Marine winch brake device

Abstract

The invention discloses a marine winch brake device, which relates to the technical field of winches, and comprises an outer shell, a movable shell, a brake mechanism, a pinion, a bull gear, a multi-stage buffer mechanism, a locking mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a connecting shaft, the piston is pushed through the oil cylinder, power is transmitted through hydraulic oil, the brake block is driven to brake the brake disc, primary braking of the winch main shaft is achieved, and the braking mode is efficient and reliable; the wear-resistant anti-skid layers are arranged on the opposite faces of the brake blocks, friction force is effectively increased, the braking effect is improved, and the stability of the braking process is guaranteed; the tooth grooves in the outer circle face of the movable shell are matched with the movable clamping teeth, when the braking resistance is increased, the movable clamping teeth and the tooth grooves are indirectly separated for braking, and the braking performance is further optimized; the large gear is used for driving the multi-stage buffering mechanism to work, oil in the oil storage cavity is pumped into the buffering oil cavity through the hydraulic pump for buffering and energy absorption, winch damage caused by braking is avoided, and the service life of the winch is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of winches, and in particular to a marine winch brake device. Background Art

[0002] During ship operation, winch is an important equipment used for various tasks such as lifting and towing. The performance of its brake device is directly related to the safety and reliability of ship operation. Traditional marine capstan brakes have many defects in their structural design. On the one hand, some brakes have complex structures and numerous parts, which not only leads to high production costs, but also is extremely inconvenient to install and maintain, consuming a lot of manpower, material resources and time costs. On the other hand, during the braking process, some brakes have a single and rough braking method, often simply through mechanical friction. When emergency braking is required, this direct braking method will generate a huge impact force, which can easily damage the key components of the capstan, such as the main shaft, gears, etc., seriously affecting the service life of the capstan, increasing the frequency of equipment maintenance and replacement, and thus affecting the continuity and efficiency of ship operations. In addition, existing brake devices lack sufficient flexibility and buffering capacity when dealing with different working conditions. When ships are operating at sea, the working conditions are complex and changeable, and the load size and change frequency vary greatly. Ordinary brake devices are difficult to effectively buffer and absorb energy according to actual working conditions. When faced with a sudden increase in load, they cannot make timely adjustments, which can easily lead to safety accidents. In view of the problems of the above-mentioned traditional marine capstan brake device, such as complex structure, high cost, easy damage and insufficient buffering capacity, the development of a new marine capstan brake device with a reasonable and simple structure, low production cost, easy installation, and good braking performance and buffering energy absorption effect has become a technical problem to be solved in the field of ships. The marine capstan brake device of the present invention came into being under such a background. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a marine capstan brake device in order to solve the above problems, which solves a series of problems of traditional marine capstan brake devices, such as complex structure, high production cost, inconvenient installation and maintenance, easy damage to key components during braking, and insufficient buffering capacity under complex working conditions.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a marine winch braking device, including a winch main shaft, and further including an outer housing, a movable housing, a braking mechanism, a small gear, a large gear, a multi-stage buffer mechanism, a locking mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a connecting shaft; the connecting shaft is movably connected to the inside of the center of the left side of the outer housing, and the center of the left side of the connecting shaft is connected to the outside of the right side of the winch main shaft; the outside of the movable housing is movably connected to the inside of the left side of the outer housing, a clamping mechanism is provided on the outside of the movable housing, a braking mechanism is provided inside the movable housing, the inside of the movable housing is connected to the outside of the connecting shaft, and a large gear is fixedly connected to the outside of the right side of the movable housing; the large gear is fixedly connected to the outside of the right side of the movable housing inside; the multi-stage buffer mechanism is provided inside the right side of the outer housing, a small gear is fixedly connected to the input shaft on the upper left side of the multi-stage buffer mechanism, and the small gear is connected to the large gear; the locking mechanism is provided inside the center of the lower side of the outer housing, and the upper side of the locking mechanism is connected to the lower side of the large gear.

[0005] Preferably, the specific structure of the braking mechanism includes a first guide groove, a first brake block, a first connecting oil hole, a second brake block, a second guide groove, a second connecting oil hole, a piston cavity, a first spring, a first piston, a first oil cylinder and a brake disc; there are several first guide grooves, and several first guide grooves are respectively opened around the inside of the left side of the movable housing, and a first brake block is movably connected inside each of the several first guide grooves; there are several second guide grooves, and several second guide grooves are respectively opened around the inside of the right side of the movable housing, and a second brake block is movably connected inside each of the several second guide grooves, and the outside of each of the several second guide grooves is connected to the inside of the corresponding first guide groove through a second connecting oil hole; the brake disc is located between the first brake block and the second brake block, and the center of the brake disc is fixedly connected to the outside of the right side of the connecting shaft; the piston cavity is opened in the center of the right side of the movable housing, several second connecting oil holes are opened around the left side of the piston cavity, and the outside of the second connecting oil holes is respectively communicated with the inside of the corresponding second guide grooves; the first piston is movably connected inside the piston cavity, and a first spring is provided between the left side of the first piston and the left side inside the piston cavity; the outside of the first oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the outer housing, and the piston rod on the left side of the first oil cylinder is movably connected to the center of the right side of the first piston.

[0006] Preferably, wear-resistant and anti-slip layers are provided on the opposite surfaces of the first brake block and the second brake block.

[0007] Preferably, the specific structure of the multi-stage buffer mechanism includes a hydraulic pump, a tubing, an oil storage chamber, a filling cap, a check valve, a buffer oil chamber, a second piston, small holes, a second spring, and a pressure reducing valve; the oil storage chamber is arranged inside the right side of the outer housing, and a filling cap is provided at the upper opening of the oil storage chamber; the hydraulic pump is fixedly connected inside the upper side of the outer housing, the left input shaft of the hydraulic pump is connected to a small gear, the inlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the lower side of the oil storage chamber through the tubing, and the outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the inlet of the check valve; the buffer oil chamber is arranged inside the lower right side of the outer housing, and the upper inlet of the buffer oil chamber is connected to the outlet of the check valve; the second piston is movably connected to the inside of the buffer oil chamber, small holes are formed in the center of the second piston, and a second spring is arranged between the bottom surface of the second piston and the inner bottom surface of the buffer oil chamber; the pressure reducing valve is fixedly connected to the lower left side of the oil storage chamber, and the left inlet of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the lower right outlet of the buffer oil chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the specific structure of the locking mechanism includes a second oil cylinder, a guide hole, and a locking tooth block; the guide hole is arranged inside the lower side of the outer housing, a second oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the inside of the lower side of the guide hole, and the end of the piston rod on the upper side of the second oil cylinder is fixedly connected to a locking tooth block; the upper tooth part of the locking tooth block is connected to the lower tooth part of the large gear.

[0009] Preferably, the specific structure of the clamping mechanism includes sliding grooves, movable clamping teeth, a third spring, connecting grooves, and tooth grooves; there are several sliding grooves, and several sliding grooves are respectively formed on the inner peripheral walls around the left side of the outer housing, and movable clamping teeth are movably connected to the inside of several sliding grooves; there are several tooth grooves, and several tooth grooves are respectively evenly formed on the outer circumferential surface of the movable housing; several connecting grooves are formed on one side surface of the movable clamping tooth, and a third spring is arranged between each connecting groove and the inside of the sliding groove, and the tooth part on the other side of the movable clamping tooth is connected to the tooth groove.

[0010] Preferably, the tooth groove is an arc tooth groove.

[0011] Preferably, an internal hexagonal connection hole is formed in the center of the left side of the connecting shaft.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention has the characteristics of reasonable and simple structure, low production cost, and convenient installation. By pushing the piston with an oil cylinder, using hydraulic oil to transmit power, driving the brake block to brake the brake disc, the initial braking of the winch main shaft is realized, and the braking method is efficient and reliable. (2) A wear-resistant and anti-slip layer is provided on the opposite surface of the brake block in the present invention, effectively increasing the friction force, improving the braking effect, and ensuring the stability of the braking process. (3) Through the cooperation of the tooth groove on the outer circumferential surface of the movable housing and the movable clamping tooth in the present invention, when the braking resistance increases, the movable clamping tooth is intermittently disengaged from the tooth groove for braking, further optimizing the braking performance. (4)The present invention uses a large gear to drive a multi-stage buffer mechanism to work. The oil in the oil storage chamber is pumped into the buffer oil chamber through a hydraulic pump for buffering and energy absorption, avoiding damage to the winch caused by locking and extending the service life of the winch. (5)The present invention sets a piston with small holes and a spring in the buffer oil chamber, and is equipped with a pressure reducing valve to control the pressure, ensuring the stable operation of the entire buffer system and meeting the buffer requirements under different working conditions. (6)When the braking is completed or in an emergency, the present invention drives the locking tooth block to engage with the large gear by starting the oil cylinder in the locking mechanism, preventing the large gear from rotating, locking the movable housing and the connecting shaft, and preventing the accidental rotation of the winch main shaft, enhancing safety. Description of the Drawings

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of

[0015] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the braking mechanism.

[0016] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage buffer mechanism.

[0017] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking mechanism.

[0018] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the clamping mechanism.

[0019] 1 - winch main shaft; 2 - outer housing; 3 - movable housing; 4 - braking mechanism; 5 - small gear; 6 - large gear; 7 - multi-stage buffer mechanism; 8 - locking mechanism; 9 - clamping mechanism; 10 - connecting shaft; 41 - first guide groove; 42 - first brake block; 43 - first connecting oil hole; 44 - second brake block; 45 - second guide groove; 46 - second connecting oil hole; 47 - piston chamber; 48 - first spring; 49 - first piston; 410 - first oil cylinder; 411 - brake disc; 71 - hydraulic pump; 72 - oil pipe; 73 - oil storage chamber; 74 - filling cap; 75 - check valve; 76 - buffer oil chamber; 77 - second piston; 78 - small hole; 79 - second spring; 710 - pressure reducing valve; 81 - second oil cylinder; 82 - guide hole; 83 - locking tooth block; 91 - sliding groove; 92 - movable clamping tooth; 93 - third spring; 94 - connecting groove; 95 - tooth groove. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the following technical solutions are adopted in this specific embodiment: A marine winch braking device includes a winch main shaft 1, and also includes an outer housing 2, a movable housing 3, a braking mechanism 4, a small gear 5, a large gear 6, a multi-stage buffer mechanism 7, a locking mechanism 8, a clamping mechanism 9, and a connecting shaft 10; The connecting shaft 10 is movably connected to the inside of the center on the left side of the outer housing 2, and the center on the left side of the connecting shaft 10 is connected to the outside of the right side of the winch main shaft 1; The outside of the movable housing 3 is movably connected to the inside of the left side of the outer housing 2. The outside of the movable housing 3 is provided with a clamping mechanism 9. The inside of the movable housing 3 is provided with a braking mechanism 4. The inside of the movable housing 3 is connected to the outside of the connecting shaft 10. The outside of the right side of the movable housing 3 is fixedly connected to a large gear 6; The inside of the large gear 6 is fixedly connected to the outside of the right side of the movable housing 3; The multi-stage buffer mechanism 7 is arranged inside the right side of the outer housing 2. A small gear 5 is fixedly connected to the input shaft on the upper left side of the multi-stage buffer mechanism 7, and the small gear 5 is connected to the large gear 6; The locking mechanism 8 is arranged inside the center on the lower side of the outer housing 2, and the upper side of the locking mechanism 8 is connected to the lower side of the large gear 6.

[0021] As Figure 3 shown, the specific structure of the braking mechanism 4 includes a first guide groove 41, a first brake block 42, a first connecting oil hole 43, a second brake block 44, a second guide groove 45, a second connecting oil hole 46, a piston chamber 47, a first spring 48, a first piston 49, a first oil cylinder 410, and a brake disc 411; There are several first guide grooves 41. Several first guide grooves 41 are respectively opened around the inside of the left side of the movable housing 3. A first brake block 42 is movably connected inside each of the several first guide grooves 41; There are several second guide grooves 45. Several second guide grooves 45 are respectively opened around the inside of the right side of the movable housing 3. A second brake block 44 is movably connected inside each of the several second guide grooves 45. The outside of each of the several second guide grooves 45 is connected to the inside of the corresponding first guide groove 41 through a second connecting oil hole 46; The brake disc 411 is located between the first brake block 42 and the second brake block 44. The inside of the center of the brake disc 411 is fixedly connected to the outside of the right side of the connecting shaft 10; The piston chamber 47 is opened in the center of the inside of the right side of the movable housing 3. Several second connecting oil holes 46 are opened around the left side of the piston chamber 47, and the outside of the second connecting oil holes 46 is respectively communicated with the inside of the corresponding second guide grooves 45; The first piston 49 is movably connected inside the piston chamber 47. A first spring 48 is arranged between the left side of the first piston 49 and the left side inside the piston chamber 47; The outside of the first oil cylinder 410 is fixedly connected to the center of the inside of the outer housing 2. The piston rod on the left side of the first oil cylinder 410 is movably connected to the center of the right side of the first piston 49.

[0022] Among them, wear-resistant and anti-slip layers are provided on the opposite surfaces of the first brake block 42 and the second brake block 44.

[0023] As Figure 4As shown in the figure, the specific structure of the multi-stage buffer mechanism 7 includes a hydraulic pump 71, a tubing 72, an oil storage chamber 73, a filler cap 74, a one-way valve 75, a buffer oil chamber 76, a second piston 77, a small hole 78, a second spring 79, and a pressure reducing valve 710. The oil storage chamber 73 is arranged inside the right side of the outer housing 2, and a filler cap 74 is provided at the upper opening of the oil storage chamber 73. The hydraulic pump 71 is fixedly connected inside the upper side of the outer housing 2. The left input shaft of the hydraulic pump 71 is connected to the small gear 5. The inlet of the hydraulic pump 71 is communicated with the lower side of the oil storage chamber 73 through the tubing 72, and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 71 is communicated with the inlet of the one-way valve 75. The buffer oil chamber 76 is arranged inside the lower right side of the outer housing 2, and the upper inlet of the buffer oil chamber 76 is communicated with the outlet of the one-way valve 75. The second piston 77 is movably connected to the inside of the buffer oil chamber 76. A small hole 78 is formed in the center of the second piston 77. A second spring 79 is arranged between the bottom surface of the second piston 77 and the inner bottom surface of the buffer oil chamber 76. The pressure reducing valve 710 is fixedly connected to the lower left side of the oil storage chamber 73. The left inlet of the pressure reducing valve 710 is communicated with the lower right outlet of the buffer oil chamber 76.

[0024] As Figure 5 shown in the figure, the specific structure of the locking mechanism 8 includes a second oil cylinder 81, a guide hole 82, and a locking tooth block 83. The guide hole 82 is arranged inside the lower side of the outer housing 2. A second oil cylinder 81 is fixedly connected to the inside of the lower side of the guide hole 82, and the end of the piston rod on the upper side of the second oil cylinder 81 is fixedly connected to a locking tooth block 83. The upper tooth part of the locking tooth block 83 is connected to the lower tooth part of the large gear 6.

[0025] As Figure 6 shown in the figure, the specific structure of the clamping mechanism 9 includes a chute 91, a movable clamping tooth 92, a third spring 93, a connecting groove 94, and a tooth groove 95. There are several chutes 91, and several chutes 91 are respectively formed on the inner peripheral walls around the left side of the outer housing 2. A movable clamping tooth 92 is movably connected to the inside of each of the several chutes 91. There are several tooth grooves 95, and several tooth grooves 95 are respectively evenly formed on the outer circumferential surface of the movable housing 3. Several connecting grooves 94 are formed on one side surface of the movable clamping tooth 92, and a third spring 93 is arranged between each connecting groove 94 and the inside of the chute 91. The other tooth part of the movable clamping tooth 92 is connected to the tooth groove 95.

[0026] Among them, the tooth groove 95 is an arc tooth groove; an inner hexagonal connection hole is formed in the center of the left side of the connecting shaft 10.

[0027] The usage state of the present invention is as follows: The present invention has a reasonable and simple structure, low production cost, and convenient installation. When braking, the first oil cylinder 410 is activated. The outside of the first oil cylinder 410 is fixedly connected to the inside of the center of the outer housing 2. The piston rod on its left side pushes the first piston 49 to move leftward. The first piston 49 is located within the piston chamber 47, and the piston chamber 47 is opened in the center of the right side of the movable housing 3. As the first piston 49 moves leftward, the hydraulic oil in the piston chamber 47 enters the second guide groove 45 through the second connecting oil hole 46, pushing the second brake block 44 towards the brake disc 411. At the same time, the second guide groove 45 is connected to the corresponding first guide groove 41 through the second connecting oil hole 46, and the oil also enters the first guide groove 41, pushing the first brake block 42 towards the brake disc 411. The first brake block 42 is located within the first guide groove 41, and the first guide groove 41 is opened around the left side inside the movable housing 3; the second brake block 44 is located within the second guide groove 45, and the second guide groove 45 is opened around the right side inside the movable housing 3. The center of the brake disc 411 is fixedly connected to the outside of the right side of the connecting shaft 10. Wear-resistant and anti-slip layers are provided on the opposite surfaces of the first brake block 42 and the second brake block 44, which can effectively increase the friction force and achieve the preliminary braking of the connecting shaft 10 and the winch main shaft 1. At this time, the tooth groove 95 on the outer circular surface of the movable housing 3 remains engaged with the movable tooth 92. As the braking resistance increases, the movable tooth 92 will be intermittently disengaged from the tooth groove 95 for braking. In addition, the movable housing 3 will also drive the large gear 6 to rotate, and the rotation of the large gear 6 drives the multi-stage buffer mechanism 7 to work for buffering and energy absorption, thus avoiding damage to the winch caused by locking. When the multi-stage buffer mechanism 7 specifically works, first, the large gear 6 drives the hydraulic pump 71 to work through the small gear 5. When the hydraulic pump 71 works, it sucks the oil in the oil storage chamber 73 through the oil pipe 72, and then pumps it into the buffer oil chamber 76 through the one-way valve 75 for buffering and energy absorption. Here, the oil storage chamber 73 is provided inside the right side of the outer housing 2, and an oil filling cap 74 is provided at the upper opening for replenishing hydraulic oil. Inside the buffer oil chamber 76, the second piston 77 can move up and down under the action of the oil pressure and the second spring 79. A small hole 78 is opened in the center of the second piston 77, which can play a role in buffering the change of the oil pressure. The pressure reducing valve 710 is fixedly connected to the lower left side of the oil storage chamber 73 for controlling the pressure in the buffer oil chamber 76 to ensure the stable operation of the entire system. When the braking is completed or in an emergency, the second oil cylinder 81 in the locking mechanism 8 is activated. The second oil cylinder 81 is fixedly connected to the inside of the lower side of the guide hole 82, and the guide hole 82 is provided inside the lower side of the outer housing 2. The locking tooth block 83 fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod on the upper side of the second oil cylinder 81 moves upward, and the upper tooth part of the locking tooth block 83 is connected to the lower tooth part of the large gear 6, thereby preventing the large gear 6 from rotating, and further locking the movable housing 3 and the connecting shaft 10 to prevent the accidental rotation of the winch main shaft 1.

[0028] In the control method of the present invention, it is controlled by manual start or through existing automation technologies. The wiring diagram of the power element and the power supply are common knowledge in the art, and the present invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices. Therefore, the control method and wiring layout will not be explained in detail in the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "the other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inner", "front", "center", "both ends", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the invention.

[0030] In the invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installed", "set", "connected", "fixed", "swiveling connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0031] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the invention claimed. The scope of the invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A marine capstan brake device, comprising a capstan main shaft (1), characterized in that: It also includes an outer shell (2), a movable shell (3), a brake mechanism (4), a small gear (5), a large gear (6), a multi-stage buffer mechanism (7), a locking mechanism (8), a clamping mechanism (9) and a connecting shaft (10); The connecting shaft (10) is movably connected to the inner center of the left side of the outer shell (2), and the left center of the connecting shaft (10) is connected to the outer right side of the capstan main shaft (1); The movable housing (3) is externally movably connected to the left interior of the outer housing (2); a clamping mechanism (9) is provided on the exterior of the movable housing (3); a brake mechanism (4) is provided on the interior of the movable housing (3); the inner side of the movable housing (3) is connected to the exterior of the connecting shaft (10); and a large gear (6) is fixedly connected to the exterior of the right exterior of the movable housing (3); The large gear (6) is internally fixedly connected to the right exterior of the movable housing (3); The multi-stage buffer mechanism (7) is arranged inside the right side of the outer shell (2), and a small gear (5) is fixedly connected to the input shaft on the upper left side of the multi-stage buffer mechanism (7), and the small gear (5) is connected to the large gear (6); The locking mechanism (8) is arranged in the central interior of the lower side of the outer shell (2), and the upper side of the locking mechanism (8) is connected to the lower side of the large gear (6).

2. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific structure of the brake mechanism (4) includes a guide groove 1 (41), a brake block 1 (42), a connecting oil hole 1 (43), a brake block 2 (44), a guide groove 2 (45), a connecting oil hole 2 (46), a piston chamber (47), a spring 1 (48), a piston 1 (49), an oil cylinder 1 (410) and a brake disc (411); There are a plurality of guide grooves 1 (41), and the plurality of guide grooves 1 (41) are respectively arranged around the left side of the movable housing (3), and a brake block 1 (42) is movably connected inside the plurality of guide grooves 1 (41); There are a plurality of guide grooves 2 (45), and the plurality of guide grooves 2 (45) are respectively arranged around the right side of the movable housing (3). The interiors of the plurality of guide grooves 2 (45) are movably connected with brake blocks 2 (44), and the exteriors of the plurality of guide grooves 2 (45) are connected to the interiors of corresponding guide grooves 1 (41) through connecting oil holes 2 (46); The brake disc (411) is located between the first brake block (42) and the second brake block (44), and the central interior of the brake disc (411) is fixedly connected to the right exterior of the connecting shaft (10); The piston chamber (47) is provided in the central interior of the right side of the movable housing (3), and a plurality of connecting oil holes (46) are provided around the left side of the piston chamber (47), and the outer sides of the connecting oil holes (46) are respectively connected to the inner sides of the corresponding guide grooves (45); The piston one (49) is movably connected to the inside of the piston chamber (47), and a spring one (48) is provided between the left side of the piston one (49) and the left side inside the piston chamber (47); The outside of the oil cylinder 1 (410) is fixedly connected to the central interior of the outer shell (2), and the left piston rod of the oil cylinder 1 (410) is movably connected to the right central part of the piston 1 (49).

3. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opposing surfaces of the brake block 1 (42) and the brake block 2 (44) are both provided with a wear-resistant and anti-skid layer.

4. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific structure of the multi-stage buffer mechanism (7) includes a hydraulic pump (71), an oil pipe (72), an oil storage chamber (73), a fuel filling cap (74), a one-way valve (75), a buffer oil chamber (76), a second piston (77), a small hole (78), a second spring (79) and a pressure reducing valve (710); The oil storage chamber (73) is arranged inside the right side of the outer shell (2), and a refueling cap (74) is provided at the upper opening of the oil storage chamber (73); The hydraulic pump (71) is fixedly connected to the interior of the upper side of the outer shell (2); the left input shaft of the hydraulic pump (71) is connected to the pinion (5); the inlet of the hydraulic pump (71) is connected to the lower side of the oil storage chamber (73) through the oil pipe (72); and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (71) is connected to the inlet of the one-way valve (75); The buffer oil chamber (76) is arranged inside the lower right side of the outer shell (2), and the upper inlet of the buffer oil chamber (76) is connected to the outlet of the one-way valve (75); The second piston (77) is externally movably connected to the inside of the buffer oil chamber (76), a small hole (78) is provided in the center of the second piston (77), and a second spring (79) is provided between the bottom surface of the second piston (77) and the bottom surface of the buffer oil chamber (76); The pressure reducing valve (710) is fixedly connected to the lower left side of the oil storage chamber (73), and the left inlet of the pressure reducing valve (710) is connected to the lower right outlet of the buffer oil chamber (76).

5. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific structure of the locking mechanism (8) includes a second oil cylinder (81), a guide hole (82) and a locking tooth block (83); The guide hole (82) is arranged inside the lower side of the outer shell (2), the lower side of the guide hole (82) is fixedly connected to the second oil cylinder (81), and the upper side of the piston rod end of the second oil cylinder (81) is fixedly connected to a locking tooth block (83); The upper tooth portion of the locking tooth block (83) is connected to the lower tooth portion of the large gear (6).

6. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific structure of the clamping mechanism (9) includes a sliding groove (91), a movable clamping tooth (92), a spring three (93), a connecting groove (94) and a tooth groove (95); There are a plurality of slide grooves (91), and the plurality of slide grooves (91) are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the left side of the outer shell (2), and movable latch teeth (92) are movably connected inside the plurality of slide grooves (91); There are a plurality of tooth grooves (95), and the plurality of tooth grooves (95) are evenly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the movable housing (3); A plurality of connecting grooves (94) are provided on one side of the movable latching tooth (92), and a spring three (93) is provided between the connecting groove (94) and the inside of the slide groove (91), and the tooth portion on the other side of the movable latching tooth (92) is connected to the tooth groove (95).

7. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tooth groove (95) is a circular arc tooth groove.

8. The marine capstan brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hexagonal connecting hole is provided in the center of the left side of the connecting shaft (10).

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