Deep sea expansion type end expansion power anchor and installation and construction method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and discloses a deep sea expansion type end expansion power anchor and an installation construction method. The end expansion anchor comprises an anchor body and an external device, an expansion material and an internal device. According to the end expansion anchor based on the expansion material, the bearing performance of a seabed foundation is remarkably improved through the combination of the expansion technology of the expansion material and an anchoring structure of an umbrella-shaped anchor. According to the innovative scheme, the construction problem under the complex seabed environment is solved, and powerful technical support is provided for safe and stable operation of ocean engineering. Meanwhile, the characteristics of environmental protection, safety and easy management also accord with the development trend of modern ocean engineering, and the method has a wide application prospect. The advantages of an expansion material expansion technology and a traditional torpedo anchor are combined, and the bearing capacity and stability of a seabed foundation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and relates to a deep-sea expandable end-expanded dynamic anchor and an installation construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global ocean economy, the scale of ocean engineering construction has been continuously expanding, and higher requirements have been put forward for the bearing performance of ocean foundations. As an important cornerstone for supporting offshore structures and ensuring the safety of ocean engineering, the stability and bearing capacity of ocean foundations are directly related to the safety and service life of the entire project. However, the ocean environment is complex and variable, and the seabed geological conditions vary greatly. Traditional ocean foundation design and construction methods often struggle to fully meet various engineering requirements. Currently, torpedo anchors are commonly used in deep-sea environments. The torpedo anchor has a cylindrical outer shape and a hollow interior, and can be filled with high-density materials such as lead to increase its own weight and maintain its uplift stability. The lower end is conical, facilitating penetration into the seabed soil. It relies on its own weight to free-fall into the seabed and improves its uplift bearing capacity through the friction with the seabed soil and the increased surface area possibly caused by the deployment of the tail fins. Although torpedo anchors have the advantages of low cost and simple installation, relying solely on their own weight and the depth of penetration into the seabed cannot meet the actual engineering requirements. Static crushing is a new method for crushing or cutting rocks and concrete developed in recent years, also known as static fracturing or static crushing technology. Its main principle is that the static crushing agent installed in the borehole of the medium reacts with water after hydration, causing the crystals of the crushing agent to deform and generate volume expansion, thereby slowly and quietly applying the expansion pressure (30 Mpa - 50 Mpa) to the borehole wall. After a period of time, it reaches the maximum value and breaks the medium.

[0003] As an important component for supporting subsea pipelines, platforms, and other ocean structures, the performance of subsea anchors directly affects the safety and reliability of the entire project. Traditional anchoring methods often face many challenges in the complex and variable ocean environment, such as complex soil conditions and strong water flow impact forces, which may lead to poor anchoring effects or failures. To overcome these problems, end-expanded anchors have gradually attracted attention due to their unique structural design and excellent anchoring performance. Through their expanded structure, end-expanded anchors can increase the contact area with the surrounding soil, thereby providing greater uplift force and stability.

[0004] Traditional anchor bolts mostly adopt an equal - cross - section cylindrical design, which is prone to slip or pull - out in soft soil or sandy strata due to insufficient end anchoring force, and their lateral shear resistance is limited. In the existing technology, although there are some anchor bolt designs with enlarged ends, most of their enlarged structures are fixed (such as pre - fabricated conical heads), which are difficult to adapt to complex stratum changes, and are prone to stress concentration under dynamic ocean loads, leading to structural fatigue or accelerated corrosion. Wu Xuezhen proposed a new type of deep - water grouting anchor in "Rock and Soil Mechanics". The anchor is sunk into the seabed by its own weight, and then grout is injected into the anchor. The grout squeezes the soil and forms a grouting solidified block around the anchor body, increasing the contact area between the anchor body and the surrounding soil and effectively improving the uplift resistance. However, in this special seabed environment, relying on the combination of grouting and end - enlarged anchors faces many challenges. For example, in the seabed, the general grouting pressure is difficult to smoothly deploy the grouting anchor, and the inconsistent strength of the soil around the anchor will lead to uneven shapes of the expanded anchor body, increasing the stability risk of the anchor body. Zhang Jihong proposed a new type of umbrella - shaped self - expanding anchor in "Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering". Its shape and self - expanding process are similar to an umbrella. When drilling into the soil, the anchor solid is retracted to reduce the resistance during penetration. When subjected to a pulling load, it expands by itself and forms an umbrella - shaped structure in the soil. However, in ocean engineering, when the anchor body is not fully expanded, its anchoring capacity is limited and cannot meet the uplift requirements of offshore structures such as floating platforms.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of anchor bolt that combines high - efficiency anchoring, anti - fatigue and environmental adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above - mentioned existing technologies and provide a deep - sea expandable end - enlarged power anchor, which effectively solves the problem of insufficient uplift bearing capacity of traditional torpedo anchors.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0008] A deep - sea expandable end - enlarged power anchor includes an anchor body and external device I, expansion material II, and internal device III;

[0009] The anchor body and external device I include a cable 1, a connecting ring 2, an anchor body 3, an anchor head 4, and a grouting port 5; the cable 1 is connected to the platform or ship to be fixed through the connecting ring 2, and the connecting ring 2 is connected to a threaded plug; the anchor body 3 and the anchor head 4 are fixed together. The inside of the anchor body 3 is a cavity structure. There is a static demolition agent storage chamber 15 in the upper - middle part of the anchor body 3. There is a grouting port 5 above the static demolition agent storage chamber 15, and the grouting port 5 is used to inject the static demolition agent into the static demolition agent storage chamber 15; after the static demolition agent is injected, the grouting port 5 is sealed with a threaded plug;

[0010] The expansion material II is a mixture of static demolition agent and water;

[0011] The internal device III includes an anchor claw 6, a push rod top seat 7, a rubber ring 8, a support rod 9, a stainless steel round rod 10, a counterweight rod 11, a metal movable collar 12, a movable base 13 and a connecting rod 14; the lower end of the support rod 9 is welded to the anchor head 4, and the upper end is sleeved with a metal movable collar 12; through holes are opened in the middle and the lower end of the anchor claw 6, and the stainless steel round rod 10 is installed in the through holes; both ends of the stainless steel round rod 10 in the middle are hinged to one end of the connecting rod 14, and the other end of the connecting rod 14 is connected to the metal movable collar 12 through the movable base 13; both ends of the stainless steel round rod 10 at the lower end are respectively hinged to a hollow stainless steel base, and the hollow stainless steel base is connected to the anchor body 3; a counterweight rod 11 is connected between the two push rod top seats 7, a rubber ring 8 is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the push rod top seat 7, and the rubber ring 8 is attached to the inner wall surface of the anchor body 3; the lower push rod top seat 7 is fixedly connected to the metal movable collar 12, and the space above the upper push rod top seat 7 is the static demolition agent storage chamber 15.

[0012] An installation construction method for a deep-sea expandable end-enlarged power anchor includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Unscrew the threaded plug, load the expansion material II into the static demolition agent storage chamber 15 through the grouting port 5, and then tighten the threaded plug;

[0014] Step 2: Connect the connecting ring 2 of the anchor body 3 to the cable 1, then connect the cable 1 to the construction platform or ship, and suspend the anchor body 3 above the horizontal plane through the anchor cable;

[0015] Step 3: Allow the anchor body 3 to fall freely until it is completely buried under the seabed;

[0016] Step 4: The expansion material starts to undergo an expansion reaction and begins to expand, thereby pushing the anchor claws 6 to open.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the traditional torpedo anchor, the anti-pulling bearing capacity is greatly increased. Compared with the existing grouting anchor, the anchor claws can be fully extended without high-pressure grouting, which is environmentally friendly, economical, convenient for construction, time-saving and labor-saving. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram before anchoring of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram after anchoring of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; wherein, (a) is the overall structure before the anchor claws are unfolded, and (b) is the overall structure after the anchor claws are unfolded;

[0021] Figure 4Internal detail drawing of the present invention; wherein, (a) shows the internal details before the anchor claws are deployed, and (b) shows the internal details after the anchor claws are deployed;

[0022] Figure 5 Top view of the present invention after anchoring;

[0023] In the figure: 1 cable; 2 connecting ring; 3 anchor body; 4 anchor head; 5 grouting port; 6 anchor claw; 7 push rod top seat; 8 rubber ring; 9 support rod; 10 stainless steel round rod; 11 counterweight rod; 12 metal movable collar; 13 movable base; 14 connecting rod; 15 expansion material storage chamber. Detailed implementation method

[0024] The following further illustrates the detailed implementation method of the present invention in combination with the drawings and technical solutions.

[0025] The first step: Device processing and assembly

[0026] As shown in Figure 4 , first, the counterweight rod 11 is fixedly connected to the push rod base 7 by welding to ensure its stability. Then, through holes are opened in the middle and lower ends of the anchor claws and the stainless steel round rod 10 is installed therein. The two ends of the stainless steel round rod 10 in the middle are respectively hinged to one end of the connecting rod 14, and the two ends of the stainless steel round rod 10 at the lower end are respectively hinged to the hollow stainless steel base. The hollow stainless steel base is welded to the anchor body 3 to achieve flexible movement. The connecting rod 14 and the metal movable collar 12 are connected through the movable base 13, and the metal movable collar 12 and the support rod 9 are sleeved and connected to ensure its free movement. Finally, the rubber ring 8 is sleeved and connected to the push rod top seat 7 and fits with the anchor wall, and the lower push rod top seat 7 is fixedly connected to the metal movable collar 12 to ensure its smooth sliding.

[0027] The second step: Preparation work

[0028] On the ship, the static crushing agent and water are mixed in proportion and fully stirred by a mixer until the appearance of the mixture is uniform and there is no powder residue. Subsequently, the threaded plug is unscrewed through the connecting ring, and the mixed slurry is injected into the expansion material storage chamber in the anchor through the grouting port and then the threaded plug is tightened. Finally, the cable is firmly connected to the connecting ring to ensure the safety and stability of subsequent operations.

[0029] The third step: Implementation process

[0030] Release the anchor body and let it fall freely until it is completely buried under the seabed. After dozens of minutes, the expansion material starts to undergo an expansion reaction, pushing the anchor claws to gradually unfold, and finally completing the anchoring process.

Claims

1. A deep-sea expansion end-enlarged dynamic anchor, characterized in that: The end enlarged anchor device comprises three parts: an anchor body and an external device (I), an expansion material (II) and an internal device (III); The anchor body and external device (I) comprises a cable (1), a connecting ring (2), an anchor body (3), an anchor head (4) and a grouting port (5); the cable (1) is connected to a platform or a vessel to be fixed via the connecting ring (2), and the connecting ring (2) is connected to a threaded plug; the anchor body (3) and the anchor head (4) are fixed as a whole, the interior of the anchor body (3) is a cavity structure, a static breaker storage chamber (15) is arranged in the middle and upper part of the anchor body (3), and a grouting port (5) is arranged above the static breaker storage chamber (15), and the grouting port (5) is used to inject the static breaker into the static breaker storage chamber (15); after the static breaker is injected, the grouting port (5) is sealed by the threaded plug; The expansion material (II) is a mixture of a static breaker and water; The internal device (III) comprises an anchor catch (6), a push rod top seat (7), a rubber ring (8), a support rod (9), a stainless steel round rod (10), a counterweight rod (11), a metal movable ring (12), a movable base (13) and a connecting rod (14); the lower end of the support rod (9) is welded to the anchor head (4), and the upper end is sleeved with a metal movable ring (12); through holes are opened in the middle and the lower end of the anchor catch (6), and the stainless steel round rod (10) is installed in the through holes; the two ends of the stainless steel round rod (10) in the middle are respectively hinged to one end of the connecting rod (14), and the connecting rod (14) is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod (14). The other end is connected to the metal movable ring (12) through a movable base (13); the two ends of the stainless steel round rod (10) at the lower end are respectively hinged to the hollow stainless steel base, and the hollow stainless steel base is connected to the anchor body (3); a counterweight rod (11) is connected between the two push rod top seats (7), and a rubber ring (8) is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod top seat (7), and the rubber ring (8) is in contact with the inner wall of the anchor body (3); the lower push rod top seat (7) is fixedly connected to the metal movable ring (12), and the space above the upper push rod top seat (7) is a static breaker storage chamber (15).

2. A method for installing and constructing an end-enlarged anchor based on an expansion material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: unscrew the threaded plug, load the expansion material (II) into the static breaker storage chamber (15) through the grouting port (5), and then tighten the threaded plug; Step 2: Connect the connecting ring (2) of the anchor body (3) to the cable (1), then connect the cable (1) to the construction platform or the vessel, and hang the anchor body (3) above the horizontal plane through the anchor cable; Step 3: Allow the anchor body (3) to fall freely until it is completely buried under the seabed; Step 4: The expansion material begins to undergo an expansion reaction and expands, thereby pushing the anchor claw (6) to open.

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