Oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device, preparation method and seawater desalination system

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device, a preparation method and a seawater desalination system, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, the oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device is used for carrying out photocatalytic degradation on organic dye in water and adsorbing oily pollutants in the water, the shape of the oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device is a 3D porous foam structure, and the aperture is 15-45 microns. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device disclosed by the invention not only is helpful for improving the evaporation rate of seawater, but also has adsorption and enrichment capabilities on oil stains and organic pollutants. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device has high evaporation efficiency, also has an efficient degradation effect on organic dyes such as methylene blue and the like, and meanwhile, the oil retention rate on various oils is 95% or above. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degradation device can be used for purifying a water body containing organic dyes such as methylene blue while continuously and efficiently desalting seawater, and a new scheme with an application prospect is provided for the technical field of environment-friendly, low-cost and multifunctional solar seawater desalination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, and particularly to a 3D photocatalytic degradation device, a preparation method thereof, and a seawater desalination system. Background Art

[0002] The shortage of global fresh water resources has become an increasingly serious problem. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, the lack of fresh water resources has had a huge impact on agriculture, industry, and daily life. Seawater desalination is an important means to provide fresh water supply. Traditional water treatment methods, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, although they can effectively remove impurities in water, their high energy consumption and high cost limit their wide application. At the same time, the treatment of industrial wastewater and oil-polluted water bodies also faces huge challenges. Solar interface evaporation technology has become one of the popular seawater desalination technologies today due to its advantages such as being green and low-cost. However, when the seawater desalination system treats oil-polluted water bodies, it often cannot simultaneously achieve high-efficiency evaporation and purification functions, resulting in low treatment efficiency and unable to meet the actual needs. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a seawater desalination system that has oil pollution adsorption, can degrade dye pollution, and has high-efficiency evaporation performance.

[0003] For example, in current seawater desalination technologies, a patent document with the publication number CN 113023811B discloses a solar thermal collection seawater desalination device. The device includes a water tank and a photothermal conversion element. The upper end of the water tank is an open structure, and the photothermal conversion element floats on the upper part of the water tank. The photothermal conversion element includes a matrix formed of a foaming material, and a groove with an upper-side opening is formed on the matrix. The groove is filled with a nickel foam matrix. A capillary structure water conveyance channel is arranged on the lower wall surface of the matrix, and the water conveyance channel communicates the water body of the water tank and the nickel foam matrix. A photothermal conversion coating is arranged on the upper part of the groove, and the photothermal conversion coating is connected to the nickel foam matrix. The buoyancy of the foaming material itself is greater than the gravity. Preferably, the upper surface of the photothermal conversion coating is at the same height as the upper surface of the water body or does not exceed 5 cm above the upper surface of the water body. Preferably, a transparent glass cover is arranged on the upper part of the water tank, and the transparent glass cover is in an arc structure. The glass cover includes a water collection trough located on the lower side. The water collection trough includes a vertical side wall on the inner side, a horizontal wall extending horizontally from the bottom end of the vertical side wall, and an outer vertical wall extending upward along the other end of the horizontal wall, and an arc structure extending upward and inward along the outer vertical wall. The inner vertical wall, the horizontal wall and the outer vertical wall form the water collection trough. Drainage holes are arranged on the horizontal wall to discharge the fresh water collected in the water collection trough, so as to achieve the purpose of taking water from seawater. Preferably, a diversion groove is arranged on the inner wall of the arc structure to ensure that the steam can flow into the water collection trough in time after condensation. Preferably, a steam outlet pipe is arranged at the top of the transparent glass cover, and the outlet pipe is connected to a cooling coil at the bottom of the water tank to introduce the steam into the cooling coil for cooling. The heat released by the condensation of the steam is used to preheat the water in the water tank. After the steam in the cooling coil condenses into water, the water is introduced into a recovery device. The above patent document is provided with a photothermal conversion coating and has the function of photothermal conversion, which improves the evaporation efficiency, but it does not have the function of oil absorption.

[0004] For another example, the patent document with the publication number CN 220502725 U discloses: a floating solar desalination device capable of tracking the sun, which includes a floating carrier, a distillation mechanism, a solar heat collection mechanism, a solar power generation mechanism, a control system, and a power mechanism arranged on the floating carrier; the distillation mechanism is used to distill seawater into fresh water by using the heat energy of the solar heat collection mechanism; the control system includes a control module, the control module is connected to the distillation mechanism and is used to control the distillation process; the control module is also connected to the power mechanism and is used to adjust the overall orientation of the desalination device to track the sun; the solar power generation mechanism is used to provide electrical energy for the distillation mechanism, the control system, and the power mechanism. Further, the distillation mechanism includes a distillation box; a partition is arranged in the distillation box to divide the distillation box into a seawater chamber and a fresh water chamber; an inclined condensation plate is also arranged above the seawater chamber and the fresh water chamber in the distillation box; the seawater chamber corresponds to the higher section of the condensation plate, the fresh water chamber corresponds to the lower section of the condensation plate, and there is a space between the top of the partition and the condensation plate. The above patent document also does not have the function of absorbing oil. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, which not only helps to improve the evaporation rate but also enhances the adsorption capacity for oil pollution.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method for an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device.

[0007] The present invention also aims to provide a solar desalination system with oil-absorbing performance.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device is used to photocatalytically degrade organic dyes in water and can adsorb oily pollutants in water. Its shape is a porous foam 3D structure, and the pore size is between 15 - 45 μm.

[0009] Further, the types of the organic dyes include but are not limited to methylene blue, rhodamine B, methyl orange, methylene blue, or xanthate.

[0010] Further, the types of the oily pollutants include but are not limited to chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, toluene, gasoline, diesel, or olive oil.

[0011] Further, the materials of the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device include the following components: styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide.

[0012] Further, the mass ratio of styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide is (0.087 - 0.097):(0.355 - 0.392):(0.08 - 0.14):(0.03 - 0.05):(0.1 - 0.3):(0.182 - 0.224):(18.24 - 18.56):(0.1 - 0.14):(0.08 - 0.12).

[0013] Further, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is between 8 - 80 nm, and the length is between 5 - 50 μm.

[0014] A preparation method of an oil - absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, which adopts a high - internal - phase Pickering emulsion template method, specifically includes the following steps: Step 1. Weigh raw materials: Weigh each raw material according to the following ratio: The mass ratio of styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide is (0.087 - 0.097):(0.355 - 0.392):(0.08 - 0.14):(0.03 - 0.05):(0.1 - 0.3):(0.182 - 0.224):(18.24 - 18.56):(0.1 - 0.14):(0.08 - 0.12); Step 2. Mix into an emulsion: Mix styrene, divinylbenzene, span, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, and butyl methacrylate evenly; add water in portions and stir to form a stable emulsion; Step 3. Add photocatalytic materials and photothermal materials: Add the weighed carbon nanotubes as photothermal materials into the emulsion, and add the weighed titanium dioxide as photocatalytic materials into the emulsion. After adding, stir evenly to form a raw material mixture; Step 4. Pour the raw material mixture into a mold, and carry out a polymerization reaction at an appropriate reaction temperature for an appropriate time to obtain a porous foam 3D structure.

[0015] Further, the reaction temperature is between 70 - 90 °C, and the appropriate time for the polymerization reaction is between 8 - 14 h.

[0016] A solar seawater desalination system with oil absorption performance includes an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, and also includes a floating frame, a transparent glass cover and a polyurethane sponge carrier. The transparent glass cover is arranged on the floating frame, and a circular fresh water collection tank is arranged along the inner side edge of the floating frame. The oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device is closely attached to the polyurethane sponge carrier, and the polyurethane sponge carrier floats on the seawater in the transparent glass cover. The circular fresh water collection tank is located on the periphery of the polyurethane sponge carrier. After the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device enriches the organic dyes in the seawater to its surface, it can carry out photocatalytic degradation through sunlight and adsorb the oily pollutants in the water. Sunlight passes through the transparent glass cover and irradiates on the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, evaporating the seawater in the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device. The generated water vapor rises and condenses into liquid fresh water on the surface of the transparent glass cover, and flows down along the transparent glass cover into the circular fresh water collection tank.

[0017] Further, the density of the polyurethane sponge carrier is between 25 - 50 kg / m 3 3.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This application has developed an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device. Through the porous 3D foam structure prepared by the high internal phase Pickering emulsion template method, it combines photothermal, photocatalytic and superhydrophilic properties, and can efficiently evaporate the water in the water body containing oil pollution and organic dyes such as methylene blue and rhodamine B into water vapor, and become fresh water after condensation. This process not only realizes the efficient evaporation of water, but also adsorbs and degrades the oil pollution and organic dyes in the water, significantly improving the comprehensive efficiency of water treatment.

[0019] The oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device of this application uses carbon nanotubes as the photothermal material and titanium dioxide as the photocatalytic material. The combination of the two greatly improves the photothermal conversion efficiency and photocatalytic degradation ability of the evaporator.

[0020] The oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device of this application has a large specific surface area and appropriate pore size (15 - 45 μm), which not only helps to improve the evaporation rate, but also has the ability to adsorb and enrich oil pollution and organic pollutants. The polyurethane sponge as the suspension support provides good mechanical strength and stability, ensuring the durability and reliability of the evaporator in practical applications. Description of the Drawings

[0021] The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the following drawings: Figure 1Schematic structural diagram of the solar seawater desalination system with oil absorption performance of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the top view shown; Figure 3 is Figure 1 schematic structural diagram of the polyurethane sponge carrier and the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device shown; Figure 4 is Figure 3 the electron microscope image of the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device shown.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Floating frame; 2. Transparent glass cover; 3. Polyurethane sponge carrier; 4. Oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device; 5. Annular fresh water collection tank. Specific implementation manners

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper surface", "lower surface", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "forward rotation", "reverse rotation", "axial direction", "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0025] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown in the figure, a solar seawater desalination system with oil absorption performance includes a floating frame 1, a transparent glass cover 2, a polyurethane sponge carrier 3, and an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device 4. The transparent glass cover 2 is arranged on the floating frame 1, and a circular fresh water collection tank 5 is provided along the inner side of the floating frame 1. The oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device 4 is closely attached to the polyurethane sponge carrier 3. The polyurethane sponge carrier 3 floats on the seawater inside the transparent glass cover 2. The circular fresh water collection tank 5 is located on the periphery of the polyurethane sponge carrier 2. The oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device 4 performs photocatalytic degradation on the organic dyes in the seawater and adsorbs the oily pollutants in the water. Sunlight passes through the transparent glass cover 2 and irradiates on the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device 4, evaporating the seawater inside the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device 4. The generated water vapor rises and condenses into liquid fresh water on the surface of the transparent glass cover 2, flowing down along the transparent glass cover 2 into the circular fresh water collection tank 5. The density of the polyurethane sponge carrier is between 25-50 kg / m 3 Between.

[0026] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 Shown in the figure, an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device is used to perform photocatalytic degradation on organic dyes in water and can adsorb oily pollutants in water. Its shape is a porous foam 3D structure, and the pore diameter is between 15-45 μm. The oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device of the present application has a large specific surface area and an appropriate pore diameter (15-45 m), which not only helps to improve the evaporation rate but also enhances the adsorption capacity for oil stains. The polyurethane sponge serves as a suspension support, providing good mechanical strength and stability, ensuring the durability and reliability of the evaporator in practical applications.

[0027] The types of the organic dyes include but are not limited to methylene blue, rhodamine B, methyl orange, methylene blue, or xanthate. The types of the oily pollutants include but are not limited to chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, toluene, gasoline, diesel, or olive oil.

[0028] The materials of the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device include the following components: styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide.

[0029] The mass ratio of styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide is (0.087 - 0.097):(0.355 - 0.392):(0.08 - 0.14):(0.03 - 0.05):(0.1 - 0.3):(0.182 - 0.224):(18.24 - 18.56):(0.1 - 0.14):(0.08 - 0.12). Among them, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is between 8 - 80 nm, and the length is between 5 - 50 μm.

[0030] Example 1 A preparation method of an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, which adopts a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template method, specifically includes the following steps: Step 1. Weigh raw materials: Weigh each raw material according to the following ratio: the masses of styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide are 0.087 g, 0.355 g, 0.08 g, 0.03 g, 0.1 g, 0.182 g, 18.24 g, 0.1 g, and 0.08 g respectively.

[0031] Step 2. Mix into an emulsion: Mix styrene, divinylbenzene, span, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, and butyl methacrylate evenly; add water in portions to form a stable emulsion.

[0032] Step 3. Add photocatalytic materials and photothermal materials: Add the weighed carbon nanotubes as photothermal materials to the emulsion, and add the weighed titanium dioxide as photocatalytic materials to the emulsion. After adding, stir evenly to form a raw material mixture.

[0033] Step 4. Pour the raw material mixture into a mold for polymerization reaction. The reaction temperature is 70 °C, and the reaction time is 14 h to obtain a porous foam 3D structure.

[0034] Step 5. Take out the porous foam 3D structure from the mold, perform appropriate cleaning and drying, and cut it into a cube of 2×2×2 cm 3 to obtain an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, and then stack the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation devices on a polyurethane sponge.

[0035] Example 2 A preparation method of an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, which adopts a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template method, specifically includes the following steps: Step 1. Weigh the raw materials: Weigh each raw material according to the following ratio: The mass ratio of styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide is 0.092 g, 0.373 g, 0.11 g, 0.04 g, 0.2 g, 0.203 g, 18.40 g, 0.12 g, 0.10 g.

[0036] Step 2. Mix into an emulsion: Mix styrene, divinylbenzene, span, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, and butyl methacrylate evenly; add water in portions to form a stable emulsion; Step 3. Add photocatalytic material and photothermal material: Add the weighed carbon nanotubes as the photothermal material to the emulsion, and add the weighed titanium dioxide as the photocatalytic material to the emulsion. After adding, stir evenly to form a raw material mixture; Step 4. Pour the raw material mixture into a mold for polymerization reaction. The reaction temperature is 80 °C and the reaction time is 11 h to obtain a porous foam 3D structure.

[0037] Step 5. Take out the porous foam 3D structure from the mold, perform appropriate cleaning and drying, and cut it into a cube of 2×2×2 cm 3 to obtain an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, and then stack the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation devices on a polyurethane sponge.

[0038] Example 3 A preparation method of an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, which adopts a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template method, specifically includes the following steps: Step 1. Weigh the raw materials: Weigh each raw material according to the following ratio: The mass ratio of styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide is 0.097 g, 0.392 g, 0.14 g, 0.05 g, 0.3 g, 0.224 g, 18.56 g, 0.14 g, 0.12 g.

[0039] Step 2. Mix into an emulsion: Mix styrene, divinylbenzene, span, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, and butyl methacrylate evenly; add water in portions to form a stable emulsion; Step 3. Add photocatalytic material and photothermal material: Add the weighed carbon nanotubes as the photothermal material to the emulsion, and add the weighed titanium dioxide as the photocatalytic material to the emulsion. After adding, stir evenly to form a raw material mixture; Step 4. Pour the raw material mixture into a mold for polymerization reaction. The reaction temperature is 90 °C and the reaction time is 8 h to obtain a porous foam 3D structure.

[0040] Step 5. Remove the porous foam 3D structure from the mold, perform appropriate cleaning and drying, and cut it into a cube of 2×2×2 cm 3 to obtain an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, and then stack the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation devices on the polyurethane sponge.

[0041] The following experimental tests were carried out on the above 3 embodiments: 1. Evaporation rate test: Under the condition of simulated solar light irradiation, measure the water evaporation rate of the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device, and record the evaporation amount per unit area.

[0042] 2. Photocatalytic degradation experiment: Place the prepared oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device in seawater containing 20 mg / L methylene blue dye, conduct a light irradiation experiment, and measure the degradation efficiency of the dye.

[0043] 3. Oil retention rate test: Place the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device in seawater containing different oil pollutants, and measure its oil retention rate for different oil pollutants.

[0044] Test results Prepare the corresponding oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation devices according to Examples 1-3, and use Figure 1 the solar seawater desalination system to conduct a solar seawater desalination experiment, and measure the evaporation rate, photocatalytic efficiency, and oil retention rate of the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device. The results are as follows: Table 1 Evaporation rate of three oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation devices Evaporator Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Average <![CDATA[Evaporation rate (kg⋅m -2 ⋅h -1 ).]]> 3.142 3.256 3.328 3.242 As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1-3 all have good evaporation rates, with an average of 3.242 kg⋅m -2 ⋅h -1 .

[0045] Test the concentrations of sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions, and calcium ions before and after seawater desalination. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Concentrations of metal ions before and after seawater desalination (ppm) Example Sodium ion Magnesium ion Potassium ion Calcium ion Untreated seawater 11750 7540 536 459 Example 1 8.34 5.42 1.74 1.46 Example 2 8.27 5.49 1.69 1.54 Example 3 8.33 5.35 1.88 1.79 As can be seen from Table 2, the salt removal rate of the water desalinated by the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device of the present invention reaches 99.9%.

[0046] Table 3 Catalytic degradation efficiency of three oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation devices for methylene blue Evaporator Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Average Catalytic degradation efficiency (%) 98.7 99.2 99.7 99.2 As can be seen from Table 3, the removal rate of methylene blue by the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degradation device of the present invention is all above 98%.

[0047] Table 4 Oil retention rates of three oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degraders for different oils Oil type / Oil retention rate (%) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Chloroform 97.7 98.3 99.2 Dichloromethane 98.7 98.9 99.4 Ethyl acetate 98.3 98.7 99.1 Petroleum ether 96.5 97.3 99.3 Toluene 98.2 98.7 99.7 Gasoline 97.2 98.1 98.4 Diesel 96.7 97.1 98.3 Olive oil 96.5 96.8 97.2 As can be seen from Table 4, the oil retention rates of the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degraders described in the present invention for different oils are all above 95%.

[0048] It can be seen that this application has developed an oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader. By organically compounding materials such as styrene, divinylbenzene, span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide, a 3D porous foam with high photocatalytic activity and superhydrophilic characteristics is prepared. While having a high evaporation efficiency, this oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader has a high degradation effect on organic dyes such as methylene blue, and the oil retention rates for various oils are all above 95%. The advantages of the present invention are as follows: This oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader can purify water bodies containing organic dyes such as methylene blue while continuously and efficiently desalinating seawater, providing a new and promising solution for the field of environmentally friendly, low-cost, and multifunctional solar seawater desalination technology.

[0049] In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader, characterized in that: It is used to photocatalytically degrade organic dyes in water and can adsorb oily pollutants in water. It has a porous foam 3D structure with a pore size between 15-45μm.

2. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The types of organic dyes include, but are not limited to, methylene blue, rhodamine B, methyl orange, methylene blue or xanthate.

3. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The types of the oily pollutants include, but are not limited to, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, toluene, gasoline, diesel or olive oil.

4. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 3, characterized in that: The materials of the oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader include the following components: styrene, divinylbenzene, Span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide.

5. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratios of styrene, divinylbenzene, Span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide are 0.087-0.097, 0.355-0.392, 0.08-0.14, 0.03-0.05, 0.1-0.3, 0.182-0.224, 18.24-18.56, 0.1-0.14 and 0.08-0.12, respectively.

6. The oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the carbon nanotube is between 8-80 nm, and the length is between 5-50 μm.

7. The method for preparing the oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 6, characterized in that: It adopts the high internal phase Pickering emulsion template method, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1. Weighing raw materials: weighing styrene, divinylbenzene, Span 80, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, butyl methacrylate, water, carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide in the mass ratio of 0.087-0.097, 0.355-0.392, 0.08-0.14, 0.03-0.05, 0.1-0.3, 0.182-0.224, 18.24-18.56, 0.1-0.14, 0.08-0.12 in sequence; Step 2. Mixing into an emulsion: Evenly mix styrene, divinylbenzene, Span, azobisisobutyronitrile, soybean oil, and butyl methacrylate; Add water in portions and stir to form a stable emulsion; Step 3. Adding photocatalytic materials and photothermal materials: adding weighed carbon nanotubes as photothermal materials to the emulsion, adding weighed titanium dioxide as photocatalytic materials to the emulsion, and stirring evenly after adding to form a raw material mixture; Step 4. Pour the raw material mixture into a mold, and polymerize at an appropriate reaction temperature and for an appropriate time to obtain a porous foam 3D structure.

8. The method for preparing the oil absorption type 3D photocatalytic degrader according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reaction temperature is between 70-90° C., and the appropriate polymerization reaction time is between 8-14 hours.

9. A solar desalination system with oil absorption performance, characterized in that: The invention comprises the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader (3) as claimed in claim 6, and also comprises a floating frame (1), a transparent glass cover (2) and a polyurethane sponge carrier (4), wherein the transparent glass cover is arranged on the floating frame, and a circle of annular fresh water collecting grooves are arranged along the inner side of the floating frame, the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader is closely attached to the polyurethane sponge carrier, and the polyurethane sponge carrier floats on the seawater in the transparent glass cover, and the annular fresh water collecting groove is located at the periphery of the polyurethane sponge carrier, the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader enriches the organic dye in the seawater to its surface and then photocatalytically degrades it by sunlight and absorbs the oily pollutants in the water, and the sunlight passes through the transparent glass cover and irradiates the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader, evaporates the seawater in the oil-absorbing 3D photocatalytic degrader, and the generated water vapor rises and condenses into liquid fresh water on the surface of the transparent glass cover, and flows down the transparent glass cover to the annular fresh water collecting groove (5).

10. The solar seawater desalination system with oil absorption performance according to claim 9, characterized in that: The density of the polyurethane sponge carrier is 25-50kg / m 3 between.

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