Graded stepped filter

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of filter manufacturing, and particularly relates to a graded stepped filter which comprises a base plate and a plurality of layers of coaxial filter cartridges, two ends of each filter cartridge are open, filter holes of the filter cartridges in the filter are gradually reduced from outside to inside, one end of each filter cartridge is detachably and hermetically connected with the base plate, and the other end of each filter cartridge is detachably and hermetically connected with the base plate. A sealing clamping part is arranged at one end, back on to the base plate, of each filter cartridge on the filter from inside to outside, and one ends, back on to the base plate, of any two adjacent filter cartridges are hermetically connected through the sealing clamping part; according to the invention, the multi-layer filter cartridges with different filter ports are coaxially sleeved and combined together to form a layer-by-layer progressive filtering mode, and the designed graded stepped filter can filter out fine particles in filtered liquid or gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of filter manufacturing, and specifically relates to a graded stepped filter. Background Art

[0002] Traditional filters only have one layer of filtering device, so their filtering efficiency and filtering degree are not enough, and they cannot effectively filter fine particles. The existing filters still use the design of the 1980s and are used on National II and National III vehicles. They cannot meet the existing environmental protection regulations and the current National V emission and above vehicle engine and emission requirements.

[0003] Therefore, the main disadvantages of the filter element of the traditional filter are as follows:

[0004] 1. Increase internal wear of the engine

[0005] Impact on the lubrication system: If ultrafine particles enter the engine through the intake system or oil port, they may enter the lubrication system along with the oil circulation. These particles may clog the oil filter or filter, resulting in insufficient oil pressure, affecting the lubrication effect of key components such as the camshaft and crankshaft, thereby aggravating wear.

[0006] Cylinder and piston wear: Particles that are not effectively filtered by the air filter may enter the combustion chamber and rub against the cylinder wall and piston ring under high temperature and high pressure environment, causing scratches and wear. Long-term accumulation may lead to cylinder pulling or cylinder deformation.

[0007] 2. Affecting combustion efficiency and carbon deposit formation

[0008] Carbon deposits in the combustion chamber: Ultrafine particles may participate in the combustion process, but due to their extremely small size, they may not be completely burned and remain in the combustion chamber or valves to form carbon deposits. Carbon deposits will reduce combustion efficiency, resulting in reduced power, increased fuel consumption, and even detonation.

[0009] Damage to the three-way catalytic converter: Unburned particulate matter may enter the exhaust system with the exhaust gas, clogging the three-way catalytic converter, affecting its purification efficiency, and may cause the catalyst to fail due to high-temperature sintering.

[0010] 3. Burden on exhaust system and particulate filter

[0011] Particle filter (GPF / DPF) blockage: Modern engines are generally equipped with particle filters to filter particulate matter in exhaust gas. Ultrafine particles of 0.1 microns can easily penetrate conventional filtering devices, causing the filter to quickly block and increase exhaust resistance. This will force the engine to increase the amount of fuel injection to maintain power, further increasing fuel consumption and carbon emissions.

[0012] Risk of regeneration function failure: If the particulate filter is frequently blocked and the regeneration function cannot effectively remove ultrafine particles, it may lead to system failures and even pose a risk of spontaneous combustion (e.g., diesel vehicles may ignite the accumulated particulate matter under the vehicle during high-temperature regeneration).

[0013] 4. Long-term damage and safety hazards

[0014] Mechanical component fatigue: Continuous particulate erosion may cause fatigue damage to internal engine components (such as connecting rods and bearings), and in extreme cases, may lead to serious failures such as connecting rod breakage and cylinder block penetration.

[0015] 5. Environmental issues

[0016] Indirect impact on the environment and health: Although the direct impact of 0.1-micron particulate matter on the engine is relatively small, its high-concentration emissions in the exhaust gas may exacerbate air pollution and, in turn, form multiple pollution sources through the environmental cycle (being re-inhaled into the intake system). Summary of the invention

[0017] The main purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology. By using a combination of coaxially sleeved filter cartridges with multiple layers of different filter openings to form a progressive filtering method, a hierarchical stepped filter is designed, which can filter out fine particulate matter in the liquid or gas to be filtered, solving the problem that traditional filtering devices cannot effectively filter fine particulate matter.

[0018] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0019] A hierarchical stepped filter, the filter includes a substrate and several coaxially arranged filter cartridges. Both ends of each filter cartridge are open. The filter holes of the filter cartridges on the filter from outside to inside gradually decrease. One end of each filter cartridge is detachably and tightly connected to the substrate. A sealing and engaging portion is provided at the end of each filter cartridge on the filter from inside to outside facing away from the substrate. The ends of any two adjacent filter cartridges facing away from the substrate are hermetically connected through the sealing and engaging portion.

[0020] Preferably, several annular first engaging grooves are provided on the inner side surface of the substrate. One first engaging groove is used for hermetically engaging with the end of one filter cartridge.

[0021] Preferably, the cross-section of the first engaging groove is trapezoidal. The top side of the trapezoid of the first engaging groove faces the outer side surface of the base. A first sealing ring that also has a trapezoidal cross-section is provided at one end of each filter cartridge for cooperation with the first engaging groove.

[0022] Preferably, a plurality of first through holes communicating with the first engaging groove are substantially provided, and the first through holes are located at the bottom of the first engaging groove.

[0023] Preferably, the length of the cross-section of the first through hole is greater than the width of the bottom of the first engaging groove.

[0024] Preferably, the sealing engaging portion includes an engaging plate, a second engaging groove, and a second sealing ring. An engaging plate is provided at one end of each filter cartridge facing away from the substrate. A second through hole coaxial with the filter cartridge is provided on the engaging plate of each filter cartridge. The second sealing ring is provided on the side of the engaging plate facing away from the filter cartridge, and the second sealing ring is coaxial with the second through hole. The second engaging groove is provided on the side of the engaging plate facing the filter cartridge outside the filter cartridge, and the second engaging groove is coaxial with the second through hole. The second sealing ring on the filter cartridge located relatively outside between any two adjacent filter cartridges is hermetically engaged with the second engaging groove on the filter cartridge located relatively inside at one end facing away from the substrate.

[0025] Preferably, a layer of protective net is coaxially provided outside the filter cartridge located relatively outermost on the filter. A preset gap is provided between the protective net and the filter cartridge located relatively outermost on the filter. One end of the protective net abuts against the substrate, and the other end is engaged and connected with the second engaging groove on the filter cartridge located relatively outermost on the filter.

[0026] Preferably, the outermost filter cartridge on the filter is used to filter impurities larger than 10 microns.

[0027] Preferably, the filter cartridge located relatively on the second layer from the outside to the inside on the filter is used to filter particulate matter with a size of 2.5 to 10 microns.

[0028] Preferably, the filter cartridge located relatively on the third layer from the outside to the inside on the filter is made of nano ultra-fine fiber material and is used to filter particulate matter with a size of 0.1 - 3 microns.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present application adopts a method of arranging a through pipe and a receiving pipe on the main frame to cooperate in transporting the blocker and the driver, and designs a hierarchical stepped filter. When an order is established at a station, the transfer bottle may not be sent immediately. Using the mechanical device of the present invention for automatically dropping the bottle into the pneumatic logistics system for sending, on the basis of not affecting the station's reception of the transfer bottle, the bottle can be automatically dropped into the pneumatic logistics system for sending during order execution.

[0031] 2. We adopt hierarchical filtration. The main filter element intercepts particles above 99.9% PM2.5, and the secondary filter element intercepts particles above 90% 1 micron. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic structural diagram of the right side;

[0035] Figure 4 is a sectional view of the present application.

[0036] Among them, 1. Filter cartridge; 2. Substrate; 3. First engaging groove; 4. First sealing ring; 5. First through hole; 6. Engaging plate; 7. Second engaging groove; 8. Second sealing ring; 9. Second through hole; 10. Protection net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] As Figures 1-4 shown, a hierarchical stepped filter, the filter includes a substrate 2 and several coaxial filter cartridges 1. Both ends of each filter cartridge 1 are open. The filter holes of the filter cartridges 1 on the filter from outside to inside decrease step by step. One end of each filter cartridge 1 is detachably and hermetically connected to the substrate 2. A sealing and engaging part is provided at one end of each filter cartridge 1 on the filter from inside to outside facing away from the substrate. One end of any two adjacent filter cartridges 1 facing away from the substrate 2 is hermetically connected through the sealing and engaging part.

[0038] In this embodiment, the substrate 2 is located at one end of the whole formed by several coaxial filter cartridges 1 (a preset gap is provided between two adjacent filter cartridges 1). The other end of the whole formed by several coaxial filter cartridges 1 is also sealed by the sealing and engaging parts on each filter cartridge 1, so that the liquid or gas to be filtered enters from the outside of the whole formed by several coaxial filter cartridges 1. Then, the impurities in the liquid or gas to be filtered are filtered layer by layer by each filter cartridge 1, so that the fine particles in the liquid or gas to be filtered can be filtered out. And due to the layer-by-layer filtration, even during the process of filtering the fine particles in the liquid or gas to be filtered, the filter will not be blocked. During the manufacturing process, a tubular connecting net can be coaxially connected to the sealing and engaging part on the outermost filter cartridge 1, and the other end of the connecting net is fixedly connected to the substrate 2. At the same time, the connecting net is located outside the outermost filter cartridge 1, which plays a role in fixing the filter cartridge 1 and the substrate 2 together.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of annular first engaging grooves 3 are provided on the inner side surface of the substrate 2, and one of the first engaging grooves 3 is used for hermetically engaging with an end portion of one of the filter cartridges 1. The purpose of providing the first engaging grooves 3 is to enable each filter cartridge 1 to have a corresponding position on the substrate 2. When too much impurities are intercepted on each layer of the filter cartridges 1 and need to be replaced, the filter cartridge 1 with attached impurities and other filter cartridges 1 located inside the filter cartridge 1 can be directly removed from the substrate 2. Then, a new filter cartridge 1 that can replace the filter cartridge 1 with attached impurities is inserted into the first engaging groove 3 on the substrate 2 that was originally used to install the filter cartridge 1 with attached impurities. After that, the filter cartridge 1 with attached impurities is removed from the whole formed by other filter cartridges 1 located inside the filter cartridge 1 and inserted into the new filter cartridge 1 that is used to replace the filter cartridge 1 with attached impurities. At the same time, one end of any two adjacent filter cartridges 1 facing away from the substrate 2 is hermetically connected through the sealing engaging portion. In this way, the filter cartridges 1 of the filter are replaced, which is very convenient, and it also does not mean that the whole filter has to be discarded as long as one filter cartridge 1 is damaged.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the first engaging groove 3 is trapezoidal, and the top side of the trapezoid of the first engaging groove 3 faces the outer side surface of the substrate 2. One end of each filter cartridge 1 is provided with a first sealing ring 4 that cooperates with the first engaging groove 3, and the cross-section of the first sealing ring 4 is also trapezoidal. By setting the cross-section of the first engaging groove 3 as trapezoidal and making the top side of the trapezoid face the side of the substrate 2 that is away from the filter cartridge 1, the purpose is to facilitate the insertion of one end of the filter cartridge 1 into the first engaging groove 3 during installation and the extraction of the filter cartridge 1 from the first engaging groove 3 during disassembly. Since the first sealing ring 4 is provided at the end of the filter cartridge 1, after the end of the filter cartridge 1 is inserted into the first engaging groove 3, it can be closely attached to the inner wall of the first engaging groove 3, ensuring the airtightness inside the filter cartridge 1 and thus preventing impurities or unfiltered liquid or gas from passing through the first engaging groove 3.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, a number of first through-holes 5 communicating with the first engaging groove 3 are provided on the base plate 2, and the first through-holes 5 are located at the bottom of the first engaging groove 3. When replacing the filter cartridge 1, some impurities adhering between the root of the filter cartridge 1 and the base plate 2 will fall into the first engaging groove 3 after the filter cartridge 1 is pulled out from the first engaging groove 3, which is inconvenient to clean. Therefore, the first through-holes 5 are provided. In this way, after the filter cartridge 1 is pulled out from the first engaging groove 3 during the replacement process of the filter cartridge 1, air can be blown into the first engaging groove 3 through the first through-holes 5 on the side of the base plate 2 facing away from the filter cartridge 1 by using a blowing nozzle, so as to blow out the impurities in the first engaging groove 3. And since the first sealing ring 4 can be completely inserted into the first engaging groove 3, no leakage will occur at the first through-holes 5 after the filter cartridge 1 is installed.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, in order to completely clean the impurities in the first engaging groove 3, the length of the cross-section of the first through-hole 5 is greater than the width of the bottom of the first engaging groove 3.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the sealing and engaging portion includes an engaging plate 6, a second engaging groove 7, and a second sealing ring 8. The engaging plate 6 is provided at one end of each filter cartridge 1 facing away from the base plate 2. A second through-hole 9 coaxial with the filter cartridge 1 is provided on the engaging plate 6 of each filter cartridge 1. The second sealing ring 8 is provided on the side of the engaging plate 6 facing away from the filter cartridge 1, and the second sealing ring 8 is coaxial with the second through-hole 9. The second engaging groove 7 is provided on the side of the engaging plate 6 facing the filter cartridge 1 outside the filter cartridge 1, and the second engaging groove 7 is coaxial with the second through-hole 9. The second sealing ring 8 on the filter cartridge 1 located on the outer side of any two adjacent filter cartridges 1 is hermetically engaged with the second engaging groove 7 on the filter cartridge 1 located on the inner side.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, a protective net 10 is coaxially provided outside the outermost filter cartridge 1 of the filter. A preset gap is provided between the protective net 10 and the outermost filter cartridge 1 of the filter. One end of the protective net 10 abuts against the base plate 2, and the other end is engaged with the second engaging groove 7 on the outermost filter cartridge 1 of the filter. By providing the protective net 10, large impurities are filtered out, that is, a primary coarse filtration is performed. Of course, after the protective net 10 is provided, it can replace the function of the connecting net. That is, the connecting net is not needed after the protective net 10 is provided.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the outermost filter cartridge 1 of the filter is used to filter impurities larger than 10 microns.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the filter cartridge 1 located relatively in the second layer from the outside to the inside of the filter is used to filter particulate matter with a size ranging from 2.5 microns to 10 microns.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the filter cartridge 1 located relatively in the third layer from the outside to the inside of the filter is made of nano-ultrafine fiber material and is used to filter particulate matter with a size ranging from 0.1 to 3 microns. After such an arrangement, the filtration becomes more refined. The outer filter cartridge 1 can intercept particulate matter with a size of more than 99.9% pm2.5, while the inner filter cartridge 1 intercepts particulate matter with a size of more than 90% of 1 micron, so that the problems mentioned in the background art will not occur when it is used in vehicles.

Claims

1. A graded stepped filter, characterized in that: The filter comprises a base plate (2) and a plurality of coaxial filter cartridges (1); both ends of each filter cartridge (1) are open; the filter holes of the filter cartridges (1) on the filter decrease step by step from the outside to the inside; one end of each filter cartridge (1) is detachably and tightly connected to the base plate (2); a sealing clamping portion is provided at one end of each filter cartridge (1) on the filter that faces away from the base plate, and the ends of any two adjacent filter cartridges (1) that face away from the base plate (2) are tightly connected via the sealing clamping portion.

2. A graded stepped filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of annular first engaging grooves (3) are provided on the inner side surface of the base plate (2), and one of the first engaging grooves (3) is used for sealingly engaging with the end of one of the filter cartridges (1).

3. A graded stepped filter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross section of the first engaging groove (3) is a trapezoid, and the top edge of the trapezoid of the first engaging groove (3) faces the outer side of the base (2). One end of each filter cartridge (1) is provided with a first sealing ring (4) that cooperates with the first engaging groove (3), and the cross section of the first sealing ring (4) is also a trapezoid.

4. A graded stepped filter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base (2) is provided with a plurality of first through holes (5) communicating with the first engaging groove (3), and the first through holes (5) are located at the bottom of the first engaging groove (3).

5. A graded stepped filter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the cross section of the first through hole (5) is greater than the width of the bottom of the first engaging groove (3).

6. A graded stepped filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing engaging portion comprises an engaging plate (6), a second engaging groove (7), and a second sealing ring (8); the engaging plate (6) is arranged at one end of each filter cartridge (1) facing away from the base plate (2); the engaging plate (6) of each filter cartridge (1) is provided with a second through hole (9) coaxial with the filter cartridge (1); the second sealing ring (8) is arranged on the side of the engaging plate (6) facing away from the filter cartridge (1); the second sealing ring (8) is coaxial with the second through hole (9); the second engaging groove (7) is arranged on the outer side of the filter cartridge (1) on the side of the engaging plate (6) facing the filter cartridge (1); the second engaging groove (7) is coaxial with the second through hole (9); between any two adjacent filter cartridges (1), the filter cartridge (1) located relatively on the outer side is sealed and engaged with the second engaging groove (7) on the filter cartridge (1) located relatively on the inner side at the end facing away from the base plate (2) through the second sealing ring (8).

7. A graded stepped filter according to claim 6, characterized in that: A layer of protective net (10) is coaxially arranged on the outside of the relatively outermost filter cartridge (1) on the filter, a gap is preset between the protective net (10) and the relatively outermost filter cartridge (1) on the filter, one end of the protective net (10) abuts against the base plate (2), and the other end is engaged and connected with a second engaging groove (7) on the relatively outermost filter cartridge (1) on the filter.

8. A graded stepped filter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outermost filter cartridge (1) on the filter is used to filter impurities larger than 10 microns.

9. A graded stepped filter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The filter cartridge (1) located relatively on the second layer from the outside to the inside of the filter is used to filter particles with a size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns.

10. A graded stepped filter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The filter cartridge (1) located relatively on the third layer from the outside to the inside of the filter is made of nano-ultrafine fiber material and is used to filter particles of 0.1-3 microns.

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