Test device for simulating formation collapse

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, in particular to a test device for simulating formation collapse, which comprises a transparent model box with an opening at the upper end, the model box is in signal connection with a simulation system, two sides of the model box are respectively communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the model box is used for simulating binary water circulation between society and nature; a soil layer unit, a simulation unit, a seepage unit and a monitoring unit are arranged in each model box, the soil layer units are used for simulating soil layers under different address conditions, the simulation units are used for simulating external influence factors of rainfall, groundwater supply, earthquakes and discharged water on the soil layer units, and the seepage units are used for simulating flowing of water in the soil layers; the monitoring unit is used for monitoring soil layer and water flow states in real time. The simulation of the influence of binary water circulation between the society and the nature on the stratum collapse is realized through the plurality of simulation units and the seepage unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and particularly relates to a test device for simulating stratum collapse. Background Art

[0002] Stratum collapse is a common geological disaster, and its occurrence is often accompanied by serious economic losses and casualties. Due to the complexity of geological conditions and the influence of human activities, the formation mechanism and evolution process of stratum collapse are very complex and difficult to study deeply directly through observation and monitoring. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a test device that can simulate stratum collapse. By simulating the process of stratum collapse, the causes, evolution laws and influencing factors of stratum collapse can be understood more intuitively, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the prediction, early warning and prevention of geological disasters. In addition, the test device for simulating stratum collapse can also be used in the research of road engineering, underground engineering and other fields, providing an important reference for engineering design and construction.

[0003] In the natural state, precipitation enters the soil and underground aquifer through surface runoff, infiltration and other ways to form a groundwater system. In this process, the flow and infiltration of water will change the mechanical properties of the soil. For example, an increase in soil moisture will lead to a decrease in soil strength, making it prone to sliding or collapse. At the same time, the change of the groundwater level will also cause the change of soil pore pressure, thereby affecting the stability of the soil layer. Especially when the groundwater level drops sharply (such as excessive pumping of groundwater), the effective stress in the soil increases, easily leading to soil compaction and collapse. And with the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in agricultural irrigation demand, humans intervene in the natural water cycle by building reservoirs, pumping groundwater, laying drainage systems and other means. These activities have significantly changed the distribution and dynamics of surface water and groundwater. For example, unreasonable irrigation and drainage systems may lead to soil salinization, rising (such as irrigation return flow) or falling (such as excessive pumping) of the groundwater level, thereby exacerbating the risks of soil erosion and collapse. In addition, the extraction and drainage projects of groundwater in urban construction will also change the natural flow path of groundwater and affect the stability of the soil. The existing stratum collapse test devices often cannot comprehensively simulate the binary water cycle between society and nature during the process of simulating stratum collapse, resulting in deviations between the test results and the actual stratum collapse process. For example, when simulating the soil layer structure and external influencing factors, the existing devices often cannot accurately simulate the processes of water flow, infiltration in the soil layer and the rise and fall of the groundwater level, lacking sufficient flexibility and accuracy, resulting in deviations between the test results and the actual stratum collapse process and being difficult to accurately reflect the influence of different geological conditions and human activities on stratum collapse. In addition, the existing devices also have deficiencies in monitoring the soil layer and water flow state, unable to obtain test data in real time and comprehensively, thus limiting the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating stratum collapse, which realizes the simulation of the influence of the dual water cycle between society and nature on stratum collapse through a plurality of simulation units and seepage units.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An experimental device for simulating stratum collapse, including a transparent model box with an open upper end, the model box is signal-connected to a simulation system, and a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively communicated on both sides of the model box, and the model box is used to simulate the dual water cycle between society and nature;

[0006] A soil layer unit, a simulation unit, a seepage unit and a monitoring unit are arranged in the model box. The soil layer unit is used to simulate soil layers under different geological conditions. The simulation unit is used to simulate external influencing factors such as rainfall, groundwater recharge, earthquake and water discharge on the soil layer unit. The seepage unit is used to simulate the flow of water in the soil layer, and the monitoring unit is used to monitor the state of the soil layer and water flow in real time.

[0007] The technical principle of the above solution is as follows: The soil layer unit prepares soil layer materials with different geological conditions according to different simulated environments and lays them in the model box in sequence to simulate the actual stratum structure. Other types of soil are mixed or specific materials are added in different layers to simulate complex geological conditions; the simulation unit injects or pumps water into the model box through different simulation components to simulate the process of natural rainfall or groundwater extraction by human activities. When the simulation unit injects water into the soil layer unit of the model box, the water flows through the seepage unit and permeates in the soil layer. Parameters such as the water flow velocity, flow direction and flow rate of the seepage unit can be monitored through the monitoring unit. The monitoring unit also determines that a certain part of the soil layer has serious soil erosion by monitoring the impurities contained in the water flowing out of the model box. And after confirming the soil layer material, the position of the collapsed soil layer is quickly located through the position of the pressure sensor.

[0008] The data of the simulation unit, seepage unit and monitoring unit in the model box are transmitted to the simulation system, and the monitoring data are automatically recorded. According to the monitoring data and observation results, the causes and mechanisms of stratum collapse are analyzed.

[0009] The above solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. In this solution, the stratum structure in nature can be restored through different combinations and distributions of the soil layer unit. At the same time, the simulation unit can simulate different external influencing factors of society-nature in the dual water cycle, making the whole experimental process closer to the actual situation and providing a more reliable basis for the prediction and prevention of stratum collapse.

[0011] 2. In this solution, the monitoring unit has the ability to monitor the soil layer and water flow status in real time, and can accurately measure key parameters such as the water flow velocity, direction, and flow rate of the seepage unit. In addition, by monitoring the impurities contained in the water flowing out of the model box, the soil erosion situation of a certain part of the soil layer can be accurately judged. Combined with the use of pressure sensors, the location of the collapsed soil layer can be quickly located, providing strong support for taking timely prevention and control measures. At the same time, the simulation system can automatically record and analyze the monitoring data, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of the experiment.

[0012] Furthermore, each soil layer unit includes a sandy soil layer, a clay soil layer, and a rock layer located in the model box from top to bottom, and the soil layer unit also includes a mixed soil layer located in the sandy soil layer, the clay soil layer, and the rock layer.

[0013] Beneficial effects: By simulating the common stratum structure in nature, the complex process of stratum collapse can be more realistically reflected. By setting the mixed soil layer, the non-uniformity and complexity in the stratum can be simulated, making the test results closer to the actual situation. The existence of the mixed soil layer can simulate adverse geological conditions such as weak interlayers and faults in the stratum, thereby more accurately evaluating the impact of these conditions on stratum collapse; allowing the mixed soil layer to be located in any soil layer means that the experimenter can adjust the combination and distribution of the soil layers according to needs to simulate different geological conditions and collapse scenarios, enabling the test device to be applicable to various types of stratum collapse research, including but not limited to collapses caused by earthquakes and collapses caused by excessive groundwater extraction.

[0014] Furthermore, the simulation unit includes a rainfall simulation component for simulating rainfall infiltration into the soil layer, a groundwater injection component for simulating groundwater recharge, and a pumping component for simulating groundwater extraction by human activities;

[0015] The rainfall simulation component includes a number of sprinkler heads and a number of motors fixedly connected to the top side walls of the model box. The motors are signal-connected to the simulation system. The output shafts of the motors are all coaxially and fixedly connected with lead screws. On the side of the top side wall of the model box far from the motors, fixed blocks are fixedly connected. The far ends of the lead screws are rotatably connected to the fixed blocks. Nut seats are threadedly connected to the lead screws. The sprinkler heads are detachably connected to the nut seats. A water tank is provided on one side of the model box, and the input ends of the sprinkler heads are all communicated with the water tank;

[0016] Gear boxes are provided on the lead screws. Limit rods are fixedly connected between the gear boxes and the fixed boxes. In the gear boxes, driving bevel gears coaxially and fixedly connected to the lead screws are provided. The driving bevel gears are vertically meshed with driven bevel gears. Transmission rods are rotatably connected in the gear boxes. The driven bevel gears are sleeved on the transmission rods. One end of the transmission rod extends outside the gear box and is coaxially and fixedly connected with a fan.

[0017] Beneficial effects: By driving the screw rod to rotate through the motor, the nut seat can drive the nozzle to move on the top of the model box to simulate the process of simultaneous rainfall or precipitation in different regions. By setting multiple nozzles, rainfall with different intensities and frequencies can be simulated, so as to more accurately evaluate the impact of rainfall on ground subsidence; By driving the rotation of the driving bevel gear through the rotation of the screw rod, the vertical meshing of the driving bevel gear and the transmission bevel gear, and the transmission bevel gear sleeved on the transmission rod, the fan can rotate with the rotation of the screw rod. The blowing effect of the fan can simulate the influence of natural wind on rainfall, such as wind direction, wind speed, etc., thus further enhancing the authenticity and complexity of rainfall simulation.

[0018] Furthermore, the groundwater injection component includes a water pump. A number of water injection holes are opened at the bottom of the model box. The water injection holes are all communicated with water injection pipes. One end of the water injection pipe far away from the water injection hole is communicated with a water tank. The water pump is fixedly connected to the water injection pipe, and the water pump is signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Through the precise control of the water pump, the groundwater recharge conditions with different flow rates and pressures can be simulated, so as to more accurately evaluate the impact of groundwater on ground subsidence. The setting of the water injection holes and water injection pipes enables the groundwater to evenly penetrate into the soil layer in the model box, simulating the groundwater recharge process in nature. The adjustable nature of the water pump allows the experimenter to adjust the recharge speed and flow rate of groundwater according to needs, so as to simulate different geological and hydrological conditions.

[0020] Furthermore, the extraction component includes a number of water pumps. The water pumps are respectively communicated with the sandy soil layer, clay soil layer and rock layer in the model box through extraction pipes. Flow meters and pressure gauges are arranged in the extraction pipes, and both the flow meters and pressure gauges are signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0021] Beneficial effects: By connecting the water pumps with the extraction pipes of different soil layers, the scenario of extracting groundwater from each soil layer in the real environment can be simulated, which helps to more accurately evaluate the impact of extraction activities on the stability of the ground layer. The setting of the flow meters and pressure gauges can monitor the flow rate and pressure changes during the extraction process in real time, thus ensuring the accuracy and controllability of the simulation process.

[0022] Furthermore, the seepage unit includes an inlet pipe communicated with one side of the model box away from the outlet pipe. One end of the inlet pipe is communicated with the water tank, and the other end of the inlet pipe is communicated with a number of branch pipes. The branch pipes are respectively communicated with the sandy soil layer, clay soil layer and rock layer. Valves are fixedly connected in the branch pipes; The seepage unit also includes a seepage medium, and the seepage medium is filled around the branch pipes. The seepage medium is used to simulate the real formation seepage environment.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Through the connection design of the branch pipes with different soil layers and the filling of the seepage medium, this seepage unit can accurately simulate the seepage environment in the real stratum, including the permeability of different soil layers, water flow paths, etc., which helps to more accurately evaluate the impact of groundwater flow on stratum stability and the possible geological disasters caused; by adjusting the valves, different seepage conditions can be simulated, such as changes in seepage velocity, changes in seepage direction, etc., to further study the impact of these conditions on stratum stability.

[0024] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes a water quality monitor for analyzing the composition of soil layer impurities in the outflow water quality, several pressure sensors for real-time monitoring of the soil layer pressure, and several flow velocity sensors for monitoring the flow velocity before the water flows into the soil layer and after it flows out of the soil layer. The pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the sandy soil layer, clay soil layer, and rock layer. The flow velocity sensors are respectively fixedly connected in the branch pipes and the outlet pipes. The water quality monitor is fixedly connected in the outlet pipe. The water quality monitor, pressure sensors, and flow velocity sensors are all signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0025] Beneficial effects: By monitoring the pressure changes in different soil layers with the pressure sensors, the interaction between soil layers and the impact of groundwater flow on soil layer stability can be further analyzed; the flow velocity sensors are respectively fixedly connected in the branch pipes and the outlet pipes, and can accurately measure the flow velocity before the water flows into the soil layer and after it flows out of the soil layer. This helps to understand the seepage situation of the water flow in the soil layer and the hindering effect of the soil layer on the water flow. By comparing the test results at different flow velocities, the impact of water flow velocity on soil layer stability and groundwater flow can be further studied; the water quality monitor can analyze the composition of soil layer impurities in the outflow water quality, which helps to understand the material migration and transformation process in the soil layer and the impact of groundwater flow on the substances in the soil layer. By analyzing the composition of soil layer impurities in the water quality, the soil layer materials with more serious loss under the action of water flow in the soil layer can be further evaluated and confirmed, and then the location of soil layer collapse can be confirmed.

[0026] Furthermore, the simulation unit also includes a fixed bracket fixedly connected to the outer side wall or bottom wall of the model box. An electric vibrator is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed bracket, and the electric vibrator is signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Through the fixed bracket fixedly connected to the outer side wall or bottom wall of the model box and the electric vibrator fixed to the bottom of the bracket, the vibration effect generated during a real earthquake can be simulated. This is of great significance for studying the impact of earthquakes on underground structures, soil layer stability, and groundwater flow.

[0028] Furthermore, the simulation unit also includes a heater and a cooler fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the model box. A heat exchanger is connected between the heater, the cooler, and the model box. The heater, the cooler, and the heat exchanger are all signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0029] Beneficial effects: By means of the heater and the cooler, the influence of different temperature conditions on the soil layer unit can be simulated. This helps to study how temperature changes affect the physical properties of the soil layer (such as thermal expansion and cold shrinkage), mechanical properties (such as strength and deformation), and groundwater flow characteristics. The introduction of the heater and the cooler enables the simulation test to more comprehensively reflect the influence of temperature on the soil layer in the actual environment, thereby enhancing the authenticity and comprehensiveness of the test. By simulating the behavior of the soil layer under different temperature conditions, the interaction mechanism between temperature, soil layer stability, and groundwater flow can be understood more deeply.

[0030] Furthermore, the simulation system includes a receiving module, a control module, a processing module, an analysis module, and a display module;

[0031] The receiving module is used to receive real-time data from the monitoring unit, including soil layer pressure, water flow velocity, water quality monitoring results, flow information of the branch pipe and the outlet pipe, and data of the water extraction pipe flow rate and pressure;

[0032] The control module is used to control the working states of the rainfall simulation component, the groundwater injection component, and the extraction component according to the data received by the receiving module and the preset simulation conditions;

[0033] The processing module is used to process and analyze the received data, including calculating the permeability of the soil layer and analyzing the flow path of water in the soil layer;

[0034] The analysis module is used to further analyze the potential risks and influencing factors of ground subsidence according to the results of the processing module;

[0035] The display module is used to visually display the analysis results in the form of charts or curves, etc.

[0036] Beneficial effects: The receiving module can receive various types of data from the monitoring unit in real time, including soil layer pressure, water flow velocity, water quality monitoring results, etc., ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the data; the processing module quickly processes and analyzes the received data, such as calculating the permeability of the soil layer, analyzing the water flow path, etc., providing a basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making; the control module intelligently controls the working states of the rainfall simulation component, groundwater injection component, extraction component, etc. according to the received data and preset simulation conditions, achieving precise control of the simulation environment, helping to simulate the formation behavior under different conditions, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation test; the analysis module further analyzes the potential risks and influencing factors of ground subsidence based on the results of the processing module, providing a scientific basis for the prediction and prevention of geological disasters. Through in-depth analysis, the mechanism and evolution process of ground subsidence can be revealed, providing guidance for formulating effective prevention and control measures; the display module visually displays the analysis results in the form of charts, curves, etc., facilitating researchers to observe and record, helping researchers quickly understand the analysis results, grasp the changing trend of formation behavior, and providing strong support for subsequent scientific research and engineering practice.

[0037] The integrated design of the simulation system enables real-time transmission, processing, and analysis of various types of data, greatly improving the research efficiency. At the same time, since the system can simulate the formation behavior under different conditions, it can more accurately evaluate the risks and impacts of geological disasters, providing a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0038] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become apparent from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0039] Figure 1 It is an isometric schematic diagram of an embodiment of the test device for simulating ground subsidence of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a front sectional view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the test device for simulating ground subsidence of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a connection schematic diagram of the simulation system of an embodiment of the test device for simulating ground subsidence of the present invention.

[0042] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: 1, model box; 2, sandy soil layer; 3, clay soil layer; 4, rock layer; 5, mixed soil layer; 6, outlet pipe; 7, lead screw; 8, nut seat; 9, nozzle; 10, motor; 11, inlet pipe; 12, branch pipe; 13, fixed bracket; 14, suction pipe; 15, pump; 16, gearbox; 17, fan. Detailed Embodiments

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0046] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments:

[0047] Embodiment 1:

[0048] As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 : A test device for simulating stratum collapse includes a transparent model box 1 with an open upper end. The model box 1 is signal-connected to a simulation system. A water inlet pipe 11 and a water outlet pipe 6 are respectively communicated on both sides of the model box 1. The model box 1 is used to simulate the binary water cycle between society and nature.

[0049] A soil layer unit, a simulation unit, a seepage unit and a monitoring unit are all arranged in the model box 1. The soil layer unit is used to simulate soil layers under different geological conditions. The simulation unit is used to simulate external influencing factors such as rainfall, groundwater recharge, earthquake and water discharge on the soil layer unit. The seepage unit is used to simulate the flow of water in the soil layer. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the soil layer and water flow state in real time.

[0050] Each soil layer unit includes a sandy soil layer 2, a clay soil layer 3, and a rock layer 4 located in the model box 1 from top to bottom. The soil layer unit also includes a mixed soil layer 5 located within the sandy soil layer 2, clay soil layer 3, and rock layer 4.

[0051] The simulation unit includes a rainfall simulation component for simulating rainfall infiltration into the soil layer, a groundwater injection component for simulating groundwater recharge, and a pumping component for simulating groundwater extraction by human activities. The rainfall simulation component includes a number of spray nozzles 9 and a number of motors 10 fixedly connected to the top sidewall of the model box 1. The motors 10 are signal-connected to the simulation system. The output shafts of the motors 10 are all coaxially and fixedly connected with lead screws 7. On one side of the top sidewall of the model box 1 far from the motors 10, fixed blocks 18 are fixedly connected. One end of the lead screw 7 far from the motor 10 is rotatably connected to the fixed block 18. A nut seat 8 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 7. The spray nozzle 9 is detachably connected to the nut seat 8. A water tank is provided on one side of the model box 1. The input ends of the spray nozzles 9 are all communicated with the water tank; a gear box 16 is provided on each lead screw 7. A limiting rod 19 is fixedly connected between the gear box 16 and the fixed box 18. A driving bevel gear coaxially fixed to the lead screw 7 is provided in each gear box 16. The driving bevel gear is vertically engaged with a driven bevel gear. A transmission rod is rotatably connected in the gear box 16. The driven bevel gear is sleeved on the transmission rod. One end of the transmission rod extends outside the gear box 16 and is coaxially fixedly connected with a fan 17.

[0052] The groundwater injection component includes a water pump. A number of water injection holes are opened at the bottom of the model box 1. The water injection holes are all communicated with water injection pipes. One end of the water injection pipe far from the water injection hole is communicated with the water tank. The water pump is fixedly connected to the water injection pipe. The water pump is signal-connected to the simulation system; the pumping component includes a number of pumps 15. The pumps 15 are respectively communicated with the sandy soil layer 2, clay soil layer 3, and rock layer 4 in the model box 1 through water extraction pipes 14. A flow meter and a pressure gauge are provided in each water extraction pipe 14. The flow meter and the pressure gauge are both signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0053] The simulation unit also includes a fixed bracket 13 fixedly connected to the outer sidewall or bottom wall of the model box 1. An electric vibrator is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed bracket 13; the simulation unit also includes a heater and a cooler fixedly connected to the outer sidewall of the model box 1. A heat exchanger is communicated between the heater and the cooler and the model box 1. The electric vibrator, heater, cooler, and heat exchanger are all signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0054] The seepage unit includes a water inlet pipe 11 communicated with the side of the model box 1 far from the water outlet pipe 6. One end of the water inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the water tank. The other end of the water inlet pipe 11 is communicated with a number of branch pipes 12. The branch pipes 12 are respectively communicated with the sandy soil layer 2, clay soil layer 3, and rock layer 4. A valve is fixedly connected in each branch pipe 12; the seepage unit also includes a seepage medium. The seepage medium is filled around the branch pipes 12. The seepage medium is used to simulate the real formation seepage environment.

[0055] The monitoring unit includes a water quality monitor for analyzing the composition of soil impurities in the outflow water quality, several pressure sensors for real-time monitoring of soil layer pressure, and several water quality monitors for analyzing the composition of soil impurities in the outflow water quality. The pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the sandy soil layer 2, the clay soil layer 3, and the rock layer 4. The flow rate sensors are respectively fixedly connected in the branch pipe 12 and the outlet pipe 6. The water quality monitor is fixedly connected in the outlet pipe 6. The water quality monitor, the pressure sensor, and the flow rate sensor are all signal-connected to the simulation system.

[0056] The specific implementation process is as follows: Water is injected into the soil layer unit from the water inlet pipe 11. Before starting the simulation, the simulation system first records the initial data of each monitoring unit in the model box 1, including soil layer pressure, water flow rate, water quality, etc.

[0057] According to the historical rainfall data collected in a certain area, for example, the rainfall intensity is set to 50 mm / h and the duration is 24 hours. The rainfall simulation component is started. The screw rod 7 is rotated by the motor 10, so that the nut seat 8 drives the nozzle 9 to move above the model box 1 to simulate the rainfall process. According to the set rainfall intensity, the water output of the nozzle 9 and the rainfall duration are adjusted. And according to the rotation speed of the motor 10, the rotation speed of the screw rod 7 driving the driving bevel gear is different, so that the transmission bevel gear drives the fan 17 to have different rotation speeds through the transmission rod to simulate the wind speed under different rainfall intensities.

[0058] The groundwater recharge amount is set to 5 L / min and the duration is 48 hours. The water pump is started to pump the water in the water tank, and the water flow is injected from below the soil layer through the water injection hole to simulate the groundwater recharge process; during this process, if it is necessary to simulate the situation of human activities pumping water from the stratum, the water pump 15 is started, the pumping rate is set to 3 L / min, and the duration is 72 hours to simulate the groundwater extraction process; according to the climate conditions of this area, the heater and the cooler are started, and the temperature in the model box 1 is adjusted through the heat exchanger. The temperature in the model box 1 is set to 25 °C and the duration is the entire simulation process.

[0059] During the simulation process, the pressure changes in different soil layers are monitored by pressure sensors, which can further analyze the interaction between soil layers and the influence of groundwater flow on the stability of soil layers. Flow velocity sensors are respectively fixedly connected to the branch pipe 12 and the water outlet pipe 6, and can accurately measure the flow velocity of water before flowing into the soil layer and after flowing out of the soil layer. This helps to understand the penetration of water flow in the soil layer and the hindrance of the soil layer to the water flow. By comparing the test results at different flow velocities, the influence of water flow velocity on the stability of soil layers and groundwater flow can be further studied. The water quality monitor can analyze the composition of soil impurities in the outflow water quality, which helps to understand the material migration and transformation process in the soil layer and the influence of groundwater flow on the substances in the soil layer. By analyzing the composition of soil impurities in the water quality, the soil layer materials with more serious loss under the action of water flow in the soil layer can be further evaluated and confirmed, and then the location of soil layer collapse can be confirmed.

[0060] In addition, according to the seismic activity situation in a certain area, for example, setting the vibration frequency of the electric vibrator to 3 Hz, the amplitude to 0.5 cm, and the duration to 10 minutes, the influence of seismic activity on the stratum can be simulated.

[0061] After the simulation is completed, the final data of each monitoring unit are recorded, sorted and analyzed. According to the analysis results of the simulation system, the potential risks and influencing factors of stratum collapse are evaluated, the influence of different simulation conditions (such as rainfall intensity, groundwater recharge, pumping rate, vibration frequency, temperature, etc.) on stratum collapse is analyzed, a stratum collapse process diagram is drawn to show the change trends of parameters such as soil layer pressure, water flow velocity, water quality, etc., and according to the analysis results, the simulation conclusion of stratum collapse is obtained.

[0062] Embodiment 2:

[0063] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the simulation system includes a receiving module, a control module, a processing module, an analysis module and a display module;

[0064] The receiving module is used to receive real-time data from the monitoring unit, including soil layer pressure, water flow velocity, water quality monitoring results, flow information of the branch pipe 12 and the water outlet pipe 6, and data of the flow rate and pressure of the water extraction pipe 14;

[0065] The control module is used to control the working states of the rainfall simulation component, the groundwater injection component and the extraction component according to the data received by the receiving module and the preset simulation conditions;

[0066] The processing module is used to process and analyze the received data, including calculating the permeability of the soil layer and analyzing the flow path of water flow in the soil layer;

[0067] The analysis module is used to further analyze the potential risks and influencing factors of stratum collapse according to the results of the processing module;

[0068] The display module is used to visually display the analysis results in the form of charts or curves, etc.

[0069] The specific implementation process is as follows: Start the receiving module of the simulation system to begin receiving real-time data from the monitoring unit. Start the control module to control the working states of the rainfall simulation component, groundwater injection component, and extraction component according to the preset simulation conditions. The receiving module receives and stores the data from the monitoring unit in real time, including the soil layer pressure, water flow velocity, water quality monitoring results, flow information of the branch pipe 12 and the outlet pipe 6, and the flow rate and pressure data of the water extraction pipe 14. The data is preliminarily processed by the processing module, such as calculating statistical quantities such as the average value and standard deviation for subsequent analysis. The processing module uses the received data to calculate the permeability of the soil layer and analyze the flow path of water in the soil layer; The analysis module further analyzes the potential risks and influencing factors of ground subsidence based on the results of the processing module and in combination with the preset simulation conditions. The analysis process may include comparing the data changes under different simulation conditions and evaluating the contribution degree of each factor to ground subsidence. Through the analysis of the analysis module, the main influencing factors leading to ground subsidence are identified, such as rainfall intensity, groundwater recharge volume, pumping rate, etc.; The display module visually displays the analysis results in the form of charts, curves, etc. Researchers observe and record the analysis results on the display module and conduct comprehensive analysis in combination with the observations and data records during the experiment.

[0070] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating stratum collapse, comprising a transparent model box (1) with an upper opening, characterized in that: The model box (1) is connected to a simulation system by signal, and the two sides of the model box (1) are respectively connected to a water inlet pipe (11) and a water outlet pipe (6), and the model box (1) is used to simulate the binary water cycle between society and nature; The model box (1) is provided with a soil layer unit, a simulation unit, a seepage unit and a monitoring unit. The soil layer unit is used to simulate soil layers under different geological conditions. The simulation unit is used to simulate external factors affecting the soil layer unit such as rainfall, groundwater recharge, earthquake and discharge water. The seepage unit is used to simulate the flow of water in the soil layer. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the soil layer and water flow status in real time.

2. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil layer units all include a sandy soil layer (2), a clay soil layer (3) and a rock layer (4) located in the model box (1) from top to bottom, and the soil layer units also include a mixed soil layer (5) located in any of the sandy soil layer (2), clay soil layer (3) and rock layer (4).

3. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulation unit includes a rainfall simulation component for simulating rainfall penetration into the soil layer, a groundwater injection component for simulating groundwater recharge, and an extraction component for simulating human activities to extract groundwater; The rainfall simulation component comprises a plurality of nozzles (9) and a plurality of motors (10) fixedly connected to the top side wall of the model box (1), the motors (10) being connected to the simulation system signal, the output shafts of the motors (10) being coaxially fixedly connected to the screw rods (7), the top side wall of the model box (1) being away from the motors (10) being fixedly connected to the fixing blocks (18), the ends of the screw rods (7) being away from the motors (10) being rotatably connected to the fixing blocks (18), the screw rods (7) being threadedly connected to the nut seats (8), the nozzles (9) being detachably connected to the nut seats (8), a water tank being provided on one side of the model box (1), and the input ends of the nozzles (9) being connected to the water tank; The screw rod (7) is provided with a gear box (16), a limit rod (19) is fixedly connected between the gear box (16) and the fixed box (18), a driving bevel gear coaxially fixedly connected to the screw rod (7) is provided in the gear box (16), the driving bevel gear is vertically meshed with a transmission bevel gear, a transmission rod is rotatably connected in the gear box (16), the transmission bevel gear is sleeved on the transmission rod, and one end of the transmission rod extends outside the gear box (16) and is coaxially fixedly connected to a fan (17).

4. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 3, characterized in that: The groundwater injection assembly comprises a water pump. The bottom of the model box (1) is provided with a plurality of water injection holes, each of which is connected to a water injection pipe. The ends of the water injection pipes away from the water injection holes are connected to the water tank. The water pump is fixedly connected to the water injection pipes, and the water pump is connected to the simulation system signal.

5. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extraction assembly comprises a plurality of water pumps (15), the water pumps (15) are respectively connected to the sandy soil layer (2), the clay soil layer (3) and the rock layer (4) in the model box (1) via water pumping pipes (14), the water pumping pipes (14) are each provided with a flow meter and a pressure meter, and the flow meter and the pressure meter are both connected to the simulation system signal.

6. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 5, characterized in that: The seepage unit comprises a water inlet pipe (11) connected to a side of the model box (1) away from the water outlet pipe (6); one end of the water inlet pipe (11) is connected to the water box; the other end of the water inlet pipe (11) is connected to a plurality of branch pipes (12); the branch pipes (12) are respectively connected to the sandy soil layer (2), the clay soil layer (3) and the rock layer (4); valves are fixedly connected inside the branch pipes (12); the seepage unit also comprises a seepage medium, which is filled around the branch pipes (12); and the seepage medium is used to simulate a real formation seepage environment.

7. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring unit comprises a water quality monitor for analyzing the composition of soil impurities in outflow water, a plurality of pressure sensors for real-time monitoring of soil pressure, and a plurality of flow rate sensors for monitoring the flow rate of water before it flows into the soil layer and after it flows out of the soil layer. The pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the sandy soil layer (2), the clay soil layer (3), and the rock layer (4). The flow rate sensors are respectively fixedly connected to the branch pipe (12) and the water outlet pipe (6). The water quality monitor is fixedly connected to the water outlet pipe (6). The water quality monitor, the pressure sensor, and the flow rate sensor are all connected to the analog system signal.

8. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 7, characterized in that: The simulation unit also includes a fixed bracket (13) fixedly connected to the outer wall or bottom wall of the model box (1), and an electric vibrator is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed bracket (13), and the electric vibrator is connected to the simulation system signal.

9. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 8, characterized in that: The simulation unit also includes a heater and a cooler fixedly connected to the outer wall of the model box (1), a heat exchanger is connected between the heater and the cooler and the model box (1), and the heater, the cooler and the heat exchanger are all connected to the simulation system signal.

10. The test device for simulating stratum collapse according to claim 9, characterized in that: The simulation system includes a receiving module, a control module, a processing module, an analysis module and a display module; The receiving module is used to receive real-time data from the monitoring unit, including soil layer pressure, water flow velocity, water quality monitoring results, flow information of the branch pipe (12) and the outlet pipe (6), and data on flow and pressure of the pumping pipe (14); The control module is used to control the working states of the rainfall simulation component, the groundwater injection component, and the extraction component according to the data received by the receiving module and the preset simulation conditions; The processing module is used to process and analyze the received data, including calculating the permeability of the soil layer and analyzing the flow path of water in the soil layer; The analysis module is used to further analyze the potential risks and influencing factors of formation collapse based on the results of the processing module; The display module is used to intuitively display the analysis results in the form of charts or curves.

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