Unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted ecological system sensible heat flux measuring device

Abstract

The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted ecological system sensible heat flux measuring device which comprises a wind speed measurement sensing part, a probe sleeve, a connecting taper pipe, a conversion pipe section, a temperature acquisition assembly, a sensor module, a tail pipe, a preset pipe, a buffer assembly and an angle adjusting assembly. The wind speed measurement sensing part, the probe sleeve, the connecting taper pipe, the conversion pipe section and the tail pipe are connected in sequence; the wind speed measurement sensing part is connected with a pressure guide joint at the end part of the connecting taper pipe through a pressure guide pipe group in the probe sleeve, and the pressure guide joint is connected with a sensor module in the tail pipe through a pneumatic pipe group in the connecting taper pipe; the free end of the tail pipe is rotatably connected to the free end of the preset pipe; a buffer assembly is arranged at the joint of the tail pipe and the preset pipe. The angle adjusting assembly is installed on the preset pipe, the angle adjusting assembly is in transmission connection with the tail pipe to drive the tail pipe to rotate in the horizontal plane, angle fine adjustment is achieved, and the unmanned aerial vehicle angle adjusting device has the beneficial effects that the monitoring requirement can be met, and the unmanned aerial vehicle angle adjusting device can be suitable for various unmanned aerial vehicle flight attitudes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric measurement, and particularly to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device. Background Art

[0002] Ecosystem sensible heat flux is the main form of heat exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, and is also an important feedback process after terrestrial ecosystems absorb solar radiation energy. It is one of the important factors constituting the surface energy balance. The monitoring and estimation of sensible heat flux are of great significance for research on global climate change, heat island effect, surface energy balance, etc. At present, the monitoring of ecosystem sensible heat flux mainly relies on ground-based tower eddy covariance observation stations, whose covered spatial area is within a range of hundreds of meters, which is extremely limited. It is very difficult to obtain ecosystem sensible heat flux data with regional representativeness. The method of satellite remote sensing inversion can obtain quantitative information on ecosystem sensible heat flux at a large spatial scale. However, the model-based method is usually developed based on certain assumptions, and usually requires surface observation true values consistent with its observation scale to verify its simulation results. However, due to the inconsistency in the observed spatial scales between ground monitoring and remote sensing methods, it is difficult to directly compare the two, which to a certain extent limits the research and development of the ecosystem energy cycle process at the national and basin scales.

[0003] At present, the new ecosystem flux observation technology with an unmanned aerial vehicle as the observation platform has the characteristics of high observation accuracy, large covered spatial range, low cost, high flexibility, etc., and can realize the direct observation of regional ecosystem sensible heat flux. However, at the present stage, there are still many problems with the observation equipment for UAV ecosystem sensible heat flux. On the one hand, most of the observation equipment on the market is imported, and its wind speed measurement and temperature measurement are in a split structure, with low integration, complex structure, high failure rate, and the observation equipment for three-dimensional wind speed and temperature pulsation is heavy, costly, and inefficient, which is not suitable for being carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle. On the other hand, there is no mature technical solution and relevant patent report in China to realize the observation equipment for UAV ecosystem sensible heat flux, which cannot meet the growing monitoring requirements of autonomy and controllability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device, which solves the technical problems that the prior art is not suitable for being carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle and cannot meet the monitoring requirements.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] The present invention provides an airborne drone ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device, which includes a wind speed measurement sensing part, a pressure guiding pipe group, a probe sleeve, a connecting tapered pipe, a conversion pipe section, a temperature acquisition component, a sensor module, a tail pipe, a preset pipe, a buffer component and an angle adjustment component; the wind speed measurement sensing part, the probe sleeve, the connecting tapered pipe, the conversion pipe section and the tail pipe are connected in sequence; the wind speed measurement sensing part is connected through the pressure guiding pipe group inside the probe sleeve and the pressure guiding joint at the end of the connecting tapered pipe, and the pressure guiding joint is connected to the sensor module inside the tail pipe through the pneumatic pipe group inside the connecting tapered pipe via the conversion pipe section; the temperature acquisition component is arranged on the outer side of the connecting tapered pipe, and the temperature acquisition component is connected to the sensor module through the conversion pipe section; the preset pipe is fixed on the drone; the free end of the tail pipe is rotatably connected to the free end of the preset pipe; a buffer component is arranged at the connection of the tail pipe and the preset pipe; the angle adjustment component is installed on the preset pipe, and the angle adjustment component is drivingly connected to the tail pipe to drive the tail pipe to rotate in the horizontal plane to achieve fine angle adjustment.

[0009] Optionally, the wind speed measurement sensing part has two angle of attack differential pressure measurement holes, two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes and one total pressure measurement hole; the two angle of attack differential pressure measurement holes are vertically arranged at the upper and lower positions of the total pressure measurement hole, and the two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes are horizontally arranged on both sides of the total pressure measurement hole; the pressure guiding pipe group is respectively connected to the two angle of attack differential pressure measurement holes, the two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes and one total pressure measurement hole.

[0010] Optionally, the angle adjustment component includes a servo driver and a transmission component; the servo driver is installed inside the preset pipe, and the servo driver is drivingly connected to the tail pipe through the transmission component to drive the tail pipe to rotate in the horizontal plane.

[0011] Optionally, the transmission component includes a worm and a worm gear; the worm is connected to the output shaft of the servo driver, the worm gear is connected to the tail pipe, and the worm is drivingly connected to the worm gear; the servo driver drives the worm to rotate, and the rotation of the worm drives the tail pipe to rotate in the horizontal plane through the worm gear.

[0012] Optionally, the buffer component includes a magnetorheological damper and a universal joint; both ends of the magnetorheological damper are connected to the tail pipe and the conversion pipe through the universal joint.

[0013] Optionally, the sensor module includes a conversion unit, a signal conditioning unit, a data calculation unit and a data storage unit; the pneumatic pipe group is connected to the conversion unit, the conversion unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit, the signal conditioning unit is connected to the data calculation unit, and the data calculation unit is connected to the data storage unit.

[0014] Optionally, the temperature acquisition component includes an atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and an atmospheric total temperature acquisition component; the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component are arranged on the outer side of the connecting tapered pipe, and the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component are connected to the sensor module.

[0015] Optionally, the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component includes a static temperature sensor and a static temperature acquisition cover; the static temperature acquisition cover is installed on the outer side of the connecting conical tube, the static temperature sensor is located inside the static temperature acquisition cover, and the static temperature sensor is connected to the conversion pipe section; a plurality of acquisition holes are uniformly arranged on the static temperature acquisition cover.

[0016] Optionally, the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component includes a total temperature sensor and a radiation shield; the radiation shield is installed on the outer side of the connecting conical tube, the total temperature sensor is located inside the radiation shield, and the total temperature sensor is connected to the conversion pipe section.

[0017] Optionally, the radiation shield includes a cylindrical cover body, a conical cover tail and a connecting plate; the cylindrical cover body and the conical cover tail are communicated to form an acquisition channel in the front-rear direction, and the total temperature sensor is located in the acquisition channel; the acquisition channel is fixed to the outer side of the connecting conical tube through the connecting plate.

[0018] (III) Beneficial effects

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device provided by the present invention, the wind speed measurement sensing part and the probe sleeve cooperate to collect the three-dimensional wind speed and atmospheric pressure parameters of the atmosphere. The wind speed measurement sensing part is connected through the pressure guiding pipe group inside the probe sleeve and the pressure guiding joint at the end of the connecting conical tube, and then is connected to the sensor module through the pneumatic pipe group to ensure the accurate conduction of the pressure signal and provide guarantee for accurately measuring the wind speed. The sensor module can calculate, store and output data according to the collected parameters. The tail pipe is rotatably connected to the preset pipe, and cooperates with the angle adjustment component to realize rotation in the horizontal plane for fine angle adjustment, which is convenient to adjust the angle of the measurement device according to the flight attitude of the UAV and ensure the accuracy of the measurement direction. The buffer component can effectively reduce the influence of the UAV flight vibration on the measurement device, improve the stability of the measurement process, guarantee the quality of the measurement data, and meet the special requirements of UAV carrying. When the UAV attitude changes due to unstable air flow, the angle of the tail pipe can be adjusted through the angle adjustment component to maintain the accuracy and stability of the measurement, ensure the reliable operation of the device, and provide support for long-term, continuous and stable monitoring of the ecosystem sensible heat flux. Description of the drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is the partial structural schematic diagram of a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is the main view of the structure of the wind speed measurement sensing part according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the radiation shield in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the front view of the structure of the radiation shield in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an unmanned aerial vehicle in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027]

Description of the reference numerals

[0028] 1: Airspeed measurement sensing part; 11: Angle of attack differential pressure measurement hole; 12: Sideslip angle differential pressure measurement hole; 13: Total pressure measurement hole; 2: Pressure guiding pipe group; 3: Probe sleeve; 4: Connecting taper pipe; 41: Pressure guiding joint; 5: Conversion pipe; 6: Sensor module; 7: Tail pipe; 8: Preset pipe; 91: Static temperature sensor; 92: Static temperature acquisition cover; 93: Total temperature sensor; 94: Radiation shield; 95: Cylindrical cover body; 96: Conical cover tail; 97: Connecting plate; 10: Flight body. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the specific embodiment of the present invention provides an airborne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device, which includes a wind speed measurement sensing part 1, a pressure guiding pipe group 2, a probe sleeve 3, a connecting taper pipe 4, a conversion pipe section 5, a temperature acquisition component, a sensor module 6, a tail pipe 7, a preset pipe 8, a buffer component and an angle adjustment component; the wind speed measurement sensing part 1, the probe sleeve 3, the connecting taper pipe 4, the conversion pipe section 5 and the tail pipe 7 are connected in sequence; the wind speed measurement sensing part 1 is connected through the pressure guiding pipe group 2 inside the probe sleeve 3 and the pressure guiding joint 41 at the end of the connecting taper pipe 4, and the pressure guiding joint 41 is connected to the sensor module 6 inside the tail pipe 7 through the pneumatic pipe group inside the connecting taper pipe 4 via the conversion pipe section 5; the temperature acquisition component is arranged on the outside of the connecting taper pipe 4, and the temperature acquisition component is connected to the sensor module 6 through the conversion pipe section; the preset pipe 8 is fixed on the unmanned aerial vehicle; the free end of the tail pipe 7 is rotatably connected to the free end of the preset pipe 8; a buffer component is arranged at the connection between the tail pipe 7 and the preset pipe 8; the angle adjustment component is installed on the preset pipe 8, and the angle adjustment component is drivingly connected to the tail pipe 7 to drive the tail pipe 7 to rotate in the horizontal plane to realize fine angle adjustment. In this embodiment, the wind speed measurement sensing part 1 and the probe sleeve 3 are made of stainless steel, and the surface is polished to improve the acquisition effect.

[0032] Specifically, the wind speed measurement sensing part 1 and the probe sleeve 3 cooperate to collect the three-dimensional wind speed and atmospheric pressure parameters of the atmosphere. The wind speed measurement sensing part 1 is connected through the pressure guiding pipe group 2 inside the probe sleeve 3 and the pressure guiding joint 41 at the end of the connecting taper pipe 4, and then connected to the sensor module 6 through the pneumatic pipe group to ensure the accurate transmission of the pressure signal and provide guarantee for the accurate measurement of the wind speed. The sensor module 6 can calculate, store and output data according to the collected parameters. The tail pipe 7 is rotatably connected to the preset pipe 8, and cooperates with the angle adjustment component to realize rotation in the horizontal plane for fine angle adjustment, which is convenient to adjust the angle of the measurement device according to the flight attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle and ensure the accuracy of the measurement direction. The buffer component can effectively reduce the influence of the flight vibration of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the measurement device, improve the stability of the measurement process, guarantee the quality of the measurement data, and meet the special requirements of being carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle. When the attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle changes due to unstable air flow, the angle of the tail pipe 7 can be adjusted through the angle adjustment component to maintain the accuracy and stability of the measurement, ensure the reliable operation of the device, and provide support for the long-term, continuous and stable monitoring of the ecosystem sensible heat flux.

[0033] Further, as Figures 1-3As shown in the figure, there are two angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement holes 11, two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes 12 and one total pressure measurement hole 13 on the wind speed measurement sensing part 1, which can comprehensively and accurately measure the wind speed and wind direction information of the atmosphere. The two angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement holes 11 are vertically arranged above and below the total pressure measurement hole 13, and the two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes 12 are horizontally arranged on both sides of the total pressure measurement hole 13. The angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement holes 11 can measure the wind speed difference in the up and down directions, the sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes 12 can measure the wind speed difference in the horizontal direction, and the total pressure measurement hole 13 can obtain the total pressure of the atmosphere. The pressure guiding tube group 2 is respectively connected to the two angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement holes 11, the two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes 12 and one total pressure measurement hole 13. Further, in this embodiment, the probe sleeve 3 and the wind speed measurement sensing part 1 are sealed and connected to prevent external air leakage from affecting the measurement results and ensure the reliability and stability of the measurement data. A plurality of atmospheric static pressure measurement holes evenly distributed on the side surface of the probe sleeve 3 can be used to measure the static pressure of the atmosphere.

[0034] Further, the angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement hole 11 above the total pressure measurement hole 13 is the first measurement hole, the sideslip angle differential pressure measurement hole 12 on the right side of the total pressure measurement hole 13 is the second measurement hole, the angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement hole 11 below the total pressure measurement hole 13 is the third measurement hole, and the sideslip angle differential pressure measurement hole 12 on the left side of the total pressure measurement hole 13 is the second measurement hole. The origin of the relative wind speed measurement coordinate system is the total pressure measurement hole 13, the y-axis points to the second measurement hole, and the z-axis points to the first measurement hole, forming a right-handed coordinate system. The angle of attack of the oncoming flow wind speed is positive when it points to the second measurement hole, and the sideslip angle of the oncoming flow wind speed is positive when it points to the fourth measurement hole. In this embodiment, the two angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement holes 11, the two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes 12 and one total pressure measurement hole 13 are arranged at the probe of the wind speed measurement sensing part. The diameter of the probe is 11 mm, and the diameters of the angle-of-attack differential pressure measurement holes 11 and the sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes 12 are 0.8 mm.

[0035] Further, in this embodiment, the angle adjustment component includes a servo driver and a transmission component; the servo driver is installed in the preset pipe 8, and the servo driver is drivingly connected to the tail pipe 7 through the transmission component to drive the tail pipe 7 to rotate in the horizontal plane. Specifically, the transmission component includes a worm and a worm gear; the worm is connected to the output shaft of the servo driver, the turbine is connected to the tail pipe 7, and the worm is drivingly connected to the turbine; the servo driver drives the worm to rotate, and the rotation of the worm drives the tail pipe 7 to rotate in the horizontal plane through the turbine. By drivingly connecting the transmission component with the tail pipe 7, the tail pipe 7 can be driven to rotate at an accurate angle in the horizontal plane. The angle of the tail pipe 7 can be adjusted in real time according to the actual conditions such as the flight attitude and wind direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle, ensuring that the wind speed measurement sensing part 1 is always in the best measurement position, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the measurement. The servo driver has the characteristics of high precision and precise control; the transmission component composed of a worm and a worm gear has the advantages of large transmission ratio, stable transmission, low noise, etc., and the worm and worm gear transmission usually has a self-locking characteristic. When the tail pipe 7 is adjusted to the appropriate angle, the position of the tail pipe 7 can be automatically locked to prevent the tail pipe 7 from deviating in angle due to external interference (such as air flow impact), further improving the stability and measurement accuracy of the measurement device.

[0036] Further, in this embodiment, the buffer component includes a magnetorheological damper and a universal joint; both ends of the magnetorheological damper are connected to the tail pipe 7 and the conversion pipe section 5 through the universal joint. The magnetorheological damper can adjust the magnitude of the damping force by changing the rheological characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid inside it according to the magnitude and frequency of external vibrations. During the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the magnetorheological damper can effectively absorb and buffer the vibration energy, reduce the impact of vibrations on the measurement device, protect the internal precision components, and improve the reliability and service life of the device. The universal joint allows a certain angle of rotation and swing, so that while the magnetorheological damper buffers the vibrations, it does not limit the relative movement between the tail pipe 7 and the conversion pipe section 5, ensuring the normal operation of the measurement device in different postures.

[0037] Further, in this embodiment, the sensor module 6 includes a conversion unit, a signal conditioning unit, a data calculation unit, and a data storage unit; the pneumatic tube group is connected to the conversion unit, the conversion unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit, the signal conditioning unit is connected to the data calculation unit, and the data calculation unit is connected to the data storage unit. The temperature acquisition component is connected to the signal conditioning unit. The conversion unit is an absolute pressure and differential pressure sensor array, which can convert the pressure signals of the total pressure, static pressure, angle of attack differential pressure, and sideslip angle differential pressure transmitted by the pneumatic tube group into voltage analog signals and transmit the voltage analog signals to the signal conditioning unit. The signal conditioning unit can amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the voltage analog signals transmitted by the conversion unit and the atmospheric static temperature and total temperature analog signals acquired by the temperature acquisition component, and then transmit them to the data calculation unit; the data calculation unit can calculate the acquired pressure and differential pressure data into parameters such as dynamic pressure, static pressure, relative wind speed, atmospheric static temperature, wind speed angle of attack, and sideslip angle according to Bernoulli's equation and potential flow theory, combined with the wind tunnel calibration results. The data calculation unit stores the calculated results and the original acquired data for convenient subsequent reference and further research. In this embodiment, the sensor module 6 is also provided with a data output unit and a system power supply unit. The data calculation unit is connected to the data output unit to facilitate the output of various data processed by the data calculation unit through relevant protocols. The system power supply unit is respectively connected to the conversion unit, the signal conditioning unit, the data calculation unit, and the data storage unit to provide power for the stable operation of each unit.

[0038] Further, in this embodiment, the temperature acquisition component includes an atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and an atmospheric total temperature acquisition component; the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component are arranged on the outer side of the connecting cone tube 4, and the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component are connected to the sensor module 6. Specifically, the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component are connected to the signal conditioning unit in the sensor module 6. The atmospheric static temperature reflects the temperature of the atmosphere in a static state, while the atmospheric total temperature includes the heat energy converted from the kinetic energy brought by the movement of the atmosphere. Collecting these two temperature information simultaneously can more comprehensively understand the thermal state of the atmosphere and provide more accurate temperature data for the calculation of the sensible heat flux of the ecosystem. Arranging the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component and the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component on the outer side of the connecting cone tube 4 enables them to directly contact the atmosphere and more truly reflect the temperature of the atmosphere.

[0039] Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the atmospheric static temperature acquisition component includes a static temperature sensor 91 and a static temperature acquisition cover 92; the static temperature acquisition cover 92 is installed on the outer side of the connecting conical pipe 4, the static temperature sensor 91 is located inside the static temperature acquisition cover 92, and the static temperature sensor 91 is connected to the conversion pipe section 5; a plurality of acquisition holes are evenly arranged on the static temperature acquisition cover 92, which can enable the outside air to flow into the inside of the static temperature acquisition cover 92 evenly and make full contact with the static temperature sensor 91. The static temperature acquisition cover 92 can reduce the influence of external factors on the static temperature measurement, ensure that the static temperature sensor 91 can accurately measure the static temperature of the atmosphere; and can provide a certain protection for the static temperature sensor 91, prevent the sensor from being collided and damaged by external objects, and extend the service life of the sensor.

[0040] Further, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown in the figure, the atmospheric total temperature acquisition component includes a total temperature sensor 93 and a radiation shield 94; the radiation shield 94 is installed on the outer side of the connecting conical pipe 4, the total temperature sensor 93 is located inside the radiation shield 94, and the total temperature sensor 93 is connected to the conversion pipe section 5. The radiation shield 94 can provide a relatively stable measurement environment for the total temperature sensor 93, effectively block the influence of solar radiation and other external radiations on the total temperature sensor 93, enable the total temperature sensor 93 to accurately measure the total temperature of the atmosphere, and improve the stability and reliability of the atmospheric total temperature measurement.

[0041] Specifically, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown in the figure, the radiation shield 94 includes a cylindrical cover body 95, a conical cover tail 96 and a connecting plate 97; the cylindrical cover body 95 and the conical cover tail 96 are communicated to form a front-back direction acquisition channel, and the total temperature sensor 93 is located in the acquisition channel; the acquisition channel is fixed on the outer side of the connecting conical pipe 4 through the connecting plate 97. The front-back direction acquisition channel can guide the atmosphere to smoothly pass through the total temperature sensor 93, improving the measurement accuracy. The acquisition channel can also reduce the influence of radiation interference on the measurement result. The design of the conical cover tail 96 helps to reduce air resistance, makes the measurement device less affected by aerodynamics during the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and improves the adaptability and stability of the device in the flight environment.

[0042] The measurement frequency of the unmanned aerial vehicle-borne ecosystem sensible heat flux measurement device provided by this embodiment is 50 Hz. By measuring the relative wind speed, the angle of attack of the oncoming flow wind speed, and the sideslip angle, combining with the three-dimensional ground speed and attitude output by the unmanned aerial vehicle itself, the relative three-dimensional wind speed measured in the coordinate system of the relative wind speed measurement receiving part 1 is converted into the three-dimensional wind speed in the earth coordinate system. Using the three-dimensional wind speed in the earth coordinate system, combined with the measured value of the atmospheric total temperature, according to the eddy covariance principle, the value of the ecosystem sensible heat flux is calculated.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] AsFigure 6 As shown in Figure 6 , this embodiment provides a drone, which includes a flight body 10 and the drone-mounted ecosystem sensible heat flux measuring device described in Embodiment 1. The preset pipe 8 is installed on the flight body 10.

[0045] In this embodiment, the connecting cone pipe 4, the static temperature acquisition cover 92, and the radiation shield 94 are made of lightweight aviation aluminum to significantly reduce the overall weight of the measuring equipment.

[0046] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the outer diameter of the tail pipe 7 is 22 mm, and it is made of carbon fiber material.

[0047] The flight body 10 provided in this embodiment is made of high-strength and lightweight carbon fiber composite material. While ensuring the structural strength of the airframe, it effectively reduces the overall weight of the drone and improves flight performance. Its fuselage is designed to be streamlined to reduce air resistance during flight, improve flight efficiency, enable the drone to fly more stably under different meteorological conditions, and ensure that the carried measuring device can continuously and reliably obtain data. Inside the flight body 10, the wiring connections of various electronic devices and measuring devices are reasonably planned and laid out. A dedicated power supply line and data transmission line are set up for the measuring device to reduce electromagnetic interference with other devices. At the same time, a redundant power supply system is equipped. When the main power supply fails, the backup power supply can be immediately started to ensure that the measuring device works continuously and avoid data loss.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are indirectly in contact via an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. A first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0051] In the description of this specification, the description of terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0052] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem, characterized in that: It comprises a wind speed measurement sensing part (1), a pressure pipe group (2), a probe sleeve (3), a connecting cone (4), a conversion pipe section (5), a temperature collection component, a sensor module (6), a tail pipe (7), a preset pipe (8), a buffer component and an angle adjustment component; The wind speed measurement sensing part (1), the probe sleeve (3), the connecting cone (4), the conversion pipe section (5) and the tail pipe (7) are connected in sequence; the wind speed measurement sensing part (1) is connected through the pressure pipe group (2) inside the probe sleeve (3) and the pressure joint (41) at the end of the connecting cone (4); the pressure joint (41) is connected to the sensor module (6) inside the tail pipe (7) through the pneumatic pipe group inside the connecting cone (4) and the conversion pipe section (5); The temperature collection component is arranged on the outside of the connecting cone (4), and the temperature collection component is connected to the sensor module (6) via a conversion pipe section (5); The preset tube (8) is fixed on the unmanned aerial vehicle; the free end of the tail tube (7) is rotatably connected to the free end of the preset tube (8); a buffer component is arranged at the connection between the tail tube (7) and the preset tube (8); the angle adjustment component is installed on the preset tube (8), and the angle adjustment component is transmission-connected to the tail tube (7) to drive the tail tube (7) to rotate in a horizontal plane to achieve angle fine adjustment.

2. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind speed measurement sensing part (1) is provided with two attack angle differential pressure measurement holes (11), two sideslip angle differential pressure measurement holes (12) and a total pressure measurement hole (13); Two attack angle differential pressure measuring holes (11) are vertically arranged above and below the total pressure measuring hole (13), and two sideslip angle differential pressure measuring holes (12) are horizontally arranged on both sides of the total pressure measuring hole (13); The pressure guiding pipe group (2) is respectively connected to two attack angle differential pressure measuring holes (11), two sideslip angle differential pressure measuring holes (12) and a total pressure measuring hole (13).

3. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment assembly includes a servo drive and a transmission assembly; The servo drive is installed in the preset tube (8), and the servo drive is connected to the tail tube (7) through a transmission assembly to drive the tail tube (7) to rotate in a horizontal plane.

4. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a worm and a worm wheel; The worm is connected to the output shaft of the servo drive, the turbine is connected to the tail pipe (7), and the worm drive is connected to the turbine; The servo driver drives the worm to rotate, and the rotation of the worm drives the tail pipe (7) to rotate in a horizontal plane through the turbine.

5. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer assembly includes a magnetorheological damper and a universal joint; The two ends of the magnetorheological damper are connected to the tail pipe (7) and the conversion pipe section (5) through universal joints.

6. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor module (6) comprises a conversion unit, a signal conditioning unit, a data calculation unit and a data storage unit; The pneumatic tube set is connected to the conversion unit, the conversion unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit, the signal conditioning unit is connected to the data calculation unit, and the data calculation unit is connected to the data storage unit.

7. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature collection component includes an atmospheric static temperature collection component and an atmospheric total temperature collection component; The atmospheric static temperature collection component and the atmospheric total temperature collection component are arranged on the outside of the connecting cone tube (4), and the atmospheric static temperature collection component and the atmospheric total temperature collection component are connected to the conversion pipe section (5).

8. The device for measuring the sensible heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The atmospheric static temperature collection component comprises a static temperature sensor (91) and a static temperature collection cover (92); The static temperature collection cover (92) is installed on the outside of the connecting cone tube (4), the static temperature sensor (91) is located inside the static temperature collection cover (92), and the static temperature sensor (91) is connected to the conversion pipe section (5); A plurality of collection holes are evenly arranged on the static temperature collection cover (92).

9. The device for measuring the sensible heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 7, characterized in that: The atmospheric total temperature collection component comprises a total temperature sensor (93) and a radiation shield (94); The radiation shield (94) is installed on the outside of the connecting cone (4), the total temperature sensor (93) is located inside the radiation shield (94), and the total temperature sensor (93) is connected to the conversion pipe section (5).

10. The device for measuring heat flux of an unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystem according to claim 9, characterized in that: The radiation shield (94) comprises a cylindrical shield body (95), a conical shield tail (96) and a connecting plate (97); The cylindrical cover body (95) and the conical cover tail (96) are connected to form a collection channel in the front-to-back direction, and the total temperature sensor (93) is located in the collection channel; the collection channel is fixed to the outer side of the connecting cone tube (4) through a connecting plate (97).

Images