A lateral limit variable confining consolidation and settlement simulation device and simulation method

Abstract

The application discloses a variable lateral limit constraint consolidation and settlement simulation device and a simulation method. The simulation device comprises a gland, an outer frame and an inner test area, and can independently carry out a non-lateral deformation consolidation test, a unidirectional weak / constraint-free pressure settlement test, a multi-directional variable constraint pressure settlement test and a stress transmission test. The simulation device is divided into two layers, the rigidity of the simulation device is improved, and the influence of the deformation of the simulation device itself on the test is further reduced. The inner plate is designed to be slidable, and the relationship between multiple factors such as pressure, compression amount, displacement amount, bottom pressure and time under the condition of 0-3 free surfaces can be simulated independently or synchronously, and the simulation scene is closer to the actual situation of the open-pit mine dump. The test process is simple to operate, the measurement precision is high, and the simulation result is reliable. The simulation device is simple in structure, common in material and convenient to manufacture, and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a simulation device, specifically to a device and method for simulating lateral confinement consolidation and settlement. Background Technology

[0002] Settlement of open-pit mine spoil heaps affects mine safety and subsequent ecological restoration. Accurately predicting the direction and extent of settlement is crucial for open-pit mines. Existing compaction test benches are all rigid and uniformly constrained, meaning the test bench is rigid on all sides and at the bottom, preventing displacement. However, for open-pit mine spoil heaps, the direction of settlement displacement is not unique due to factors such as the geological conditions, the shape of the spoil heap steps, and the location of the goaf. This makes it impossible for existing compaction test benches to accurately simulate the settlement of spoil heaps, directly affecting the reasonable determination of the safe height of the spoil heap steps and the calculation of effective capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device and method, which simulates scenarios that are closer to the real situation of open-pit mine spoil heaps and produces more realistic simulation results.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device, comprising an outer front plate, an outer back plate, an outer left side plate, an outer right side plate, and a bottom plate. The left and right sides of the outer front plate and the outer back plate are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the outer left side plate and the outer right side plate. The bottom edges of the outer front plate, the outer back plate, the outer left side plate, and the outer right side plate are connected to the top surface of the bottom plate. The outer front plate, the outer back plate, the outer left side plate, and the outer right side plate constitute an outer frame.

[0005] It also includes a pressure cap, an inner front panel, an inner back panel, an inner left side panel and an inner right side panel. The inner back panel is located inside the outer back panel. The left and right sides of the inner back panel are connected to the outer left side panel and the outer right side panel, respectively. The bottom edge of the inner back panel is connected to the top surface of the bottom plate. The inner back panel and the outer back panel are rigidly connected by support columns.

[0006] Inner side panel slide rails are installed on the inner side of the inner back panel near the left and right sides, and on the inner side of the outer front panel near the left and right sides. The front and rear sides of the inner left side panel and the inner right side panel are connected to the inner back panel and the outer front panel respectively through the inner side panel slide rails.

[0007] Inner front panel slide rails are installed on the inner sides of the inner left and inner right panels near the outer front panel. A telescopic cylinder is installed inside the inner front panel. Telescopic strips are installed at the left and right ends of the telescopic cylinder. The two telescopic strips are connected to the inner left and inner right panels respectively through the inner front panel slide rails.

[0008] The bottom edges of the inner front panel, inner left side panel, and inner right side panel are in contact with the bottom plate. The inner back panel, inner front panel, inner left side panel, and inner right side panel form a test area. Pressure sensors are installed on the bottom plate within the test area.

[0009] Hydraulic cylinders and limiting blocks are provided between the inner front panel and the outer front panel, between the inner left side panel and the outer left side panel, and between the inner right side panel and the outer right side panel. The two ends of the limiting blocks are respectively engaged by limiting grooves, which are respectively set on the inner side of the outer front panel, the outer left side panel, and the outer right side panel and on the outer side of the inner front panel, the inner left side panel, and the inner right side panel.

[0010] The pressure cap includes a cap body, a central plate, a pressure column, and a pressure plate. The shape and size of the cap body are adapted to the outer frame. The central plate is located at the center of the cap body. The upper and lower ends of the pressure column are connected to the lower end face of the central plate and the upper end face of the pressure plate, respectively. The pressure plate is located above the test area. The pressure cap is detachably connected to the outer frame.

[0011] Furthermore, reinforcing posts are provided at the four inner corners of the outer frame.

[0012] Furthermore, connecting posts are respectively provided at the middle position of the inner side of the outer front plate, outer back plate, outer left side plate and outer right side plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower end face of the cover is provided with connecting posts at the middle of the four sides, and the four connecting posts on the lower end face of the cover are connected to the four connecting posts on the outer frame by connecting buckles.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic cylinder has two sets, upper and lower, arranged at intervals; multiple hydraulic cylinders and limit blocks are arranged at intervals between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, between the inner left side plate and the outer left side plate, and between the inner right side plate and the outer right side plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a lifting ring is provided on the top surface of the central disc.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressure sensors are arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the base plate within the test area.

[0017] Furthermore, the pressure plate and the pressure column are connected by a snap-fit ​​mechanism, and the shape of the pressure plate can be selected as circular, square, or rectangular depending on the test requirements.

[0018] A method for simulating consolidation and settlement with variable lateral constraints:

[0019] Simulated consolidation test without lateral deformation: Vertical pressure is applied to the pressure column, and the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column, the amount of material compression, and the pressure application time is recorded;

[0020] Simulated unidirectional weak / unconstrained pressure settlement test: Remove the limiting block between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, set the upper pressure limit of the hydraulic cylinder between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, apply vertical pressure with the pressure column, and record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column, the amount of material compression, the amount of displacement of the inner front plate, the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor, and the pressure time of the material.

[0021] Simulated multi-directional variable constraint pressure settlement test: Remove all the limiting blocks between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, the inner left side plate and the outer left side plate, and the inner right side plate and the outer right side plate. Set the upper limit of the support pressure of the hydraulic cylinders between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, the inner left side plate and the outer left side plate, and the inner right side plate and the outer right side plate. Apply vertical pressure with the pressure column and record twelve sets of data, including the pressure of the pressure column, the amount of material compression, the pressure and horizontal displacement of the inner front plate, the pressure and horizontal displacement of the inner left side plate and the inner right side plate, the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor, and the pressurization time of the material.

[0022] Simulated stress transmission test: Remove the limiting block between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, or between the inner left side plate and the outer left side plate, or between the inner right side plate and the outer right side plate. Pre-set the displacement limit of the inner front plate or the inner left side plate, or the inner right side plate. Apply vertical pressure with the pressure column and record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column, the amount of material compression, the pressure of the inner front plate or the inner left side plate, or the inner right side plate, the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor, and the pressure time of the material.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, this invention divides the simulation test device into inner and outer layers, improving the rigidity of the simulation device and further reducing the impact of device deformation on the test. The inner plate adopts a sliding design, which can simulate the relationship between multiple factors such as pressure, compression, displacement, bottom pressure, and time under 0-3 free surfaces of the spoil heap, either individually or simultaneously. The simulation scenario is closer to the real situation of open-pit mine spoil heaps. Before the test, the material is filled and the pressure and displacement limits of the surrounding hydraulic cylinders are set. The test process is simple to operate. Only the movement of the pressure column needs to be controlled. Other parameters are automatically collected, the measurement accuracy is high, and the simulation results are reliable. The simulation device adopts steel structure, hydraulic system, connecting parts and other components. The design structure is ingenious and simple, the materials are common, and the manufacturing is convenient, making it suitable for large-scale promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of the base plate of the present invention;

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Outer front panel; 2-Outer back panel; 3-Outer left side panel; 4-Outer right side panel; 5-Base plate; 6-Reinforcing column; 7-Connecting column; 8-Connecting buckle; 9-Pressure sensor; 10-Inner front panel; 11-Inner back panel; 12-Inner left side panel; 13-Inner right side panel; 14-Support column; 15-Inner side panel slide rail; 16-Telescopic cylinder; 17-Telescopic strip; 18-Test area; 19-Inner front panel slide rail; 20-Hydraulic cylinder; 21-Limiting groove; 22-Limiting block; 23-Cover; 24-Central disc; 25-Pressure column; 26-Pressure plate; 27-Lifting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this invention provides a variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device: the simulation device includes a pressure cap, an outer frame, and an inner test area. The outer frame includes an outer front plate 1, an outer back plate 2, an outer left side plate 3, an outer right side plate 4, and a bottom plate 5. The left and right sides of the outer front plate 1 and the outer back plate 2 are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the outer left side plate 3 and the outer right side plate 4. The bottom edges of the outer front plate 1, the outer back plate 2, the outer left side plate 3, and the outer right side plate 4 are connected to the top surface of the bottom plate 5. The outer front plate 1, the outer back plate 2, the outer left side plate 3, and the outer right side plate 4 form a steel structure outer frame, mainly serving a supporting function. Reinforcing columns 6 are respectively provided at the four inner corners of the outer frame to further strengthen the support. Connecting columns 7 are respectively provided at the middle position of the inner side of the outer front plate 1, the outer back plate 2, the outer left side plate 3, and the outer right side plate 4.

[0031] The inner test area includes an inner front panel 10, an inner back panel 11, an inner left side panel 12, and an inner right side panel 13. The inner back panel 11 is located inside the outer back panel 2. The left and right sides of the inner back panel 11 are connected to the outer left side panel 3 and the outer right side panel 4, respectively. The bottom edge of the inner back panel 11 is connected to the top surface of the bottom plate 5. The inner back panel 11 and the outer back panel 2 are rigidly connected by support columns 14. Inner side panel slide rails 15 are respectively installed on the inner side of the inner back panel 11 near the left and right sides and on the inner side of the outer front panel 1 near the left and right sides. The front and rear sides of the inner left side panel 12 and the inner right side panel 13 are respectively connected to the inner back panel 11 and the outer front panel 1 through the inner side panel slide rails 15, so that the inner left side panel 12 and the inner right side panel 13 can move along the inner side panel slide rails 15. Inner side panel slide rails 15 are respectively installed on the inner side of the inner left side panel 12 and the inner right side panel 13 near the outer front panel 1. The front panel slide rail 19 and the inner front panel 10 are composite steel structure plates. Two sets of telescopic cylinders 16 are spaced vertically inside the inner front panel 10. Telescopic strips 17 are provided at both ends of the telescopic cylinders 16. The two telescopic strips 17 are connected to the inner left side panel 12 and the inner right side panel 13 respectively via the inner front panel slide rail 19, allowing the inner front panel 10 to move along the inner front panel slide rail 19. The telescopic strips 17 can be passively stretched as the inner left side panel 12 and the inner right side panel 13 move, ensuring the test area 18 is plane-sealed. The telescopic cylinders 16 record the displacement of the telescopic strips 17 and help the telescopic strips 17, the inner left side panel 12, and the inner right side panel 13 reset after the test. The bottom edges of the inner front panel 10, the inner left side panel 12, and the inner right side panel 13 contact the bottom plate 5. The inner back panel 11, the inner front panel 10, the inner left side panel 12, and the inner right side panel 13 enclose the test area 18. Figure 3 As shown, pressure sensors 9 are arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the base plate 5 within the test area 18 to monitor the positive pressure received at different positions in the test area 18 and record the pressure distribution after the loose material is transmitted, that is, to detect the law of pressure transmission of materials with different structures and thicknesses; multiple hydraulic cylinders 20 and limiting blocks 22 are spaced apart between the inner front plate 10 and the outer front plate 1, between the inner left side plate 12 and the outer left side plate 3, and between the inner right side plate 13 and the outer right side plate 4; the supporting force of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is adjustable and can monitor the expansion and contraction of the corresponding inner plate; the limiting block 22 can realize the rigid fixation between the corresponding inner and outer plates to avoid displacement; the two ends of the limiting block 22 are respectively inserted by limiting grooves 21, which are respectively set on the inner side of the outer front plate 1, the outer left side plate 3, and the outer right side plate 4 and the outer side of the inner front plate 10, the inner left side plate 12, and the inner right side plate 13.

[0032] The pressure cap includes a cap body 23, a central plate 24, pressure columns 25, and a pressure plate 26. The shape and size of the cap body 23 are adapted to the outer frame. The central plate 24 is located at the center of the cap body 23. The upper and lower ends of the pressure column 25 are connected to the lower end face of the central plate 24 and the upper end face of the pressure plate 26, respectively. A lifting ring 27 is provided on the top surface of the central plate 24. The pressure plate 26 is located above the test area 18. Connecting columns 7 are provided at the middle of the four sides of the lower end face of the cap body 23. The four connecting columns 7 on the lower end face of the cap body 23 correspond to the four connecting columns 7 on the outer frame and are connected by connecting buckles 8, so that the pressure cap and the outer frame can be detachably connected.

[0033] To enable the invention to be moved as a whole and to facilitate field testing, the hydraulic pump and data logger are mounted on the base plate 5 between the inner back plate 11 and the outer back plate 2.

[0034] This invention can independently conduct consolidation tests without lateral deformation, unidirectional weak / unconstrained pressure settlement tests, multidirectional variable-constraint pressure settlement tests, and stress transmission tests.

[0035] Test preparation stage: First, open the pressure cover with the lifting ring 27, then install the limiting block 22 in the limiting groove 21, fill the test area 18 with materials according to the design, then close the pressure cover and lock it with the connecting buckle 8; adjust the shape of the pressure plate 26 to simulate stress transmission under different pressure shapes, such as circular, square or rectangular pressure plates 26.

[0036] Independent consolidation test without lateral deformation (i.e., large-scale conventional consolidation test): Apply vertical pressure to the pressure column 25 and record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column 25, the amount of material compression, and the material pressurization time.

[0037] Independently conduct a unidirectional weak / unconstrained pressure settlement test (i.e., simulate a concave spoil heap): Remove the limiting block 22 between the inner front plate 10 and the outer front plate 1, set the upper pressure limit of the hydraulic cylinder 20 between the inner front plate 10 and the outer front plate 1, apply vertical pressure with the pressure column 25, and record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column 25, the amount of material compression, the amount of displacement of the inner front plate 10, the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor 9, and the pressure time of the material.

[0038] Independently conduct multi-directional variable constraint pressure settlement test (i.e. simulate convex spoil heap): Remove all the limiting blocks 22 between the inner front plate 10 and the outer front plate 1, the inner left side plate 12 and the outer left side plate 3, and the inner right side plate 13 and the outer right side plate 4. Set the upper limit of the support pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 20 between the inner front plate 10 and the outer front plate 1, the inner left side plate 12 and the outer left side plate 3, and the inner right side plate 13 and the outer right side plate 4. Apply vertical pressure with the pressure column 25. Record twelve sets of data, including the pressure of the pressure column 25, the amount of material compression, the pressure and horizontal displacement of the inner front plate 10, the pressure and horizontal displacement of the inner left side plate 12 and the inner right side plate 13, the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder 20, the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor 9, and the pressurization time of the material.

[0039] Independent stress transmission test: Remove the limiting block 22 between the inner front plate 10 and the outer front plate 1, or between the inner left side plate 12 and the outer left side plate 3, or between the inner right side plate 13 and the outer right side plate 4. Pre-set the displacement limit of the inner front plate 10 or the inner left side plate 12, or the inner right side plate 13. Apply vertical pressure with the pressure column 25. Record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column 25, the amount of material compression, the pressure of the inner front plate 10 or the inner left side plate 12, or the inner right side plate 13, the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor 9, and the pressure time of the material.

[0040] The above four tests are not in any particular order and are all independent tests. One simulation device can carry out multiple different tests to simulate various field environments.

[0041] Settlement prediction of spoil heaps based on integral method:

[0042] When the internal friction angle of the material is greater than the slope angle, it is assumed that the material in the lower nth unit has no lateral displacement. The settlement is calculated using the results of the consolidation test without lateral deformation, and the settlement under the self-weight pressure of the n-1 differential unit is selected as the basic value for calculation.

[0043] When the internal friction angle of the material is less than the slope angle or the slope angle, the material is considered to be under weak lateral constraint. The constraint force is the lateral weight of the material multiplied by the friction coefficient. The settlement is calculated using the corresponding test results, and the settlement under the self-weight pressure of the n-1 differential unit is used as the calculation basis value.

[0044] For the additional loads generated by equipment operation, the lateral constraint of the material is calculated by using a unidirectional weak constraint pressure settlement test. The overburden pressure of the nth unit is calculated using the bottom pressure sensor data obtained in the stress transmission test. Then, the settlement and horizontal displacement are obtained through a weak lateral constraint pressure test.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device, comprising an outer front plate (1), an outer back plate (2), an outer left side plate (3), an outer right side plate (4) and a bottom plate (5), wherein the left and right sides of the outer front plate (1) and the outer back plate (2) are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the outer left side plate (3) and the outer right side plate (4), and the bottom edges of the outer front plate (1), the outer back plate (2), the outer left side plate (3) and the outer right side plate (4) are connected to the top surface of the bottom plate (5), and the outer front plate (1), the outer back plate (2), the outer left side plate (3) and the outer right side plate (4) form an outer frame; Its features are, It also includes a pressure cap, an inner front panel (10), an inner back panel (11), an inner left side panel (12) and an inner right side panel (13). The inner back panel (11) is located inside the outer back panel (2). The left and right sides of the inner back panel (11) are connected to the outer left side panel (3) and the outer right side panel (4) respectively. The bottom edge of the inner back panel (11) is connected to the top surface of the bottom plate (5). The inner back panel (11) and the outer back panel (2) are rigidly connected by a support column (14). Inner side panel slide rails (15) are provided on the inner side of the inner back panel (11) near the left and right sides and on the inner side of the outer front panel (1) near the left and right sides respectively. The front and rear sides of the inner left side panel (12) and the inner right side panel (13) are connected to the inner back panel (11) and the outer front panel (1) respectively through the inner side panel slide rails (15). The inner left side plate (12) and the inner right side plate (13) are respectively provided with inner front plate slide rails (19) near the outer front plate (1). The inner front plate (10) is provided with a telescopic cylinder (16). The telescopic cylinder (16) is provided with telescopic strips (17) at both ends. The two telescopic strips (17) are connected to the inner left side plate (12) and the inner right side plate (13) respectively through the inner front plate slide rails (19). The bottom edges of the inner front plate (10), inner left side plate (12) and inner right side plate (13) are in contact with the bottom plate (5). The inner back plate (11), inner front plate (10), inner left side plate (12) and inner right side plate (13) form a test area (18). A pressure sensor (9) is installed on the bottom plate (5) within the test area (18). Hydraulic cylinders (20) and limiting blocks (22) are provided between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1), between the inner left side plate (12) and the outer left side plate (3), and between the inner right side plate (13) and the outer right side plate (4). The two ends of the limiting blocks (22) are respectively fitted by limiting grooves (21). The limiting grooves (21) are respectively set on the inner side of the outer front plate (1), the outer left side plate (3), the outer right side plate (4) and the outer side of the inner front plate (10), the inner left side plate (12), and the inner right side plate (13). The pressure cap includes a cap body (23), a central plate (24), a pressure column (25), and a pressure plate (26). The shape and size of the cap body (23) are adapted to the outer frame. The central plate (24) is set in the center of the cap body (23). The upper and lower ends of the pressure column (25) are connected to the lower end face of the central plate (24) and the upper end face of the pressure plate (26), respectively. The pressure plate (26) is located above the test area (18). The pressure cap is detachably connected to the outer frame.

2. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Reinforcing posts (6) are provided at the four inner corners of the outer frame.

3. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Connecting posts (7) are respectively provided at the middle position of the inner side of the outer front plate (1), outer back plate (2), outer left side plate (3) and outer right side plate (4).

4. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cover (23) has four connecting posts (7) at the middle of the four sides of the lower end face. The four connecting posts (7) on the lower end face of the cover (23) are connected to the four connecting posts (7) on the outer frame by connecting buckles (8).

5. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic cylinder (16) has two sets, upper and lower, arranged at intervals; multiple hydraulic cylinders (20) and limit blocks (22) are arranged at intervals between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1), between the inner left side plate (12) and the outer left side plate (3), and between the inner right side plate (13) and the outer right side plate (4).

6. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the central plate (24) is provided with a lifting ring (27).

7. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (9) is arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the base plate (5) within the test area (18).

8. The variable lateral confinement consolidation and settlement simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure plate (26) and the pressure column (25) are connected by a snap fastener. The pressure plate (26) is round, square or rectangular in shape.

9. A method for simulating consolidation and settlement with variable lateral constraints, characterized in that: Simulated consolidation test without lateral deformation: Vertical pressure is applied by the pressure column (25), and the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column (25), the amount of material compression, and the pressure application time of the material is recorded; Simulated unidirectional weak / unconstrained pressure settlement test: Remove the limiting block (22) between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1), set the upper pressure limit of the hydraulic cylinder (20) between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1), apply vertical pressure with the pressure column (25), and record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column (25), the amount of material compression, the displacement of the inner front plate (10), the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor (9), and the pressure time of the material. Simulated multi-directional variable constraint pressure settlement test: Remove all the limiting blocks (22) between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1), the inner left side plate (12) and the outer left side plate (3), and the inner right side plate (13) and the outer right side plate (4). Set the upper limit of the support pressure of the hydraulic cylinder (20) between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1), the inner left side plate (12) and the outer left side plate (3), and the inner right side plate (13) and the outer right side plate (4). Apply vertical pressure with the pressure column (25). Record the pressure of the pressure column (25), the amount of material compression, the pressure and horizontal displacement of the inner front plate (10), the pressure and horizontal displacement of the inner left side plate (12) and the inner right side plate (13), the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder (20), the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor (9), and the pressurization time of the material for a total of twelve sets of data. Simulated stress transmission test: Remove the limiting block (22) between the inner front plate (10) and the outer front plate (1) or the limiting block (22) between the inner left side plate (12) and the outer left side plate (3), the inner right side plate (13) and the outer right side plate (4), and pre-set the displacement limit of the inner front plate (10) or the inner left side plate (12) and the inner right side plate (13). Apply vertical pressure with the pressure column (25) and record the relationship between the pressure of the pressure column (25), the amount of material compression, the pressure of the inner front plate (10) or the inner left side plate (12) and the inner right side plate (13), the pressure value of the bottom pressure sensor (9), and the pressure time of the material.

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