Concrete grid-based bank slope protection system for drawdown zone and construction method

Abstract

The application provides a concrete grid-based bank slope protection system for a drawdown zone, comprising a plurality of slope protection frame bodies arranged on a slope body, a plurality of first grid slots arranged in each slope protection frame body, a top of the first grid slot being lower than a top of the slope protection frame body, a filling brick arranged in each first grid slot, the filling brick comprising a pre-cast ecological concrete layer, and a U-shaped bracket arranged at a bottom end of a grid skeleton, a cast-in-situ ecological concrete layer being arranged above the filling brick in each slope protection frame body, thereby solving the problems of high labor intensity and complexity in artificial planting and maintenance of slope protection plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of reservoir ecological management, and in particular to a reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system and construction method based on concrete grids. Background Technology

[0002] The drawdown zone, also known as the drawdown area, is a phenomenon unique to reservoirs. It refers to the area of ​​the reservoir that is periodically submerged and exposed due to the seasonal rise and fall of the water level. The submersion period can last up to six months, typically occurring in winter. Because ordinary vegetation cannot withstand prolonged submersion or drought, slope vegetation easily dies, leading to large areas of the drawdown zone being exposed for extended periods. Under the long-term erosion action of wind and water flow, the soil is washed away, increasing the risk of geological disasters and siltation. If the drawdown zone is not ecologically restored and managed in a timely manner, it will lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems.

[0003] To address the issue of soil erosion on riverbanks and reservoir slopes in drawdown zones, corresponding ecological slope protection engineering measures have been proposed. For example, different types of plants, tolerant of flooding and drought, are planted at different heights on the reservoir slope to resist cyclical environmental changes. However, the large variety of plant species required makes construction more complex, and the need for replanting after plant death increases the difficulty and cost of artificial planting and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system and construction method based on concrete grids, which solves the problems of high labor intensity and complexity in manually planting and maintaining slope protection vegetation.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grid, including multiple slope protection frames set on the slope, each slope protection frame having multiple first grid slots, the top height of the first grid slots being lower than the top height of the slope protection frame, each first grid slot having filling bricks, the filling bricks including a precast ecological concrete layer, a U-shaped lifting frame at the bottom of the grid frame, and a cast-in-place ecological concrete layer covering the filling bricks in each slope protection frame.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, the filling bricks include a perforated grid frame, a pre-cast ecological concrete layer wrapped around the outside of the grid frame, and upward-pointing hooks at both ends of the U-shaped lifting frame.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom end of the grid frame is provided with a sinking groove, the U-shaped lifting frame is embedded in the sinking groove, the bottom edge of the grid frame is provided with multiple lifting feet, and both ends of the grid frame are also provided with side ears, and the side ears are provided with anti-rotation grooves aligned with the sinking groove.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, multiple parallel trenches are provided on the slope, and reserved plates are provided at both ends of the trenches.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, a limiting baffle is provided between the two reserved plates, and an auxiliary frame for the slurry outlet pipe is also provided. The auxiliary frame for the slurry outlet pipe is provided with a moving trolley at both ends. The lower end of the moving trolley is locked in the trench and moves. A movable translation platform is provided on the auxiliary frame for the slurry outlet pipe. The slurry outlet pipe is fixed on the translation platform. The lower end of the slurry outlet pipe faces the slope surface of the slope. Multiple storage tanks are also provided. The storage tanks are connected to the slurry outlet pipe through pipelines. A pipeline switching valve is connected to the pipeline between the storage tanks and the slurry outlet pipe.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame is provided with a transverse guide rail, and guide wheel slots are provided on both sides of the transverse guide rail. One end of the translation platform is provided with a pipe clamp device for fitting the slurry outlet pipe. The other end of the translation platform is provided with multiple first abutting wheels and second abutting wheels. The rotation axes of the first abutting wheels and the second abutting wheels are perpendicular. The first abutting wheels abut against the transverse guide rail, and the second abutting wheels abut against the guide wheel slots.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, a limit baffle is connected to the reserved plate of the trench, the moving trolley includes a bottom base block, the bottom base block is provided with multiple rotatable stepped wheels, the stepped wheels roll between the bottom surface of the trench and the limit baffle, and the upper end of the bottom base block is provided with a height-adjustable sleeve block, the sleeve block is connected to the end of the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the bottom base block is provided with an outer sleeve, and a slidable telescopic inner rod is sleeved inside the outer sleeve. The telescopic inner rod and the outer sleeve are provided with multiple through adjustment holes. The sleeve block is slidably sleeved with the upper end of the telescopic inner rod. A first pin bolt and a second pin bolt are also provided. The first pin bolt passes through the adjustment holes of the outer sleeve and the telescopic inner rod, and the second pin bolt passes through the sleeve block to sleeve with the adjustment hole of the telescopic inner rod.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, a clamping brake plate is provided on both outer sides of the bottom base block, a guide rod is provided on one side of the clamping brake plate, and a groove is provided in the center of the bottom base block. The guide rod is slidably connected to the side wall of the groove. The side wall of the groove is also provided with a top sleeve that is slidably connected. A drive screw is provided inside the groove. The two ends of the drive screw are threadedly connected to the top sleeve respectively. The threads at the two ends of the drive screw have opposite directions. Rotating the drive screw causes each top sleeve to push the clamping brake plate to clamp the inner wall of the groove.

[0014] The preferred solution includes the following construction method:

[0015] Long-lasting fertilizer is mixed into eco-friendly concrete;

[0016] Assemble the grid frame and U-shaped lifting frame together and place them in the second grid groove of the mold frame. Pour ecological concrete into the second grid groove up to the end of the return bend near the lifting hook.

[0017] Waiting for the eco-concrete to solidify and be used to make infill bricks;

[0018] The filling bricks were demolded and transported to the reservoir bank site.

[0019] Different plant seeds are mixed into different storage tanks, and mobile vehicles carry the storage tanks to the reservoir site.

[0020] Install limit baffles and a moving trolley in the trench and set up an auxiliary frame for the slurry outlet pipe;

[0021] The discharge pipe is installed on the pipe clamp device of the translation stage, and the storage tank and the discharge pipe are connected by the pipeline system. The pipeline system is equipped with a pipeline switching valve and a metering pump.

[0022] Move the translation platform and spray ecological concrete into the high-position slope protection frame, then spread it evenly.

[0023] Switch the storage tank, move the trolley to the next lower height position, and move the translation table for spraying.

[0024] Repeat the construction process at different heights until all slope protection frames have been sprayed.

[0025] Remove the limiting baffle and move the slurry pipe auxiliary frame and mobile trolley to a position below the reservoir bank for construction.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: replacing traditional manual soil covering with sprayed concrete reduces labor intensity; mixing long-acting fertilizer into ecological concrete and prefabricating it into brick structures facilitates storage; different types of plant seeds are mixed into the ecological concrete and sprayed onto the top layer of filling bricks at different heights on the construction site, which increases the timeliness of the prefabricated ecological bricks and fixes them to prevent them from falling off due to water flow impact; spraying different types of seeds at different heights reduces the complexity of manual operation; using a slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame to replace remote spraying of ecological concrete ensures uniform surface concrete, improves aesthetics, and prevents seeds from being buried too deep, affecting the germination rate. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the grid frame and U-shaped lifting frame.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the bottom view of the mesh skeleton.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the filling brick casting process.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the filling brick casting.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the filling bricks being cast.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the on-site filling of bricks.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame system.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a cast-in-place ecological concrete layer.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the cast-in-place ecological concrete layer.

[0037] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating the replanting of plants.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a magnified view of the moving cart.

[0039] Figure 12 This is an enlarged view of the translation stage.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of the mobile trolley.

[0041] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the base block at the bottom of the mobile trolley.

[0042] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the shade net support frame arrangement.

[0043] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of shading netting laid on a slope.

[0044] Figure 17 This is an enlarged view of the support frame.

[0045] Figure 18 This is a sectional view of the support frame.

[0046] Figure 19 This is a structural diagram of the support frame.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Slope body; 2. Slope protection frame; 201. First grid groove; 202. Cast-in-place ecological concrete layer; 3. Filling bricks; 301. Grid frame; 302. U-shaped lifting frame; 303. Lifting hook; 304. Side ear; 305. Anti-rotation groove; 306. Sinking groove; 307. Lifting foot; 308. Precast ecological concrete layer; 4. Mold frame; 401. Second grid groove; 5. Trench; 501. Reserved plate; 502. Limiting baffle; 6. Support frame; 601. Fixing clamp assembly; 602. Connecting rod; 603. Insertion hole; 604. U-shaped limiting clip; 605. Lifting part; 606. U-shaped bending part; 607. Movable pressure plate; 608. Guide rod; 609. Tightening screw; 7. Shading net. ; Connecting collar 701; Moving trolley 8; Bottom base block 801; Stepped wheel 802; Outer sleeve 803; Telescopic inner rod 804; Sleeve block 805; Adjustment hole 806; Tightening brake plate 807; First pin bolt 808; Second pin bolt 809; Settling tank 810; Guide rod 811; Top sleeve 812; Drive screw 813; Rotary handle 814; Baffle 815; Return spring 816; Translation platform 9; Pipe clamp device 901; First abutting wheel 902; Second abutting wheel 903; Slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame 10; Transverse guide rail 1001; Guide wheel slot 1002; Slurry outlet pipe 11; Storage tank 12; Pipeline switching valve 13. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] like Figure 1-19 In this paper, a reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grid includes multiple slope protection frames 2 set on a slope 1. Each slope protection frame 2 is provided with multiple first grid grooves 201. The top height of the first grid grooves 201 is lower than the top height of the slope protection frame 2. Each first grid groove 201 is provided with filling bricks 3. The filling bricks 3 include a precast ecological concrete layer 308. The bottom end of the grid frame 301 is provided with a U-shaped lifting frame 302. The filling bricks 3 in each slope protection frame 2 are covered with a cast-in-place ecological concrete layer 202.

[0050] The slope protection frame 2 is a large-sized grid structure with a small-sized grid structure inside.

[0051] A mold frame 4 is also provided, which includes multiple second grid grooves 401. The shape and size of the second grid grooves 401 are completely consistent with those of the first grid grooves 201. After assembling the U-shaped lifting frame 302 and the grid skeleton 301, they are placed into the second grid grooves 401. Ecological concrete mixed with long-lasting fertilizer is poured in, and after solidification, it is made into filling bricks 3. Then, the filling bricks 3 are laid into the first grid grooves 201.

[0052] Since the filling bricks 3 are made uniformly, there may be a long time between the time the filling bricks 3 are made and the time of on-site construction. If the seeds are embedded in the filling bricks 3 in advance, the seeds may germinate prematurely and die before the on-site construction can be carried out.

[0053] Therefore, during on-site construction, different plant seeds are mixed into the ecological concrete and classified separately. After being transported to the site, they are laid and covered in the slope protection frame 2 at different heights of the drawdown zone. For example, flood-tolerant plants are planted at the lower part of the slope, and drought-tolerant plants are planted at the higher part of the slope. The ecological concrete is then smoothed to match the top height of the U-shaped lifting frame 302.

[0054] After solidification, from a depth perspective, the seeds are on the surface of the ecological concrete, while the long-lasting fertilizer is at the bottom layer of the ecological concrete, preventing the seeds from being too deep and thus making germination difficult.

[0055] In the preferred embodiment, the filling brick 3 includes a perforated grid frame 301, a pre-cast ecological concrete layer 308 wrapped around the outside of the grid frame 301, and U-shaped lifting frame 302 with upward-pointing lifting hooks 303 at both ends.

[0056] The lifting hook 303 allows for easy lifting of the filler brick 3 by hand.

[0057] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom end of the mesh frame 301 is provided with a sinking groove 306, the U-shaped lifting frame 302 is embedded in the sinking groove 306, the bottom edge of the mesh frame 301 is provided with multiple lifting feet 307, and the two ends of the mesh frame 301 are also provided with side ears 304, and the side ears 304 are provided with anti-rotation grooves 305 aligned with the sinking groove 306.

[0058] The 301 mesh skeleton can be made of engineering plastics.

[0059] The lifting foot 307 can raise the height of the grid frame 301, allowing concrete to flow into the hollow layer below the grid frame 301, completely enclosing the grid frame 301 and the lower end of the U-shaped lifting frame 302. The U-shaped lifting frame 302 is inserted into the sinking groove 306 to prevent it from protruding from the bottom surface of the grid frame 301 and to prevent the grid frame 301 from tilting when it is placed into the second grid groove 401.

[0060] The anti-rotation groove 305 can hold the U-shaped lifting frame 302 at the joint section of the lifting hook 303, preventing the U-shaped lifting frame 302 from swinging and ensuring that the lifting hook 303 is in an upward position during pouring.

[0061] In the preferred embodiment, the slope 1 is provided with multiple parallel trenches 5, and the two ends of the trenches 5 are provided with reserved plates 501.

[0062] The conventional method of spraying concrete involves using a mobile vehicle equipped with a concrete storage pipe (spraying nozzle) to move along the embankment and spray concrete onto the slope. This method is fast, but the sprayed concrete layer is uneven in thickness and aesthetically unappealing, making it suitable for areas with less demanding slope requirements. However, in reservoir drawdown zones, due to periodic exposure to sunlight and immersion, thinner areas of concrete are prone to crumbling, leading to soil erosion. Furthermore, if plant seeds are mixed in, those buried deeper in thicker areas may struggle to germinate, affecting the overall soil protection effect of the drawdown zone.

[0063] In the preferred embodiment, a limiting baffle 502 is provided between the two reserved plates 501, and an auxiliary frame 10 for the slurry outlet pipe is also provided. The auxiliary frame 10 for the slurry outlet pipe is provided with a moving trolley 8 at both ends. The lower end of the moving trolley 8 is locked in the trench 5 and moves. A movable translation platform 9 is provided on the auxiliary frame 10 for the slurry outlet pipe. The slurry outlet pipe 11 is fixed on the translation platform 9. The lower end of the slurry outlet pipe 11 faces the slope surface of the slope 1. Multiple storage tanks 12 are also provided. The storage tanks 12 are connected to the slurry outlet pipe 11 through pipelines. A pipeline switching valve 13 is connected to the pipeline between the storage tanks 12 and the slurry outlet pipe 11.

[0064] Storage tank 12 is used to store eco-concrete, and different storage tanks 12 contain different plant seeds mixed in with the eco-concrete. Pipeline switching valve 13 is used to switch the storage tank 12 connected to the slurry outlet pipe 11.

[0065] The mobile trolley 8 lifts both ends of the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame 10. The translation platform 9 can move the slurry outlet pipe 11 horizontally along the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame 10 at the same horizontal height. When the slurry outlet pipe 11 is at a high position on the slope, the slurry pipe switching valve 13 switches to connect to the storage tank 12 containing drought-resistant seeds. The ecological concrete is sprayed into the high-level slope protection frame 2 by a metering pump, covering the filling bricks 3 in each first grid groove 201. The concrete is then manually spread into a thin cast-in-place ecological concrete layer 202.

[0066] The horizontal movement of the translation platform 9 causes the grout outlet pipe 11 to move, ensuring that the entire interior of the slope protection frame 2 at the same height line is sprayed. Subsequently, the moving trolleys 8 at both ends are moved to the next lower position, the storage tank 12 is switched, and the construction is repeated until the ecological concrete covers the interior of all the bottom filling bricks 3.

[0067] The cast-in-place ecological concrete layer 202 covering the filling bricks 3 can also prevent the filling bricks 3 from being washed out of the first grid groove 201 due to the impact of water flow and waves.

[0068] When the plants in the drawdown zone die, the thin layer of concrete covering the filler brick 3 can be removed, and new ecological concrete mixed with the new seed can be applied and smoothed. If the plants die a long time after the initial sowing and the fertility has deteriorated, after removing the surface layer, the filler brick 3 can be lifted using the hook 303, replaced with a new filler brick 3, and then covered with ecological concrete mixed with the new seed and smoothed to ensure successful germination of the new seed.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame 10 is provided with a transverse guide rail 1001, and guide wheel slots 1002 are provided on both sides of the transverse guide rail 1001. One end of the translation platform 9 is provided with a pipe clamp device 901, which is used to connect the slurry outlet pipe 11. The other end of the translation platform 9 is provided with a plurality of first abutting wheels 902 and second abutting wheels 903. The rotation axes of the first abutting wheels 902 and the second abutting wheels 903 are perpendicular. The first abutting wheels 902 abut against the transverse guide rail 1001, and the second abutting wheels 903 abut against the guide wheel slots 1002.

[0070] The translation stage 9 is provided with second abutment wheels 903 on both sides of the transverse guide rail 1001 and is engaged in guide wheel slots 1002.

[0071] The pipe clamp device 901 includes two hinged semicircular petals, one of which can be flipped open to allow the slurry outlet pipe 11 to be inserted and then closed. The end of the other petal is then bolted to lock and secure the slurry outlet pipe 11. The slurry outlet pipe 11 can be adjusted so that its lower end is close to the slope protection frame 2 before being locked, reducing the degree of slurry splashing.

[0072] In the preferred embodiment, a limiting baffle 502 is connected to the reserved plate 501 of the trench 5. The moving trolley 8 includes a bottom base block 801. The bottom base block 801 is provided with a plurality of rotatable stepped wheels 802. The stepped wheels 802 roll between the bottom surface of the trench 5 and the limiting baffle 502. The upper end of the bottom base block 801 is provided with a height-adjustable sleeve block 805. The sleeve block 805 is connected to the end of the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame 10.

[0073] The limit baffle 502 is detachable.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the bottom base block 801 is provided with an outer sleeve 803, and a slidable telescopic inner rod 804 is sleeved inside the outer sleeve 803. The telescopic inner rod 804 and the outer sleeve 803 are provided with multiple through adjustment holes 806. The sleeve block 805 is slidably sleeved with the upper end of the telescopic inner rod 804. A first pin bolt 808 and a second pin bolt 809 are also provided. The first pin bolt 808 passes through the adjustment holes 806 of the outer sleeve 803 and the telescopic inner rod 804, and the second pin bolt 809 passes through the sleeve block 805 to sleeve with the adjustment holes 806 of the telescopic inner rod 804.

[0075] The height of the connecting block 805 and the telescopic inner rod 804 can be adjusted separately.

[0076] Nuts are provided at both ends of the first pin bolt 808 and the second pin bolt 809 for locking.

[0077] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom base block 801 has a clamping brake plate 807 on both outer sides, a guide rod part 811 on one side of the clamping brake plate 807, and a groove part 810 in the center of the bottom base block 801. The guide rod part 811 is slidably connected to the side wall of the groove part 810. The side wall of the groove part 810 is also provided with a top sleeve 812 that is slidably connected. The groove part 810 is provided with a drive screw 813. The two ends of the drive screw 813 are threadedly connected to the top sleeve 812 respectively. The threads at the two ends of the drive screw 813 are in opposite directions. Rotating the drive screw 813 causes each top sleeve 812 to push the clamping brake plate 807 to clamp the inner wall of the groove 5.

[0078] When the brake plate 807 is pressed against the inner wall of the groove 5, the moving trolley 8 is fixed.

[0079] The other end of the guide rod 811 is provided with a baffle 815. A return spring 816 is provided between the baffle 815 and the inner wall of the groove 810. A handle 814 is provided in the center of the drive screw 813. Rotating the handle 814 in the opposite direction releases the top sleeve 812. The spring force causes the top brake plate 807 to retract and reset, disengaging from the groove 5. At this time, the moving trolley 8 can move freely.

[0080] In the preferred scheme,

[0081] Long-lasting fertilizer is mixed into eco-friendly concrete;

[0082] Assemble the grid frame 301 and the U-shaped lifting frame 302 into one piece and place them into the second grid groove 401 of the mold frame 4. Pour ecological concrete into the second grid groove 401 up to the end of the bend near the lifting hook 303.

[0083] Wait for the eco-concrete to solidify and be made into infill bricks 3;

[0084] The filling bricks 3 were demolded and transported to the reservoir bank site;

[0085] Different plant seeds are mixed into different storage tanks 12, and the storage tanks 12 are transported to the reservoir site by a mobile vehicle.

[0086] Install a limiting baffle 502 and a moving trolley 8 in the trench 5 and set up an auxiliary frame 10 for the slurry outlet pipe;

[0087] The slurry outlet pipe 11 is installed on the pipe clamp device 901 of the translation stage 9, and the storage tank 12 and the slurry outlet pipe 11 are connected by the pipeline system. The pipeline system is equipped with a pipeline switching valve 13 and a metering pump.

[0088] Move the translation platform 9 and spray ecological concrete into the slope protection frame 2 at the higher position, and spread it evenly;

[0089] Switch storage tank 12, move the trolley 8 to the next lower height position, and move the translation table 9 to carry out spraying.

[0090] Repeat the construction process at different height positions until all slope protection frames 2 have been sprayed.

[0091] Remove the limiting baffle 502 and move the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame 10 and the mobile trolley 8 to a position below the reservoir bank for construction.

[0092] Example 2:

[0093] An ecological slope protection structure for a reservoir bank includes multiple slope protection frames 2 installed on a slope 1. Each slope protection frame 2 has multiple first grid grooves 201. Each first grid groove 201 has filling bricks 3. The filling bricks 3 have hollow grid skeletons 301 and ecological concrete covering the grid skeletons 301. The bottom of the grid skeletons 301 is provided with a U-shaped lifting frame 302. Both ends of the U-shaped lifting frame 302 are provided with upward-pointing lifting hooks 303.

[0094] Ecological concrete has a porous structure, which facilitates drainage and allows plants to sprout and roots to penetrate and take root.

[0095] Ecological concrete is easy to mix with slow-release fertilizer, which can sustainably provide the nutrients needed for plant growth.

[0096] A mold frame 4 is also provided, which includes multiple second grid grooves 401. The shape and size of the second grid grooves 401 are completely consistent with those of the first grid grooves 201. After assembling the U-shaped lifting frame 302 and the grid skeleton 301, they are placed into the second grid grooves 401. Ecological concrete mixed with plant seeds is poured in, and after solidification, it forms filling bricks 3. The filling bricks 3 are then laid in the first grid grooves 201.

[0097] When localized plant death occurs, filler brick 3 can be removed and replaced with a new filler brick 3. The lifting hook 303 allows for easy lifting of the filler brick 3 by hand.

[0098] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom end of the mesh frame 301 is provided with a sinking groove 306, the U-shaped lifting frame 302 is embedded in the sinking groove 306, the bottom edge of the mesh frame 301 is provided with multiple lifting feet 307, and the two ends of the mesh frame 301 are also provided with side ears 304, and the side ears 304 are provided with anti-rotation grooves 305 aligned with the sinking groove 306.

[0099] The 301 mesh skeleton can be made of engineering plastics.

[0100] The lifting foot 307 can raise the height of the grid frame 301, allowing concrete to flow into the hollow layer below the grid frame 301, completely enclosing the grid frame 301 and the lower end of the U-shaped lifting frame 302. The U-shaped lifting frame 302 is inserted into the sinking groove 306 to prevent it from protruding from the bottom surface of the grid frame 301 and to prevent the grid frame 301 from tilting when it is placed into the second grid groove 401.

[0101] The anti-rotation groove 305 can hold the U-shaped lifting frame 302 at the joint section of the lifting hook 303, preventing the U-shaped lifting frame 302 from swinging and ensuring that the lifting hook 303 is in an upward position during pouring.

[0102] In the preferred embodiment, the slope 1 is provided with multiple parallel trenches 5, and the two ends of the trenches 5 are provided with reserved plates 501.

[0103] Trench 5 can be used as a drainage ditch for pipes.

[0104] The reserved plate 501 is fixed at the end of the groove 5 to facilitate the installation and fixing of other components.

[0105] In the preferred embodiment, the reserved plate 501 is provided with a support frame 6, the support frame 6 includes a fixing clamp assembly 601, the fixing clamp assembly 601 is provided with a connecting rod 602, and a sunshade net 7 is also provided. The outer edge of the sunshade net 7 is provided with a plurality of connecting collars 701, and the connecting collars 701 are sleeved on the connecting rods 602.

[0106] In the early stages of seed germination, when the plant is in the seedling stage, some seedlings are afraid of strong sunlight. To improve the survival rate, if it is hot summer, shade nets can be covered on the slope area to block some of the sunlight and prevent the sunlight from being too strong and scorching the seedlings.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting rod 602 is provided with a plurality of insertion holes 603 along its length and a U-shaped limiting card 604. The two ends of the opening side of the U-shaped limiting card 604 are provided with deformable upturned portions 605, and each upturned portion 605 is inserted into the adjacent insertion hole 603.

[0108] After the connecting collar 701 is fitted onto the connecting rod 602, the U-shaped limiting card 604 is engaged, restricting the connecting collar 701 to the position between two adjacent insertion holes 603 to prevent the connecting collar 701 from coming off. The raised part 605 of the U-shaped limiting card 604 prevents the U-shaped limiting card 604 from coming off from the insertion hole 603.

[0109] The different heights of the insertion holes 603 allow 7 to maintain different height positions, adapting to the height of different plants.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the fixing clamp assembly 601 includes a U-shaped bending member 606, a movable pressure plate 607 is provided in the U-shaped bending member 606, a guide rod 608 is provided at the upper end of the movable pressure plate 607, the guide rod 608 is slidably sleeved on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member 606, and a threaded tightening screw 609 is also provided on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member 606, the upper end of the tightening screw 609 is connected to the connecting rod 602, and the lower end of the tightening screw 609 abuts against the movable pressure plate 607, the movable pressure plate 607 and the lower side wall of the U-shaped bending member 606 clamp the reserved plate 501.

[0111] In the preferred embodiment, the first grid groove 201 is rectangular or regular hexagonal.

[0112] Example 3:

[0113] A method for slope protection of drawdown zones based on concrete grids and a combination of vegetation includes the following steps:

[0114] Clean the slope of the drawdown zone, remove debris from the slope surface, and level areas with significant unevenness.

[0115] Mark a grid of intersecting horizontal and vertical positioning lines on the slope of the drawdown zone.

[0116] The spacing between the longitudinal and transverse positioning lines is 120cm-180cm.

[0117] The width of the positioning line is 10cm-15cm.

[0118] Mark the pore points at the intersections of the grid lines.

[0119] Drill holes at the puncture site, with a diameter of 5-10cm and a depth of 50-100cm.

[0120] It is equipped with eco-friendly concrete, and conventional green concrete available on the market is selected.

[0121] Preferably, the thickness of the concrete spraying is 2-5 cm.

[0122] Preferably, the depth of the concrete injection hole is 50-100cm.

[0123] As a preferred option, the slope difference is less than 5°, and the entire grid of concrete is sprayed.

[0124] As a preferred option, when the slope difference is greater than 5°, expansion joints need to be designed when spraying the grid concrete, the positioning line is used to spray the concrete, and the concrete is sprayed into the drilled hole.

[0125] As a preferred option, the positioning line and the concrete inside the hole are sprayed as a whole.

[0126] As a preferred method, the concrete grid is cured for 7 days to allow the concrete to bond and fix with the slope soil, resulting in a concrete mesh grid on the drawdown zone slope.

[0127] As a preferred method, different flooding zones are divided according to the different flooding times of slopes at different elevations on the drawdown zone. The flooding zones are divided into severely flooded zones (S, flooding time of 7 months or more), moderately flooded zones (M, flooding time of 5-6 months), and lightly flooded zones (L, flooding time of 4 months or less) based on the flooding time.

[0128] As a preferred option, different shrubs and herbaceous plants are appropriately matched according to different flooded areas and planted within the concrete grid.

[0129] As a preferred option, based on the different geological conditions of the slopes in different drawdown zones, the natural slopes of the drawdown zones are divided into rock slopes (S1), mixed slopes (S2), and soil slopes (S3) according to the characteristics of the rock and soil structure. The soil types of soil slopes and mixed slopes include purple soil, calcareous yellow soil, paddy soil, alluvial soil, and sediments (silt) left behind due to water level changes.

[0130] As a preferred option, the size of the grid should be designed based on the rock and soil conditions of the drawdown zone slope.

[0131] As a preferred option, this design is applicable to both mixed-material slopes (S2) and soil slopes (S3) in the drawdown zone.

[0132] Preferably, the S2 slope concrete grid is a regular quadrilateral grid with a side length of 150cm-180cm, and the S3 slope concrete grid is a regular quadrilateral grid with a side length of 120cm-150cm.

[0133] Preferably, the plants planted within the concrete grid of Zone S are: Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Cyperus rotundus Linn., Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers., Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Vicia sepium L., Medicago minima (L.) Bartal., Polygonum lapathifolium Linn., Acorus calamus Linn., Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribn., Vetiver (Linn.) Vach, and Setaria viridis (Linn.). Any combination of several herbaceous plants, such as Beauv., Eleusine indica (Linn.) Gaertn., and Conyza canadensis (Linn.) Cronq.

[0134] As a preferred option, the herb combination should primarily consist of dominant herbs from the local drawdown zone.

[0135] Preferably, the concrete grid in zone M is planted with a mixture of shrubs such as Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) PY Zhang et YJ Zhang, Cornus quinquenervis Franch., Distylium chinense (Franch. ex Hemsl.) Diels, and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., and herbaceous plants such as Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers., Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev, Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, and Hemarthria sibirica (Gand.) Ohwi.

[0136] Preferably, the concrete grid in zone L contains a mixture of shrubs and trees, including Salix variegata Franch., Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) PY Zhang et YJ Zhang, Salix hylonoma CK Schneid. in Sargent, bamboo willow, and Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC., along with the aforementioned herbaceous plants.

[0137] Preferably, the mixed planting should primarily consist of dominant plant species from the local drawdown zone.

[0138] By constructing a concrete mesh structure on the slope of the drawdown zone, the erosion of the soil by water flow can be reduced.

[0139] The concrete mesh structure traps soil, fixing more soil within the grid and reducing soil erosion in the drawdown zone.

[0140] The concrete grid and its holes increase the anchorage between the overall grid and the slope soil, enhancing the grid's overall rigidity and improving slope stability. The vegetation planted within the grid reduces water erosion of the soil and also helps stabilize it.

[0141] It has comprehensive functions such as interception, weakening, and reinforcement. It can intercept soil and reduce soil erosion in the drawdown zone, and weaken the scouring effect of water flow on the soil in the drawdown zone. At the same time, the combination of concrete grids and plants can also reinforce the soil in the drawdown zone, which is beneficial to the reinforcement of the drawdown zone.

[0142] The construction method used is simple and the construction period is short, which greatly reduces the construction cost compared to large-area concrete slope protection.

[0143] It preserves the soil conditions for plant growth in the drawdown zone, is ecologically friendly, and meets development requirements. Strengthening the soil in the drawdown zone offers economic and technological advantages, effectively reducing soil erosion and demonstrating promising application prospects. It can be primarily used for the treatment of riverbank slopes and reservoir drawdown zones.

[0144] Example 4:

[0145] In this embodiment, the slope protection type of the drawdown zone is soil slope S3, the soil type is purple soil, the average slope of area S is 28.5°, the overall flat and slightly steep; the average slope of area M is 22°, the overall flat; the average slope of area L is 16°, the overall slope surface is uneven, the steepest part is 21° and the gentlest part is 15°.

[0146] The implementation time of this embodiment is June, and the construction is carried out when the water level in the drawdown zone is 150m below the altitude.

[0147] The slope protection method of this embodiment, which combines concrete grids and vegetation to reinforce the drawdown zone, includes the following steps:

[0148] Clean the slope surface, reshape the slope, level mounds, fill in depressions, and make the slope surface smoother. Then remove debris such as loose rocks or slag from the slope surface from top to bottom.

[0149] Mark a grid of intersecting positioning lines on the leveled slope, with each positioning line spaced 150cm apart.

[0150] The positioning line is 12cm wide.

[0151] Mark the pore points at the intersections of the grid lines.

[0152] Drill a hole at the borehole location, with a depth of 100cm and a diameter of 10cm.

[0153] Ecological concrete is used, and conventional greening concrete is selected from the market. The greening concrete materials include planting soil, cement, organic materials and ecological amendments. The planting soil can be soil with a surface depth of less than 30mm in the drawdown zone, the soil particle size is ≤0.8cm, and the sand content of the planting soil is ≤20%.

[0154] Concrete is sprayed into the positioning lines and holes. Area S is sprayed in one go. Expansion joints are marked at the intersection of Area S and Area M. Area M is sprayed in one go. Expansion joints are marked at the intersection of Area M and Area L. Expansion joints are marked at the gentlest and steepest points of Area L. Spraying is carried out according to the expansion joints.

[0155] The thickness of the sprayed concrete is 2.5cm; the depth of the hole is 100cm.

[0156] After the sprinkler irrigation is completed, the concrete grid is cured for 7 days to allow the concrete to bond and fix with the slope soil, resulting in a concrete mesh grid on the drawdown zone slope.

[0157] In the S zone concrete grid, sow seeds of four types of grasses: Bermuda grass, Xanthium sibiricum, Vetiver grass, and Alfalfa. The grass seeds are mixed and sown in a ratio of 2 parts Bermuda grass to 1 part Xanthium sibiricum to 1 part Vetiver grass to 1 part Alfalfa. In the M zone concrete grid, transplant 5 Spruce spp. and 5 Willow spp. in each grid. The transplanted Spruce spp. are 1-2 year old cuttings, and the Willow spp. are 2-3 year old seedlings. After transplanting the shrubs, evenly sow the aforementioned mixed grass seeds in the empty spaces within the grid. In the L zone concrete grid, transplant Willow spp., Acer palmatum, and Reed. Plant Reed along the edge of each grid, and plant 2 Acer palmatum and 2 Willow spp. in each grid. The Willow spp. and Acer palmatum are 2-3 year old seedlings, and the Reed is 1 year old. After planting the shrubs and trees, evenly sow the aforementioned mixed grass seeds in the empty spaces within the grid. After planting, water the entire plant once for maintenance.

[0158] Example 5:

[0159] In this embodiment, the slope protection type of the drawdown zone is a mixed soil slope S2, the soil type is purple soil and alluvial soil, the average slope of area S is 26°, the average slope of area M is 28°, and the average slope of area L is 24°. The slope of the drawdown zone is generally flat and slightly steep.

[0160] The concrete grid construction method in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 4.

[0161] In this embodiment, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the positioning lines is 180cm.

[0162] The positioning line width is 13.5cm.

[0163] In this embodiment, the borehole depth is 80cm and the diameter is 8cm.

[0164] In this embodiment, the S, M, and L zones are sprayed together in one go, and expansion joints are marked at the intersection of the three zones.

[0165] The thickness of the sprayed concrete is 3.5cm; the depth of the hole is 80cm.

[0166] In this embodiment, four types of grass seeds—berberis, cocklebur, pea, and tall fescue—are sown in the concrete grids of zone S. The seeds are mixed in a ratio of 2 parts bermudagrass to 2 parts cocklebur to 1 part pea to 1 part tall fescue. In the concrete grids of zone M, *Salix viminalis* and *Salix cathayensis* are planted, with 5 *Salix viminalis* and 5 *Salix cathayensis* seedlings transplanted into each grid. The transplanted *Salix viminalis* are 1-2 year old cuttings, and the *Salix cathayensis* are 2-3 year old seedlings. After transplanting the shrubs, the mixed grass seeds are evenly sown into the empty spaces within the grids. In the concrete grids of zone L, *Salix cathayensis* and *Salix matsudana* are transplanted, with 3 *Salix cathayensis* and 3 *Salix matsudana* seedlings planted in each grid. The *Salix cathayensis* and *Salix matsudana* are 2-3 year old seedlings. After planting the shrubs and trees, the mixed grass seeds are evenly sown into the empty spaces within the grids. After planting, the entire area is watered once for maintenance.

[0167] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids, characterized in that: The structure includes multiple slope protection frames (2) installed on the slope (1), each slope protection frame (2) having multiple first grid grooves (201), the top height of the first grid grooves (201) being lower than the top height of the slope protection frame (2), each first grid groove (201) having filling bricks (3), the filling bricks (3) including a precast ecological concrete layer (308), and each slope protection frame (2) having a cast-in-place ecological concrete layer (202) covering the filling bricks (3) above it. Multiple parallel trenches (5) are provided on the slope (1), and reserved plates (501) are provided at both ends of the trenches (5); A limiting baffle (502) is provided between the two reserved plates (501), and a slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame (10) is also provided. The slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame (10) is provided with a moving trolley (8) at both ends. The lower end of the moving trolley (8) is locked in the trench (5) and moves. A movable translation platform (9) is provided on the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame (10). The slurry outlet pipe (11) is fixed on the translation platform (9). The translation platform (9) can drive the slurry outlet pipe (11) to move horizontally at the same level along the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame (10). 1) On the slope surface facing the slope (1) at the bottom, there are also multiple storage tanks (12). The storage tanks (12) are used to store ecological concrete. Different plant seeds are mixed in the ecological concrete of different storage tanks (12). The storage tanks (12) and the slurry outlet pipe (11) are connected by a pipeline. A pipeline switching valve (13) is connected to the pipeline between the storage tanks (12) and the slurry outlet pipe (11). At the construction site, different kinds of plant seeds are mixed into the ecological concrete and sprayed onto the upper layer of the filling bricks at different heights.

2. The reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling brick (3) includes a hollowed-out grid frame (301), a pre-cast ecological concrete layer (308) wrapped around the outside of the grid frame (301), a U-shaped lifting frame (302) at the bottom of the grid frame (301), and lifting hooks (303) that are raised upward at both ends of the U-shaped lifting frame (302).

3. The reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids according to claim 2, characterized in that: the grid... The bottom of the frame (301) is provided with a sinking groove (306), and the U-shaped lifting frame (302) is embedded in the sinking groove (306). The bottom edge of the grid frame (301) is provided with multiple lifting feet (307). The two ends of the grid frame (301) are also provided with side ears (304), and the side ears (304) are provided with anti-rotation grooves (305) aligned with the sinking groove (306).

4. The reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry pipe auxiliary frame (10) is provided with a transverse guide rail (1001), and guide wheel slots (1002) are provided on both sides of the transverse guide rail (1001). One end of the translation platform (9) is provided with a pipe clamp device (901), which is used to connect the slurry pipe (11). The other end of the translation platform (9) is provided with multiple first abutting wheels (902) and second abutting wheels (903). The rotation axes of the first abutting wheels (902) and the second abutting wheels (903) are perpendicular. The first abutting wheel (902) abuts against the transverse guide rail (1001), and the second abutting wheel (903) abuts against the guide wheel slot (1002).

5. The reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting baffle (502) is connected to the reserved plate (501) of the trench (5). The moving trolley (8) includes a bottom base block (801). The bottom base block (801) is provided with multiple rotatable stepped wheels (802). The stepped wheels (802) roll between the bottom surface of the trench (5) and the limiting baffle (502). The upper end of the bottom base block (801) is provided with a height-adjustable sleeve block (805). The sleeve block (805) is connected to the end of the slurry outlet pipe auxiliary frame (10).

6. The reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom base block (801) is provided with an outer sleeve (803) at the upper end. A slidable telescopic inner rod (804) is sleeved inside the outer sleeve (803). The telescopic inner rod (804) and the outer sleeve (803) are provided with multiple through adjustment holes (806). The sleeve block (805) is slidably sleeved with the upper end of the telescopic inner rod (804). A first pin bolt (808) and a second pin bolt (809) are also provided. The first pin bolt (808) passes through the adjustment holes (806) of the outer sleeve (803) and the telescopic inner rod (804). The second pin bolt (809) passes through the sleeve block (805) to sleeve with the adjustment holes (806) of the telescopic inner rod (804).

7. The reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grids according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom base block (801) is provided with a top clamping brake plate (807) on both outer sides. The top clamping brake plate (807) is provided with a guide rod part (811) on one side. The bottom base block (801) is provided with a sinking part (810) in the center. The guide rod part (811) is slidably connected to the side wall of the sinking part (810). The side wall of the sinking part (810) is also provided with a top sleeve (812) that is slidably connected. The sinking part (810) is provided with a drive screw (813). The two ends of the drive screw (813) are respectively threaded to the top sleeve (812). The threads at both ends of the drive screw (813) are opposite. Rotating the drive screw (813) causes each top sleeve (812) to push the top clamping brake plate (807) to clamp the inner wall of the groove (5).

8. The construction method of the reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system based on concrete grid according to claim 2, characterized in that: Long-lasting fertilizer is mixed into eco-friendly concrete; Assemble the grid frame (301) and the U-shaped lifting frame (302) into one piece and place them into the second grid groove (401) of the mold frame (4), and pour ecological concrete into the second grid groove (401); Wait for the ecological concrete to solidify and be made into filling bricks (3); (3) The filling bricks are demolded and transported to the reservoir bank site; Different plant seeds are mixed into different storage tanks (12), and the storage tanks (12) are transported to the reservoir site by a mobile vehicle. Install a limiting baffle (502) and a moving trolley (8) in the trench (5) and set up an auxiliary frame (10) for the slurry outlet pipe. Install the slurry outlet pipe (11) on the pipe clamp device (901) of the translation stage (9), and connect the storage tank (12) and the slurry outlet pipe (11) using the pipeline system. The pipeline system is equipped with a pipeline switching valve (13) and a metering pump. Move the translation platform (9) and spray ecological concrete into the slope protection frame (2) at the higher position, and spread it evenly; Switch the storage tank (12), move the trolley (8) to the next lower height position, and move the translation platform (9) to carry out the spraying operation; Repeat the construction at different height positions until all slope protection frames (2) have been sprayed. Remove the limiting baffle (502), and move the slurry pipe auxiliary frame (10) and the mobile trolley (8) to a position below the reservoir bank for construction.

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