Ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouse of hydropower station

Abstract

The invention provides a ventilation and safety vertical shaft arrangement system for an underground powerhouse of a hydropower station, which comprises main and auxiliary powerhouse holes of the underground powerhouse, a main transformation hole, a tail gate hole and a factory access hole, and the ventilation and safety hole and the factory access hole are communicated with the ground and are communicated with the main and auxiliary powerhouse holes and the main transformation hole. The opening of the ventilation and safety hole is communicated to the ground and serves as an excavation construction channel at the upper part of the main and auxiliary factory building hole, the ventilation and safety hole is respectively communicated with a main transformer hole and a tail gate hole through a main transformer air inlet hole and a tail gate ventilation hole, and a ventilation and safety vertical shaft is arranged in the middle of the ventilation and safety hole and serves as a cavity outlet after water storage of a lower reservoir; and a concrete plug is arranged at a hole section between the ventilation and safety hole opening and the ventilation and safety vertical shaft. The length of the ventilation and safety hole can be shortened, hub arrangement is optimized, project investment is saved, the construction period is shortened, and meanwhile the functions of vehicle passing in the construction period and air inlet, air exhaust and safe evacuation in the operation period can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the layout of underground powerhouses of hydropower stations, and particularly relates to a layout system of a ventilation and safety shaft for an underground powerhouse of a hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] Under the new situation of the global response to climate change and the acceleration of the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, it is imperative to accelerate the development of conventional hydropower stations and pumped-storage power stations.

[0003] Underground powerhouses are widely used in the field of hydropower stations, especially pumped-storage power stations. The underground powerhouse is the core of the power station, where power generation equipment, main transformers, auxiliary equipment, etc. are assembled. At present, the common construction, ventilation, and traffic channels for underground powerhouses are the access tunnel and the ventilation and safety tunnel. The two tunnels are located on both sides of the underground powerhouse respectively, and the tunnel openings lead to the ground. The access tunnel is the main traffic, air intake, and excavation channel for the middle and lower parts of the underground powerhouse, and is also the main escape route. The ventilation and safety tunnel is the exhaust and smoke exhaust of the powerhouse, the upper excavation, and the second air intake and safety escape route.

[0004] Considering the vehicle transportation and traffic safety during the construction period, the slope of the ventilation and safety tunnel is generally not greater than 12%. At the same time, to meet the flood control requirements, the tunnel opening should be higher than the flood control water level at the location. Some hydropower station projects are restricted by topographical conditions and the layout of the hub. If it is necessary to meet the flood control elevation and slope limit of the tunnel opening, the length of the ventilation and safety tunnel is very long, or it is impossible to find a suitable tunnel opening due to the restriction of the hub layout, thus increasing the project investment and even restricting the site selection of the project. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a layout system of a ventilation and safety shaft for an underground powerhouse of a hydropower station, which can shorten the length of the ventilation and safety tunnel, optimize the layout of the hub, save project investment, save the construction period, and at the same time can meet the functions of vehicle passage during the construction period and air intake, exhaust, and safety evacuation during the operation period.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: The three major chambers of the underground powerhouse generally include the main and auxiliary powerhouse chambers, the main transformer chamber, and the tailrace gate chamber.

[0007] A layout system of a ventilation and safety shaft for an underground powerhouse of a hydropower station includes the main and auxiliary powerhouse chambers, the main transformer chamber, the tailrace gate chamber of the underground powerhouse, as well as the access tunnel and the ventilation and safety tunnel. The access tunnel opening leads to the ground and is connected to the main and auxiliary powerhouse chambers and the main transformer chamber. The ventilation and safety tunnel opening leads to the ground and serves as the excavation construction channel for the upper part of the main and auxiliary powerhouse chambers. The ventilation and safety tunnel is connected to the main transformer chamber and the tailrace gate chamber through the main transformer air intake tunnel and the tailrace gate ventilation tunnel respectively.

[0008] The access tunnel is the construction, traffic channel, first safety exit, and first air intake channel for the middle and lower parts of the three major chambers of the underground powerhouse.

[0009] The elevation of the ventilation and safety tunnel is the same as the elevation of the top of the main and auxiliary power house tunnels. It serves as the excavation construction access above the main and auxiliary power house tunnels and as the exhaust air duct, the second fresh air inlet duct and the second safety exit of the three major underground power house chambers during operation.

[0010] For the convenience of vehicle passage and construction safety, the longitudinal slope of the ventilation and safety tunnel generally does not exceed 12%.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the invention, the entrance of the ventilation and safety tunnel leads to the ground. The elevation of the entrance is higher than the elevation of the top of the main and auxiliary power house tunnels but lower than the flood control water level at the entrance. After the lower reservoir is impounded, the entrance of the ventilation and safety tunnel will be submerged.

[0012] The ventilation and safety tunnel is divided into two parts by a brick wall. One side is the fresh air inlet and safety evacuation passage, and the other side is the exhaust air duct.

[0013] Since the entrance of the ventilation and safety tunnel is submerged after the lower reservoir is impounded, a ventilation and safety shaft is arranged in the middle of the ventilation and safety tunnel as the chamber outlet after the lower reservoir is impounded.

[0014] To prevent the water in the lower reservoir from flowing into the underground power house after impoundment, a concrete plug is arranged in the tunnel section between the entrance of the ventilation and safety tunnel and the ventilation and safety shaft.

[0015] The bottom of the ventilation and safety shaft is connected to the ventilation and safety tunnel, and the top leads to the ground. The main functions of the ventilation and safety shaft are the exhaust air duct, the second fresh air inlet duct and the second safety exit of the three major underground power house chambers.

[0016] The structural layout of the ventilation and safety shaft can be divided into three modules from bottom to top, namely the connection layer connected to the ventilation and safety tunnel, the standard layer and the ground layer. The ground layer is divided into the fresh air inlet and safety exit layer and the exhaust air layer.

[0017] The height of the ventilation and safety shaft is determined by the elevation difference between the ventilation and safety tunnel and the ground. According to the height of the ventilation and safety shaft, a certain number of standard layers of the ventilation and safety shaft can be arranged accordingly.

[0018] The connection layer of the ventilation and safety shaft is divided into an exhaust air shaft, a fresh air inlet shaft, an elevator shaft and a stairwell by a concrete partition wall, so as to meet the functions of exhaust air, fresh air inlet and safety evacuation. Among them, the stairwell is a safety evacuation staircase, and a positive pressure air supply shaft for the stairwell is arranged. The air supply shaft is the air supply shaft for the elevator lobby; in addition, a cable shaft is arranged to lay the cables of electrical equipment such as lighting, elevator control and ventilation equipment on each floor. The exhaust air shaft of the connection layer is communicated with the exhaust air duct of the ventilation and safety tunnel, and the fresh air inlet shaft of the connection layer is communicated with the fresh air inlet and safety evacuation passage of the ventilation and safety tunnel.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the invention, the personnel safety evacuation route is from the underground power house to the ventilation and safety tunnel safety evacuation passage, then through the air intake shaft or elevator shaft or staircase of the ventilation and safety vertical shaft, and finally through the staircase on the ground floor to reach the ground. Considering the relatively large height of the ventilation and safety vertical shaft, it is more convenient to go up and down through the elevator shaft during daily inspections.

[0020] The standard floor of the ventilation and safety vertical shaft is divided into an exhaust shaft, an air intake shaft, an elevator shaft and a staircase by a concrete partition wall. The standard floor of the ventilation and safety vertical shaft is provided with a positive pressure air supply shaft for the staircase and an air supply shaft for the elevator lobby, and a cable shaft is also arranged.

[0021] The air intake and safety exit floor of the ventilation and safety vertical shaft on the ground floor is divided into an exhaust shaft, an air intake shaft, an elevator shaft, a staircase and a cable shaft by a brick wall. The elevator shaft and the staircase on the air intake and safety exit floor lead to the safety exit, and the ground can be reached from the safety exit, thus playing the function of safety evacuation. The positive pressure air supply shaft of the staircase and the upper part of the air intake shaft on the air intake and safety exit floor are connected to the air supply fan to obtain fresh air from outside. Louvers are opened on the outer brick wall of the air intake shaft as a channel for intake air from outside.

[0022] The exhaust floor of the ventilation and safety vertical shaft on the ground floor is provided with an exhaust shaft, a staircase and an elevator machine room. The elevator machine room controls the operation of the elevator in the elevator shaft. Exhaust outlets are arranged on the outer wall of the exhaust shaft on the exhaust floor to discharge the polluted air from the underground power house cavern group.

[0023] It is further emphasized here that in the ventilation and safety vertical shaft, the exhaust shafts of the connection floor, the exhaust shafts of the standard floor and the exhaust shafts of the ground floor are arranged in a through manner, and finally the polluted air is discharged from the exhaust outlets on the exhaust floor of the ground floor; the air intake shafts of the connection floor, the air intake shafts of the standard floor and the air intake shafts of the ground floor are arranged in a through manner, and finally fresh air from outside is obtained by connecting the positive pressure air supply shaft of the staircase on the air intake and safety exit floor of the ground floor and the upper part of the air intake shaft on the ground floor to the air supply fan; the elevator shafts of the connection floor, the elevator shafts of the standard floor and the elevator shafts of the ground floor are arranged in a through manner, and the same elevator is controlled by the elevator machine room arranged in the exhaust floor of the ground floor and runs up and down in the through elevator shaft. The staircases of the connection floor, the staircases of the standard floor and the staircases of the ground floor are well connected. As a safety evacuation passage, the staircase of the connection floor is connected and communicated with the air intake and safety evacuation passage of the ventilation and safety tunnel, and the staircase of the ground floor is connected and communicated with the ground safety exit. In addition, the staircase on the exhaust floor of the ground floor is set as the daily maintenance passage for the exhaust floor.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The ventilation and safety vertical shaft layout system for the underground power house of a hydropower station of the present invention can shorten the length of the ventilation and safety tunnel, optimize the layout of the hub, save project investment and construction period, and at the same time can meet the functions of vehicle passage during the construction period and air intake, exhaust and safety evacuation during the operation period.

[0025] Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention arranges a ventilation and safety shaft in front of the cave opening. The cave opening of the ventilation and safety cave can only be used as the cave opening during the construction period, and the elevation of the cave opening can be made relatively low. On the premise of ensuring that the slope of the cave chamber during the construction period is not greater than 12% as much as possible, the length of the cave chamber can be shortened, saving the construction period and project investment; during the operation period of the shaft, it serves as the exhaust air duct, the second air inlet duct and the second safety exit of the three major cave chambers of the underground power house, meeting the requirements of various functions of the power station operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is the layout plan of the main cave chambers of the underground power house of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The layout plan of the ventilation and safety cave and the ventilation and safety shaft of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 is the typical cross-sectional view of the ventilation and safety shaft of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 is the layout plan of the connection layer between the ventilation and safety shaft and the ventilation and safety cave of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 is the layout plan of the standard layer of the ventilation and safety shaft of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 is the layout plan of the ground air inlet and safety exit layer of the ventilation and safety shaft of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 is the layout plan of the ground exhaust air layer of the ventilation and safety shaft of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0034] As Figure 1 shown, the three major cave chambers of the underground power house generally include the main and auxiliary power house cave 1, the main transformer cave 2 and the tailrace gate cave 3. One side of the three major cave chambers of the underground power house is the access tunnel 4, and the cave opening of the access tunnel 4 leads to the ground. The access tunnel 4 is the construction, traffic passage, the first safety exit and the first air inlet passage in the middle and lower parts of the three major cave chambers of the underground power house. The other side of the three major cave chambers of the underground power house is the ventilation and safety cave 5, whose elevation is the same as the top elevation of the main and auxiliary power house cave 1, serving as the excavation construction passage for the upper part of the main and auxiliary power house cave 1. The ventilation and safety cave 5 is connected to the main transformer cave 2 and the tailrace gate cave 3 through the main transformer air inlet tunnel 8 and the tailrace gate ventilation tunnel 9 respectively.

[0035] For the convenience of vehicle passage and construction safety, the longitudinal slope of the ventilation and safety cave generally does not exceed 12%.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation and safety tunnel opening 6 leads to the ground. The elevation of the ventilation and safety tunnel opening 6 is higher than the top elevation of the main and auxiliary power house tunnels 1, but lower than the flood control water level at the opening. After the lower reservoir is impounded, the ventilation and safety tunnel opening 6 is submerged.

[0037] As Figure 1 shown, since the ventilation and safety tunnel opening 6 is submerged after the lower reservoir is impounded, a ventilation and safety shaft 7 is arranged in the middle of the ventilation and safety tunnel 5 as the chamber outlet after the lower reservoir is impounded.

[0038] As Figure 2 shown, to prevent the water in the lower reservoir from flowing into the underground power house, a concrete plug 13 is arranged in the tunnel section between the ventilation and safety tunnel opening 6 and the ventilation and safety shaft 7.

[0039] Preferably, the ventilation and safety tunnel 5 is divided into two parts by a brick wall 10. One side is the air intake and safety evacuation passage 11, and the other side is the exhaust duct 12.

[0040] As Figure 3 shown, the bottom of the ventilation and safety shaft 7 is connected to the ventilation and safety tunnel 5, and the top leads to the ground. The main functions of the ventilation and safety shaft 7 are the exhaust duct, the second air intake duct and the second safety exit for the three major chambers of the underground power house.

[0041] The structural layout of the ventilation and safety shaft 7 can be divided into three modules from bottom to top, namely the connection layer 14 connected to the ventilation and safety tunnel 5, the standard layer 15 and the ground layer 16.

[0042] The height of the ventilation and safety shaft 7 is determined by the elevation difference between the ventilation and safety tunnel 5 and the ground. According to the height of the ventilation and safety shaft 7, a certain number of standard layers 15 of the ventilation and safety shaft can be arranged accordingly.

[0043] As Figure 4 shown, the connection layer 14 of the ventilation and safety tunnel is divided into an exhaust air shaft 19, an intake air shaft 20, an elevator shaft 21 and a stairwell 22 by a concrete partition wall, so as to meet the functions of exhaust air, intake air and safety evacuation. The stairwell 22 in the connection layer 14 is a safety evacuation stairway, and a positive pressure air supply shaft 23 is arranged in the stairwell 14. The air supply shaft 24 is an air supply shaft for the elevator lobby, and a cable shaft 25 is also arranged to lay the cables of electrical equipment such as lighting, elevator control and ventilation equipment on each floor.

[0044] The exhaust air shaft 19 in the connection layer 14 of the ventilation and safety shaft is communicated with the exhaust duct 12, and the intake air shaft 20 in the connection layer 14 of the ventilation and safety shaft is communicated with the intake air and safety evacuation passage 11.

[0045] The personnel safety evacuation route is from the safety evacuation passage 11 of the ventilation and safety tunnel to the intake air shaft 20 or the elevator shaft 21 or the stairwell 22, and then to the ground through the stairwell 22.

[0046] Considering that the ventilation and safety shaft 7 is relatively high, it is more convenient to go up and down through the elevator shaft 21 during daily inspections.

[0047] As Figure 5 shown, the standard floor 15 of the ventilation and safety shaft is divided into an exhaust shaft 19, an intake shaft 20, an elevator shaft 21, and a staircase 22 by a concrete partition wall.

[0048] The standard floor 15 of the ventilation and safety shaft is provided with a positive pressure air supply shaft 23 for the staircase, the air supply shaft 24 is an air supply shaft for the elevator lobby, and a cable shaft 25 is also arranged.

[0049] The ground floor 16 of the ventilation and safety shaft is divided into an intake and safety exit floor 17 and an exhaust floor 18.

[0050] As Figure 6 shown, the intake and safety exit floor 17 of the ground floor 16 is divided into an exhaust shaft 19, an intake shaft 20, an elevator shaft 21, a staircase 22, and a cable shaft 25 by a concrete brick wall.

[0051] The elevator shaft 21 and the staircase 22 on the intake and safety exit floor 17 lead to the safety exit 26, and one can reach the ground from the safety exit 26, thus playing the function of safe evacuation.

[0052] The positive pressure air supply shaft 23 and the air supply shaft 24 of the staircase on the intake and safety exit floor 17 are connected to the air supply fan 27 at the upper part to obtain fresh air from the outside. Louvers 28 are opened on the outer brick wall of the intake shaft 20 as a passage for intake air from the outside.

[0053] As Figure 7 shown, the exhaust floor 18 of the ground floor 16 is provided with an exhaust shaft 19, a staircase 22, and an elevator machine room 29. Exhaust outlets 30 are arranged on the peripheral wall of the exhaust shaft 19 to discharge the polluted air from the underground powerhouse cavern group.

[0054] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station, comprising main and auxiliary powerhouse tunnels, main transformer tunnels, tailgate tunnels, plant access tunnels, and ventilation and safety tunnels of underground powerhouses, wherein the plant access tunnels are connected to the ground and communicate with the main and auxiliary powerhouse tunnels and the main transformer tunnels, the ventilation and safety tunnels are connected to the ground and serve as excavation construction passages on the main and auxiliary powerhouse tunnels, and the ventilation and safety tunnels are connected with the main transformer tunnels and the tailgate tunnels through the main transformer wind inlet tunnel and the tailgate ventilation tunnel, respectively, and are characterized in that: A ventilation and safety shaft is arranged in the middle of the ventilation and safety tunnel as the exit of the cavern after the lower reservoir is filled with water; a concrete plug is arranged in the tunnel section between the ventilation and safety tunnel entrance and the ventilation and safety shaft.

2. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation and safety shaft comprises, from bottom to top, a connecting layer, a plurality of standard layers and a ground layer.

3. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting layer of the ventilation and safety shaft is divided into exhaust shaft, air intake shaft, elevator shaft and stairwell by concrete partition walls; the standard floor is divided into exhaust shaft, air intake shaft, elevator shaft and stairwell by concrete partition walls; the ground floor includes air intake and safety exit layer and exhaust layer, the air intake and safety exit layer is divided into exhaust shaft, air intake shaft, elevator shaft, stairwell and cable shaft by concrete partition walls, the exhaust layer is arranged with exhaust shaft, stairwell and elevator machine room; all exhaust shafts are connected, all air intake shafts are connected, all elevator shafts are connected, and the elevator machine room controls the operation of elevators in the elevator shaft.

4. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The exhaust shaft of the connecting layer is connected with the exhaust duct of the ventilation and safety tunnel, and the air inlet shaft of the connecting layer is connected with the air inlet and safety evacuation passage of the ventilation and safety tunnel; exhaust outlets are arranged on the outer wall of the exhaust shaft of the exhaust layer of the ground layer to discharge the polluted air of the underground factory cavern group; the positive pressure air supply shaft of the stairwell of the air inlet and safety exit layer of the ground layer and the upper part of the air inlet shaft are connected to the air supply fan to obtain fresh air outside; the elevator shaft and stairwell of the air inlet and safety exit layer lead to the safety exit, and the ground can be reached from the safety exit, which plays the role of safe evacuation.

5. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stairwell is a safe evacuation staircase, and a positive pressure air supply shaft is arranged in the stairwell, and the air supply shaft is the elevator vestibule air supply shaft; a cable shaft and cables for electrical equipment such as lighting, elevator control, ventilation equipment, etc. on each floor are also arranged.

6. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation and safety hole is divided into two parts by a brick wall, one side is an air inlet and safety evacuation passage, and the other side is an exhaust passage.

7. A ventilation and safety shaft arrangement system for underground powerhouses of a hydropower station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The longitudinal slope of the ventilation and safety tunnel shall not exceed 12%.

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