Safety valve assembly, passive safety system, reactor building and valve opening and closing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety valve assembly, a passive safety system, a reactor building and a valve opening and closing method, the opening and closing of the safety valve assembly can be adjusted through the temperature change of a temperature memory alloy, and the reaction speed and reliability of the safety valve assembly are improved. The safety valve assembly comprises a temperature memory valve and a heat transfer tube. The temperature memory valve comprises a valve body and a temperature memory alloy sheet; the temperature memory alloy piece is arranged on the valve body and used for generating deformation according to the temperature change of the temperature memory alloy piece so as to control the valve body to be connected or disconnected. One end of the heat transfer pipe extends into a main pipeline of a loop system of the reactor, and the other end of the heat transfer pipe is connected with a temperature memory alloy sheet of the temperature memory valve and is used for conducting the temperature of a coolant in the main pipeline to the temperature memory alloy sheet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power safety, and particularly relates to a safety valve assembly, a passive safety system, a reactor building, and a method for opening and closing a valve. Background Art

[0002] With the development of human society, the amount of energy required by industries is becoming increasingly huge, and thus the consumption of conventional energy is also increasing rapidly, leading to the current situation of energy shortage. Among many alternative energy sources, nuclear energy is an industrial energy source with development potential and can be used on a large scale. Since the 1950s, the electricity generated by nuclear power plants has accounted for 16% of the total world electricity generation. International experience has proved that nuclear power is a new type of energy that is economic, safe, reliable, and clean.

[0003] In nuclear power plants, valves are widely used and numerous in quantity. Valves can be used to regulate the pressure and flow rate of system media, and also have functions such as isolating flow, diverting flow, and changing the flow direction, which are directly related to the normal and safe operation of nuclear power plants and play an extremely important role in the safe operation of nuclear power plants. In current nuclear power designs, there are various types of valves and their devices, which have played a great role from manual to electric, and from active to passive.

[0004] However, manual valves have problems such as slow reaction speed and low efficiency because they need to be opened and closed manually; electric valves include a valve body and an electric actuator, with a complex structure, and because they need to be controlled by an electric signal, the electric signal may be irradiated and interfered in the reactor, resulting in misoperation of the electric valve, thus leading to low reliability of the electric valve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a safety valve assembly, a passive safety system, a reactor building, and a method for opening and closing a valve in view of the above deficiencies existing in the prior art, which can adjust the opening and closing of the safety valve assembly through the temperature change of a shape memory alloy, and improve the reaction speed and reliability of the safety valve assembly.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a safety valve assembly, which includes a temperature memory valve and a heat transfer pipe. The temperature memory valve includes a valve body and a shape memory alloy sheet; the shape memory alloy sheet is arranged on the valve body and is used to generate deformation according to its own temperature change to control the conduction or cutoff of the valve body. One end of the heat transfer pipe extends into the main pipe of the primary loop system of the reactor, and the other end is connected to the shape memory alloy sheet of the temperature memory valve, and is used to conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipe to the shape memory alloy sheet.

[0007] In some embodiments, the valve body includes a valve body and a valve head. A flow channel is formed inside the valve body. The valve head is movably arranged in the valve body and is used to conduct or block the flow channel. One end of the shape memory alloy sheet is fixed on the valve body, and the other end is connected to the valve head; when the temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet rises to the phase transition temperature, it can drive the valve head to move in a first direction to conduct the flow channel, and when its temperature drops below the phase transition temperature, it can drive the valve head to move in a second direction to block the flow channel; the first direction and the second direction are two opposite directions.

[0008] In some embodiments, the safety valve assembly further includes a data collector, a digital twin system, and a heating component. The data collector is arranged on the primary loop system of the reactor and is used to collect the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor and transmit the collected real-time operating state data to the digital twin system. The digital twin system is electrically connected to the data collector and is used to simulate and predict the operating state of the primary loop system of the reactor according to the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor, and when it is predicted that there is a risk of abnormal temperature rise in the primary loop system of the reactor, it sends a control signal to the heating component. The heating component is arranged on the part of the heat transfer tube outside the main pipeline of the primary loop system of the reactor and is electrically connected to the digital twin system and is used to generate heat to achieve temperature rise after receiving the control signal; after the heat generated by the heating component is conducted to the shape memory alloy sheet through the heat transfer tube, it can make the temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet rise to its phase transition temperature, so that the shape memory alloy sheet drives the valve head to conduct the flow channel.

[0009] In some embodiments, the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor includes the pressure, flow rate, and temperature data of the primary loop system of the reactor. The data collector includes multiple sensors, and the multiple sensors include a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor, and a temperature sensor; the pressure sensor is arranged on the primary loop system of the reactor and is used to collect the pressure data of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor; the flow rate sensor is arranged on the primary loop system of the reactor and is used to collect the flow rate data of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor; the temperature sensor is arranged on the primary loop system of the reactor and is used to collect the temperature data of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the heat transfer tube is filled with a thermosensitive heat conducting sheet.

[0011] In some embodiments, the heat transfer tube is also filled with a photosensitive heat conducting sheet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the material of the shape memory alloy sheet is TiNi alloy or CoCr alloy.

[0013] Therefore, the safety valve assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention can make the temperature memory alloy sheet deform according to its own temperature change to control the conduction or shutoff of the valve body by setting a temperature memory valve and making the temperature memory alloy sheet of the temperature memory valve be set on the valve body; by setting a heat transfer tube and making one end of the heat transfer tube extend into the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system and the other end connected to the temperature memory alloy sheet of the temperature memory valve, the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline can be transferred to the temperature memory alloy sheet, so that the temperature memory alloy sheet is deformed according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline to control the conduction or shutoff of the valve body. Because the temperature memory alloy sheet has the advantages of rapid response, good reusability and high control accuracy, the safety valve assembly in this embodiment can automatically shut down or open quickly and accurately according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline, improve the reaction speed and reliability of the safety valve assembly, and solve the problem of malfunction when the existing electric valve is controlled by electrical signals; and compared with the existing electric valve, the safety valve assembly in this embodiment only includes the valve body and the temperature memory alloy sheet, and has the characteristics of simple structure.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a passive safety system, which includes a safety water tank, a water pipeline, and the safety valve assembly in the first aspect. The safety water tank is used to store cooling water. One end of the water pipeline is connected to the safety water tank, and the other end extends into the interior of the pressure vessel. When the water pipeline is connected, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be transported to the interior of the pressure vessel to cool down the core inside the pressure vessel. The safety valve assembly is arranged on the water pipeline to control the on and off of the water pipeline to determine whether to transport cooling water to the interior of the pressure vessel.

[0015] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a reactor building, the reactor building comprising a containment, a reactor primary loop system and the passive safety system in the second aspect. The reactor primary loop system is arranged in the containment. The passive safety system is arranged in the containment.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a core temperature control method for a reactor primary loop system, the method adopts the non-passive safety system in the second aspect, and the method comprises: when the reactor primary loop system is in operation, the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system is transferred to the temperature memory alloy sheet through a heat transfer tube, so that the temperature memory alloy sheet is heated up or cooled down; after the temperature memory alloy sheet is heated up or cooled down, it is deformed to control the conduction or shutoff of the valve body, thereby controlling the conduction or shutoff of the water supply pipeline; when the water supply pipeline is controlled to be conducted, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be transported to the pressure vessel through the water supply pipeline to cool the core.

[0017] The passive safety system, reactor building, and core temperature control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the same beneficial effects as the above safety valve assembly, which will not be elaborated here. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the working principle of a safety valve assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 : Structural diagram of a heat transfer tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Wherein, 1 - temperature memory alloy sheet; 2 - heat transfer tube; 3 - valve head; 4 - data collector; 5 - digital twin system; 6 - thermosensitive heat conducting sheet; 7 - photosensitive heat conducting sheet. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1:

[0023] The primary loop system of the reactor is a very important part inside the containment. It mainly consists of equipment such as a pressure vessel, a reactor core, a main pump, a pressurizer, and the primary side of a steam generator, as well as the main pipelines connecting them.

[0024] The primary loop system of the reactor is filled with high-temperature and high-pressure coolant. A large amount of heat is generated in the reactor core. The main pump drives the coolant (water) to flow through the core. After absorbing the heat, the high-temperature and high-pressure coolant is transported to the primary side of the steam generator, where the heat is transferred to the water on the secondary side to generate steam to drive the steam turbine for power generation. The cooled coolant is then sent back to the core, and this cycle repeats.

[0025] When the primary loop system of the reactor is operating normally, the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the core in the primary loop system of the reactor usually remains within a safe temperature range (the temperature range varies depending on the type of core). If the temperature of the coolant continues to rise above this safe temperature range to the threshold temperature, it indicates that the temperature inside the core is too high at this time. To ensure the safety of the core, it is necessary to input cooling water into the core through the safety system for cooling to prevent consequences such as explosion caused by the accumulation of gas in the pressurizer or the containment due to too high core temperature.

[0026] Exemplarily, in a certain type of reactor core, when the reactor primary loop system is operating normally, the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the reactor core within the reactor primary loop system is in the range of 320°C - 330°C. If at a certain moment, the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the reactor core within the reactor primary loop system reaches 350°C, that is, the reactor primary loop system has an abnormal temperature rise, the passive safety system within the reactor will inject cooling water into the reactor core through the water delivery pipeline to cool down the reactor core.

[0027] The prior art mainly controls the on-off of the water delivery pipeline of the passive safety system through manual or electric valves. Because manual valves have problems such as slow response speed and low efficiency, and electric valves have problems with low reliability, the passive safety system cannot inject cooling water into the reactor core through the water delivery pipeline in a timely and accurate manner to cool down the reactor core.

[0028] Based on this, as Figure 1 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a safety valve assembly, which can be applied to the water delivery pipeline of the passive safety system in a reactor and is used to adjust the on or off of the valve body according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the safety valve assembly includes a temperature memory valve and a heat transfer tube 2. The temperature memory valve includes a valve body and a shape memory alloy sheet 1. The shape memory alloy sheet 1 is arranged on the valve body and is used to generate deformation according to its own temperature change to control the on or off of the valve body. One end of the heat transfer tube 2 extends into the interior of the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system, and the other end is connected to the shape memory alloy sheet 1 of the temperature memory valve, and is used to conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the shape memory alloy sheet 1.

[0030] Exemplarily, the temperature memory valve is arranged on the water delivery pipeline of the passive safety system in the reactor.

[0031] Exemplarily, the valve body is a component mainly for completing the on or off of the valve assembly.

[0032] The shape memory alloy sheet is a thin sheet made of a special alloy with a shape memory effect. This alloy sheet has the characteristic of undergoing a shape change at a specific temperature. When the temperature reaches its phase transition temperature, the shape, size or certain physical properties of the alloy sheet will change significantly. The advantages of the shape memory alloy sheet include rapid response, good reusability, high control precision, etc.

[0033] Exemplarily, when the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 rises from below the phase transition temperature to the phase transition temperature, the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 shrinks and its length becomes shorter, thereby controlling the valve body to conduct; when the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 drops from above the phase transition temperature to below the phase transition temperature, the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 elongates and its length returns to the initial length, thereby controlling the valve body to shut off.

[0034] Exemplarily, the material of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 is TiNi alloy or CoCr alloy.

[0035] TiNi alloy or CoCr alloy has the advantages of high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, enabling the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 to work stably in the containment for a long time, thereby increasing the service life of the temperature memory valve and further increasing the service life of the safety valve assembly.

[0036] If the material of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 is different, its corresponding phase transition temperature is also different.

[0037] Therefore, by selecting different materials for the temperature memory alloy sheet 1, the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 of the temperature memory valve can control the conduction or shut-off of the valve body at different temperatures.

[0038] Exemplarily, the material of the heat transfer tube 2 is a material with good thermal conductivity, such as copper, iron, etc.

[0039] Exemplarily, the heat transfer tube 2 extends into the hot section inside the main pipe of the primary loop system of the reactor. The temperature of the coolant in the hot section of the main pipe is closer to the temperature inside the reactor core, so that when the temperature inside the reactor core rises, the heat transfer tube 2 can promptly conduct the temperature inside the reactor core to the temperature memory alloy sheet 1.

[0040] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned temperature memory valve is arranged at a position close to the end of the heat transfer tube 2 extending into the main pipe in the water supply pipe. This can reduce the distance between the temperature memory valve and the end of the heat transfer tube 2 extending into the main pipe, thereby reducing the length of the heat transfer tube 2 and further reducing the temperature conduction distance, enabling the heat transfer tube 2 to conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipe to the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 faster.

[0041] In this way, when the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline rises, the heat transfer pipe 2 can conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the shape memory alloy sheet 1, causing the shape memory alloy sheet 1 to deform to control the valve body to conduct; when the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline drops, the heat transfer pipe 2 can conduct the reduced temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the shape memory alloy sheet 1, causing the shape memory alloy sheet 1 to deform to control the valve body to shut off. Since the shape memory alloy sheet 1 has the advantages of rapid response, good reusability, and high control precision, the safety valve assembly in this embodiment can automatically shut off or open quickly and accurately according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline, improving the reaction speed and reliability of the safety valve assembly and solving the problem of misoperation that occurs when the existing electric valve is controlled by an electric signal; and compared with the existing electric valve, the safety valve assembly in this embodiment only includes a valve body and a shape memory alloy sheet 1, and has the characteristic of simple structure.

[0042] It can be understood that the temperature memory valve of the safety valve assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be arranged on the pressure relief pipeline of the pressurizer to relieve the pressure of the pressurizer according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline.

[0043] Or, the temperature memory valve of the safety valve assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be arranged on other devices that need to be opened or closed according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline.

[0044] Therefore, the safety valve assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by setting a temperature memory valve and arranging the shape memory alloy sheet 1 of the temperature memory valve on the valve body, can cause the shape memory alloy sheet 1 to deform according to its own temperature change to control the conduction or shut-off of the valve body; by setting the heat transfer pipe 2 and making one end of the heat transfer pipe 2 extend into the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system and the other end be connected to the shape memory alloy sheet 1 of the temperature memory valve, the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline can be conducted to the shape memory alloy sheet 1, so that the shape memory alloy sheet 1 deforms according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline to control the conduction or shut-off of the valve body. Since the shape memory alloy sheet 1 has the advantages of rapid response, good reusability, and high control precision, the safety valve assembly in this embodiment can automatically shut off or open quickly and accurately according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline, improving the reaction speed and reliability of the safety valve assembly and solving the problem of misoperation that occurs when the existing electric valve is controlled by an electric signal; and compared with the existing electric valve, the safety valve assembly in this embodiment only includes a valve body and a shape memory alloy sheet 1, and has the characteristic of simple structure.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the valve body includes a valve body and a valve head 3. A flow channel is formed inside the valve body. The valve head 3 is movably arranged in the valve body and is used to conduct or block the flow channel. One end of the shape memory alloy sheet 1 is fixed on the valve body, and the other end is connected to the valve head 3; the shape memory alloy sheet 1 can drive the valve head 3 to move in the first direction when its temperature rises to the phase transition temperature to conduct the flow channel, and drive the valve head 3 to move in the second direction when its temperature drops below the phase transition temperature to block the flow channel; the first direction and the second direction are two opposite directions.

[0046] It can be understood that when the flow channel is conducted, the liquid can flow through the valve body, and the valve body is in the conducting state; when the flow channel is blocked, the liquid cannot flow through the valve body, and the valve body is in the off state.

[0047] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 shown, the working principle of the shape memory alloy sheet 1 and the valve head 3 is: in the initial state, the valve head 3 blocks the flow channel inside the valve body. Figure 1 In, the first direction is the upward direction, and the second direction is the downward direction.

[0048] When the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline rises to the phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 1, the heat transfer tube 2 can conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the shape memory alloy sheet 1, causing the shape memory alloy sheet 1 to deform and its length to become shorter, driving the valve head 3 to move downward. The valve head 3 no longer blocks the flow channel inside the valve body, and the flow channel is conducted, making the valve body in the conducting state.

[0049] When the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline drops to the phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 1, the heat transfer tube 2 can conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the shape memory alloy sheet 1, causing the shape memory alloy sheet 1 to deform and its length to recover and become longer, driving the valve head 3 to move upward, blocking the flow channel inside the valve body by the valve head 3, and the valve body is in the off state.

[0050] Through the above settings, by driving the valve head 3 to move by the shape memory alloy sheet 1, the adjustment of the conducting state or off state of the valve body can be realized.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the safety valve assembly further includes a data collector 4, a digital twin system 5, and a heating component. The data collector 4 is disposed on the primary loop system of the reactor and is used to collect the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor and transmit the collected real-time operating state data to the digital twin system 5. The digital twin system 5 is electrically connected to the data collector 4 and is used to simulate and predict the operating state of the primary loop system of the reactor according to the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor, and send a control signal to the heating component when it is predicted that there is a risk of abnormal temperature rise in the primary loop system of the reactor. The heating component is disposed on the part of the heat transfer tube 2 outside the main pipeline of the primary loop system of the reactor and is electrically connected to the digital twin system 5 and is used to generate heat to achieve temperature rise after receiving the control signal; after the heat generated by the heating component is conducted to the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 through the heat transfer tube 2, the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 can be raised to its phase change temperature, so that the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 drives the valve stem 3 to conduct the flow channel.

[0052] Exemplarily, the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor may include: the working states of various devices in the primary loop system of the reactor, the real-time pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc. of the coolant in the main pipeline.

[0053] Digital twin uses data such as physical models, sensor updates, and operation history to map physical objects in a virtual environment in a digital form, and reflects its entire life cycle process through the twin body. A comprehensive real-time or quasi-real-time connection can be established between the physical object and the digital twin body, so that the operating state of the physical object can be reflected in the virtual space in real time and accurately, realizing two-way information flow, and the physical object can be accurately controlled by using the feedback mechanism of information. Digital twin can manage physical objects in a virtual environment. Through continuous iteration and optimization, it can reduce personnel input, improve efficiency, and save costs.

[0054] It can be understood that the digital twin system 5 in this embodiment is a system capable of performing digital twin on the primary loop system of the reactor. For example, the digital twin system 5 is a computer system capable of realizing digital twin.

[0055] After the digital twin system 5 obtains the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor through the data collector 4 (refer to the data transmission in Figure 1 ), it can simulate the operating state of the primary loop system of the reactor inside it, and update the operating state of the primary loop system of the reactor in real time, and predict the subsequent operating state change of the primary loop system of the reactor according to the real-time operating state data of the primary loop system of the reactor.

[0056] Exemplarily, the abnormal temperature rise risk predicted by the digital twin system 5 in the primary reactor coolant system may be that the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the core in the primary reactor coolant system reaches the threshold temperature.

[0057] For example, in a certain type of core as described above, according to the prediction of the digital twin system 5, the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the core in the primary reactor coolant system will reach 350 °C. At this time, the digital twin system 5 sends a control signal to the heating component (refer to the result feedback in Figure 1 .

[0058] Exemplarily, the heating component is an electric heating component.

[0059] After receiving the control signal, the heating component generates heat and raises the temperature. The heat transfer tube 2 also conducts the temperature of the heating component to the shape memory alloy sheet 1 to raise the temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 1; when the temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 1 rises to its phase change temperature, the shape memory alloy sheet 1 acts to drive the valve head 3 to conduct the flow channel, and the valve body is conducted.

[0060] Compared with the case where the coolant temperature rises to the threshold temperature and then is conducted to the shape memory alloy sheet 1 through the heat transfer tube 2 to control the valve body to be conducted by the shape memory alloy sheet 1, in this embodiment, by setting the digital twin system 5, when the coolant temperature does not rise to the threshold temperature (for example, only rises to 340 °C), but it is predicted that there is an abnormal temperature rise risk in the primary reactor coolant system, the heating component can be made to generate heat in advance to conduct the valve body, so as to inject cooling water into the core in advance to cool the core, and finally the risk of explosion caused by the accumulation of gas in the pressurizer or the containment vessel when the coolant temperature rises to the threshold temperature can be reduced, thereby realizing the intelligent management and future prediction of the digital twin system 5 and performing preventive operations.

[0061] In some embodiments, the real-time operating state data of the primary reactor coolant system includes the pressure, flow rate, and temperature data of the primary reactor coolant system. The data collector 4 includes multiple sensors, and the multiple sensors include a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor, and a temperature sensor. The pressure sensor is arranged on the primary reactor coolant system for collecting the pressure data of the coolant in the primary reactor coolant system; the flow rate sensor is arranged on the primary reactor coolant system for collecting the flow rate data of the coolant in the primary reactor coolant system; the temperature sensor is arranged on the primary reactor coolant system for collecting the temperature data of the coolant in the primary reactor coolant system.

[0062] Exemplarily, the number of the above-mentioned pressure sensors, flow rate sensors, and temperature sensors can all be multiple, and the multiple pressure sensors, multiple flow rate sensors, and multiple temperature sensors are distributed at different positions in the primary reactor coolant system to detect the pressure, flow rate, and temperature data at different positions.

[0063] For example, multiple pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the outlet of the pressure vessel, the inlets and outlets of the steam generator, the outlet of the main pump, and on the pressurizer.

[0064] Multiple flow sensors are respectively arranged at the inlets and outlets of the reactor pressure vessel, the inlets and outlets of the main pump, and the inlets and outlets of the steam generator.

[0065] Multiple temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the inlets and outlets of the reactor pressure vessel, the inlets and outlets of the steam generator, the inlets and outlets of the main pump, and on the pressurizer.

[0066] Through the above settings, real-time operation data of the pressure, flow rate, and temperature of the primary loop system of the reactor can be obtained. When these data are transmitted to the digital twin system 5, the digital twin system 5 can use these data to more accurately simulate the operation state of the primary loop system of the reactor, thereby optimizing the accuracy of the digital twin system 5 when predicting the operation state of the primary loop system of the reactor.

[0067] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the heat transfer tube 2 is filled with thermosensitive heat conducting sheets 6.

[0068] The thermosensitive heat conducting sheet 6 is a heat conducting material with special properties, and its characteristic is that its heat conducting performance becomes stronger as the temperature rises.

[0069] For example, the material of the thermosensitive heat conducting sheet 6 can be a phase change material (such as paraffin), a metal oxide (such as vanadium oxide), etc.

[0070] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the heat transfer tube 2 is also filled with photosensitive heat conducting sheets 7.

[0071] The photosensitive heat conducting sheet 7 is sensitive to infrared light and can sense the infrared light emitted by an object to achieve heat conduction.

[0072] Exemplarily, the material of the photosensitive heat conducting sheet 7 can be carbon nanotubes or a composite material of graphene and a photosensitive polymer, etc.

[0073] Through the above settings, the heat conducting performance of the heat transfer tube 2 can be improved, which is beneficial for the heat transfer tube 2 to quickly conduct the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the temperature memory alloy sheet 1, thereby increasing the reaction speed of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 when quickly conducting or shutting off the valve body.

[0074] Embodiment 2:

[0075] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a passive safety system for use in a reactor building, the passive safety system comprising a safety water tank, a water pipeline and the safety valve assembly in Embodiment 1. The safety water tank is used to store cooling water. One end of the water pipeline is connected to the safety water tank, and the other end extends into the interior of the pressure vessel. When the water pipeline is connected, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be transported to the interior of the pressure vessel to cool down the core inside the pressure vessel. The safety valve assembly is arranged on the water pipeline to control the on and off of the water pipeline to determine whether to transport cooling water to the interior of the pressure vessel.

[0076] Exemplarily, the cooling water stored in the safety water tank is boron-containing water.

[0077] Exemplarily, the height of the safety water tank is higher than that of the pressure vessel, so that the cooling water in the safety water tank is automatically injected into the pressure vessel under the action of gravity.

[0078] The passive safety system works as follows:

[0079] When the primary loop system of the reactor is operating normally, the temperature of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor when it flows out of the core is maintained within a safe temperature range (the temperature range varies depending on the core type). At this time, the temperature of the coolant cannot cause the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 to deform, the safety valve assembly is in a closed state, the water supply pipeline is in a shut-off state, and the safety water tank cannot transport cooling water to the interior of the pressure vessel.

[0080] When the primary loop system of the reactor experiences abnormal temperature rise, the temperature of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor when it flows out of the core rises to a threshold temperature (for example, 350°C mentioned above). At this time, the temperature of the coolant can cause the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 to rise to its phase change temperature and deform (for example, its length becomes longer) and act, so that the valve body is turned on, the safety valve assembly is in a turned-on state, the water pipeline is in a turned-on state, and the cooling water in the safety water tank is transported to the inside of the pressure vessel through the water pipeline, thereby cooling the core inside the pressure vessel to prevent the core temperature from being too high and causing gas accumulation in the pressurizer or containment vessel to cause explosion and other consequences.

[0081] After the temperature of the reactor primary loop system drops again after abnormal heating, the temperature of the coolant in the reactor primary loop system drops when it flows out of the core. At this time, the coolant with the lowered temperature cools the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 to below the phase change temperature and restores the deformation (for example, restores to the length before lengthening), restores the valve body to the closed state, the safety valve assembly is converted to the closed state, the water supply pipeline is converted to the closed state, and the cooling water in the safety water tank is no longer transported to the inside of the pressure vessel through the water supply pipeline.

[0082] Through the above settings, when the coolant in the main pipeline of the primary loop system of the reactor undergoes abnormal temperature rise, the safety valve assembly can be automatically opened to deliver the cooling water in the safety water tank to the inside of the pressure vessel to cool down the reactor core. After the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline of the primary loop system of the reactor decreases, the water delivery pipeline is converted to a shut-off state, so that the on-off of the water delivery pipeline can be automatically controlled according to the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the reactor core in the primary loop system of the reactor, so as to control whether to deliver cooling water to the inside of the pressure vessel, so that when the temperature of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor rises, the reactor core inside the pressure vessel can be automatically cooled down to prevent the reactor core temperature from being too high and causing consequences such as explosion due to the accumulation of gas in the pressurizer or the containment vessel.

[0083] Embodiment 3:

[0084] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a reactor building, which is used in the nuclear power field. The reactor building includes a containment vessel, a primary loop system of the reactor, and the passive safety system in Embodiment 2. The primary loop system of the reactor is arranged inside the containment vessel. The passive safety system is arranged inside the containment vessel.

[0085] The containment vessel is used to provide installation support and protection for the primary loop system of the reactor and the passive safety system inside it.

[0086] The primary loop system of the reactor is composed of equipment such as a pressure vessel, a reactor core, a main pump, a pressurizer, and the primary side of a steam generator, and the main pipelines connecting them.

[0087] By setting the passive safety system, the on-off of the water delivery pipeline can be automatically controlled according to the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the reactor core in the primary loop system of the reactor, so as to control whether to deliver cooling water to the inside of the pressure vessel. Thus, when the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the reactor core in the primary loop system of the reactor rises, the reactor core inside the pressure vessel can be automatically cooled down, thereby preventing the reactor core temperature from being too high and causing consequences such as explosion due to the accumulation of gas in the pressurizer or the containment vessel, and improving the safety of the reactor building.

[0088] Embodiment 4:

[0089] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a reactor core temperature control method, which is used for the primary loop system of the reactor. This method adopts the passive safety system in Embodiment 2. This method includes: when the primary loop system of the reactor is running, the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline of the primary loop system of the reactor is conducted to the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 through the heat transfer tube 2, so that the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 rises or falls in temperature; after the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 rises or falls in temperature, it deforms to control the valve body to conduct or shut off, and further the on-off of the water delivery pipeline. When controlling the water delivery pipeline to conduct, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be delivered to the pressure vessel through the water delivery pipeline to cool down the reactor core.

[0090] For example, the material of the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 is TiNi alloy or CoCr alloy. The material of the heat transfer tube 2 is a material with good thermal conductivity, such as copper, iron, etc.

[0091] When the water pipeline is open, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be transported to the inside of the pressure vessel to cool the core inside the pressure vessel, thereby reducing the temperature of the core. When the water pipeline is closed, the cooling water in the safety water tank cannot be transported to the inside of the pressure vessel, and the temperature of the core remains normal.

[0092] The temperature memory alloy sheet 1 has the advantages of rapid response, good reusability and high control accuracy. After the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system is transmitted to the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 through the heat transfer tube 2, the temperature memory alloy sheet 1 can quickly and accurately control the conduction or shutdown of the valve body according to the temperature change of the coolant in the main pipeline, thereby controlling the on-off of the water supply pipeline, so as to control whether cooling water is delivered to the inside of the pressure vessel to cool the core, thereby realizing the control of the core temperature.

[0093] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety valve assembly, characterized in that: include: A temperature memory valve comprises a valve body and a temperature memory alloy sheet (1); the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) is arranged on the valve body and is used to generate deformation according to its own temperature change to control the conduction or shutoff of the valve body; and, The heat transfer tube (2) has one end extending into the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system and the other end connected to the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) of the temperature memory valve, and is used to transfer the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline to the temperature memory alloy sheet (1).

2. The safety valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve body comprises: a valve body, forming a flow passage therein; and, A valve pressure head (3), movably arranged in the valve body, for opening or blocking the flow channel; One end of the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) is fixed on the valve body, and the other end is connected to the valve pressure head (3); when the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) rises to a phase transition temperature, it can drive the valve pressure head (3) to move in a first direction to open the flow channel, and when the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) drops below the phase transition temperature, it can drive the valve pressure head (3) to move in a second direction to block the flow channel; the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions.

3. The safety valve assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A data collector (4), arranged on the reactor primary loop system, for collecting real-time operating status data of the reactor primary loop system, and transmitting the collected real-time operating status data to the digital twin system (5); A digital twin system (5) is electrically connected to the data collector (4) and is used to simulate and predict the operating state of the reactor primary loop system based on real-time operating state data of the reactor primary loop system, and to send a control signal to a heat generating component when it is predicted that there is a risk of abnormal temperature rise in the reactor primary loop system; and, A heating component is arranged on the portion of the heat transfer tube (2) located outside the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system and is electrically connected to the digital twin system (5) and is used to generate heat to achieve temperature increase after receiving the control signal; after the heat emitted by the heating component is conducted to the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) through the heat transfer tube (2), the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) can be increased to its phase change temperature, thereby causing the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) to drive the valve pressure head (3) to conduct the flow channel.

4. The safety valve assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The real-time operating status data of the reactor primary loop system includes pressure, flow and temperature data of the reactor primary loop system; The data collector (4) includes a plurality of sensors, including a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a temperature sensor; The pressure sensor is arranged on the reactor primary loop system and is used to collect pressure data of the coolant in the reactor primary loop system; The flow sensor is arranged on the reactor primary loop system and is used to collect flow data of coolant in the reactor primary loop system; The temperature sensor is arranged on the primary loop system of the reactor and is used to collect temperature data of the coolant in the primary loop system of the reactor.

5. The safety valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat transfer tube (2) is filled with a heat-sensitive heat-conducting sheet (6).

6. The safety valve assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat transfer tube (2) is also filled with a photosensitive heat conductive sheet (7).

7. The safety valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) is TiNi alloy or CoCr alloy.

8. A passive safety system, characterized in that: include: Safety water tank for storing cooling water; a water delivery pipeline, one end of which is connected to the safety water tank and the other end of which extends into the interior of the pressure vessel, and when the water delivery pipeline is connected, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be delivered to the interior of the pressure vessel to cool the core inside the pressure vessel; and, The safety valve assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is arranged on the water supply pipeline and is used to control the on-off of the water supply pipeline to determine whether cooling water is supplied to the interior of the pressure vessel.

9. A reactor building, characterized in that: include: Containment; A reactor primary loop system is arranged in the containment vessel; and, The passive safety system according to claim 8 is arranged in the containment vessel.

10. A core temperature control method for a reactor primary loop system, characterized in that: Using the passive safety system of claim 8, the method comprises: When the reactor primary loop system is in operation, the temperature of the coolant in the main pipeline of the reactor primary loop system is transferred to the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) through the heat transfer tube (2), so that the temperature of the temperature memory alloy sheet (1) is increased or decreased; The temperature memory alloy sheet (1) deforms after heating or cooling to control the valve body to be turned on or off, thereby controlling the on and off of the water pipeline; When the water delivery pipeline is controlled to be open, the cooling water in the safety water tank can be delivered to the pressure vessel through the water delivery pipeline to cool the core.

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