content (μg / g) of volatile flavor substances in filler tobacco leaves treated with different Chinese herbal medicines in the early stage of fermentation

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Note: Small letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level, and " / " indicates not detected.

[0058] In the early stage of fermentation (day 0), the addition of Chinese herbal medicine medium can rapidly increase the total amount of flavor substances in tobacco leaves. However, almost all the tobacco leaves in the fermentation groups have the problems of too high nicotine content, too low neophytadiene content, and unbalanced proportions of various flavor substances. This indicates that the tobacco leaves without industrial fermentation have a strong bitter taste, uncoordinated smoke, poor overall quality, and low raw material availability.

[0059] Table 4 Composition and content of volatile flavor substances in cigar core tobacco leaves under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments in the middle stage of fermentation (μg / g)

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Note: Small letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level, and " / " indicates not detected.

[0063] Compared with the early stage of fermentation, in the middle stage of fermentation, the content of aroma substances in the tobacco leaves fermented with distilled water and in Group 1 increased significantly. However, the total amount of aroma substances in Group 2 and Group 3 decreased. Generally speaking, fermentation promoted the generation of neophytadiene, ketones, esters, and aldehydes in tobacco leaves, especially the rapid degradation of nicotine. Due to the significant change in nicotine, the total amount of overall flavor substances in cigar tobacco leaves decreased. The decrease in nicotine content will reduce the strength and irritation of cigar tobacco leaves. Neophytadiene can enhance the aromatic characteristics of tobacco and reduce irritation. In addition, the common aroma components in cigar tobacco leaves, such as solanone, geranyl acetone, and phenylacetaldehyde, increased significantly. These substances can improve the aroma quality, the fineness and sweetness of the smoke, make the overall flavor of the cigar more mellow and coordinated, and significantly improve the sensory quality.

[0064] Table 5 Composition and content of volatile flavor substances in cigar core tobacco leaves under different Chinese herbal medicine treatments in the early stage of fermentation (μg / g)

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Note: Small letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level, and " / " indicates not detected.

[0068] When the fermentation reaches the late stage, the tobacco leaves fermented with Chinese herbal medicine in a synergistic manner have richer aroma content compared with those fermented with distilled water. However, compared with the middle stage of fermentation, except for Group 2 which still maintains a relatively high total amount of flavor substances, the total aroma amount of each group has been lost to varying degrees. Although the nicotine content further decreases, the aroma components such as neophytadiene also decrease. At this time, the overall style characteristics of the tobacco leaves are relatively weak, indicating that over-fermentation is not conducive to the accumulation of aroma components.

[0069] From the analysis results of the chemical components, free amino acids and aroma components of the above cigar samples, it can be seen that the innovative addition of Chinese herbal medicine medium significantly changes the chemical components of tobacco leaves, promotes the accumulation of reducing sugar and the degradation of starch and protein, and helps to reduce the bitter taste of tobacco leaves. In addition, umami amino acids dominate in fermented cigar tobacco leaves, and Group 2 (honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, licorice and dried tangerine peel) is more conducive to the accumulation of umami amino acids, which highlights the role of Group 2 medium in enhancing the prominent umami style of cigar tobacco leaves under industrial fermentation. In addition, the addition of Chinese herbal medicine medium promotes the degradation of nicotine and the accumulation of neophytadiene, ketones, esters and aldehydes, significantly improving the aroma level of tobacco leaves. However, this promoting effect is more significant in the middle stage of fermentation and not obvious in the later stage of fermentation. Therefore, it is speculated that about 10 days of fermentation may be a more suitable fermentation time for the Chinese herbal medicine medium to improve the quality of fermented tobacco leaves.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extracts, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Weighing a certain amount of Chinese herbal medicine according to the Chinese herbal medicine formula to prepare a Chinese herbal medicine extract, and then mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract with distilled water to obtain a medium solution; The Chinese herbal medicine formula is any one of the following three groups: Group 1 is Poria cocos, cinnamon twig, liquorice and jujube; Group 2 is honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, liquorice and tangerine peel; Group 3 is dendrobium and ganoderma lucidum; (2) preparing cigar tobacco leaves, spraying the medium solution obtained in step (1) evenly on the surface of the cigar tobacco leaves to balance the moisture of the leaves; then putting the cigar tobacco leaves into a burlap bag, placing them in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, setting the fermentation humidity to 70%-80%, the temperature to 30°C-40°C, and fermenting for a period of 0 to 20 days.

2. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first group of Chinese herbal medicine formula was used, the mass ratio of Poria cocos, Cinnamon twig, Licorice root and Jujube was 12.5:10:5:3.5; Ultrapure water is added to Poria cocos, cinnamon twig, liquorice and jujube, the mixture is heated, boiled and filtered to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract.

3. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the second group of Chinese herbal medicine formula was used, the mass ratio of honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, liquorice and tangerine peel was 2.5:2:10:100; Mix honeysuckle and hot water, let it stand and extract for 0.5h, then filter to obtain the honeysuckle extract, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in a refrigerator for later use; mix chrysanthemum and hot water, let it stand and extract for 0.5h, then filter to obtain the chrysanthemum extract, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in a refrigerator for later use; mix licorice and distilled water, heat at 50°C for 1h, cool it, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in a refrigerator for later use; crush tangerine peel and pass it through a 40-mesh sieve, take the sieved powder and mix it with water, soak it for 0.5h, boil it for 0.5h, then filter it, add water to the filter residue and boil it for 0.5h, combine the decoctions, set the rotary evaporator to a temperature of 70°C and a speed of 55rpm, and concentrate the combined decoctions into 100mL of solution by rotary evaporation; mix the extracts of honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, licorice and tangerine peel in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract.

4. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the third group of Chinese herbal medicine formula was used, the mass ratio of Dendrobium and Ganoderma was 1:1; Crush the Dendrobium to obtain the powder, add ultrapure water, heat at 80°C for 2h, filter to obtain the extract of Huoshan Dendrobium, wrap it with plastic wrap after cooling and put it in a refrigerator for later use; add water to Ganoderma lucidum in a ratio of 1:10, extract it at 100°C for 1h, filter it with a 200-mesh sieve, repeatedly extract the residue for 1h, filter it with a 200-mesh sieve, combine the Ganoderma lucidum extracts twice, cool it, wrap it with plastic wrap and put it in a refrigerator for later use; mix the Dendrobium and Ganoderma lucidum extracts in a ratio of 1:2 to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract.

5. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine extract to distilled water is 1:

4.

6. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass of the medium solution is 40-60% of the mass of the cigar tobacco leaves.

7. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass of the medium solution is 40-50% of the mass of the cigar tobacco leaves.

8. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the tobacco leaves are subjected to moisture balance until the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is 24±1%.

9. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the fermentation conditions are: fermentation humidity 75%, temperature 35°C, and fermentation period of 10 days.

10. The method for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves based on fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a chemical composition detection step, specifically: taking tobacco leaf samples during the fermentation process and after the fermentation for chemical composition detection, and using a fully automatic amino acid analyzer and HS-SPME GC / MS to quickly detect the free amino acids and volatile aroma components of the core tobacco leaves, and perform chemical composition detection.

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