Ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water and application of ecological treatment process system

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water and application of the ecological treatment process system, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The ecological treatment process system for the aquaculture tail water comprises a sedimentation tank, a partition piece is arranged in the sedimentation tank, at least two first purification beds are connected with the sedimentation tank in parallel, an intermittent water inlet mode is adopted, the first purification beds can operate alternately, and bed bodies of the first purification beds are filled with filler; the second purification bed is connected with the first purification bed, a continuous water inlet mode is adopted, and a bed body of the second purification bed is filled with filler in a mixed mode; the filter tank is connected with the second purification bed and is filled with a filter material. The whole process system can effectively remove pollutants such as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), N, P, antibiotics and the like in the aquaculture tail water through the synergistic effect of natural precipitation, plant absorption, filler interception, microbial degradation, adsorption of an adsorption material and the like, and has the advantages of low maintenance cost, no need of additionally adding chemical agents, difficulty in causing secondary pollution and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water and its application. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the improvement of living standards, people's demand for protein is increasing day by day. Aquatic products, as high-quality animal protein, are deeply loved by the public. China is the largest aquatic product farming country in the world. However, during the process of aquaculture, various pollutants will be generated, such as fish and crab feces, feed residues, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfides, heavy metals, chlorine-containing compounds, antibiotics, etc. These pollutants will be discharged with the aquaculture tail water, bringing different degrees of pollution to the surrounding environment. For example, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus are likely to cause water eutrophication, disinfection by-products will change the pH value of the water body, antibiotics may lead to bacterial drug resistance and damage the ecological balance, and toxic substances such as heavy metals will accumulate in the human body along the food chain and endanger human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to promote the in-situ treatment project construction of aquaculture tail water to make the aquaculture tail water meet the discharge standards and protect the regional water environment.

[0003] Regarding the pollutants existing in aquaculture tail water, such as N, P, COD, and antibiotics, the current treatment technologies can be divided into four directions: physical, chemical, biological, and ecological. Physical technology removes large-particle impurities in the tail water through sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, etc., but the treatment efficiency is low when used alone. Chemical technology removes fine particles and organic matters in the tail water by adding chemical agents or using electrochemistry, etc., including unutilized debris of feed, organic particles generated by the metabolism of fish and crabs, residual drugs, etc., but it is easy to cause secondary pollution and the cost is high. Biological technology uses the degradation ability of microorganisms to purify the water body, but common microbial technologies such as the activated sludge method, biofilm method, and biological filter have high investment costs during daily operation and maintenance, so they are generally selected according to requirements in actual projects. Ecological technology mainly removes pollutants by means of the adsorption, absorption, and degradation of aquatic animals and plants, and has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and management, and no secondary pollution.

[0004] In the process design, usually the above-mentioned technologies are combined to enhance the treatment effect. After retrieval, the relevant patents on the aquaculture tail water treatment process currently include:

[0005] (1) An aquaculture tail water treatment shore-based ecological ditch disclosed in the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN219689524U. This shore-based ecological ditch includes an influent regulation area, a sedimentation area, a rapid biological filtration area, a multi-dimensional catalytic area, a sand filtration area, and filtration dams between each area. The effluent can be discharged or reused, but the aeration device and multi-dimensional electrode catalytic device used in this system have high investment costs, high energy consumption during operation, and complex maintenance.

[0006] (2) A aquaculture wastewater treatment process disclosed in a Chinese patent document with the publication number CN116768428A. The aquaculture wastewater first enters a sedimentation tank with a composite sedimentation mixture added for sedimentation treatment, and then is introduced into a filtration and strengthening tank equipped with a foam separator and an MBR membrane for further purification. After that, it enters a disinfection tank for disinfection using ozone and ultraviolet rays, and the effluent is discharged into an ecological treatment tank after being adsorbed by activated carbon. This process can effectively remove particulate suspended solids, N, P, and organic matter in the aquaculture wastewater, but the input of various chemicals and the construction, operation, and maintenance costs of the devices are high, and it is prone to secondary pollution.

[0007] (3) A system for treating aquaculture wastewater disclosed in a Chinese patent document with the publication number CN116553780A. The system is provided with a three - stage collecting tank, an anaerobic tank, a protein separator, a multi - functional submersible pump, and a magnetic device. To improve the purification efficiency, microbial preparation bacteria are also added to the system. The overall energy consumption is large, and the added bacterial agents will bring potential ecological risks.

[0008] Generally speaking, the aquaculture wastewater treatment process systems of existing patents usually add aeration devices or chemicals to improve the treatment effect, and there are problems such as high costs, difficult management and maintenance, and secondary pollution. In addition, existing patents mainly focus on treating conventional pollutants in aquaculture wastewater, but aquaculture wastewater usually contains residual drugs, such as antibiotics of quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicols, and β - lactams. These residual drugs have high ecological risks and also urgently need to be treated. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture wastewater and its application. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture wastewater has low costs, is environmentally friendly, can remove various pollutants in the wastewater, has good removal effects, does not need to adopt the method of increasing aeration devices and adding chemicals to improve the decontamination effect, and the ecological treatment process system for aquaculture wastewater has a simple structure and is convenient for operation and management.

[0010] The present invention provides an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture wastewater, including:

[0011] A sedimentation tank, in which a partition member is arranged to divide the sedimentation tank into multiple spaces, separating the sedimentation area and the effluent area;

[0012] A first purification bed, which is connected to the sedimentation tank. At least two first purification beds are arranged in parallel, and they adopt an intermittent water inlet method and can operate alternately. The first purification bed body is filled with fillers;

[0013] The second purification bed, which is connected to the first purification bed and adopts a continuous water inlet mode, and the interior of the second purification bed is filled with packing materials in a mixed manner;

[0014] The filter tank, which is connected to the second purification bed and the interior of the filter tank is filled with filter media;

[0015] The tail water flows from the sedimentation tank to the first purification bed. The water flows downward in the first purification bed. After being filtered by the internal packing materials, it flows from the bottom of the first purification bed to the second purification bed. The water flows horizontally in the second purification bed and is discharged into the filter tank, and is discharged after being filtered by the filter media.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length to the width of the sedimentation tank is 1.25 - 5, the ratio of the length to the depth is 1.5 - 6, and the freeboard should not be less than 0.3m;

[0017] The partition members are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction or the length direction inside the sedimentation tank. One end of the partition member is connected to the pool wall. The length of the partition member is 1 / 2 - 4 / 5 of the length or width of the pool body, the height is the same as the depth of the sedimentation tank, and the thickness is 0.2 - 0.3m;

[0018] The sedimentation tank includes a grille, which is located at the water inlet of the sedimentation tank. The length of the grille does not exceed 1 / 2 of the length of the partition member, and the width is less than the width of a single cell inside the sedimentation tank.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first purification bed is a vertical flow ecological purification bed, and multiple layers of packing materials are arranged along the vertical direction of the bed body;

[0020] The first purification bed includes a growth layer, a treatment layer, a protection layer, a drainage layer and an anti-seepage layer. The anti-seepage layer is located at the bottom of the first purification bed. The drainage layer, the protection layer, the treatment layer and the growth layer are sequentially laid above the anti-seepage layer. A collecting pipe is laid in the drainage layer, and aquatic plants are planted on the surface layer of the growth layer;

[0021] The first purification bed further includes a first water pipe, a second water pipe, a first connector and a second connector. The two first water pipes are connected through the first connector, and the first water pipe and the second water pipe are connected through the second connector. The second water pipe is a perforated pipe.

[0022] In some embodiments, the second purification bed includes a water inlet area, a treatment area section I, a treatment area section II and a drainage area. A third water pipe is installed on the surface layer of the water inlet area. The third water pipe is a perforated pipe. The third water pipe is connected to the water inlet through the first connector. Aquatic plants are planted on the surface layer of each area of the second purification bed, and the anti-seepage layer is laid at the bottom of the second purification bed.

[0023] In some embodiments, the filter tank includes filter media, a supporting pad, and a support member. The support member is laid at the bottom of the filter tank, and the supporting pad and the filter media are sequentially laid above the support member.

[0024] The filter tank is a modified biological carbon filter tank. The ratio of the length to the width of the filter tank is 1.5 to 5, and the freeboard is 0.3 to 0.6 m. The thickness of the filter media is 0.5 to 1.5 m, the average particle size of the filter media is 1 to 5 mm, the supporting pad is a concrete porous supporting pad with a thickness of 0.25 to 0.5 m, and 2 to 5 support members are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the filter tank, and their lengths are equal to the width of the tank body.

[0025] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length to the width of each purification bed of the first purification bed is less than 3, the thickness of the packing layer is 0.6 to 2.0 m, and the freeboard of the bed body is 0.2 to 0.3 m.

[0026] The thickness of the growth layer is 10 to 30 cm, and the particle size of the laid packing is 5 to 20 mm. The thickness of the treatment layer is 30 to 120 cm, and the particle size of the laid packing is 0.5 to 10 mm. The thickness of the protection layer is 5 to 20 cm, and the particle size of the laid packing is 3 to 20 mm. The thickness of the drainage layer is 15 to 30 cm, and the particle size of the laid packing is 8 to 20 mm. The anti-seepage layer is laid with 3 to 5 layers of HDPE geomembrane with a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length to the width of the second purification bed is less than 3, the thickness of the packing layer is 0.25 to 1.0 m, and the freeboard is 0.2 to 0.3 m.

[0028] The length of the water inlet area is 1 to 5 m, and the particle size of the laid packing is 8 to 20 mm. The length of the first section of the treatment area is 5 to 100 m, and the particle size of the laid packing is 5 to 10 mm. The length of the second section of the treatment area is 5 to 100 m, and the particle size of the laid packing is 0.5 to 5 mm. The length of the drainage area is 1 to 5 m, and the particle size of the laid packing is 8 to 20 mm.

[0029] In some embodiments, it further includes a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, and a water tank. The first driving mechanism is connected to the sedimentation tank, and the second driving mechanism is connected to the filter tank.

[0030] The water tank is a supporting collecting tank for the first purification bed, storing the water discharged from the first purification bed. The first purification bed is connected to the second purification bed through the water tank.

[0031] The sedimentation tank, the first purification bed, the water tank, the second purification bed and the filter tank are all provided with water inlet pipes and water outlet pipes, and flow meters and valves are installed on the water inlet pipes.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first driving mechanism, the sedimentation tank, the first purification bed, the water tank, the second purification bed, the filter tank, the second driving mechanism and the partition are all made of concrete with a thickness of 0.2 - 0.5 m; the water flows from the sedimentation tank to the filter tank by gravity.

[0033] The water inlet pipes, water outlet pipes, first water pipes, second water pipes, water collecting pipes and third water pipes are made of PVC material with an inner diameter of 100 - 250 mm. The water outlet pipes are equipped with filters, and the second water pipes and the third water pipes have hole diameters of 10 - 50 mm, and the centers of the holes are spaced 20 - 100 cm apart.

[0034] The application of an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water includes the above-mentioned ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water.

[0035] The surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation tank is 0.1 - 2.0 m 3 / (m 2 ·h); the surface hydraulic load of the first purification bed is 0.1 - 1.5 m 3 / (m 2 ·d), the COD load is 10 - 200 g / (m 2 ·d), the NH 3 -N load is 0.1 - 10 g / (m 2 ·d), and the TP load is 0.05 - 2.5 g / (m 2 ·d); the surface hydraulic load of the second purification bed is 0.1 - 1.0 m 3 / (m 2 ·d), the COD load is 5 - 100 g / (m 2 ·d), the NH 3 -N load is 0.1 - 5 g / (m 2 ·d), and the TP load is 0.05 - 1.5 g / (m 2 ·d);

[0036] The aquatic plants are emergent plants with a planting density of 10 - 30 plants / m 2 ;

[0037] The preparation method of the filter material is as follows: First, place the cleaned and naturally air-dried filter material raw materials in a tubular furnace, introduce nitrogen to evacuate the air to isolate oxygen, then heat at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, and then pyrolyze for 2 h at 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. After pyrolysis, cool to room temperature, then wash the residual biological grease and ash on the surface of the pyrolysis product with deionized water, and finally dry in an oven at 105 °C.

[0038] Advantages of the present invention:

[0039] 1. An ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water provided by the present invention includes a sedimentation tank, a first purification bed, a second purification bed, and a filter tank. The sedimentation tank is used for pretreatment of aquaculture tail water. Large-particle feed debris, organic particles generated by biological metabolism or death, and sediment particles are sedimented. The separation of the sedimentation area and the water outlet area avoids disturbing the sediment, and the long water flow path ensures sufficient hydraulic retention time, enabling high sedimentation efficiency.

[0040] 2. The water outlet of the sedimentation tank of the ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water flows through the first purification bed and the second purification bed in sequence. The intermittent water inlet mode of the first purification bed can achieve oxygen filling inside the bed body, which is beneficial to the growth of nitrifying bacteria, so the nitrification degree is relatively high. The water flow in the second purification bed is continuous, mainly in an anoxic and anaerobic environment, so the denitrification degree is relatively high. The combined action of the two purification beds greatly improves the removal efficiency of N, and through the synergistic action of the packing, plants, and microorganisms in the bed body, the concentrations of pollutants such as COD, P, and N can also be effectively reduced, and the removal efficiency of antibiotics is relatively high.

[0041] 3. The water outlet of the second purification bed of the ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water enters the modified biochar filter tank for deep treatment. The modified biochar has a higher specific surface area, richer pore structure, and functional groups than ordinary biochar, and can further adsorb nutrient elements and organic matters in water. The water outlet can be directly discharged or reused in the aquaculture area, saving water resources.

[0042] 4. The entire process system can effectively remove pollutants such as COD, N, P, and antibiotics in aquaculture tail water through the synergistic action of natural precipitation, plant absorption, packing interception, microbial degradation, and adsorption material adsorption. The water outlet can meet the Class III standard of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002).

[0043] 5. The process system has the advantages of low construction cost, low maintenance cost, no need to add additional chemical agents, and not easy to cause secondary pollution.

[0044] 6. A variety of aquatic plants are planted in the process system, improving the landscape effect of the surrounding environment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a top view of the sedimentation tank provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a top view of the first purification bed provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 a sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0049] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 a sectional view taken along line B-B in

[0050] Figure 6 It is a top view of the second purification bed provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 a sectional view taken along line C-C in

[0052] Figure 8 It is Figure 6 a sectional view taken along line D-D in

[0053] Figure 9 It is a sectional view of the filter tank provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1. First driving mechanism; 2. Sedimentation tank; 3. First purification bed; 4. Water pool; 5. Second purification bed; 6. Filter tank; 7. Second driving mechanism; 8. Ground; 9. Flowmeter; 10. Valve; 11. Water inlet pipe; 12. Water outlet pipe; 13. Grille; 14. Partition member; 15. First water pipe; 16. Second water pipe; 17. First connecting member; 18. Second connecting member; 19. Aquatic plant; 20. Collecting water pipe; 21. Anti-seepage layer; 22. Growth layer; 23. Treatment layer; 24. Protective layer; 25. Drainage layer; 26. Third water pipe; 27. Water inlet area; 28. Treatment area section I; 29. Treatment area section II; 30. Drainage area; 31. Filter media; 32. Support pad; 33. Support member. Detailed Embodiments

[0055] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0058] As Figures 1 to 9 shown, the present invention provides an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water. This ecological treatment process system can remove various pollutants in the tail water, has a good removal effect, and has a simple structure, which is convenient for operation and management.

[0059] As Figure 1 shown, in some embodiments, the ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water includes: a sedimentation tank 2, a first purification bed 3, a second purification bed 5, and a filter tank 6. One end of the sedimentation tank 2 is connected to the first purification bed 3. Through the action of gravity, the sedimentation tank 2 makes the suspended solid particles in the sewage settle to the bottom, thereby realizing solid-liquid separation, reducing the suspended solid content in the effluent, and improving the water quality. In the first purification bed 3, multiple layers of fillers are filled in the bed body, and aquatic plants are planted on the surface layer. The water flow flows from top to bottom to filter or decompose the pollutants in the water. On the side of the first purification bed 3 facing away from the sedimentation tank 2, there is a second purification bed 5. Fillers are filled in the second purification bed 5, and aquatic plants are planted on the surface of the fillers. The water flow flows continuously in the horizontal direction, and the fillers and aquatic plants intercept and decompose the pollutants in the water. On the side of the second purification bed 5 facing away from the first purification bed 3, there is a filter tank 6, and the filter tank 6 can filter and adsorb the pollutants in the tail water.

[0060] In some embodiments, the ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water also includes a first driving mechanism 1, which is located on the side of the sedimentation tank 2 away from the first purification bed 3, and is used to pump the tail water from the breeding area into the sedimentation tank 2. The filter 6 is connected to the side away from the second purification bed 5 with a second driving mechanism 7, and the second driving mechanism 7 is used to return the water discharged after the system treatment. A pool 4 is arranged between the first purification bed 3 and the second purification bed 5, and the pool 4 is half buried under the ground 8. Its volume is determined according to the water intake and hydraulic retention time. The pool 4 is used to store the water discharged from the first purification bed 3, and its super height is 0.2 to 0.3m to prevent the water from suddenly increasing and overflowing, causing pollution to the surrounding environment.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, further, in some embodiments, a partition 14 is provided inside the sedimentation tank 2, and the partition 14 divides the sedimentation tank 2 into multiple spaces, separates the sedimentation area from the water outlet area, and extends the path of the water flow. A water inlet pipe 11 is provided on the side of the sedimentation tank 2 close to the first driving mechanism 1, which is used to transport aquaculture tail water into the sedimentation tank 2. A flow meter 9 and a valve 10 are provided between the first driving mechanism 1 and the water inlet pipe 11, which are used to control the water flow in the pipeline. A grille 13 is provided at the water inlet of the sedimentation tank 2, and the grille 13 is located at the water inlet of the sedimentation tank 2. The grille 13 is used to filter large pieces of garbage such as branches, water plants, and rotten leaves. The sedimentation tank 2 is connected to the first purification bed 3 through a water outlet pipe 12.

[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment, two partitions 14 are provided in the sedimentation tank 2, so that the sedimentation tank 2 is divided into three spaces, forming a sedimentation area and a water outlet area. The partitions 14 are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction or the length direction of the sedimentation tank 2. One end of the two partitions 14 is connected to the pool walls on both sides, and the two are arranged in parallel. The length of the partition 14 is 1 / 2 to 4 / 5 of the length or width of the pool body, and the height is the same as the depth of the sedimentation tank 2. Its thickness is generally 0.2 to 0.3m. Among them, the ratio of the length to the width of the sedimentation tank 2 is 1.25 to 5, and the ratio of the length to the depth is 1.5 to 6. The super height should not be less than 0.3m to prevent the water inflow from suddenly increasing and affecting the operation of the entire system. The gap of the grille 13 is 16 to 25mm, the length does not exceed 1 / 2 of the length of the partition 14, and the width should be less than the width of a single grid in the sedimentation tank 2. Optionally, the sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 2 is cleaned every six months or one year. When cleaning, the pool water is first drained, and the bottom sludge is extracted by a sludge pump and then transported for treatment. A three-grid regulating sedimentation tank is used to pre-treat aquaculture tailwater. Large-sized feed debris, organic particles produced by biological metabolism or death, and bottom mud particles are settled. The separation of the sedimentation area and the outlet area avoids disturbance to the sediment. The longer water flow path ensures sufficient hydraulic retention time, which can achieve high sedimentation efficiency.

[0063] likeFigures 3 to 5 As shown, further, in some embodiments, two first purification beds 3 are arranged in parallel and operate alternately, adopting an intermittent water inlet mode, and each bed body is filled with water for 12 hours every day. The intermittent water inlet mode of the first purification bed 3 can achieve internal oxygenation of the bed body, which is beneficial to the growth of nitrifying bacteria. Therefore, the nitrification degree is relatively high, and the purification efficiency of the first purification bed 3 can be ensured. The first purification bed 3 is a vertical flow ecological purification bed. Multiple layers of fillers are arranged in the vertical direction of the bed body. A growth layer 22, a treatment layer 23, a protection layer 24, a drainage layer 25 and an anti-seepage layer 21 are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction of the bed body of the first purification bed 3. The anti-seepage layer 21 is located at the bottom of the first purification bed 3 and is used to prevent water from seeping down. A drainage layer 25 is laid above the anti-seepage layer 21. A water collecting pipe 20 is buried in the drainage layer 25 and is used to collect the purified water and discharge the purified water into the water tank 4 through the drain pipe 12. The protection layer 24, the treatment layer 23 and the growth layer 22 are sequentially laid above the drainage layer 25. Aquatic plants are planted on the surface layer of the growth layer 22. The water flows from top to bottom, sequentially passing through the growth layer 22, the treatment layer 23, the protection layer 24 and the drainage layer 25, and finally converges to the water collecting pipe 20 and then is discharged.

[0064] Further, in this embodiment, one end of the water outlet pipe 12 of the sedimentation tank 2 is connected to one end of the water inlet pipe 11 of the first purification bed 3. The other end of the water inlet pipe 11 is connected to the first water pipe 15 through a first connector 17. The first water pipe 15 is located on both sides of the other end of the water inlet pipe 11. Second water pipes 16 are evenly distributed in the first purification bed 3. The second water pipes 16 are connected to the first water pipe 15 through second connectors 18. The second water pipes 16 are perforated pipes, and a plurality of round holes are evenly distributed on the pipes. A flow meter 9 and a valve 10 are installed on the first water pipe 15. Flow meters 9 and valves 10 are also arranged between the water collecting pipe 20 and the water outlet pipe 12. By controlling the valve 10, the flow of water in the pipeline can be controlled, so as to realize the alternate operation of the first purification bed 3.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, the ratio of the length to the width of each purification bed of the first purification bed 3 is less than 3. The thickness of the filler layer is 0.6 - 2.0 m, and the freeboard of the bed body is taken as 0.2 - 0.3 m, which can prevent the problem of overflow caused by the increase in water flow. The fillers are arranged in layers from top to bottom. Among them, the thickness of the growth layer 22 is 10 - 30 cm, and the particle size of the sand or gravel laid is 5 - 20 mm. The thickness of the treatment layer 23 is 30 - 120 cm, and the particle size of the sand / gravel / zeolite / volcanic stone / vermiculite / ceramsite laid is 0.5 - 10 mm. The thickness of the protection layer 24 is 5 - 20 cm, and the particle size of the sand / gravel laid is 3 - 20 mm. The thickness of the drainage layer 25 is 15 - 30 cm, and the particle size of the sand / gravel laid is 8 - 20 mm. The anti-seepage layer 21 is laid with 3 - 5 layers of HDPE geomembranes with a thickness of 0.2 - 1.0 mm. A variety of aquatic plants 19 are mixed and planted on the upper surface of the growth layer 22 of the first purification bed 3.

[0066] As Figures 6 to 8 In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 6 to 8 , the second purification bed 5 is provided with a water inlet area 27, a treatment area section I 28, a treatment area section II 29, and a drainage area 30 along the water flow direction. Various fillers are mixed and filled inside each area, and a variety of aquatic plants 19 are mixed and planted on the surface of the fillers. The water flow continuously flows in the horizontal direction. The second purification bed 5 is a horizontal flow ecological purification bed, which purifies the tail water by continuous water inlet, and is mainly an anoxic and anaerobic environment, so the degree of denitrification is relatively high. An inlet pipe 11 is installed at the top of the water inlet area of the second purification bed 5. One end of the inlet pipe 11 is connected to the outlet pipe 12 of the water tank 4, and a flow meter 9 and a valve 10 are installed in the middle to monitor and control the water flow in the pipeline. The other end of the inlet pipe 11 is connected to a third water pipe 26. The third water pipe 26 is connected to the inlet pipe 11 through a first connector 17. The third water pipe 26 is arranged on the surface of the fillers in the water inlet area 27. The third water pipe 26 is a perforated pipe, and a plurality of round holes are evenly distributed on the water pipe for water distribution. The outlet pipe 12 is buried at the bottom of the drainage area 30 to discharge the water purified by the second purification bed 5. An anti-seepage layer 21 is laid at the bottom of the second purification bed 5 to prevent water from seeping down and causing environmental pollution.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, the ratio of the length to the width of the second purification bed 5 is less than 3, the thickness of the filler layer is 0.25 - 1.0 m, and the freeboard is taken as 0.2 - 0.3 m, which can prevent the problem of overflow caused by the increase in water flow. The second purification bed 5 is successively divided into a water inlet area 27, a treatment area section I 28, a treatment area section II 29, and a drainage area 30 along the water flow direction. Among them, the length of the water inlet area 27 is 1 - 5 m, and the particle size of the sand / gravel laid is 8 - 20 mm. The length of the treatment area section I 28 is 5 - 100 m, and the particle size of the sand / gravel / zeolite / volcanic stone / vermiculite / ceramsite laid is 5 - 10 mm. The length of the treatment area section II 29 is 5 - 100 m, and the particle size of the sand / gravel / zeolite / volcanic stone / vermiculite / ceramsite laid is 0.5 - 5 mm. The length of the drainage area 30 is 1 - 5 m, and the particle size of the sand / gravel laid is 8 - 20 mm. An anti-seepage layer 21 is laid at the bottom of the bed body. The anti-seepage layer 21 is laid with 3 - 5 layers of HDPE geomembrane with a thickness of 0.2 - 1.0 mm. The combined action of the first purification bed 3 and the second purification bed 5 greatly improves the removal efficiency of N, and through the synergistic action of the fillers, plants and microorganisms in the bed body, the concentrations of pollutants such as COD, P, and antibiotics can also be effectively reduced.

[0068] As Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments, the filter tank 6 includes filter material 31, a support pad 32 and a support member 33. The support member 33 is a block structure and is laid on the bottom of the filter tank 6. The support pad 32 is laid on the top of the support member 33. The filter material 31 is laid on the top of the support pad 32. The filter material 31 is used to further filter impurities in the water. The support pad 32 is used to support the filter material 31. The support member 33 is used to support the support pad 32 and the filter material 31. The filter tank 6 is provided with a water inlet 11 on one side close to the second purification bed 5, and a water outlet 12 on the side close to the second driving mechanism for discharging the water purified by the filter tank 6.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the filter 6 is a modified biochar filter. The modified biochar has a higher specific surface area, richer pore structure and functional groups than ordinary biochar, and can further absorb nutrients and organic matter in the water. The effluent can be directly discharged or reused in the breeding area. The ratio of the length to the width of the filter 6 is 1.5-5, the thickness of the filter material 31 is 0.5-1.5m, and the super height is 0.3-0.6m; the filter material 31 can be made of crushed stone, pebbles, bamboo chips, coke, etc. as raw materials for preparation, and the average particle size of the modified filter material 31 is 1-5mm. The bottom of the filter 6 uses a porous concrete support pad 32 to receive the filter material 31. The thickness of the support pad 32 is 0.25-0.5m. The support pad 32 is supported by a support member 33 made of a concrete block. The support member 33 is arranged 2-5 times at equal intervals along the length direction of the filter 6, and its length is equal to the width of the pool body.

[0070] Optionally, the first connecting member 17 is a three-way pipe fitting, and the second connecting member 18 is a four-way pipe fitting.

[0071] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sedimentation tank 2 and the first purification bed 3 are located above the ground 8, and the water tank 4, the second purification bed 5 and the filter tank 6 are partially buried below the ground 8. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water relies on gravity to make the water flow, without adding additional driving force, thereby reducing the cost of the entire ecological treatment process system.

[0072] Optionally, in this embodiment, the first drive mechanism 1 is provided with two sewage pumps for pumping tail water from the aquaculture area into the sedimentation tank 2. The second drive mechanism 7 is also provided with two sewage pumps for pumping water treated by the system from the filter tank 6 to the aquaculture area for reuse.

[0073] Further, in some embodiments, the first driving mechanism 1, the settling tank 2, the first purification bed 3, the water tank 4, the second purification bed 5, the filter tank 6, the second driving mechanism 7 and the partition 14 are all made of concrete with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 m.

[0074] Optionally, the water inlet pipe 11, the water collecting pipe 20, the water outlet pipe 12, the first water pipe 15, the second water pipe 16 and the third water pipe 26 are all made of materials such as PVC and PE that are corrosion-resistant, anti-aging and low-cost. Their inner diameters are 100-250 mm. A filter screen is installed at the water outlet pipe 12. The opening diameters of the second water pipe 16 and the third water pipe 26 are 10-50 mm, and the center distance between the holes is 20-100 cm.

[0075] In addition, the present invention also provides an application of an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water in treating aquaculture tail water.

[0076] Optionally, the application in treating aquaculture tail water can not only significantly reduce the contents of COD, N and P, but also has a high removal efficiency for antibiotics. The surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation tank 2 is 0.1-2.0 m 3 / (m 2 ·h); the surface hydraulic load of the first purification bed 3 is 0.1-1.5 m 3 / (m 2 ·d), the COD load is 10-200 g / (m 2 ·d), the NH 3 -N load is 0.1-10 g / (m 2 ·d), the TP load is 0.05-2.5 g / (m 2 ·d); the surface hydraulic load of the second purification bed 5 is 0.1-1.0 m 3 / (m 2 ·d), the COD load is 5-100 g / (m 2 ·d), the NH 3 -N load is 0.1-5 g / (m 2 ·d), the TP load is 0.05-1.5 g / (m 2 ·d).

[0077] Optionally, the plants planted on the surfaces of the first purification bed 3 and the second purification bed 5 in the application of treating aquaculture tail water can be selected from emergent plants such as reed, water dropwort, cattail, pickerelweed, calamus, arrowhead, etc. The planting density is 10-30 plants / m 2 .

[0078] Optionally, the preparation method of the modified biochar for the application in treating aquaculture tail water is as follows: First, place the cleaned and naturally air-dried filter material raw materials in a tube furnace, introduce nitrogen to evacuate the air to isolate oxygen, then heat up at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, and then pyrolyze for 2 h at 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. After the pyrolysis is completed, cool to room temperature, then wash the residual bio-oil and ash on the surface of the pyrolysis product with deionized water, and finally dry in an oven at 105 °C. The purification effect of the modified biochar prepared by this method is better.

[0079] Example 1:

[0080] Next to a crab pond aquaculture area in a certain city, an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water of the present invention is constructed. The flow rate of the crab pond aquaculture tail water is 100 m 3 / d, and it is introduced into this treatment process (the pollutant concentration of the tail water is shown in Table 1) and operated for 3 months. After the tail water is pumped to the sedimentation tank 2 by the first driving mechanism 1, it flows through the first purification bed 3, the water tank 4, the second purification bed 5, and the filter tank 6 in sequence, and the effluent is lifted and refluxed to the aquaculture area or directly discharged by the second driving mechanism 7.

[0081] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sedimentation tank 2 is 4 m long, 2.5 m wide, with an effective water depth of 1.5 m, and the freeboard is taken as 0.3 m, so the tank depth is 1.8 m, and the surface hydraulic load is 0.23 m 3 / (m 2 ·h). Two partition members 14 are arranged inside the sedimentation tank 2 to divide it into three compartments. The partition members 14 are equidistantly distributed along the length direction of the sedimentation tank, one end is connected to the tank wall, and the other end is 0.5 m away from the tank wall, that is, the partition member 14 is 2 m long, with the same height as the depth of the sedimentation tank 2 and a thickness of 0.3 m. A grille 13 is installed at the water inlet 11, the gap of the grille 13 is 20 mm, the length along the width direction of the sedimentation tank 2 is 0.8 m, and the width is 0.6 m; the sludge at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 2 is cleaned once every six months.

[0082] Two first purification beds 3 are arranged in parallel, both are vertical flow ecological purification beds. Each vertical flow ecological purification bed is 12 m long, 5 m wide, with a filler thickness of 1.2 m, the water depth is lower than the filler thickness, and the freeboard is taken as 0.3 m, that is, the tank depth is 1.5 m, and the surface hydraulic load is 0.83 m 3 / (m 2· d). The water flow in the first purification bed 3 flows from top to bottom, so the filler is arranged in layers from top to bottom. Among them, the thickness of the growth layer 22 is 15 cm, and gravel with a particle size of 5 - 20 mm is laid; the thickness of the treatment layer 23 is 70 cm, and volcanic stones with a diameter of 0.5 - 10 mm are laid; the thickness of the protection layer 24 is 15 cm, and volcanic stones with a diameter of 3 - 20 mm are laid; the thickness of the drainage layer 25 is 20 cm, and gravel with a diameter of 8 - 20 mm is laid; the thickness of the anti-seepage layer 21 is 8 mm, and 4 layers of HDPE geomembrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm are laid. Reed, thalia dealbata, calamus and sagittaria trifolia are mixedly planted on the surface of the filler in the first purification bed 3. Among them, the planting density of reed and thalia dealbata is 15 plants / m 3 , and the planting density of calamus and sagittaria trifolia is 25 plants / m 3 . The two beds of the first purification bed 3 operate alternately. The daily water inlet duration of each bed is 12 h. The water pipes are arranged on the surface layer of the filler and are divided into the first water pipe 15 and the second water pipe 16. The first water pipe 15 is connected to the water inlet pipe 11 of the first purification bed 3 through a tee fitting and is connected to the second water pipe 16 through a cross fitting. The collecting pipe 20 is buried in the drainage layer 25 to collect the effluent and is connected to the outlet pipe 12 through a tee fitting. A water tank 4 is provided behind the first purification bed 3 for storing the effluent. The water tank 4 is 10 m long, 10 m wide and 1.8 m high.

[0083] The second purification bed 5 is 26 m long and 15 m wide, the thickness of the filler is 1 m, the water depth is lower than the thickness of the filler, and the freeboard is taken as 0.3 m, so the pool depth is 1.3 m, and the surface hydraulic load is 0.26 m 3 / (m 2 · d). The water flow in the second purification bed 5 flows horizontally, so the filler is divided into a water inlet area 27, a treatment area section I 28, a treatment area section II 29 and a drainage area 30 along the horizontal direction. The water inlet area 27 is 3 m long and gravel with a size of 8 - 20 mm is laid. The treatment area section I 28 is 10 m long and volcanic stones with a diameter of 5 - 10 mm are laid. The treatment area section II 29 is 10 m long and volcanic stones with a diameter of 0.5 - 5 mm are laid. The drainage area 30 is 3 m long and gravel with a diameter of 8 - 20 mm is laid; the anti-seepage layer 21 at the bottom of the bed body is laid with 4 layers of HDPE geomembrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Reed, thalia dealbata, calamus and sagittaria trifolia are mixedly planted on the surface of the filler in the second purification bed 5. Among them, the planting density of reed and thalia dealbata is 15 plants / m 3 , and the planting density of calamus and sagittaria trifolia is 25 plants / m 3 . The second purification bed 5 adopts a continuous water inlet method. The third water pipe 26 is arranged on the surface layer of the filler in the water inlet area 27 and is directly connected to the water inlet pipe 11 of the purification bed through a tee fitting. The outlet pipe 12 is buried at the bottom of the drainage area 25.

[0084] The filter pool 6 is 5m long and 4m wide, the filter material 31 is 1.2m thick, and the super height is 0.5m, so the pool depth is 1.7m. The preparation method of modified biochar is as follows: first, the cleaned and naturally air-dried bamboo chips are placed in a tubular furnace, nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air and isolate oxygen, and then the temperature is increased at a heating rate of 10°C / min, and then pyrolyzed at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C for 2h, and then cooled to room temperature after the pyrolysis is completed, and then the residual biological oil and ash on the surface of the pyrolysis product are washed with deionized water, and finally dried in an oven at 105°C. The average particle size of the modified filter material is 1 to 5 mm; a porous concrete supporting pad 32 is used at the bottom of the filter tank 6 to receive the filter material 31 and a concrete block is used as a supporting member 33 to support the supporting pad 32. The thickness of the supporting pad 32 is 0.25 m. Two supporting members 33 are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the filter tank 6. The length is equal to the width of the filter tank 6, the width is 1 m, and the thickness is 0.25 m.

[0085] Each structure and separator 14 is made of concrete with a wall thickness of 0.3m; water flows between the structures by gravity; the water inlet pipe 11, water collecting pipe 20, water outlet pipe 12, first water pipe 15, second water pipe 16 and third water pipe 26 of each structure are all made of PVC material with an inner diameter of 150mm, among which the water inlet pipe 11 is provided with a flow meter 9 and a valve 10, and a filter is added to the water outlet pipe 12, the opening diameters of the second water pipe 16 and the third water pipe 26 are 30mm, and the hole centers are spaced 50cm apart.

[0086] After treatment, the concentration of pollutants in the aquaculture tail water was greatly reduced, and the removal effect is shown in Table 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 1:

[0088] Referring to Example 2, the difference is that the crab pond aquaculture tail water only flows through sedimentation tank 2. The pollutant removal effect after treatment is shown in Table 2.

[0089] Comparative Example 2:

[0090] Referring to Example 2, the difference is that the crab pond aquaculture tail water only flows through the first purification bed 3. The pollutant removal effect after treatment is shown in Table 3.

[0091] Comparative Example 3:

[0092] Referring to Example 1, the difference is that the crab pond aquaculture tail water only flows through the second purification bed 5. The pollutant removal effect after treatment is shown in Table 4.

[0093] Comparative Example 4:

[0094] Referring to Example 1, the difference is that the crab pond aquaculture tail water only flows through the filter 6. The pollutant removal effect after treatment is shown in Table 5.

[0095] Table 1 Pollutant removal effect of Example 1

[0096]

[0097] Table 2 Pollutant removal effect of Comparative Example 1

[0098]

[0099] Table 3 Pollutant removal effect of Comparative Example 2

[0100]

[0101] Table 4 Pollutant removal effect of Comparative Example 3

[0102]

[0103] Table 5 Pollutant removal effect of Comparative Example 4

[0104]

[0105] Table 6 Total pollutant removal effect of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] (1) As can be seen from Table 1, the effluent of Example 1 meets the Class III standard of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), indicating that the aquaculture tail water can be recycled to the aquaculture area for reuse after being treated by this process system to save water resources.

[0109] (2) As can be seen from Tables 1-5, the effluents of Comparative Examples 1-4 cannot reach the Class V standard of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), belonging to inferior Class V water, and the final removal rates of various pollutants in Example 1 are higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-4, indicating that this system can effectively improve the removal effect of pollutants such as COD, N, P, and antibiotics (such as sulfamethoxazole and penicillin) in aquaculture tail water.

[0110] (3) As can be seen from Table 6, the removal rates of NH 3 -N, TP, and sulfamethoxazole in Example 1 (85.42%, 84.00%, 86.40%) are better than the sum of the removal rates of the corresponding pollutants in Comparative Examples 1-4 (74.56%, 79.34%, 80.99%), indicating that this process system has a synergistic effect on the removal of NH 3 -N, TP, and sulfamethoxazole.

[0111] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water, characterized in that: include: A sedimentation tank (2), wherein a partition (14) is provided in the sedimentation tank (2) to divide the sedimentation tank (2) into a plurality of spaces, so that a sedimentation area and a water outlet area are separated; A first purification bed (3), the first purification bed (3) is connected to the sedimentation tank (2), at least two first purification beds (3) are arranged in parallel, adopt an intermittent water inlet mode, and can be operated alternately, and the bed body of the first purification bed (3) is filled with fillers; A second purification bed (5), the second purification bed (5) is connected to the first purification bed (3), and adopts a continuous water inlet method, and the second purification bed (5) is filled with fillers; A filter tank (6), the filter tank (6) being connected to the second purification bed (5), and the filter tank (6) being filled with filter material (31); The tail water flows through the sedimentation tank (2) to the first purification bed (3), the water flows from top to bottom in the first purification bed (3), and after being filtered by the internal filler, it flows from the bottom of the first purification bed (3) to the second purification bed (5), the water flows in the second purification bed (5) in a horizontal direction, and is discharged into the filter tank (6), and is discharged after being filtered by the filter material (31).

2. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ratio of the length to the width of the sedimentation tank (2) is 1.25 to 5, the ratio of the length to the depth is 1.5 to 6, and the super height should not be less than 0.3 m; The separators (14) are arranged at equal intervals inside the sedimentation tank (2) along its width direction or length direction, one end of the separator (14) is connected to the tank wall, the length of the separator (14) is 1 / 2 to 4 / 5 of the length or width of the tank body, the height is the same as the depth of the sedimentation tank (2), and the thickness is 0.2 to 0.3 m; The sedimentation tank (2) comprises a grille (13) located at the water inlet of the sedimentation tank (2); the length of the grille (13) does not exceed 1 / 2 of the length of the partition (14), and the width is less than the width of a single grid in the sedimentation tank (2).

3. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first purification bed (3) is a vertical flow ecological purification bed, and multiple layers of fillers are arranged along the vertical direction of the bed body; The first purification bed (3) comprises a growth layer (22), a treatment layer (23), a protective layer (24), a drainage layer (25) and an impermeable layer (21); the impermeable layer (21) is located at the bottom of the first purification bed (3); the drainage layer (25), the protective layer (24), the treatment layer (23) and the growth layer (22) are laid in sequence above the impermeable layer (21); a water collecting pipe (20) is laid in the drainage layer (25); and aquatic plants (19) are planted on the surface of the growth layer (22); The first purification bed (3) further comprises a first water pipe (15), a second water pipe (16), a first connecting piece (17) and a second connecting piece (18); the two first water pipes (15) are connected via the first connecting piece (17); the first water pipe (15) and the second water pipe (16) are connected via the second connecting piece (18); and the second water pipe (16) is a perforated pipe.

4. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second purification bed (5) comprises a water inlet area (27), a treatment area section I (28), a treatment area section II (29) and a drainage area (30). A third water pipe (26) is installed on the surface of the water inlet area (27). The third water pipe (26) is a perforated pipe. The third water pipe (26) is connected to the water inlet via the first connecting piece (17). The aquatic plants (19) are planted on the surface of each area of ​​the second purification bed (5). The bottom of the second purification bed (5) is paved with the anti-seepage layer (21).

5. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter tank (6) comprises filter material (31), a supporting pad (32) and a supporting member (33), wherein the supporting member (33) is laid on the bottom of the filter tank (6), and the supporting pad (32) and the filter material (31) are laid on top of the supporting member (33) in sequence; The filter tank (6) is a modified biochar filter tank, the ratio of the length to the width of the filter tank (6) is 1.5 to 5, and the super height is 0.3 to 0.6 m; the thickness of the filter material (31) is 0.5 to 1.5 m, the average particle size of the filter material (31) is 1 to 5 mm, the support pad (32) is a concrete porous support pad, and its thickness is 0.25 to 0.5 m, and 2 to 5 support members (33) are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the filter tank (6), and their length is equal to the width of the tank body.

6. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ratio of the length to the width of each of the first purification beds (3) is less than 3, the thickness of the packing layer is 0.6 to 2.0 m, and the super height of the bed is 0.2 to 0.3 m; The thickness of the growth layer (22) is 10 to 30 cm, and the particle size of the filler laid is 5 to 20 mm; the thickness of the treatment layer (23) is 30 to 120 cm, and the particle size of the filler laid is 0.5 to 10 mm; the thickness of the protection layer (24) is 5 to 20 cm, and the particle size of the filler laid is 3 to 20 mm; the thickness of the drainage layer (25) is 15 to 30 cm, and the particle size of the filler laid is 8 to 20 mm; the anti-seepage layer (21) is paved with 3 to 5 layers of HDPE geomembrane with a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm.

7. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The ratio of the length to the width of the second purification bed (5) is less than 3, the thickness of the packing layer is 0.25 to 1.0 m, and the super height is 0.2 to 0.3 m; The length of the water inlet area (27) is 1 to 5 m, and the particle size of the laid filler is 8 to 20 mm; the length of the treatment area section I (28) is 5 to 100 m, and the particle size of the laid filler is 5 to 10 mm; the length of the treatment area section II (29) is 5 to 100 m, and the particle size of the laid filler is 0.5 to 5 mm; the length of the drainage area (30) is 1 to 5 m, and the particle size of the laid filler is 8 to 20 mm.

8. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a first driving mechanism (1), a second driving mechanism (7) and a water tank (4), wherein the first driving mechanism (1) is connected to the sedimentation tank (2), and the second driving mechanism (7) is connected to the filter tank (6); The water pool (4) is a matching water collection pool of the first purification bed (3), storing water discharged from the first purification bed (3), and the first purification bed (3) and the second purification bed (5) are connected through the water pool (4); The sedimentation tank (2), the first purification bed (3), the water pool (4), the second purification bed (5) and the filter tank (6) are all provided with a water inlet pipe (11) and a water outlet pipe (12), and a flow meter (9) and a valve (10) are installed on the water inlet pipe (11).

9. The ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first driving mechanism (1), the sedimentation tank (2), the first purification bed (3), the water tank (4), the second purification bed (5), the filter tank (6), the second driving mechanism (7) and the partition (14) are all made of concrete with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 m; water flows from the sedimentation tank (2) to the filter tank (6) by gravity; The water inlet pipe (11), the water outlet pipe (12), the first water pipe (15), the second water pipe (16), the water collecting pipe (5) and the third water pipe (26) are made of PVC material with an inner diameter of 100 to 250 mm. The water outlet pipe (12) is equipped with a filter screen. The opening diameters of the second water pipe (16) and the third water pipe (26) are 10 to 50 mm, and the center intervals of the holes are 20 to 100 cm.

10. Application of an ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water, characterized in that: An ecological treatment process system for aquaculture tail water comprising the method of claim 9; The surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation tank (2) is 0.1 to 2.0 m 3 / (m 2 ·h); the surface hydraulic load of the first purification bed (3) is 0.1 to 1.5m 3 / (m 2 ·d), COD load is 10~200g / (m 2 ·d), NH3-N load is 0.1~10g / (m 2 ·d), TP load is 0.05~2.5g / (m 2 ·d); The surface hydraulic load of the second purification bed (5) is 0.1 to 1.0 m 3 / (m 2 ·d), COD load is 5~100g / (m 2 ·d), NH3-N load is 0.1~5g / (m 2 ·d), TP load is 0.05~1.5g / (m 2 d); The preparation method of the filter material (31) is as follows: first, the cleaned and naturally air-dried filter material raw material is placed in a tubular furnace, nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air to isolate oxygen, and then the temperature is increased at a heating rate of 10°C / min, and then pyrolysis is performed at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C for 2h. After the pyrolysis is completed, it is cooled to room temperature, and then the biological oil and ash remaining on the surface of the pyrolysis product are washed with deionized water, and finally dried in an oven at 105°C.

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