A crop waste pulverizing test bed

Abstract

A kind of crop waste crushing test bench, including installation support frame, feeding mechanism, adjusting crushing mechanism being sequentially arranged on installation support frame, adjusting crushing mechanism includes transmission cutter shaft, output cutter shaft and two groups of adjusting components, transmission cutter shaft and output cutter shaft are rotationally arranged on installation support frame, and are equipped with crushing cutter on transmission cutter shaft and output cutter shaft;Two groups of adjusting components are respectively arranged at the both ends of output cutter shaft, and any one group of adjusting components includes two first hydraulic cylinders being hingedly arranged above output cutter shaft, second hydraulic cylinder and third hydraulic cylinder being hingedly arranged below output cutter shaft installation support frame, the piston rod of two first hydraulic cylinders and second hydraulic cylinder is rotationally arranged at the one end of corresponding side output cutter shaft by transmission connecting block, and the piston rod of third hydraulic cylinder is hingedly connected with second hydraulic cylinder.The present application can explore the influence of the distance between two rollers and the distance between moving cutter and fixed cutter and the adjustment of tangent angle on the crushing effect of crop waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, specifically to a test bench for crushing agricultural waste. Background Technology

[0002] After crops are harvested, combustible agricultural waste such as corn stalks and rice stalks is generated. In order to reduce the impact of smoke from burning agricultural waste on the atmospheric environment and to effectively develop the utilization of agricultural waste, it is necessary to crush agricultural waste and return it to the field. Currently, the crushing of agricultural waste is usually carried out by agricultural waste crushers. The crushed agricultural waste can be returned to the field as a renewable energy source.

[0003] When returning crushed agricultural waste to the field, existing agricultural waste crushing and returning machines can crush it in different ways through the crushing system. However, the crushing effect obtained by different crushing methods is often very different. Moreover, the influence of the distance between the two rollers of the roller crusher and the distance and tangential angle between the moving and fixed blades on the crushing effect is not clear. All of these factors will affect the crushing effect and quality of agricultural waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a test bench for crushing agricultural waste, to investigate the effects of adjusting the distance between the two rollers and the spacing and tangential angle between the moving and fixed blades on the crushing effect of agricultural waste, and to investigate the effects of adjusting the deflection angle between the spreading plates on the spreading process of agricultural waste.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the specific solution adopted by the present invention is a crop waste crushing test bench, including a mounting support frame and a feeding mechanism and an adjusting crushing mechanism arranged sequentially on the mounting support frame. The feeding mechanism is used to transport the crop waste to the adjusting crushing mechanism.

[0006] The adjusting crushing mechanism includes a transmission cutter shaft, an output cutter shaft, and two sets of adjusting components. Both the transmission cutter shaft and the output cutter shaft are rotatably mounted on a mounting support frame, and crushing blades are installed on both the transmission cutter shaft and the output cutter shaft. The two sets of adjusting components are respectively located at both ends of the output cutter shaft. Each set of adjusting components includes two first hydraulic cylinders hinged above the output cutter shaft, and a second hydraulic cylinder and a third hydraulic cylinder hinged below the output cutter shaft on the mounting support frame. The piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders and the second hydraulic cylinder are rotatably mounted at one end of the corresponding side of the output cutter shaft through a transmission connecting block, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned agricultural waste crushing test bench: a fixed hinge support is provided on the mounting support frame, the second hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the fixed hinge support through the support connecting rod, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the support connecting rod.

[0008] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: an arc-shaped cover is provided on the mounting support frame to prevent the crop waste from collapsing outward during crushing. The inner arc surface of the cover faces the adjustment crushing mechanism, and fixed supports are respectively provided on the outer arc surface of the cover corresponding to the position of the first hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the corresponding fixed support.

[0009] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: a throwing mechanism is set on one side of the adjustment crushing mechanism on the installation support frame. The throwing mechanism is used to throw out the crop waste crushed by the adjustment crusher. The throwing mechanism includes a gear connecting plate, a straight plate, and multiple left-swing throwing arc plates and multiple right-swing throwing arc plates respectively set on both sides of the straight plate. The upper ends of the straight plate and the multiple left-swing throwing arc plates and the multiple right-swing throwing arc plates are connected by the gear connecting plate.

[0010] As another optimization of the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: a strip-shaped sliding hole is opened in the middle of the gear connecting plate for the upper end of the corresponding straight plate to slide through. Multiple left adjustment sliding holes and multiple right adjustment sliding holes are opened on both sides of the strip-shaped sliding hole on the gear connecting plate. The left adjustment sliding hole is for the upper end of the corresponding left swinging and throwing arc plate to slide through, and the right adjustment sliding hole is for the upper end of the corresponding right swinging and throwing arc plate to slide through.

[0011] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: both the left and right adjustment sliding holes are composed of strip holes arranged parallel to the strip-shaped sliding holes and multiple bifurcated arc holes spaced apart on both sides of the strip holes.

[0012] As another optimization of the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: multiple sets of mounting flanges for installing and fixing crushing blades are respectively provided on the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft. Each set of mounting flanges consists of two single flanges, and the crushing blades are set between the two single flanges.

[0013] As another optimization scheme for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: two sets of crushing blades are set between any two single flanges on the output cutter shaft, and the included angle between the two sets of crushing blades is 180°. Any set of crushing blades consists of two L-shaped crushing blades and a straight crushing blade set between the two L-shaped crushing blades.

[0014] As another optimization scheme for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: two crushing blades are set between any two single flanges on the transmission blade shaft, the included angle between the two crushing blades is 180°, and both crushing blades are Y-shaped crushing blades.

[0015] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: the feeding mechanism includes an active roller, a driven roller, and a first drive motor. The active roller is connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor, and a conveyor belt for carrying and transporting crop waste is provided between the active roller and the driven roller.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. In this invention, the feeding mechanism and the adjusting crushing mechanism are sequentially mounted on the mounting support frame. Both the transmission cutter shaft and the output cutter shaft are rotatably mounted on the mounting support frame. The transmission cutter shaft and the output cutter shaft crush agricultural waste through crushing blades mounted on their respective shafts. The piston rods of two first hydraulic cylinders hinged above both ends of the output cutter shaft are rotatably connected to the output cutter shaft via transmission connecting blocks. The piston rods of the second hydraulic cylinders hinged below the output cutter shaft are rotatably connected to the output cutter shaft via transmission connecting blocks. The output cutter shaft remains relatively stable under the pull of the two first hydraulic cylinders and the support of the second and third hydraulic cylinders. The extension and retraction of the piston rods of the second hydraulic cylinders can push the output cutter shaft to move along the line connecting the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft, thereby adjusting the distance between the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft, as well as adjusting the distance between the crushing blades on the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft. The third hydraulic cylinder is hinged to one side of the second hydraulic cylinder. It is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder by the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder. The extension and retraction of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder can push the output cutter shaft to rotate along an arc with the transmission cutter shaft as the center of rotation through the second hydraulic cylinder. This allows for the adjustment of the tangential angle between the crushing cutters on the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft. This leads to an experiment to investigate the effect of adjusting the distance between the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft, as well as the distance and tangential angle between the crushing cutters on the two shafts, on the crushing effect.

[0018] 2. The spreading mechanism in this invention can discharge the crushed agricultural waste from the adjusting crushing mechanism. The upper ends of the central straight plate, multiple left-swinging spreading plates, and multiple right-swinging spreading plates are all slidably inserted into corresponding strip-shaped sliding holes, left adjustment sliding holes, and right adjustment sliding holes on the stop connecting plate. The crushed agricultural waste is discharged through the central straight plate in the spreading mechanism. The crushed agricultural waste on the left side can be splashed out from the channel between the multiple left-swinging spreading arc plates, and the crushed agricultural waste on the right side can be thrown out from the channel between the multiple right-swinging spreading arc plates. In addition, by adjusting the position of the central straight plate, multiple left-swinging spreading arc plates, and multiple right-swinging spreading arc plates in the corresponding strip-shaped sliding holes, left adjustment sliding holes, and right adjustment sliding holes, the spacing between the central straight plate, multiple left-swinging spreading arc plates, and multiple right-swinging spreading arc plates can be changed, so that the spreading mechanism can adapt to different crushed agricultural waste. uniform The need for scattering and discharging has expanded the range of types of agricultural waste that can be crushed. The even scattering of agricultural waste allows the soil to better decompose the waste and increases the degradation rate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 To adjust the structural diagram of the component;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure for mounting a Y-shaped tool on a flange mounted on a transmission tool shaft;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a structure with an L-shaped crusher mounted on a flange on the output cutter shaft;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-shaped shredder.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a straight crushing blade installed between two L-shaped crushing blades;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a single flange.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spraying mechanism;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the driven roller being mounted on the tail bearing housing via a driven shaft.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Mounting support frame; 101. Feeding support frame; 2. Feeding mechanism; 201. Driven roller; 2011. Driven rotating shaft; 2012. Bearing groove; 202. Conveyor belt; 203. Driven roller; 204. Bearing seat; 205. Rotating shaft; 206. Clamping element; 2061. Mounting block; 2062. Tightening nut; 2063. Tightening bolt; 207. Motor cover; 208. Tail bearing seat; 3. Adjusting crushing mechanism; 301. Machine cover; 302. Output cutter shaft; 303. Mounting flange; 3031. Flange retaining ring; 304. Adjusting assembly; 3041. First hydraulic cylinder; 3042. Transmission connecting block. 3043, Third hydraulic cylinder; 3044, Second hydraulic cylinder; 305, Crushing blade; 3051, Straight crushing blade; 3052, L-shaped crushing blade; 3053, Y-shaped crushing blade; 306, Transmission blade shaft; 307, Support connecting rod; 3071, Fixed hinge support; 308, Mounting adjustment hole; 4, Spraying upper plate; 5, Spraying mechanism; 501, Gear connecting plate; 5011, Right adjustment sliding hole; 5012, Left adjustment sliding hole; 5013, Strip sliding hole; 502, Left swinging spraying arc plate; 503, Middle straight plate; 504, Right swinging spraying arc plate; 505, Spraying lower plate; 506, Spraying base plate; 6, Camera; 7, Fixed upright plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Parts not described in detail in the following embodiments of the present invention, such as the model and specifications of the first drive motor and the second drive motor, the model and specifications of the first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder and the third hydraulic cylinder, etc., should be known or should be known by those skilled in the art.

[0031] A test bench for crushing agricultural waste, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a mounting support frame 1, a feeding mechanism 2, an adjusting crushing mechanism 3, and a scattering mechanism 5, wherein the feeding mechanism 2, the adjusting crushing mechanism 3, and the scattering mechanism 5 are arranged on the mounting support frame 1 from left to right.

[0032] A feeding support frame 101 is fixed on the upper left side of the mounting support frame 1 at the position corresponding to the feeding mechanism 2. The feeding mechanism 2 is installed on the feeding support frame 101, so that the feeding mechanism 2 is located in the middle of the adjusting crushing mechanism 3, so that the feeding mechanism 2 can transport agricultural waste into the adjusting crushing mechanism 3 for crushing.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the adjusting crushing mechanism 3 includes a transmission cutter shaft 306, an output cutter shaft 302, and two sets of adjusting components 304. Both the transmission cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302 are equipped with crushing blades 305. Both the transmission cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302 are rotatably mounted on the mounting support frame 1. The transmission cutter shaft 306 is positioned below the output cutter shaft 302. Fixed mounting plates are installed on the mounting support frame 1 at positions corresponding to both ends of the transmission cutter shaft 306. Bearing seat holes are provided on the fixed mounting plates, and bearings are installed in these holes to allow the ends of the transmission cutter shaft 306 to pass through and support its rotation. Furthermore, a retaining ring is provided on the transmission cutter shaft 306, which keeps the transmission cutter shaft 306 on the fixed mounting plate and restricts its position. The structure of the output cutter shaft 302 is similar to that of the transmission cutter shaft 306 and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] Adjustment components 304 are respectively disposed at both ends of the output cutter shaft 302. The adjustment components 304 include two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 disposed above the output cutter shaft 302, and a second hydraulic cylinder 3044 and a third hydraulic cylinder 3043 disposed below the output cutter shaft 302. The piston rod ends of the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 are provided with transmission connecting blocks 3042. The transmission connecting blocks 3042 are fixed to the outer ring of the bearing disposed at the end of the output cutter shaft 302. The transmission connecting blocks 3042 are respectively provided with threaded holes. The piston rod ends of the corresponding first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the second hydraulic cylinders 3044 are provided with external threads for screwing into the corresponding threaded holes.

[0035] A machine cover 301 is mounted on the mounting support frame 1, above the adjusting crushing mechanism 3, and spans across it. The left end of the machine cover 301 is fixed to the mounting support frame 1 on both sides of the feeding mechanism 2, and the right end of the machine cover 301 is connected to the throwing mechanism 5 through the throwing plate 4. Fixed supports are provided on both sides of the outer arc surface of the machine cover 301 corresponding to the positions of the cylinder bodies of the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041, and the cylinder bodies of the first hydraulic cylinders 3041 are hinged to the corresponding fixed supports.

[0036] The second hydraulic cylinder 3044 is hinged to the left side, and the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is hinged to the right side. A support rod 307 is fixed to the lower side of the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044, which extends along its length. The lower end of the support rod 307 is hinged to a fixed hinge support 3071 fixed to the mounting support frame 1. The fixed hinge support 3071 is mounted on a flat plate, and the side of the flat plate is fixed to the side of the mounting support frame 1.

[0037] The piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is hinged to the upper end of the support rod 307 on the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 via a transmission connecting block 3042. The end of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is provided with a threaded hole for screwing into the threaded hole on the transmission connecting block 3042. The transmission connecting block 3042 is provided with a protruding round hole for hinged connection with the support rod 307. The cylinder body of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is hinged on the side of the mounting support frame 1. The output cutter shaft 302 is kept relatively stable by the pulling of the first hydraulic cylinder 3041 at both ends and the support of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 and the third hydraulic cylinder 3043.

[0038] When it is necessary to adjust the distance between the output cutter shaft 302 and the transmission cutter shaft 306, the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 is activated, and the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 work in sync. The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 extends, and the output cutter shaft 302 moves along the line connecting the output cutter shaft 302 and the transmission cutter shaft 306 under the push of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044, and the distance between the output cutter shaft 302 and the transmission cutter shaft 306 gradually increases. Correspondingly, the distance between the output cutter shaft 302 and the transmission cutter shaft 306 gradually decreases as the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 contracts, thus conducting an experiment to explore the impact of adjusting the distance between the output cutter shaft 302 and the transmission cutter shaft 306 on the crushing effect and quality of agricultural waste.

[0039] When it is necessary to adjust the tangential angle between the output cutter shaft 302 and the crushing cutter 305 on the transmission cutter shaft 306, the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is activated, and the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 work in sync. The extension and retraction of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 can push the output cutter shaft 302 to rotate along an arc with the transmission cutter shaft 306 as the center of rotation through the second hydraulic cylinder 3044, thereby conducting an experiment to investigate the impact of the change in the tangential angle between the crushing cutter 305 on the output cutter shaft 302 and the crushing cutter 305 on the transmission cutter shaft 306 on the crushing effect and quality of agricultural waste.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the transmission cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302 are each provided with three sets of mounting flanges 303 for mounting and fixing the corresponding crushing blades 305. Each set of mounting flanges 303 consists of two single flanges, and the crushing blade 305 is disposed between the two single flanges. The transmission cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302 are provided with flange threaded holes for mounting and fixing the mounting flanges 303, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the outer side of the mounting flange 303 extends to form a flange retaining ring 3031. The flange retaining ring 3031 has mounting holes. The mounting flange 303 is fixed by bolts passing through the aligned mounting holes and flange threaded holes.

[0041] The mounting flange 303 has multiple flange mounting holes evenly spaced around its circumference for mounting and fixing the crushing blades 305. The handles of the crushing blades 305 on both the drive shaft 306 and the output shaft 302 have mounting holes for the corresponding shafts to pass through. Seven mounting adjustment holes 308 are formed around the mounting holes on the semicircle of the handle of the crushing blades 305 on the drive shaft 306, away from the blade head. These seven mounting adjustment holes 308 allow the crushing blades 305 to be rotated and fitted onto the corresponding mounting flange 303 at seven different angles, facilitating the study of the crushing effect when the crushing blades 305 on the drive shaft 306 rotate at different angles.

[0042] Two crushing blades 305 are installed on the drive cutter shaft 306 between two single flanges. These crushing blades 305 are Y-shaped crushing blades 3053, and the included angle between the heads of the two Y-shaped crushing blades 3053 between each set of mounting flanges 303 is 180°. Two sets of crushing blades 305 are installed on the output cutter shaft 302 between two single flanges. Each set of crushing blades 305 consists of two L-shaped crushing blades 3052 and a straight crushing blade 3051 positioned between the two L-shaped crushing blades 3052. The included angle between the heads of the corresponding sets of crushing blades 305 is 180°. Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the two tips of the Y-shaped shredder 3053 gradually decrease in thickness from the middle to one side to form a cutting edge, which increases the cutting ability of the Y-shaped shredder 3053 and improves the shredding effect.

[0043] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in a set of crushing blades 305 on the output cutter shaft 302, the two L-shaped crushing blades 3052 have their blades facing opposite directions. One L-shaped crushing blade 3052 has its blade facing to the left relative to the straight crushing blade 3051, and the other L-shaped crushing blade 3052 has its blade facing to the right relative to the straight crushing blade 3051. The thickness of the two L-shaped crushing blades 3052 gradually decreases from their middle to one side, forming a cutting edge and improving crushing efficiency. In addition, the L-shaped crushing blades 305 can effectively pick up agricultural waste straw conveyed by the feeding mechanism 2.

[0044] The handle of the straight shredder 3051 between the two L-shaped shredders 3052 also has a mounting hole. The part of the straight shredder 3051 between the two L-shaped shredders 3052 is the blade head. The thickness of the blade head gradually decreases from the middle to the sides, forming the cutting edge. The thickness of the cutting edge is half the thickness of the blade head. Both sides of the straight shredder 3051 are provided with serrations, which can more effectively shred tough straw.

[0045] The crushing blades 305 on the output cutter shaft 302 are arranged opposite to the crushing blades 305 on the transmission cutter shaft 306. The straight crushing blade 3051 between the two L-shaped crushing blades 3052 on the output cutter shaft 302 is located at the middle of the bifurcation end of the Y-shaped crushing blade 3053 on the transmission cutter shaft 306. This arrangement can reduce the gap between the output cutter shaft 302 and the transmission cutter shaft 306 when they are rolled together, thereby efficiently and fully crushing agricultural waste.

[0046] Furthermore, both ends of the transmission cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302 are provided with keyways, which are single-round-head flat keyways. A synchronous pulley is keyed to one end of the transmission cutter shaft 306, and a synchronous pulley is also keyed to the corresponding end of the output cutter shaft 302. The two synchronous pulleys are connected by a synchronous belt. The other end of the transmission cutter shaft 306 is connected to a second drive motor via a coupling to drive the transmission cutter shaft 306 to rotate. The rotating transmission cutter shaft 306 can drive the output cutter shaft 302 to rotate synchronously via the synchronous belt, thereby crushing agricultural waste.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the spreading mechanism 5 is located on the right side of the adjusting crushing mechanism 3. The spreading mechanism 5 can throw out the agricultural waste crushed by the adjusting crusher. The spreading mechanism 5 includes a gear connecting plate 501, a central straight plate 503, three left-swinging spreading arc plates 502 and three right-swinging spreading arc plates 504. The central straight plate 503 is vertically arranged in the middle. The three left-swinging spreading arc plates 502 are evenly spaced vertically on the right side of the central straight plate 503, with their inner arc surfaces all facing to the right. The three right-swinging spreading arc plates 504 are evenly spaced on the left side of the central straight plate 503, with their inner arc surfaces all facing to the left.

[0048] The central straight plate 503, the three left-swinging spraying arc plates 502, and the three right-swinging spraying arc plates 504 are connected by a stop connecting plate 501. The channels formed between the central straight plate 503 and the left-swinging spraying arc plates 502 and the right-swinging spraying arc plates 504 allow the crushed agricultural waste in the middle to be thrown out. The channels between adjacent left-swinging spraying arc plates 502 allow the crushed agricultural waste on the left to be discharged. The channels between adjacent right-swinging spraying arc plates 504 allow the crushed agricultural waste on the right to be discharged, so that the crushed agricultural waste is thrown out more evenly.

[0049] Furthermore, one side of the gear connecting plate 501 is connected to the machine cover 301 via the upper throwing plate 4. The mounting support frame 1 below the straight plate 503, the three left-swinging throwing arc plates 502, and the three right-swinging throwing arc plates 504 is equipped with a lower throwing plate 505 and a bottom throwing plate 506. The outer arc surface of the lower throwing plate 505 faces the adjusting crushing mechanism 3. One long side of the lower throwing plate 505 is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom throwing plate 506. The other long side of the lower throwing plate 505 is located below the straight plate 503 but does not contact it. Both the lower throwing plate 505 and the upper throwing plate 4 are 1 / 4 circle arcs, which facilitates the successful throwing of crushed straw through the arc-shaped lower throwing plate 505 and the upper throwing plate 4, reducing the splashing of crushed straw in corners and gaps and improving the throwing efficiency.

[0050] A fixed upright plate 7 is provided on the long side of the mounting support frame 1. The two ends of the gear connecting plate 501 are fixed to the fixed upright plates 7 located on both sides. A strip-shaped sliding hole 5013 is provided in the middle of the gear connecting plate 501 along its width direction. The straight plate 503 passes through the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013 through the sliding column provided at its upper end and can move along the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013. The position of the straight plate 503 can be adjusted by sliding the sliding column and the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013.

[0051] A left adjustment sliding hole 5012 is provided on the gear connecting plate 501 at the position corresponding to the left swinging spray arc plate 502. The left swinging spray arc plate 502 passes through the corresponding left adjustment sliding hole 5012 via a sliding post set at its upper end. The position and swing angle of the left swinging spray arc plate 502 are adjusted by sliding the sliding post within the adjustment sliding hole. A right adjustment sliding hole 5011 is provided on the gear connecting plate 501 at the position corresponding to the right swinging spray arc plate 504. The right swinging spray arc plate 504 passes through the corresponding right adjustment sliding hole 5011 via a sliding post set at its upper end. The sliding post of the right adjustment sliding hole and the right adjustment sliding hole 5011 adjust the position and swing angle of the right swinging spray arc plate 504. Both the left adjustment sliding hole 5012 and the right adjustment arc hole are composed of a strip hole arranged parallel to the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013 and multiple bifurcated arc holes spaced apart on both sides of the strip hole.

[0052] By adjusting the deflection angles of the left-swinging spraying arc plate 502 and the right-swinging spraying arc plate 504, agricultural waste can be evenly sprayed out, allowing the soil to better corrode the evenly sprayed agricultural waste. This study explores the impact of adjusting the deflection angle of the spraying plates on the agricultural waste spraying process.

[0053] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 9As shown, the feeding mechanism 2 includes a drive roller 203, a driven roller 201, a first drive motor, and a conveyor belt 202. The drive roller 203 and the driven roller 201 are parallel to each other. The drive roller 203 is rotatably mounted on the feeding support frame 101 via rotating shafts 205 located at both ends of the drive roller 203. The feeding support frame 101 is provided with a bearing seat 204 for supporting the rotating shafts 205 of the drive roller 203 through which they rotate. The bearing in the bearing seat 204 is a deep groove ball bearing, and a bearing retainer ring is provided inside the bearing seat 204. The bearing seat 204 is fixed to the feeding support frame 101 by bolts.

[0054] like Figure 10 As shown, bearing grooves 2012 are respectively opened on both end faces of the driven roller 201, and bearings are installed in both bearing grooves 2012. A driven shaft 2011 passes through the two bearings and is connected to the driven roller 201 via the bearings. Bearing end caps are fixed to both end faces of the driven roller 201 by bolts. The inner side of the bearing end caps is provided with protrusions that can tighten and fix the bearings.

[0055] Tail bearing seats 208 are installed on the feeding support frame 101 at both ends of the driven roller 201. Each tail bearing seat 208 has a U-shaped groove, into which the two ends of the driven shaft 2011 pass. Furthermore, the tail bearing seat 208 has a transverse threaded hole, into which a bolt for fixing the driven shaft 2011 is installed, and a nut is fitted onto the bolt. By adjusting the position of the driven shaft 2011 within the U-shaped groove of the tail bearing seat 208, the forward and backward movement of the driven shaft 201 can be controlled, thereby driving the driven roller 201 to tension the conveyor belt 202. Tensioning the conveyor belt 202 increases its efficiency in transporting agricultural waste.

[0056] like Figure 9 As shown, a synchronous pulley is keyed to one end of the drive roller 203, where the shaft 205 passes through the corresponding side bearing seat 204. A motor cover 207 is provided on the feeding support frame 101. The first drive motor is fixed to the motor cover 207 by hexagonal bolts. The output shaft of the first drive motor passes through the motor cover 207 and is fitted with a synchronous pulley. The synchronous pulley is keyed to the output shaft of the first drive motor. The two synchronous pulleys are connected by a synchronous belt drive. The first drive motor drives the drive roller 203 to rotate through the synchronous belt.

[0057] The conveyor belt 202 is installed between the drive roller 203 and the driven roller 201 to carry and transport agricultural waste. When the first drive motor starts, the rotation of the drive roller 203 can drive the conveyor belt 202 to rotate, and the rotation of the conveyor belt 202 can drive the driven roller 201 to rotate synchronously, thereby transporting the agricultural waste into the crushing mechanism for crushing.

[0058] Furthermore, a clamping member 206 is provided on the feeding support frame 101 below the motor cover 207. The clamping member 206 includes a mounting block 2061, a tightening bolt 2063, and a tightening nut 2062. The tightening nut 2062 is mounted on the tightening bolt 2063, and the mounting block 2061 is fixed to the feeding support frame 101. The tightening bolt 2063 passes vertically through a longitudinal threaded hole in the middle of the mounting block 2061, and its end abuts against the timing belt. By tightening the tightening nut 2062, the tightening bolt 2063 moves upward to tighten the timing belt and prevent slippage during timing belt transmission.

[0059] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, a camera 6 is fixed on each of the fixed upright plates on both sides of the gear connecting plate 501. The camera 6 is a height camera that rotates 360°. The camera 6 can record the process of agricultural waste being thrown and falling onto the throwing base plate 506 at a very high frame rate. Through the camera 6, the position information of the accelerated movement of agricultural waste can be clearly seen, thereby obtaining the change law of the speed and displacement of the broken rod group during the throwing process, and realizing the exploration of the change law of the movement of broken rods.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the machine cover 301 is equipped with an observation window for easy observation and adjustment of the crushing of agricultural waste within the crushing mechanism 3. The machine cover 301 has channels for the passage of agricultural waste at one end located on both sides of the conveyor belt 202. The machine cover 301 is designed based on the Archimedes' spiral, ensuring that the output cutter shaft 302 can move to its maximum extent within the machine cover 301 while also ensuring its normal rotation.

Claims

1. A test bench for crushing agricultural waste, characterized in that: It includes an installation support frame (1) and a feeding mechanism (2) and an adjusting crushing mechanism (3) arranged sequentially on the installation support frame (1). The feeding mechanism (2) is used to transport agricultural waste to the adjusting crushing mechanism (3). The adjusting crushing mechanism (3) includes a transmission cutter shaft (306), an output cutter shaft (302), and two sets of adjusting components (304). Both the transmission cutter shaft (306) and the output cutter shaft (302) are rotatably mounted on the mounting support frame (1), and crushing blades (305) are mounted on both the transmission cutter shaft (306) and the output cutter shaft (302). The two sets of adjusting components (304) are respectively located at both ends of the output cutter shaft (302). Each set of adjusting components (304) includes components hinged to the output cutter shaft (306). Two first hydraulic cylinders (3041) above the output cutter shaft (302), a second hydraulic cylinder (3044) and a third hydraulic cylinder (3043) are hinged on the support frame (1) below the output cutter shaft (302). The piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders (3041) and the second hydraulic cylinder (3044) are respectively rotatably set at one end of the corresponding side output cutter shaft (302) through the transmission connecting block (3042). The piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder (3043) is hinged to the second hydraulic cylinder (3044). A sprinkling mechanism (5) is provided on one side of the adjustment crushing mechanism (3) on the mounting support frame (1). The sprinkling mechanism (5) is used to throw out the crop waste after the adjustment crusher. The sprinkling mechanism (5) includes a gear connecting plate (501), a straight plate (503), and multiple left-swinging sprinkling arc plates (502) and multiple right-swinging sprinkling arc plates (504) respectively set on both sides of the straight plate (503). The upper ends of the straight plate (503) and the multiple left-swinging sprinkling arc plates (502) and the multiple right-swinging sprinkling arc plates (504) are connected by the gear connecting plate (501). The gear connecting plate (501) has a strip-shaped sliding hole (5013) in the middle for the upper end of the corresponding straight plate (503) to slide through. On the gear connecting plate (501), multiple left adjustment sliding holes (5012) and multiple right adjustment sliding holes (5011) are respectively opened on both sides of the strip-shaped sliding hole (5013). The left adjustment sliding hole (5012) is for the upper end of the corresponding left swinging spray arc plate (502) to slide through, and the right adjustment sliding hole (5011) is for the upper end of the corresponding right swinging spray arc plate (504) to slide through. Both the left adjustment slide hole (5012) and the right adjustment slide hole (5011) are composed of a strip hole arranged parallel to the strip slide hole (5013) and multiple bifurcated arc holes spaced apart on both sides of the strip hole.

2. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting support frame (1) is provided with a fixed hinge support (3071). The second hydraulic cylinder (3044) is hinged to the fixed hinge support (3071) through the support connecting rod (307). The piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder (3043) is hinged to the support connecting rod (307).

3. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting support frame (1) is provided with an arc-shaped cover (301) to prevent the agricultural waste from collapsing during crushing. The inner arc surface of the cover (301) faces the adjustment crushing mechanism (3). Fixed supports are provided on the outer arc surface of the cover (301) corresponding to the position of the first hydraulic cylinder (3041). The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder (3041) is hinged to the corresponding fixed support.

4. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output cutter shaft (302) and the transmission cutter shaft (306) are respectively provided with multiple sets of mounting flanges (303) for mounting and fixing the crushing cutter (305). Each set of mounting flanges (303) consists of two single flanges, and the crushing cutter (305) is set between the two single flanges.

5. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two sets of crushing blades (305) are set between any two single flanges on the output blade shaft (302). The included angle between the two sets of crushing blades (305) is 180°. Any set of crushing blades (305) consists of two L-shaped crushing blades (3052) and a straight crushing blade (3051) set between the two L-shaped crushing blades (3052).

6. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two crushing blades (305) are provided between any two single flanges on the transmission cutter shaft (306). The included angle between the two crushing blades (305) is 180°, and both crushing blades (305) are Y-shaped crushing blades (3053).

7. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (2) includes an active roller (203), a driven roller (201), and a first drive motor. The active roller (203) is connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor. A conveyor belt (202) for carrying and transporting agricultural waste is provided between the active roller (203) and the driven roller (201).

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