Expressway tunnel ventilation control system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of traffic facility management and control systems, and discloses an expressway tunnel ventilation control system. The system is composed of an environment monitoring module, a data analysis module and a fan control module which are mutually connected through a network. The environment monitoring module collects natural wind and pollutant parameters of the uplink and downlink tunnels; the data analysis module obtains a natural wind increment through a natural wind analysis unit, the pollutant analysis unit calculates the air volume required by the tunnel, and the data adjustment unit calculates the natural wind variation after the fan in the transverse channel is started and adjusts the increment when the natural wind increment is negative; and the fan control module calculates the starting number of upstream and downstream fans according to the adjusted natural wind increment and the required wind quantity of the tunnel and controls the starting and stopping of the upstream and downstream fans. The method aims at solving the problems that an existing fan control method is not suitable for a parallel double-hole super-long tunnel structure due to the fact that the natural wind direction and the tunnel structure are not considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of traffic facility control systems, and particularly to a highway tunnel ventilation control system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of highway construction in China, more and more highway tunnels are being built and are getting longer. As the length of the tunnel continues to increase, pollutants in the air are likely to accumulate in the extra-long tunnel, resulting in the air quality in the tunnel not meeting the driving requirements and posing a hazard to the health of drivers. According to data statistics, the civil engineering and electromechanical costs required for ventilation account for about 10%-25% of the construction investment of extra-long tunnels. After the tunnel is put into operation, the usage and maintenance costs of the ventilation system account for 50% of all operating costs. Most of the extra-long tunnels in China are in the form of parallel double tunnels, and the concentration of air pollutants in the tunnel shows an increasing trend from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel exit. To improve this situation, two air exchange cross-passages are set at appropriate positions in the tunnel to connect the two tunnels into an integrated ventilation network, and at the same time, jet fans are installed to use the relatively fresh air in the downhill tunnel to neutralize the air with a higher concentration of pollutants in the uphill tunnel; this can improve the utilization rate of the internal space of the tunnel and give full play to the ventilation capacity of the downhill tunnel; through this solution, the exhaust shaft can be cancelled, which can not only reduce the civil engineering cost of tunnel construction, but also reduce the concentration of pollutants in the tunnel. However, the fan control of the ventilation system still relies on the original single valve control method, and there are still problems such as too few fans being turned on, harmful gases not being able to be exhausted from the tunnel, too many fans being turned on, and wasting electric energy, which does not meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction. In the context of green and low-carbon, how to reduce the energy consumption of tunnel operation while meeting the air quality requirements of the tunnel has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] The Chinese patent with the publication number CN115750425A discloses a control method for tunnel fans. Through the fan control strategy algorithm based on multi-source data fusion, it solves the problem of insufficient single-threshold control, enabling the fan to rise from single control to linear control. It optimizes and upgrades the ventilation control system, which can not only improve the ventilation efficiency of the tunnel but also reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system. However, this solution considers the natural wind speed, pollution gas data, and traffic volume data inside the tunnel, and then controls the fans based on the above data. However, when considering the natural wind speed, the influence of the wind direction is not taken into account in the above solution. The natural wind flowing in the direction of the traffic flow, that is, the natural wind flowing from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel exit, can be used as the assisting wind speed to reduce the number of fans turned on in the tunnel. While the natural wind flowing in the opposite direction of the traffic flow, that is, the natural wind flowing from the tunnel exit to the tunnel entrance, will blow back the air containing high-concentration pollutants at the exit back into the tunnel, forming a resistance to the exhaust of the fans. Therefore, simply considering the wind speed without considering the wind direction is likely to cause misjudgment, resulting in the fans turned on in the tunnel not being able to meet the exhaust requirements, and the pollutants in the tunnel cannot be discharged in time. Secondly, this solution does not consider the design structure of the existing tunnel. The opening of the jet fans at different positions has inconsistent ventilation effects in the tunnel. For example, in a super-long tunnel with parallel double holes, the fan installed in the ventilation cross-passage can use the relatively fresh air near the entrance end of one tunnel to neutralize the air with a relatively high pollutant concentration near the exit end of the other tunnel. The ventilation effect of turning on this fan is relatively better than that of the fan at the same position in the tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a ventilation control system for expressway tunnels, which solves the problem that the existing fan control method for tunnels does not consider the natural wind direction and tunnel structure, resulting in inaccurate fan control quantity and being inapplicable to the structure of super-long tunnels with parallel double holes.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a ventilation control system for expressway tunnels, including an environmental monitoring module, a data analysis module, and a fan control module that are network-connected to each other; The environmental monitoring module is used to collect the natural wind parameters and pollutant parameters of the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel. The natural wind parameters include the natural wind speed and direction, and the pollutant parameters include the tunnel CO concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration, and smoke concentration; The data analysis module includes a natural wind analysis unit, a pollutant analysis unit, and a data adjustment unit. The natural wind analysis unit is used to analyze the natural wind increment in the tunnel based on the wind speed and direction. The natural wind increment includes the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment. The pollutant analysis unit is used to calculate the required air volume of the tunnel respectively according to the pollutant parameters of different tunnels collected. The required air volume of the tunnel includes the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel. The data adjustment unit is used to calculate the change in natural wind of the two-sided tunnels after the upward horizontal channel fan is turned on when the upward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the adjusted upward natural wind increment and downward natural wind increment according to the change in natural wind. And calculate the required air volume of the adjusted upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formula;

[0006]

[0007] Where respectively represent the required air volume of the adjusted upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel; 、 respectively represent the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel before adjustment; represents the natural wind increment; represents the air volume of the fan in the horizontal channel, represents the gain coefficient, Calculated according to the actual measurement.

[0008] The data adjustment unit is also used to calculate the change in natural wind of the two-sided tunnels after the downward horizontal channel fan is turned on when the downward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the adjusted upward natural wind increment and downward natural wind increment according to the change in natural wind. And calculate the required air volume of the adjusted upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formula;

[0009]

[0010] The fan control module is used to calculate the number of tunnel fans to be turned on according to the required air volume of the adjusted upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel; the number of tunnel fans to be turned on includes the number of upward fans to be turned on and the number of downward fans to be turned on; and control the start and stop of the tunnel fans according to the number of tunnel fans to be turned on; The environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple highway gantries leading to the tunnel, and collect the vehicle types and the number of vehicles corresponding to different vehicle types. The vehicle types include new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles, and large vehicles. The data analysis module further includes a prediction unit, which is used to calculate the traffic flow change rate based on the total traffic flow. The data adjustment unit is used to calculate the adjustment index based on the traffic flow change rate, the total traffic flow of large vehicles in the vehicles, and the total traffic flow of small fuel vehicles, and calculate the change amount of the required air volume of the tunnel based on the adjustment index. The change amount of the required air volume of the tunnel The calculation formula is as follows represents the current required air volume of the tunnel;

[0011] Adjustment index The calculation method is as follows;

[0012] Among them, 、 、 respectively represent the total traffic flow, the total traffic flow of small vehicles, and the total traffic flow of large vehicles at the predicted time t, 、 、 respectively represent the current total traffic flow, the total traffic flow of small vehicles, and the total traffic flow of large vehicles, represents the emission weight ratio of large vehicles to small vehicles, represents the non-linear influence coefficient of traffic flow on ventilation demand, which is calibrated through actual measurement.

[0013] The technical principle and the beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: By considering the influence of the natural wind direction on the upward tunnel or the downward tunnel, the required air volume of different tunnels can be obtained; when the natural wind direction is consistent with the exhaust direction of the tunnel, the natural wind increment is taken as a positive number as a boost, and then the number of fans to be turned on can be calculated based on the adjusted required air volume after subtracting the natural wind increment from the required air volume, thereby reducing the fan energy consumption in the tunnel; when the natural wind direction is opposite to the exhaust direction of the tunnel, the natural wind increment is taken as a negative number as a resistance, and then the number of fans to be turned on can be calculated based on the adjusted required air volume after adding the natural wind increment to the required air volume, so as to meet the pollutant dilution demand in the tunnel.

[0014] Secondly, this solution also takes into account the existing tunnel design structure, selects to turn on the fans of different transverse channels according to the direction of the natural wind, so as to obtain the change amount of the natural wind in different tunnels based on the air volume of the turned-on fans, and then adjusts the natural wind increment in different tunnels, so as to achieve more accurate control of the number of fans, and can reduce the required air volume of the tunnel on the side where the natural wind is the resistance, thus saving the energy consumption of the fans. By multiplying the air volume of the fan by the gain coefficient when turning on the transverse fan, this solution converts the gain effect of reducing the pollutant concentration into the change of the required air volume; and then obtains the required air volume of the tunnel on the side where the natural wind increment is negative finally. The promotion effect of reducing the pollutant concentration in the tunnel after turning on this transverse fan is reflected by the gain coefficient, further reducing the negative impact on the required air volume of the tunnel when the natural wind increment is negative, and obtaining a calculation result of the actual required air volume that is more in line with this tunnel, so as to achieve the purpose of energy-saving control.

[0015] For example, since it is a parallel double-tunnel structure, when the direction of the natural wind is the same as the exhaust direction of the up-tunnel, the direction of the natural wind is opposite to the exhaust direction of the down-tunnel, forming resistance to the exhaust of the down-tunnel; at this time, select to turn on the fan in the down transverse air duct, so as to promote the air flow at the entrance end of the up-tunnel to flow to the exit end of the down-tunnel, thus reducing the increase in the natural wind in the up-tunnel and the natural wind resistance in the down-tunnel. Although the increment of the natural wind in the up-tunnel is reduced, the required air volume of the up-tunnel can still be reduced, thus reducing the number of fans turned on in the up-tunnel; for the down-tunnel, part of the natural wind volume of the up-tunnel is introduced through the down transverse air duct to offset part of the increase in the required air volume caused by the natural wind headwind, reducing the overall number of fans required for the down-tunnel, and then reducing the number of fans turned on in the down-tunnel. Through the calculation method of this solution, the number of fans required in both the up-tunnel and the down-tunnel can be reduced synchronously, thus playing a role in energy conservation and consumption reduction.

[0016] The magnitude of the traffic flow will affect the piston effect of the vehicle movement in the tunnel. When the traffic flow in the tunnel increases and the pollutant emissions remain unchanged, the air flow in the tunnel is blocked, and stronger ventilation is required to maintain a safe concentration; this solution calculates the pollutant emission impact factor through the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles, and obtains the total traffic flow impact factor based on the total traffic flow after adding new energy vehicles combined with the traffic flow impact coefficient, so as to obtain the dynamic adjustment index of the number of vehicles changing with time through integral operation based on the above two impact factors. 。Since the current usage of new energy vehicles is increasing, and new energy vehicles do not additionally increase pollutant emissions, the traditional calculation method of inferring the pollutant change rate based on traffic flow and then predicting the ventilation demand has a large error and is no longer applicable to the current situation. In this solution, by distinguishing the independent effects of pollutant emissions and traffic flow, an adjustment index is obtained to optimize the fan operation strategy. When the proportion of new energy vehicles in the traffic flow increases, the ventilation demand can be significantly reduced; and combined with the predicted traffic flow data, the ventilation volume is dynamically adjusted to balance safety and energy consumption.

[0017] Further, the pollutant analysis unit calculates the required air volumes Qc, Qn, and Qy for diluting CO, nitrogen oxides, and smoke respectively; and selects the highest of the three data values as the required air volume of the tunnel. The required air volumes for different pollutants are different. Usually, the required air volume for diluting nitrogen oxides is greater than that for diluting CO and smoke. Therefore, the required air volume to meet CO and smoke may not be able to meet the demand for diluting nitrogen oxides. Therefore, by selecting the highest value among Qc, Qn, and Qy as the required air volume of the tunnel can meet the dilution requirements for all pollutants.

[0018] Further, the environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple highway gantries leading to this tunnel, and collect the vehicle types and the number of vehicles corresponding to different vehicle types. The vehicle types include new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles, and large vehicles; the data analysis module also includes a prediction unit, and the prediction unit is used to calculate the change rates of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration within a preset future time according to the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the pollutant analysis unit is also used to calculate the change amount of the tunnel's required air volume according to the change rates of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number according to the change amount of the tunnel's required air volume, and turn on or off the fan according to the fan difference number in advance for a set time.

[0019] Further, the CO concentration difference and the nitrogen oxide concentration difference are calculated respectively by the following formulas;

[0020]

[0021] Among them, and respectively represent the CO emission rates of small cars and large cars, and respectively represent the nitrogen oxide emission rates of small cars and large cars, represents the effective volume of the tunnel, and respectively represent the numbers of small cars and large cars, and \(t\) represents the average time for vehicles to pass through the tunnel. 、 respectively represent the CO concentration and the nitrogen oxide concentration in the current tunnel.

[0022] When the change trend of the pollutant concentration is increasing, that is 、 are positive numbers, then the fan difference number is the number of fans that need to be increased. By turning on the number of fans to be increased in advance, the ventilation volume in the tunnel can be increased in advance, thereby reducing the pollutant concentration in the tunnel and further delaying the growth rate of the pollutant concentration in the tunnel; since the number of fans has been adjusted in advance to meet the required air volume for the increased pollutant concentration, it is possible to effectively prevent the pollutant concentration in the tunnel from exceeding the limit. Secondly, when the change trend of the pollutant concentration is decreasing, that is 、 are negative numbers, then the fan difference number is the number of fans that need to be reduced. By reducing the number of fans to be turned on in advance, the energy consumption of the tunnel fans can be reduced on the premise of meeting the ventilation requirements.

[0023] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring module is also used to collect the meteorological data of the tunnel. The meteorological data includes the predicted wind speed and wind direction data within a preset future time. The natural wind analysis unit is also used to obtain the natural wind increment change amount according to the predicted wind speed and wind direction data; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number according to the natural wind increment change amount and the change amount of the required air volume of the tunnel, and turn on or off the fans with the fan difference number in advance at a set time.

[0024] By combining the weather forecast and the traffic flow prediction of different vehicle types, the natural wind increment change amount and the change amount of the required air volume of the tunnel are obtained, so as to calculate the fan difference number more accurately, and then adjust the ventilation strategy in advance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a parallel double-hole extra-long tunnel; Figure 2 is a system module diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a system module diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following is further detailed through specific embodiments: The tunnel structure is as shown in the appendix Figure 1As shown in the figure, the transverse air duct near the exit end of the upstream tunnel is the upstream transverse air duct, which is used to neutralize the low-pollution air at the inlet end of the downstream tunnel and the high-pollution air at the exit end of the upstream tunnel; the transverse air duct near the exit end of the downstream tunnel is the downstream transverse air duct, which is used to neutralize the low-pollution air at the inlet end of the upstream tunnel and the high-pollution air at the exit end of the downstream tunnel.

[0027] Embodiment 1 is basically as shown in the appendix Figure 2 : A highway tunnel ventilation control system includes an environmental monitoring module, a data analysis module, and a fan control module that are network-connected to each other; The environmental monitoring module is used to collect the natural wind parameters and pollutant parameters of the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel. The natural wind parameters include the natural wind speed and direction, and the pollutant parameters include the tunnel CO concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration, and smoke concentration; The data analysis module includes a natural wind analysis unit, a pollutant analysis unit, and a data adjustment unit. The natural wind analysis unit is used to analyze the natural wind increment in the tunnel based on the wind speed and direction. The natural wind increment includes the upstream natural wind increment and the downstream natural wind increment - ;

[0028] Among them, A is the cross-sectional area of the tunnel, is the average natural wind speed, is the angle between the natural wind and the tunnel axis. If the direction of the natural wind is consistent with the tunnel direction, then cos𝜃 = 1; if it is in the opposite direction, then cos𝜃 = -1.

[0029] The pollutant analysis unit is used to calculate the required air volumes Qc, Qn, and Qy for diluting CO, nitrogen oxides, and smoke respectively according to the pollutant parameters of different tunnels collected and according to the existing required air volume calculation model; and select the three highest data values as the required air volume of the tunnel ; The required air volume of the tunnel includes the required air volume of the upstream tunnel , the required air volume of the downstream tunnel ; The required air volumes for different pollutants are different. Usually, the required air volume for diluting nitrogen oxides is greater than the required air volumes for diluting CO and smoke. Therefore, the required air volume that satisfies CO and smoke may not necessarily meet the demand for diluting nitrogen oxides. Therefore, by selecting the highest value among Qc, Qn, and Qy as the required air volume of the tunnel can meet the dilution requirements of all pollutants.

[0030] The data adjustment unit is used to calculate the change in the natural wind of the two sides of the tunnel after the upstream transverse channel fan is turned on when the upstream natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the adjusted upstream natural wind increment and downstream natural wind increment according to the change in the natural wind; and calculate the required air volume of the adjusted upstream tunnel and the required air volume of the downstream tunnel respectively according to the following formula;

[0031]

[0032] Among them respectively represent the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel after adjustment; 、 respectively represent the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel before adjustment; represents the increment of natural wind; represents the air volume of the fan in the transverse channel, represents the gain coefficient, obtained by actual measurement and calculation.

[0033] The data adjustment unit is also used to calculate the change in natural wind on both sides of the tunnel after the fan in the downward transverse channel is turned on when the increment of downward natural wind is negative, and obtain the increment of upward natural wind and the increment of downward natural wind adjusted according to the change in natural wind; and calculate the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel after adjustment according to the following formulas respectively;

[0034]

[0035] The fan control module is used to calculate the number of tunnel fans to be turned on according to the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel after adjustment; the number of tunnel fans to be turned on includes the number of upward fans to be turned on and the number of downward fans to be turned on; and control the start and stop of the tunnel fans according to the number of tunnel fans to be turned on.

[0036] Taking the case where the natural wind direction is consistent with the exhaust direction of the upward tunnel as an example, that is, the natural wind flows from the inlet end of the upward tunnel to the outlet end of the upward tunnel, but is opposite to the exhaust wind direction of the downward tunnel; the natural wind is a boost for the upward tunnel and a resistance for the downward tunnel. To reduce the influence of the natural wind on the downward tunnel, the fan in the downward transverse air duct is turned on, so as to draw the air at the inlet end of the upward tunnel to the outlet end of the downward tunnel, thereby reducing the increase in natural wind in the upward tunnel and the natural wind resistance of the downward tunnel; let the air volume of this fan be Qh, and the gain coefficient of the fan in the transverse air duct be , obtained by actual measurement and calculation, then the change in upward natural wind is ,the change in downward natural wind is ; then the adjusted increment of upward natural wind and the increment of downward natural wind are respectively , ; The required air volume of the upward tunnel after correction is obtained according to the adjusted increment of upward natural wind in the upward tunnel;

[0037] The required air volume of the downward tunnel is obtained according to the adjusted increment of the upward natural wind, and the required air volume of the corrected downward tunnel is;

[0038] The number of tunnel fans S turned on is calculated in the following way;

[0039] Among them, represents the air volume of a single fan, is the fan efficiency, and Q is respectively substituted into or to calculate the number of upward fans turned on and the number of downward fans turned on.

[0040] The same parts of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 will not be described in detail. The differences are that the environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple high-speed gantries leading to the tunnel, and collect the vehicle types and the number of vehicles corresponding to different vehicle types. The vehicle types include new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; The data analysis module further includes a prediction unit. The prediction unit is used to calculate the change rates of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration within a preset future time according to the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles. The preset time is the average time for vehicles to travel from the vehicle lane to the tunnel entrance at each high-speed gantry; the CO concentration difference and the nitrogen oxide concentration difference are calculated through the following formulas respectively;

[0041]

[0042] Among them, , , respectively represent the CO emission rates of small cars and large cars, , respectively represent the nitrogen oxide emission rates of small cars and large cars, represents the effective volume of the tunnel, , respectively represent the numbers of small cars and large cars, t represents the average time for vehicles to pass through the tunnel, , respectively represent the CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration in the current tunnel.

[0043] The pollutant analysis unit is also used to calculate the change in the required air volume of the tunnel according to the change rates of the CO concentration and the nitrogen oxide concentration; the environmental monitoring module is also used to collect the meteorological data of the tunnel, and the meteorological data includes the predicted wind speed and wind direction data within a preset future time. The natural wind analysis unit is also used to obtain the change in the natural wind increment according to the predicted wind speed and wind direction data; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number according to the change in the natural wind increment and the change in the required air volume of the tunnel, and turn on or off the fans with the fan difference number in advance for a set time; the set time is less than the preset time.

[0044] Since the distance between the gantry and the tunnel entrance is usually 1.5 Km - 3 Km, and the time taken to travel from the gantry to the tunnel entrance is usually 1 min - 2 min, 1.5 min is selected in this embodiment, and the set time range is selected as 10 s - 25 s, and 15 s is selected in this embodiment.

[0045] Since new energy vehicles in the traffic flow do not increase additional pollutant emissions, when calculating the difference in CO concentration and the difference in nitrogen oxide concentration , only the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles is considered; thus, the change in the required air volume of the tunnel is obtained; and the predicted wind speed and wind direction data of the natural wind are predicted through the meteorological data to obtain the change in the natural wind increment; furthermore, the fan difference number is calculated based on the change in the natural wind and the change in the required air volume of the tunnel; and the number of fans turned on in the tunnel is adjusted in advance. Combining meteorological forecasts and traffic flow predictions, the ventilation strategy is adjusted in advance, thereby reducing the number of fan starts and stops and avoiding excessive wear. When the change trend of the pollutant concentration is increasing, that is 、 is a positive number, then the fan difference number is the number of fans that need to be increased. By turning on the fans that need to be increased in advance, the ventilation volume in the tunnel can be increased in advance, thereby reducing the pollutant concentration in the tunnel and delaying the growth rate of the pollutant concentration in the tunnel; since the number of fans has been adjusted in advance to meet the required air volume for the increased pollutant concentration, the pollutant concentration in the tunnel can be effectively prevented from exceeding the limit. Secondly, when the change trend of the pollutant concentration is decreasing, that is 、 is a negative number, then the fan difference number is the number of fans that need to be reduced. By reducing the number of fans to be turned on in advance, the energy consumption of the tunnel fans can be reduced on the premise of meeting the ventilation requirements.

[0046] The same parts of Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 will not be described in detail. The differences are that the prediction unit is also used to calculate the traffic flow change rate according to the total traffic flow, and the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the adjustment index according to the traffic flow change rate, the total traffic flow of large vehicles in the vehicle, and the total traffic flow of small fuel vehicles, and calculate the change in the required air volume of the tunnel based on the adjustment index; the change in the required air volume of the tunnel The calculation formula is as follows, represents the required air volume of the current tunnel;

[0047] adjustment index The calculation method is as follows;

[0048] Among them, and and respectively represent the total traffic volume, the total volume of small vehicles, and the total volume of large vehicles at the predicted time t, and and respectively represent the current total traffic volume, the total volume of small vehicles, and the total volume of large vehicles, represents the emission weight ratio of large vehicles to small vehicles, represents the traffic flow influence coefficient, which is calibrated through actual measurement.

[0049] The magnitude of the traffic flow will affect the piston effect of vehicle movement in the tunnel; in this solution, the emission influence factor of pollutants is calculated through the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles, and the total traffic flow influence factor is obtained based on the total traffic volume after adding new energy vehicles combined with the traffic flow influence coefficient. Thus, based on the above two influence factors, the dynamic adjustment index of the number of vehicles changing with time is obtained through integral operation . Since the current usage of new energy vehicles is increasing, and new energy vehicles do not additionally increase pollutant emissions, the traditional calculation method of inferring the pollutant change rate based on traffic flow and then predicting the ventilation demand has a large error and is no longer applicable to the current situation. In this solution, by distinguishing the independent influences of pollutant emissions and traffic flow, the adjustment index is obtained to optimize the fan operation strategy. When the proportion of new energy vehicles in the traffic flow increases, the ventilation demand can be significantly reduced; and combined with the predicted traffic flow data, the ventilation volume is dynamically adjusted to balance safety and energy consumption.

[0050] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics known in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The protection scope required by this application should be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A highway tunnel ventilation control system, characterized in that: It includes an environment monitoring module, a data analysis module and a fan control module which are interconnected through a network; The environmental monitoring module is used to collect natural wind parameters and pollutant parameters of the up tunnel and the down tunnel. The natural wind parameters include natural wind speed and wind direction, and the pollutant parameters include tunnel CO concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration and smoke concentration; The data analysis module includes a natural wind analysis unit, a pollutant analysis unit, and a data adjustment unit. The natural wind analysis unit is used to analyze the natural wind increment in the tunnel according to the wind speed and wind direction. The natural wind increment includes an upward natural wind increment and a downward natural wind increment. The pollutant analysis unit calculates the required air volume of the tunnels according to the pollutant parameters collected from different tunnels, and the required air volume of the tunnels includes the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel; the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the natural wind change of the tunnels on both sides after the upward transverse channel fan is turned on when the upward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel according to the following formulas; in They represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel after adjustment respectively; , They respectively represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel before adjustment; Indicates the natural wind increment; Indicates the fan air volume in the transverse channel, represents the gain factor, Calculated based on actual measurements; The data adjustment unit is also used to calculate the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the downward transverse channel fan is turned on when the downward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formulas; The fan control module is used to calculate the number of tunnel fan openings according to the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel, the number of tunnel fan openings includes the number of upward fan openings and the number of downward fan openings; and control the start and stop of the tunnel fan according to the number of tunnel fan openings; The environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple high-speed gantries leading to the tunnel, and collect vehicle types and vehicle numbers corresponding to different vehicle types, and the vehicle types include new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the data analysis module also includes a prediction unit, which is used to calculate the vehicle flow change rate according to the total vehicle flow, and the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the adjustment index according to the vehicle flow change rate, the total number of medium and large vehicle flows, and the total number of small fuel vehicle flows, and calculate the change in the required air volume of the tunnel based on the adjustment index; Change in required air volume in tunnel The calculation formula is as follows, Indicates the current tunnel required air volume; Adjustment Index The calculation method is as follows; in, , , They represent the total traffic volume, the total small traffic volume, and the total large traffic volume at the prediction time t, respectively. , , They represent the total current traffic volume, the total small vehicle traffic volume, and the total large vehicle traffic volume. represents the emission weight ratio of large vehicles to small vehicles, It represents the nonlinear influence coefficient of vehicle flow on ventilation demand and is calibrated through actual measurement.

2. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollutant analysis unit calculates the required air volumes Qc, Qn, and Qy for diluting CO, nitrogen oxides, and smoke respectively, and selects the highest values ​​of the three data as the required air volumes of the tunnel.

3. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prediction unit is also used to calculate the change rate of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration within a preset time in the future according to the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the pollutant analysis unit is also used to calculate the change of the required air volume in the tunnel according to the change rate of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number according to the change of the required air volume in the tunnel, and set the time to turn on or off the fan in advance according to the fan difference number.

4. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The CO concentration difference in the prediction unit , NOx concentration difference Calculate by the following formulas respectively; in, , , represent the CO emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, , represent the nitrogen oxide emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, represents the effective volume of the tunnel, , represent the number of small cars and large cars respectively, T represents the average time it takes for a vehicle to pass through a tunnel, , They represent the current CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration in the tunnel respectively.

5. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental monitoring module is also used to collect meteorological data of the tunnel, and the meteorological data includes predicted wind speed and wind direction data within a preset time in the future. The natural wind analysis unit is also used to obtain the natural wind increment change based on the predicted wind speed and wind direction data; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number based on the natural wind increment change and the tunnel required air volume change, and set the time in advance to start or close the fan with the fan difference number.

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