Ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a positive and negative pressure environment control system and method for a ship cabin, and belongs to the technical field of ship auxiliary engines. The system comprises a safety cabin unit, an air inlet pipe unit, an air exhaust pipe unit, a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit and a positive and negative pressure control unit; the air inlet pipe unit is used for introducing and processing air in the external atmospheric environment and then conveying the air to the safety cabin unit, and the air exhaust pipe unit is used for exhausting the air in the safety cabin unit to the external atmospheric environment; the positive and negative pressure pipeline unit comprises a first positive pressure environment control branch connected with the air inlet air pipe unit and a second negative pressure environment control branch connected with the air exhaust air pipe unit so as to maintain the positive pressure or negative pressure environment of the safety cabin unit under special conditions. High-pressure gas can be used as a standby power source to drive the positive and negative pressure environment control system of the ship cabin, and it can be guaranteed that the safe cabin unit maintains set positive pressure or negative pressure gradient control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a positive and negative pressure environmental control system and method for a ship cabin, belonging to the technical field of ship auxiliary machinery. Background Art

[0002] Special-purpose ships such as ocean ro-ro passenger ships, large medical rescue ships, and multi-functional scientific research ships operating at sea have extremely harsh sea environments and long sailing operation times. Usually, independent medical isolation negative-pressure cabin areas are set up to receive, accommodate, isolate, and treat crew members with abnormal physical conditions. These cabin areas usually need to ensure a certain negative pressure relative to adjacent living and residential cabins to prevent germs from spreading to other ship cabin areas through air transmission, thus avoiding large-scale cluster infection incidents. At present, the conventional technical solution for the above-mentioned medical isolation negative-pressure cabin area is to configure one or several sets of independent mechanical ventilation systems, use airtight air ducts to transport air, set natural air inlets, exhaust fans, and mechanical air outlets to achieve the guarantee and control of the negative pressure gradient in the above area, and the atmospheric temperature and humidity of the cabin environment are adjusted by an independent air-conditioning system.

[0003] Special-purpose ships such as oil and gas drilling ships, new energy-powered ships, emergency fire rescue ships, refrigerated cargo ships, and ocean fishing boats operating at sea usually have a large amount of volatile, flammable, and explosive dangerous gases around the ship's air environment or equipment engine rooms. To ensure the safety of crew members and the ship, a safe cabin area needs to be set up and maintain a certain positive pressure gradient relative to the outside atmosphere or dangerous area to prevent dangerous gases from entering. At present, the conventional technical solution for positive pressure control in the above-mentioned safe cabin area usually configures one or several sets of independent mechanical ventilation systems, uses airtight air ducts to transport air, sets mechanical air inlets, supply fans, and natural air outlets to achieve the guarantee and control of the positive pressure gradient in the above area, and the atmospheric temperature and humidity of the cabin environment are usually regulated by an independent air-conditioning system.

[0004] During the implementation of the conventional technical solution, once the exhaust fan fails or the ship experiences a power failure, the mechanical ventilation system immediately fails, the control of the positive and negative pressure gradients in the area immediately fails, and the control of the atmospheric temperature and humidity in the cabin environment immediately fails. In the existing literature, the existing technical solution is to increase the standby power supply, redundant exhaust fans, etc. of the system, which to a certain extent avoids single-point fan failures and main power failures, thus ensuring the control of the positive and negative pressure gradients in the area and the control of the atmospheric temperature and humidity in the cabin environment. During the implementation of the above improved technical solution, due to the high dependence on the ship's power supply, when the ship experiences an emergency condition, the power supply is limited or the entire ship loses power, the functions of the exhaust fan and the independent air conditioner are limited, which is very likely to cause the cabin environment temperature to get out of control and the positive and negative pressure gradients in the area to get out of control, making it difficult to meet the higher-level actual use requirements of the ship. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a positive and negative pressure environmental control system and method for a ship's cabin, which can utilize high-pressure gas to drive the positive and negative pressure environmental control system to maintain the pressure and temperature of a safe cabin when the ship's power or ventilation system fails, meeting the requirements of special ships.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention provides a positive and negative pressure environmental control system for a ship's cabin, including a safe cabin unit, an air inlet duct unit, an air exhaust duct unit, a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit, and a positive and negative pressure control unit. The air inlet duct unit is used to introduce and process the air in the external atmospheric environment and then transport it to the safe cabin unit. The air exhaust duct unit is used to discharge the air in the safe cabin unit to the external atmospheric environment. The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit includes a first positive pressure environmental control branch connected to the air inlet duct unit and a second negative pressure environmental control branch connected to the air exhaust duct unit to maintain a positive or negative pressure environment in the safe cabin unit under special circumstances.

[0007] Preferably, the air inlet duct unit includes a check valve, a first air supply booster, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a second air supply booster, and a first air supply device connected in sequence. The air exhaust duct unit includes an air exhaust device, a first air exhaust booster, and a second air exhaust booster connected in sequence.

[0008] Preferably, the first positive pressure environmental control branch includes a first gas distribution valve connected to the first air supply booster, a first gas release valve connected to the first gas distribution valve, a first gas storage tank connected to the first gas release valve, and a first refrigerator connected to the first heat exchanger and the first gas distribution valve. The first gas storage tank is provided with gas for human breathing.

[0009] The second negative pressure environmental control branch includes a second gas distribution valve connected to the first air exhaust booster, a second gas release valve connected to the second gas distribution valve, a second gas storage tank connected to the second gas release valve, and a second refrigerator connected to the second gas distribution valve and the second heat exchanger. The second gas storage tank is provided with non-combustible and non-toxic gas.

[0010] Preferably, the positive and negative pressure control unit includes a central controller and a signal processor for controlling the operation of the entire system. The central controller is electrically connected to the signal processor, and the signal processor is further connected to each device in the system.

[0011] Preferably, the positive and negative pressure pipeline unit also includes a third positive pressure environmental control branch, and the third positive pressure environmental control branch includes a second air supply and a third air supply arranged in the safety cabin unit, a third refrigerator connected to the second air supply, a third gas distribution valve connected to the third air supply and the third refrigerator, a third gas release valve connected to the third gas distribution valve, and a third gas storage connected to the third gas release valve, and the third gas storage is provided with non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

[0012] Preferably, the gas in the first gas storage tank is compressed air or oxygen; the gas in the second gas storage tank is carbon dioxide; and the gas in the third gas storage tank is nitrogen.

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention also provides a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environmental control method, including a ship cabin positive pressure environmental control method and a ship cabin negative pressure environmental control method;

[0014] The ship cabin positive pressure environment control method comprises step Z1: when the ship is operating normally, the main generator, the mooring generator and the emergency generator are used to power the ship, the central controller controls the first air supply air booster of the air inlet duct unit to start, and the other equipment is on standby, and the safety cabin unit is mechanically supplied with air and the exhauster is used to naturally exhaust the air to maintain the cabin positive pressure gradient;

[0015] The method for negative pressure environmental control in a ship cabin includes step F1: when the ship is operating normally, power is supplied by the main generator, the mooring generator and the emergency generator, the central controller controls the second exhaust air booster of the exhaust duct unit to turn on, and the remaining equipment is on standby, and the exhaust fan is used to mechanically exhaust air and naturally replenish air to maintain the negative pressure gradient in the cabin.

[0016] Preferably, the ship cabin positive pressure environmental control method comprises step Z2: when the ship power system or conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the central controller controls the first positive pressure environmental control branch, the second negative pressure environmental control branch, and the third positive pressure environmental control branch to be opened and closed in an orderly manner, and the gas released from the gas storage device is used to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the cabin;

[0017] The ship cabin negative pressure environmental control method includes step F2: when the ship power system or conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the central controller controls the first positive pressure environmental control branch L1 and the second negative pressure environmental control branch L2 to open and close in an orderly manner, and uses the gas released from the gas storage device to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the cabin.

[0018] Preferably, the ship cabin positive pressure environment control method comprises step Z3: on the basis of step Z2, according to the cabin temperature requirement, the cabin environment temperature is maintained by controlling the corresponding refrigerator and the gas distribution valve;

[0019] The method for controlling the positive and negative pressure environment in a ship's cabin includes step F3: based on step F2, according to the temperature requirement of the cabin, by controlling the corresponding cooler and gas distribution valve, the environmental temperature of the cabin is maintained.

[0020] Preferably, in step Z1, the first air supply booster is a variable-frequency axial-flow fan; in step Z2, the first air supply booster is a pneumatic turbine fan; in step F1, the first exhaust air booster is a variable-frequency axial-flow fan.

[0021] The advantages of this application are that when the ship's power system fails or the conventional mechanical ventilation system fails, high-pressure gas can be used as a backup power source to drive the positive and negative pressure environmental control system in the ship's cabin, improving the redundancy of the system. Under emergency or urgent conditions, it can ensure that the safety cabin unit maintains the set positive or negative pressure gradient control, and at the same time, it can also ensure that the safety cabin unit maintains the set environmental temperature value, meeting the higher-level usage requirements of special-purpose ships such as ocean ro-ro ships, large medical rescue ships, multi-functional scientific research ships, oil and gas drilling ships, new energy-powered ships, emergency fire rescue ships, refrigerated cargo ships, and ocean fishing boats. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a composition diagram of the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for a ship's cabin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for a ship's cabin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the method for controlling the positive pressure environment in a ship's cabin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the method for controlling the negative pressure environment in a ship's cabin in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals: 100, inlet air duct unit; 101, check valve; 102, first air blower supercharger; 103, first heat exchanger; 104, second heat exchanger; 105, second air blower supercharger; 106, first air blower; 200, exhaust air duct unit; 201, exhaust air blower; 202, first exhaust air supercharger; 203, second exhaust air supercharger; 300, positive and negative pressure pipeline unit; 301, first gas storage; 302, second gas storage; 303, third gas storage; 304, first gas release valve; 305, second gas release valve; 306, third gas release valve; 307, first gas distribution valve; 308, second gas distribution valve; 309, third gas distribution valve; 310, first refrigerator; 311, second refrigerator; 312, third refrigerator; 313, second air blower; 314, third air blower; 400, positive and negative pressure control unit; 401, central controller; 402, signal processor; 403, first sensor; 404, second sensor; 500, safety cabin unit. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] The present invention provides a positive and negative pressure environmental control system for a ship cabin, which includes an inlet air duct unit 100, an exhaust air duct unit 200, a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit 300, a positive and negative pressure control unit 400, and a safety cabin unit 500. The safety cabin unit 500 is a special cabin on the ship for personnel refuge or storage of important equipment, and its internal environment needs to be strictly controlled. Both the inlet air duct unit 100 and the exhaust air duct unit 200 are connected to the safety cabin unit 500 to ensure that the atmospheric environment in the cabin can maintain a positive or negative pressure gradient according to requirements and control the environmental temperature when necessary.

[0029] The inlet air duct unit 100 includes a check valve 101, a first air blower supercharger 102, a first heat exchanger 103, a second heat exchanger 104, a second air blower supercharger 105, and a first air blower 106 connected in sequence. The main function of this unit is to introduce the air in the safe area of the external atmospheric environment and transport it to the safety cabin unit 500 after a series of treatments. During normal operation, the air supply volume is adjusted by frequency conversion to maintain the positive pressure gradient in the cabin.

[0030] The exhaust air duct unit 200 includes an exhaust air device 201, a first exhaust air booster 202, and a second exhaust air booster 203 that are connected in sequence. Its main function is to discharge the air in the safety cabin unit 500 to the external atmospheric environment. During normal operation, the exhaust air volume is adjusted by frequency conversion to maintain the negative pressure gradient in the cabin.

[0031] The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit 300 includes a first positive pressure environmental control branch L1, a second negative pressure environmental control branch L2, and a third positive pressure environmental control branch L3.

[0032] The pipeline of the first gas storage 301 in the first positive pressure environmental control branch L1 is connected to the first gas release valve 304. The first gas release valve 304 is connected to the first gas distribution valve 307 through a pipeline. One pipeline of the first gas distribution valve 307 is connected to the first air supply booster 102, and the other pipeline is connected to the first cooler 310. The first cooler 310 is connected to the first heat exchanger 103 through a pipeline. The first air supply booster 102 and the first heat exchanger 103 are connected to the external atmospheric environment. Among them, the gas in the first gas storage 301 is compressed air that can be breathed by the human body, and oxygen is preferably used.

[0033] The pipeline of the second gas storage 302 in the second negative pressure environmental control branch L2 is connected to the second gas release valve 305. The second gas release valve 305 is connected to the second gas distribution valve 308 through a pipeline. One pipeline of the second gas distribution valve 308 is connected to the first exhaust air booster 202, and the other pipeline is connected to the second cooler 311. The second cooler 311 is connected to the second heat exchanger 104 through a pipeline. The second heat exchanger 104 and the first exhaust air booster 202 are connected to the external atmospheric environment. Among them, the gas in the second gas storage 302 is a non-flammable and non-toxic gas, and carbon dioxide is more preferably used.

[0034] The pipeline of the third gas storage 303 in the third positive pressure environmental control branch L3 is connected to the third gas release valve 306. The third gas release valve 306 is connected to the third gas distribution valve 309 through a pipeline. One pipeline of the third gas distribution valve 309 is connected to the third air supply device 314, and the other pipeline is connected to the third cooler 312. The third cooler 312 is connected to the second air supply device 313 through a pipeline. Among them, the gas in the third gas storage 303 is a non-flammable and non-toxic gas, and nitrogen is more preferably used.

[0035] The positive and negative pressure control unit 400 is the control core of the entire system, including a central controller 401 and a signal processor 402. The central controller 401 is connected to the signal processor 402 through electrical signals, and the signal processor 402 is further connected to the first sensor 403, the second sensor 404, and various devices of the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for ship cabins through electrical signals. Among them, the first sensor 403 is arranged near the first air blower 106, and the second sensor 404 is arranged near the second air blower 313, which are used to monitor environmental parameters in real time and feed back data to the central controller 401 to achieve precise control of the system.

[0036] The technical solution of this application also provides a method for positive and negative pressure environmental control of ship cabins, which includes the following two aspects:

[0037] I. Positive pressure environmental control method for ship cabins

[0038] The first step Z1: When the ship is operating normally, the conventional mechanical air supply system is turned on alone to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the atmospheric environment in the ship cabin under normal conditions. At this time, the ship is powered by the main generator, the berthing generator, and the emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the first air supply air booster 102 of the air inlet duct unit 100 to turn on, and the rest of the system equipment is in standby and off states, mechanically supplies air to the safety cabin unit 500, and adjusts the air supply volume through frequency conversion, and naturally discharges the atmosphere in the cabin to the atmospheric environment through the exhaust fan 201 to maintain the positive pressure gradient in the cabin.

[0039] Furthermore, the first air supply air booster 102 adopts a variable-frequency axial-flow fan, and determines the minimum air change rate, the minimum ventilation air volume, the pressure gradient index, etc. of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the requirements of the classification society code guidelines, laws and regulations, technical specifications, etc.

[0040] The second step Z2: When the ship's power system fails or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for ship cabins is turned on to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the atmospheric environment in the cabin under special circumstances. At this time, the ship cannot be powered by the conventional main generator, berthing generator, and emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the first positive pressure environmental control branch L1, the second negative pressure environmental control branch L2, and the third positive pressure environmental control branch L3 to be turned on and off in an orderly manner.

[0041] Specifically, the first gas storage tank 301 and the first gas release valve 304 are opened, the pipeline connecting the first gas distribution valve 307 to the first air supply air booster 102 is opened, and the first air supply air booster 102 conveys clean and fresh outside air to the safety cabin unit 500 through the air inlet duct unit 100, and the air in the cabin is naturally discharged from the safety cabin unit 500 through the exhaust duct unit 200.

[0042] Furthermore, the first air supply booster 102 uses a pneumatic turbine fan. The minimum air change rate, minimum ventilation air volume, pressure gradient index, etc. of the safety cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of classification society code guidelines, laws and regulations, technical specifications, etc.

[0043] The third step Z3: When the ship's power system fails or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, activate the positive and negative pressure environmental control system of the ship's cabin to maintain the positive pressure gradient and environmental temperature of the cabin atmosphere under special circumstances. Specifically, based on the second step, control the environmental temperature of the cabin atmosphere.

[0044] If the cabin needs to be cooled, the central controller 401 controls the pipeline connecting the first gas distribution valve 307 to the first cooler 310 to open. The first cooler 310 maintains the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403. In addition, the central controller 401 controls the third gas storage 303 and the third gas release valve 306 to release air, and the pipeline connecting the third gas distribution valve 309 to the third cooler 312 to open. The third cooler 312 maintains the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the second sensor 404.

[0045] If the cabin needs to be heated, the central controller 401 controls the second gas storage 302 and the second gas release valve 305 to open, and the pipeline connecting the second gas distribution valve 308 to the second cooler 311 to open. The second cooler 311 maintains the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403.

[0046] II. Negative pressure environmental control method for ship cabins

[0047] The first step F1: When the ship is operating normally, activate the conventional mechanical exhaust system alone to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the ship's cabin atmosphere under normal circumstances. At this time, the ship is powered by the main generator, the berthing generator, and the emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the second exhaust air booster 203 of the exhaust air duct unit 200 to open, and the rest of the system equipment is in standby and closed states. Natural air supply to the cabin is carried out through the first air supply device 106, and the exhaust air volume is adjusted by frequency conversion. The atmosphere of the safety cabin unit 500 is mechanically exhausted to the atmosphere through the exhaust device 201 to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the cabin.

[0048] Furthermore, the first exhaust air booster 202 uses a variable frequency axial flow fan. The minimum air change rate, minimum ventilation air volume, pressure gradient index, etc. of the safety cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of classification society code guidelines, laws and regulations, technical specifications, etc.

[0049] Second step F2: When there is a failure in the ship's power system or the conventional mechanical air supply system, the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for the ship's cabins is activated to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the cabin atmosphere in special situations. At this time, the ship cannot be powered by the conventional main generator, berthing generator, or emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the sequential opening and closing of the first positive pressure environmental control branch L1 and the second negative pressure environmental control branch L2.

[0050] Specifically, the central controller 401 controls the opening of the second gas storage 302 and the second gas release valve 305, and the opening of the pipeline connecting the second gas distribution valve 308 to the first exhaust air booster 202. The first exhaust air booster 202 of the exhaust air duct unit 200 mechanically discharges the air in the safety cabin unit 500, and the fresh air duct unit 100 supplies clean and fresh outside air to the safety cabin unit 500 for natural makeup air.

[0051] Furthermore, the first exhaust air booster 202 uses a pneumatic turbine fan. The minimum air change rate, minimum ventilation air volume, pressure gradient index, etc. of the safety cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of classification society code guidelines, laws and regulations, technical specifications, etc.

[0052] Third step F3: When there is a failure in the ship's power system or the conventional mechanical air supply system, the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for the ship's cabins is activated to maintain the negative pressure gradient and environmental temperature of the cabin atmosphere in special situations. Specifically, on the basis of the second step, the environmental temperature of the cabin atmosphere is controlled.

[0053] If the cabin needs to be cooled, the central controller 401 controls the opening of the first gas storage 301 and the first gas release valve 304, and the opening of the pipeline connecting the first gas distribution valve 307 to the first cooler 310. The first cooler 310 maintains the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403.

[0054] If the cabin needs to be heated, the central controller 401 controls the opening of the pipeline connecting the second gas distribution valve 308 to the second cooler 311. The second cooler 311 maintains the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403.

[0055] The positive and negative pressure environmental control system and method for ship cabins of the present invention can ensure that the safety cabin unit 500 maintains the set pressure gradient control and environmental temperature control when there is a failure in the ship's power system or the conventional mechanical ventilation system, thereby meeting the higher-level actual use requirements of the cabin environment under various operating conditions of the ship, and providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the ship and the life safety of personnel.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positive and negative pressure environmental control system for a ship cabin, characterized in that: The invention comprises a safety cabin unit (500), an air inlet duct unit (100), an air exhaust duct unit (200), a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit (300) and a positive and negative pressure control unit (400); the air inlet duct unit (100) is used to introduce air from the external atmospheric environment and transport it to the safety cabin unit (500) after treatment; the air exhaust duct unit (200) is used to exhaust the air in the safety cabin unit (500) to the external atmospheric environment; the positive and negative pressure pipeline unit (300) comprises a first positive pressure environmental control branch connected to the air inlet duct unit (100) and a second negative pressure environmental control branch connected to the air exhaust duct unit (200), so as to maintain the positive pressure or negative pressure environment of the safety cabin unit (500) under special circumstances.

2. A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet duct unit (100) comprises a check valve (101), a first air supply air booster (102), a first heat exchanger (103), a second heat exchanger (104), a second air supply air booster (105) and a first air supply device (106) which are connected in sequence; the air exhaust duct unit (200) comprises an exhaust device (201), a first exhaust air booster (202) and a second exhaust air booster (203) which are connected in sequence.

3. A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first positive pressure environmental control branch comprises a first gas distribution valve (307) connected to the first air supply air booster (102), a first gas release valve (304) connected to the first gas distribution valve (307), a first gas storage (301) connected to the first gas release valve (304), and a first refrigerator (310) connected to the first heat exchanger (103) and the first gas distribution valve (307), wherein the first gas storage (301) is provided with gas that can be breathed by the human body; The second negative pressure environmental control branch includes a second gas distribution valve (308) connected to the first exhaust air booster (202), a second gas release valve (305) connected to the second gas distribution valve (308), a second gas storage (302) connected to the second gas release valve (305), and a second refrigerator (311) connected to the second gas distribution valve (308) and the second heat exchanger (104), and the second gas storage (302) is provided with non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

4. A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positive and negative pressure control unit (400) comprises a central controller (401) and a signal processor (402), which are used to control the operation of the entire system; the central controller (401) is connected to the signal processor (402) via an electrical signal, and the signal processor (402) is connected to various devices in the system.

5. A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit (300) also includes a third positive pressure environmental control branch, and the third positive pressure environmental control branch includes a second air supply (313) and a third air supply (314) arranged in the safety cabin unit (500), a third refrigerator (312) connected to the second air supply (313), a third gas distribution valve (309) connected to the third air supply (314) and the third refrigerator (312), a third gas distribution valve (306) connected to the third gas distribution valve (309), and a third gas release valve (306) connected to the third gas release valve (306), and a third gas storage (303) connected to the third gas release valve (306), wherein the third gas storage (303) is provided with non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

6. A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas in the first gas storage (301) is compressed air or oxygen; the gas in the second gas storage (302) is carbon dioxide; and the gas in the third gas storage (303) is nitrogen.

7. A method for using the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Including ship cabin positive pressure environmental control method and ship cabin negative pressure environmental control method; The method for positive pressure control of a ship cabin comprises step Z1: when the ship is operating normally, power is supplied by a main generator, a mooring generator and an emergency generator, the central controller (401) controls the first air supply air booster (102) of the air inlet duct unit (100) to be turned on, and the remaining equipment is on standby, mechanically supplying air to the safety cabin unit (500) and naturally exhausting air through the exhauster (201), so as to maintain a positive pressure gradient in the cabin; The method for controlling negative pressure in a ship cabin comprises step F1: when the ship is operating normally, power is supplied by a main generator, a mooring generator and an emergency generator, the central controller (401) controls the second exhaust air booster (203) of the exhaust duct unit (200) to start, and the remaining equipment is on standby, and mechanical exhaust and natural air supply are performed through the exhaust fan (201) to maintain the negative pressure gradient in the cabin.

8. A method for controlling positive and negative pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ship cabin positive pressure environmental control method comprises step Z2: when the ship power system or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the central controller (401) controls the first positive pressure environmental control branch, the second negative pressure environmental control branch, and the third positive pressure environmental control branch to be opened and closed in an orderly manner, and uses the gas released from the gas storage device to maintain the cabin positive pressure gradient; The method for negative pressure environmental control of a ship cabin comprises step F2: when the ship power system or conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the central controller (401) controls the first positive pressure environmental control branch L1 and the second negative pressure environmental control branch L2 to be opened and closed in an orderly manner, and utilizes the gas released from the gas storage device to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the cabin.

9. A method for controlling positive and negative pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ship cabin positive pressure environment control method comprises step Z3: on the basis of step Z2, according to the cabin temperature requirement, the cabin environment temperature is maintained by controlling the corresponding refrigerator and the gas distribution valve; The negative pressure environment control method for a ship cabin comprises step F3: on the basis of step F2, according to the cabin temperature requirement, the cabin environment temperature is maintained by controlling the corresponding refrigerator and the gas distribution valve.

10. A method for controlling positive and negative pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step Z1, the first supply air booster (102) uses a variable frequency axial flow fan; in step Z2, the first supply air booster (102) uses a pneumatic turbine fan; in step F1, the first exhaust air booster (202) uses a variable frequency axial flow fan.

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