Structural yarn-dyed fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural yarn-dyed fabric and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing hollow nanospheres with rough surfaces in an aqueous solution, and adding alkali liquor for modification to obtain a photon nano pigment; (2) preparing a photon nano pigment solution from a photon nano pigment, a water-based acrylic emulsion, carbon black, tannic acid and water; and (3) dip-dyeing the fabric in the photon nano pigment solution, and then putting the fabric into a drying oven for heat treatment to obtain the structural yarn-dyed fabric. The invention develops a simple and efficient one-step dyeing method by utilizing the characteristics that the photon nano pigment does not need to be assembled and a single ball produces color, the interaction between the photon nano pigment and the fabric is enhanced by introducing a water-based acrylic emulsion adhesive and a hydrogen bond cross-linking agent tannic acid, and the photon nano pigment can be uniformly attached to the surface of the yarn; the prepared structural yarn-dyed fabric has high saturation, good color fastness and softness and excellent air permeability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of the application of structural color materials and textile printing and dyeing structural color generation, and particularly relates to a structural color fabric, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fabric dyeing has always played a crucial role in the textile industry, which reflects the advanced aesthetic needs and cultural expressions of human beings. All commercial colorants are organic dyes and pigments based on the selective absorption of light, and a large amount of wastewater pollution and toxic substances will be generated during the dyeing process. In addition, due to the unstable chemical properties of these chemical colorants under light, they are prone to color change or fading over time. In contrast, structural color results from the interaction of visible light with periodic micro- or nano-structures. Theoretically, as long as the micro- or nano-structures remain intact, the structural color will never fade. Moreover, by simply changing the size and spacing of a set of materials, the structural color can be continuously adjusted across the entire visible light range. Therefore, as a clean and environmentally friendly alternative, the structural color of fabrics has received increasing attention in the textile industry.

[0003] Structural color materials have become an ideal choice for ecological dyeing due to their clean, environmentally friendly and non-fading characteristics. In many cases, researchers use the colloidal nanosphere self-assembly technique to prepare close-packed photonic crystals or amorphous photonic structures as structural colorants. However, in terms of practicality, it is difficult for them to replace dyes and pigments. Photonic crystals and amorphous photonic structures rely on complex and time-consuming self-assembly processes, which limit their commercialization and application scope; and the assembled structures require a large amount of nanosphere loading, which will affect the inherent wearing experience of textiles, such as breathability and softness. Achieving a balance between environmentally friendly dyeing and commercial practicality for fabric coloring with structural color materials remains an urgently needed goal.

[0004] The patent document with the publication number CN113106749B discloses a method for preparing a structural color fabric by coating polystyrene microspheres with tannic acid and dropping them on the fabric surface for self-assembly. However, the above method requires an assembly process of 2-4 hours, and the structural color fabric obtained by drop coating loses breathability and softness, and it is impossible to achieve one-time double-sided coloring. In addition, the patent document with the publication number CN109201438A discloses a method for co-blending and self-assembling monodisperse nano-microspheres, a polymer emulsion with the same charge as the microspheres, and natural melanins such as carbon black or carbon nanotubes or graphene or polydopamine under thermal assistance conditions to prepare an amorphous photonic crystal structure. However, the prepared structural color fabric has problems such as poor color fastness and inability to be prepared on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned disadvantages and deficiencies existing in the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to at least solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. In other words, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a structural color fabric and its preparation method and application that meet one or more of the foregoing requirements.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A preparation method of a structural color fabric, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Dispersing hollow nanospheres with a rough surface in an aqueous solution, and adding an alkali solution for modification to obtain a photon nanometer pigment;

[0009] (2) Formulating the photon nanometer pigment, aqueous acrylic emulsion, carbon black, tannic acid and water into a photon nanometer pigment solution;

[0010] (3) Immersing the fabric in the photon nanometer pigment solution, and then putting it into an oven for heat treatment to obtain a structural color fabric.

[0011] As a preferred solution, in the step (2), the mass fraction of the photon nanometer pigment in the photon nanometer pigment solution is 20-30 wt%, the mass fraction of the aqueous acrylic emulsion is 10-20 wt%, the mass fraction of the carbon black is 0.1-0.5 wt%, and the mass fraction of the tannic acid is 0.1-0.8 wt%.

[0012] As a preferred solution, in the step (3), the immersion time of the fabric is 5-60 s, and the heat treatment temperature of the oven is 50-90 °C.

[0013] As a preferred solution, in the step (1), the alkali solution adjusts the pH of the solution to 10-12.

[0014] As a preferred solution, in the step (1), the alkali solution is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia water or ammonium bicarbonate solution.

[0015] As a preferred solution, in the step (1), the hollow nanospheres are hollow silica, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide, cerium dioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide or zinc sulfide.

[0016] As a preferred solution, in the step (1), after adding the alkali solution, stirring and modification are carried out at 80-95 °C.

[0017] As a preferred solution, the fabric substrate is cotton, polyester, polyester-cotton, polyester-ammonia, wool-polyester, polyester-viscose or polyester-cotton-nylon.

[0018] The present invention also provides a structural color fabric prepared by the preparation method described in any one of the above solutions, and the structural color fabric has a double-sided structural color.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] (1) The photonic nano-pigment of the present invention is composed of hollow nano-spheres with a rough surface, which can generate non-iridescent structural colors alone without self-assembly, and can be evenly dispersed in water after modification; through a one-step dipping strategy, the photonic nano-pigment can quickly and evenly adhere to the surface of fabric yarns, achieving high-quality double-sided structural coloring; at the same time, by means of aqueous acrylic emulsion WA and tannic acid TA, a hydrogen bond cross-linking network is constructed between the fabric and the nano-spheres, greatly improving the color fastness. In addition, since the nano-scale pigment does not clog the weaving pores of the fabric, the fabric still has good softness and air permeability;

[0021] (2) The photonic nano-pigment of the present invention provides a new idea for the large-scale preparation of structural color fabrics. Each photonic nano-pigment is an independent coloring unit, and no assembly process is required at all. The one-step dipping, a simple and efficient structural dyeing strategy, has great commercial value. It combines the simplicity, versatility and scalability of traditional chemical pigment dyeing processes, and at the same time realizes environmental protection dyeing; the nano-scale colorants bring excellent wearing experiences to structural color fabrics, such as air permeability, softness, angle independence and excellent covering property, and its dyeing effect is close to that of traditional pigments, and is very similar to the dyeing effects of dyes and pigments;

[0022] (3) The success of using the photonic nano-pigment for the dyeing strategy in the present invention is a major progress in the field of ecological dyeing. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the structural color fabric in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Among them, a is a schematic diagram of surface modification for enhancing the long-range electrostatic repulsion between nano-spheres; b is a comparison of the aqueous solutions of orange photonic nano-pigments before and after modification (A: before modification, B: after modification, 0.05 g / ml); c is the particle size distribution of unmodified and modified H-SiO 2 nano-spheres; d is the zeta potential of unmodified and modified H-SiO 2 nano-spheres;

[0025] Figure 3 is an adhesion enhancement diagram, showing the network structure formed among TA, WA and the photonic nano-pigment.

[0026] Figure 4Among them, a is structural color fabrics of six different colors obtained by a one-step dyeing method; b and c are the corresponding reflection spectra of the front and back of the structural color fabric respectively; d are digital photos of green, blue, and magenta fabrics at different angles; e, f, and g are three-dimensional mapping projection diagrams of the angle-independent reflection spectra of green, blue, and magenta samples respectively.

[0027] Figure 5 Among them, a, b, and c are SEM images of white cotton fabric, structural color fabric attached with H-SiO 2 photon nanometer pigment, and H-SiO2 / WA-TA structural color fabric bonded by WA-TA respectively.

[0028] Figure 6 Among them, a and c are digital photos and reflection spectrum changes of H-SiO 2 / WA / cotton fabrics with different WA contents before and after friction respectively; b and d are digital photos and reflection spectrum changes of H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton before and after laundry respectively.

[0029] Figure 7 Among them, a and b are digital photos of H-SiO 2 / cotton fabric and H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton fabric after durability tests respectively, including 2-hour water immersion, 50 times of brushing, 45-minute laundry, and 30-minute ultrasonic treatment; c is the reflection spectrum change of the sample after the durability tests in a and b; d is a digital photo of H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton fabric showing softness; e is a schematic diagram of a continuous roller spinning process, including dye solution impregnation, heat drying, and fabric collection; f is a digital photo of the structural color fabric prepared by the method in e.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a photo showing the air permeability effect of the structural color fabric prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 Among them, a and b are digital photos and reflection spectra of the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 respectively; c and d are digital photos and reflection spectra of the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after friction respectively.

[0032] Figure 10 Among them, a and b are digital photos and reflection spectra of the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 respectively; c and d are digital photos and reflection spectra of the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 after friction respectively.

[0033] Figure 11Among them, a and b are digital photos of the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 respectively; c is the reflection spectrum corresponding to the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3.

[0034] Figure 12 Among them, a and b are the particle size distribution and zeta potential of the H-SiO 2 nanospheres modified in Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 respectively; c and d are the digital photos and reflection spectra of the structural color fabrics prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 4.

[0035] Figure 13 Among them, a, b, c, and d are digital photos of polyester, spandex, silk, and linen respectively; e, f, g, and h are optical microscope images of polyester, spandex, silk, and linen respectively, showing the surface roughness and weaving structure of different fabrics; i, j, k, and l are photos of the structural color fabrics after coloring of polyester, spandex, silk, and linen respectively. Detailed Embodiments

[0036] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further explained and illustrated below through specific examples.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, the preparation method of the structural color fabric in this example includes the following processes:

[0039] (1) Using monodisperse polystyrene microspheres PS with a size of 180 - 630 nm as the core, and coating a layer of silica shell on the surface of the microspheres to obtain core-shell microspheres PS@SiO 2 ; subjecting the core-shell microspheres to alkali etching to create pores in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.2 g / mL to obtain porous core-shell colloidal microspheres PS@E-SiO 2 ; controlling the etching time to 30 min to make the pore size in the mesoporous range; finally, grinding the dried porous core-shell colloidal microspheres into powder in a mortar, then loading them into a porcelain boat and transferring them to a muffle furnace for calcination at a heating rate of 3 °C / min and calcining at 450 °C for 3 h to remove the organic polymer, and preparing hollow silica H-SiO 2 nanospheres with a rough surface. The specific preparation process of the above-mentioned hollow silica nanospheres with a rough surface belongs to the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0040] (2) Dispersing 1 g of H-SiO 2 nanospheres in 45 mL of deionized water, and then adding ammonia water NH 3 ·H 2The pH value can be adjusted to 12; after ultrasonic treatment for uniform dispersion, the mixture is stirred at 95 °C for 10 h; subsequently, the product is washed by centrifugation three times, and finally the photon nanometer pigment is obtained;

[0041] Figure 2 a is a schematic diagram of surface modification used to enhance the long-range electrostatic repulsion between nanospheres in this example, Figure 2 b is a comparison of the aqueous solutions of orange photon nanometer pigments before and after modification. It is observed that the unmodified nanospheres completely settle to the bottom, while the modified nanospheres still maintain good dispersibility; Figure 2 c and 2d are the particle size distributions and zeta potentials of unmodified and modified H-SiO 2 nanospheres in this example. After modification, the zeta potential of H-SiO 2 nanospheres changes from -12.25 mV to -34.76 mV, while the corresponding polydispersity index PDI decreases from 0.418 to 0.096; this indicates that the modified H-SiO 2 nanospheres have good dispersibility.

[0042] (3) 1 g of photon nanometer pigment is dispersed in 1.5 mL of deionized water, and then 0.15 g of aqueous acrylic emulsion WA, 0.004 g of tannic acid TA, and 0.008 g of carbon black are added. After ultrasonic homogenization, a photon nanometer pigment dispersion is obtained; among them, the glass transition temperature of the aqueous acrylic emulsion is -10 °C;

[0043] (4) The cotton fabric is completely immersed in the photon nanometer pigment dispersion, gently stirred to ensure sufficient wetting, and the impregnation time is 20 s. Then, the fabric is dried in an oven at 60 °C. After cooling to room temperature, a structural color fabric with saturated colors on both sides is finally obtained.

[0044] Among them, during the drying process, the aqueous acrylic emulsion WA will be heated above the glass transition temperature to melt and fill the gaps between the nanometer pigment and the yarn; as the temperature decreases, the curing of WA firmly bonds the nanometer pigment to the cotton fabric, thus providing the main color fastness; under the synergistic effect, TA acts as a key intermediate molecule, forming a cross-linked network with other components, further improving the structural color stability. Figure 3 is an illustration of enhanced adhesion in this example. Specifically, TA uses abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups to form dense hydrogen bond cross-linking points with the carboxyl groups of WA and the oxygen anions on the surface of modified H-SiO 2 nanospheres, and at the same time, TA undergoes self-condensation to achieve the effect of improving the structural color stability.

[0045] This example uses H-SiO with particle sizes of 266 nm, 310 nm, 343 nm, 370 nm, 423 nm, and 473 nm 2Dyeing and coloring of cotton fabrics with photon nanomaterials. Figure 4 a shows six structural color fabrics with different colors obtained by one-step dyeing method, and structural color fabrics of magenta, purple, blue, cyan, green and orange are prepared respectively. Figure 4 b Figure 4 c shows the corresponding reflection spectra of the front and back of the structural color fabric in this example. Uniform colors are presented on both sides without obvious color difference. Figure 4 d shows digital photos of green, blue and magenta fabrics at different angles in this example. Observe their colors at different viewing angles (0°, 30°, 60°) in turn, and there is no significant color change. Figure 4 e - 4g show three-dimensional mapping projection diagrams of the angle-independent reflection spectra of green, blue and magenta samples respectively, and there is no obvious change in the reflection peak.

[0046] Figure 5 a shows the scanning electron microscope image of the white cotton fabric in this example. It is observed that the cotton fabric is woven by specific warp and weft, resulting in a hierarchical porous structure, large cracks between yarns, and the fabric surface is an unordered and irregularly curled structure. Figure 5 b shows the structural color fabric with attached H-SiO 2 photon nanomaterials. It can be seen that these nanospheres are randomly distributed on the surface of the yarns and effectively fill the gaps between cotton fibers under the drive of capillary action. Figure 5 c shows the scanning electron microscope image of the H-SiO 2 / WA-TA structural color fabric bonded by WA-TA. After introducing WA-TA, it is found that the photon nanomaterials and adhesives do not cover the weaving holes between the yarns. The results show that the one-step dyeing method can achieve precise local coloring of photon nanomaterials on the fabric, which is crucial for maintaining the air permeability and softness of the structural color fabric.

[0047] Figure 6 a Figure 6 c show the digital photos and reflection spectrum changes of H-SiO 2 / WA / cotton fabrics with different WA contents before and after friction. Dispersions containing only photon nanomaterials and different concentrations (0 - 25 wt%) of WA are prepared, and then structural color fabrics are prepared using the dyeing method. As the WA concentration increases, the structural color of the fabric gradually changes from bright green to a deeper tone. When the WA concentration reaches 25 wt%, the fabric almost turns black and the reflection peak almost disappears. Figure 6 b Figure 6 d show H-SiO 2Digital photos and reflectance spectra of / WA-TA / cotton before and after laundering were used to conduct more rigorous washing tests on structural color fabrics with different TA contents (0 wt% - 0.8 wt%). After washing for 45 minutes in 40 °C water with 0.3 vol% liquid detergent, significant shedding of the photonic nano-pigments was observed both at the periphery and in the central region of the fabric without TA. In contrast, the addition of only 0.2 wt% of TA significantly inhibited the shedding of the photonic nano-pigments. When the TA content increased to 0.4 wt% or higher, the structural color in the periphery and central region of the fabric remained almost unchanged, and the corresponding reflectance spectral changes after washing also confirmed the above results.

[0048] Durability tests were conducted on the prepared structural color fabrics. Figure 7 a, Figure 7 b and Figure 7 c are the digital photos and reflectance spectra of the H-SiO 2 / cotton fabric and the H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton fabric after durability tests, including 2-hour water immersion, 50 brushings, 45-minute laundering, and 30-minute ultrasonic treatment. The structural color and reflectance spectra of both fabrics did not change significantly after mild water immersion; after brushing, the photonic nano-pigments on the H-SiO 2 / cotton fabric significantly shed, resulting in a broadened reflection peak, reduced intensity, and degradation of the structural color; after the washing test, the structural color on the H-SiO 2 / cotton fabric completely faded, revealing the original white fabric; after ultrasonic treatment, the H-SiO 2 / cotton fabric completely exposed the white substrate. However, the structural color and the corresponding reflectance spectra of the H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton fabric remained intact after these tests. It shows that the prepared structural color fabric has strong color fastness. Figure 7 d is the digital photo of the H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton fabric showing softness. After being kneaded and unfolded repeatedly 20 times, the H-SiO 2 / WA-TA / cotton fabric can still return to its original state. Figure 7 e and Figure 7 f are the schematic diagram of the continuous roll-spinning process and the digital photo of the prepared structural color fabric, including dye solution impregnation, thermal drying, and fabric collection. The industrial dyeing potential of photonic nano-pigments in double-sided structural color fabrics was successfully demonstrated through the continuous roll-spinning process.

[0049] Air permeability tests were conducted on the prepared structural color fabrics. Figure 8 This is the display of the air permeability effect of the prepared structural color fabric. When H-SiO 2When the / WA-TA / cotton fabric is placed between hot water and a dry glass slide, water vapor immediately passes through the sample and then condenses on the glass, indicating excellent breathability of the fabric.

[0050] Comparative Example 1:

[0051] The difference between the preparation method of the structural color fabric in this comparative example and that of Example 1 lies in:

[0052] Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS is used instead of the binder WA in Example 1 and dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1;

[0053] Figure 9 In, a and b are the digital photos and reflection spectra of two structural color fabrics prepared with WA and PDMS as binders respectively. By comparison, it can be seen that when the binder is replaced with PDMS, the color of the structural color fabric is darker, the characteristic peak becomes wider and the peak value decreases; Figure 9 In, c and d are the digital photos and reflection spectra of the two structural color fabrics after 20 times of rubbing respectively. When the binder is replaced with PDMS, its color fastness is far less than that of the structural color fabric prepared with WA as the binder. After rubbing, the color of the fabric becomes significantly lighter, and the reflection peak further decreases, while the color of the structural color fabric prepared with WA as the binder does not change at all. The reason for this significant difference is that the carboxyl group contained in WA can form dense hydrogen bond cross-linking points with the abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups of TA, further improving the color fastness of the structural color fabric; while PDMS itself does not have groups that can effectively form hydrogen bonds with phenolic hydroxyl groups and cannot provide sufficient force to ensure the structural color fastness of the fabric when dealing with external friction.

[0054] Comparative Example 2:

[0055] The difference between the preparation method of the structural color fabric in this comparative example and that of Example 1 lies in:

[0056] PDMS modified with 2-formylphenylboronic acid (PBA) (PDMS-PBA) is used instead of the binder WA in Example 1 and dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0057] The specific modification method is as follows: Dissolve 0.04 g of PBA and 10 g of PDMS in 120 mL of tetrahydrofuran and stir overnight; then, slowly add 0.02 g of sodium borohydride under vigorous stirring and continue stirring for 2 hours. Finally, remove the solvent by distillation to obtain PDMS-PBA;

[0058] Figure 10In it, a and b are respectively the digital photos and reflection spectra of two kinds of structural color fabrics prepared with WA and PDMS-PBA as adhesives. By comparison, it can be seen that when the adhesive is replaced with PDMS-PBA, the color of the structural color fabric becomes significantly darker, the characteristic peak becomes wider and the peak value is very low; Figure 10 In it, c and d are respectively the digital photos and reflection spectra of two kinds of structural color fabrics after 20 times of friction. For the structural color fabric prepared with PDMS-PBA as the adhesive, its color and spectrum do not change significantly after friction. Similarly, for the structural color fabric prepared with WA as the adhesive, its color and spectrum also do not change at all. However, the color of the structural color fabric prepared with PDMS-PBA as the adhesive is not bright enough, far less than that of the structural color fabric prepared with WA as the adhesive. The reason for this significant difference is that the introduction of PBA destroys the relatively regular molecular arrangement of PDMS, thereby causing a significant change in the refractive index of PDMS, affecting the chromogenic performance of the photon nanometer pigment and resulting in a dull color.

[0059] Comparative Example 3:

[0060] The difference between the preparation method of the structural color fabric in this comparative example and that in Example 1 lies in:

[0061] The prepared H-SiO 2 nanospheres are directly formulated into a photon nanometer pigment solution with WA, carbon black, TA and water without going through the modification step with alkali solution, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Figure 11 In it, a and b are respectively the digital photos of the structural color fabrics dyed with the photon nanometer solutions formulated with modified and unmodified H-SiO 2 nanospheres. By comparison, it can be seen that the structural color fabric dyed with the photon nanometer solution formulated with modified H-SiO 2 nanospheres has a bright and uniform color, while the structural color fabric dyed with the photon nanometer solution formulated with unmodified H-SiO 2 nanospheres has a significantly poor color uniformity, and local accumulation of photon nanometer pigments can be clearly seen on the fabric surface. Figure 11 In it, c is the reflection spectrum corresponding to the two structural fabrics. The reflection spectrum characteristic peak of the structural color fabric prepared with modified H-SiO 2 nanospheres is narrower and the peak intensity is higher; due to the color difference, the corresponding characteristic peak of the structural color fabric obtained without modification is wider and the peak intensity is also lower. The reason for this significant difference is that the unmodified H-SiO 2The dispersibility of the nanospheres in aqueous solution is very poor, and they are very prone to aggregation and precipitation. When the fabric is dyed in the solution, the aggregated photon nanomaterials accumulate locally on the fabric surface, resulting in uneven color; after modification, H-SiO 2 The dispersibility of the nanospheres in aqueous solution is significantly improved. After the fabric is dyed, the photon nanomaterials are evenly distributed on the fabric surface, and the color is uniform.

[0063] Comparative Example 4:

[0064] The difference between the preparation method of the structural color fabric in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that:

[0065] 1 g of H-SiO 2 nanospheres prepared were dispersed in 45 mL of deionized water, and no alkali solution was added to adjust the pH of the solution. After ultrasonic treatment for uniform dispersion, the mixture was stirred at 95 °C for 10 h; subsequently, the product was washed by centrifugation three times, and finally the photon nanomaterials were obtained; other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Figure 12 a and b are the particle size distribution and zeta potential comparison diagrams of H-SiO 2 nanospheres modified with and without adding alkali solution, respectively. Compared with the H-SiO 2 nanospheres modified with alkali solution, the zeta potential of the H-SiO 2 nanospheres directly modified in aqueous solution without adding alkali solution changed from -34.76 mV to -21.13 mV, while the corresponding polydispersity index PDI increased from 0.096 to 0.201; this indicates that the dispersibility of the H-SiO 2 nanospheres modified without adding alkali solution to adjust the pH of the solution becomes worse. Figure 12 c and d are the digital photos and reflection spectra of the structural color fabric obtained by impregnating the H-SiO 2 nanospheres modified with and without adding alkali solution to prepare a photon nanomaterial solution. By comparison, it can be seen that the color uniformity of the structural color fabric finally obtained by modification with alkali solution is improved.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] The difference between the structural color fabric in this example and that in Example 1 is that:

[0069] Polyester, spandex, silk and linen were used instead of the cotton fabric in Example 1 for coloring the fabric, and other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Figure 13 a-d are the digital photos of polyester, spandex, silk and linen, Figure 13e - h are optical microscope images of polyester, spandex, silk, and linen, respectively. Different rough surfaces and weaving structures are observed for them. Figure 13 i - l are photos of the structural color fabrics after coloring polyester, spandex, silk, and linen, respectively. It is observed that the photon nanometer pigments can adhere well to various fibers, presenting bright and uniform structural colors on both sides of these fabrics, indicating that the photon nanometer pigments provide excellent coverage on various fabrics and are not restricted by fabric materials or surface characteristics during the dyeing process.

[0071] Example 3:

[0072] The structural color fabric of this example is different from that of Example 1 in that:

[0073] Hollow nanospheres with rough surfaces made of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide, cerium dioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, and zinc sulfide nanospheres are used instead of the rough - surfaced hollow SiO 2 nanospheres in Example 1 as photon nanometer pigments for fabric coloring, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Example 4:

[0075] The structural color fabric of this example is different from that of Example 1 in that:

[0076] Solutions of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium bicarbonate are used instead of the ammonia water solution in Example 1 as the alkali solution to modify the photon nanometer pigments, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0077] The breathable and durable structural color fabric prepared in the above embodiments of the present invention can be applied to green printing and dyeing, and smart fabrics.

[0078] The present invention uses rough - surfaced hollow nanospheres as structural color materials, and modifies the nanospheres with an alkali solution to obtain photon nanometer pigments. Utilizing the characteristics of the photon nanometer pigments that do not require assembly and can generate color by single spheres, a simple and efficient one - step dyeing strategy is developed to prepare double - sided structural color fabrics, which have high saturation, good color fastness, inherent softness, and excellent breathability. This simple dyeing mechanism can widely adapt to fabrics with different surface roughnesses and weaving structures, and has great potential for large - scale dyeing. This dyeing strategy opens up a practical way for industrial fabric dyeing using nanoscale structural color units.

[0079] Given that there are numerous embodiments in the present invention's solution, the raw materials and their dosages involved can be selected according to actual needs within the limited range. The experimental data of each embodiment is huge and numerous, and it is not suitable to list them one by one here. However, the contents to be verified and the final conclusions obtained in each embodiment are similar. Therefore, the verification contents of each embodiment are not described one by one here.

[0080] The above description only details the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea provided by the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners, and these changes should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a structural color fabric, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Dispersing the rough-surfaced hollow nanospheres in an aqueous solution, and adding an alkali solution to modify the nanospheres to obtain photonic nanopigments; (2) preparing a photon nano pigment solution by mixing a photon nano pigment, an aqueous acrylic emulsion, carbon black, tannic acid and water; (3) The fabric is immersed in the photonic nano-pigment solution and then placed in an oven for heat treatment to obtain a structural color fabric.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass fraction of the photon nano pigment in the photon nano pigment solution is 20-30wt%, the mass fraction of the aqueous acrylic emulsion is 10-20wt%, the mass fraction of carbon black is 0.1-0.5wt%, the mass fraction of tannic acid is 0.1-0.8wt%, and the rest is water.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the fabric dyeing time is 5 to 60 seconds, and the heat treatment temperature of the oven is 50 to 90°C.

4. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that In the step (1), the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 10-12 by using alkaline solution.

5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step (1), the alkali solution is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia water or ammonium bicarbonate solution.

6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step (1), the hollow nanospheres are hollow silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide, cerium dioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide or zinc sulfide.

7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step (1), after adding the alkali solution, the mixture is stirred and modified at 80 to 95°C.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fabric base material is cotton, polyester, polyester-cotton, polyester-spandex, wool-polyester, polyester-viscose or polyester-cotton-nylon.

9. The structural color fabric obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The structural color fabric has double-sided structural colors.

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