Three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device and method. The three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device comprises a cylinder; the detector mounting assembly comprises a first locking piece and a driving piece; the locking state of the first locking piece comprises the steps of fixing the detector on the first locking piece and separating the detector from the first locking piece; the vibration assembly comprises a third locking piece, a first elastic piece and a hammering mass piece which are all located on the cylinder body, and the locking state of the third locking piece comprises the steps that the hammering mass piece is fixed to the cylinder body, at the moment, the hammering mass piece compresses the first elastic piece, and the hammering mass piece is separated from the third locking piece; according to the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device, the detector and the excitation point can be rapidly arranged in the drill hole, the intersection angle between the seismic source and the geologic body and the intersection angle between the receiving point and the geologic body are increased by arranging the points in the lateral drill hole, and the reflection interface between the excitation point and the receiving point and the unfavorable geologic body is increased; and more reflected wave impedance interfaces from the unfavorable geologic body can be received.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly to a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the prediction of unfavorable geological bodies in tunnels mainly relies on geophysical advanced prediction techniques based on seismic wave methods. The main methods using this principle are the TRT technique and the TSP technique. TSP belongs to the longitudinal and transverse wave three-component seismic reflection technique. A small amount of explosive is used to excite seismic waves in the blast holes on the side walls of the tunnel. The seismic waves propagate in the tunnel rock mass. When encountering an interface with different wave impedance in the rock mass (such as a fault fracture zone, a large karst cave, a joint fracture zone), reflection and transmission will occur. Part of the reflection information is received by the three-component geophone. By processing and analyzing the collected data with professional software, the scale and nature of the unfavorable geological body in front of the tunnel face can be analyzed. TRT is the abbreviation of tunnel seismic wave reflection tomography technology. When the seismic waves generated by hammering encounter an interface with different wave impedance during propagation, phenomena such as reflection, transmission, and scattering will occur, and changes in wave impedance often occur at the geological rock formation interface or the discontinuous interface in the rock mass; by using sensors to receive these seismic wave signals and performing inversion analysis on the waveforms, information such as the scale and location of the unfavorable geological body inside the surrounding rock can be inferred.

[0003] In addition, there are also methods such as advanced pilot tunnels and pilot drifts. Mainly, side tunnels are excavated on the main tunnel, and the excavation outcrops are used to reveal the unfavorable geological body, and the outcrop situation of the geological body in the main tunnel is predicted and analyzed.

[0004] However, the traditional survey layout method still has the following problems:

[0005] 1. The seismic wave method advanced prediction technology under the traditional survey layout method has good detection ability for most unfavorable geological bodies, but the detection effect for some unfavorable geological bodies with special spatial forms is not good. For example, faults developed nearly horizontally at the top of the tunnel, steeply inclined faults whose strike is nearly parallel to the tunnel axis, etc. Moreover, when the above-mentioned unfavorable geological bodies are superimposed and hidden (no outcrop after tunnel excavation, distributed around the tunnel), the original seismic wave method layout methods (such as the TRT method and the TSP method) are difficult to effectively detect. The reason is that when seismic waves propagate in the rock mass, the larger the reflection interface encountered, the greater the wave impedance difference, the more obvious the polarity reversal phenomenon of the reflected wave, and the easier it is to detect the wave impedance difference, and the higher the accuracy of the detection results; but in the conventional detection method, in the face of the above-mentioned unfavorable geological bodies, the intersection angle between the seismic wave propagation direction and the geological body is small. Although the unfavorable geological body itself is large in scale, the generated reflection interface is small, resulting in a small wave impedance difference, so it is difficult to effectively detect.

[0006] 2. The pilot tunnel and pilot drift method is generally carried out when the main tunnel has been excavated and revealed to a bad geological body or is quite close to it. Therefore, the detection distance is short, the prediction effect is poor, and the excavation of the pilot tunnel and pilot drift takes a long time and generally needs to be carried out when the excavation of the main tunnel stops, which is not conducive to the construction period and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device and detection method. This method uses lateral drilling instead of pilot tunnels and pilot drifts, and uses a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device to quickly deploy geophones in the borehole and conduct seismic source excitation and reception. In this application scenario, while reducing the lateral excavation volume, the excitation and reception method of the seismic source in the lateral borehole is adopted, increasing the reflection interface area between the seismic source and the receiving point and the bad geological body, enabling more reflection wave impedance interfaces from the bad geological body to be received, and improving the prediction distance and accuracy.

[0008] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device, comprising:

[0010] A cylinder body, with an outlet that communicates internally and externally on the side wall of the cylinder body;

[0011] A geophone installation assembly, which includes a first locking member and a driving member. The first locking member is located inside the cylinder body and is used to lock the geophone; the locking states of the first locking member include: fixing the geophone on the first locking member, and separating the geophone from the first locking member;

[0012] The driving member is connected to the first locking member and is used to drive the first locking member to move towards the direction close to the outlet, and make the geophone extend out of the cylinder body from the outlet; the geophone is provided with a second locking member, and the geophone is used to connect to the side wall of the borehole through the second locking member;

[0013] A vibration assembly, which includes a third locking member, a first elastic member and a hammering mass member, all of which are located on the cylinder body. The first elastic member is connected to the hammering mass member, and the third locking member is used to lock the hammering mass member; the locking states of the third locking member include: fixing the hammering mass member on the cylinder body, at this time the hammering mass member compresses the first elastic member, and separating the hammering mass member from the third locking member;

[0014] When the hammering mass member is separated from the third locking member, at this time the first elastic member ejects the hammering mass member through its own elastic force, making the hammering mass member extend out of the cylinder body and hammer the side wall of the borehole.

[0015] In view of the prior art, when dealing with faults developing nearly horizontally at the top of a tunnel, steeply inclined faults whose strike is nearly parallel to the tunnel axis, such as a first special unfavorable geological body that is nearly parallel to the tunnel axis and steeply inclined outside the cross-section, a second special unfavorable geological body that is nearly horizontal and distributed at the top outside the tunnel chamber, etc., the intersection angle between the propagation direction of seismic waves and the geological body in the original seismic wave point layout method is small. Although the unfavorable geological body itself is large in scale, the generated reflection interface is small, resulting in a small wave impedance difference, making it difficult to conduct effective detection. Moreover, the detection distance is short, the prediction effect is poor, the excavation of pilot tunnels and adits takes a long time, and it generally needs to be carried out when the main tunnel stops excavation, which is unfavorable for the construction period and cost. The present invention provides a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device. By adopting this solution, the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device can be directly pushed into the borehole, so as to quickly arrange geophones and excitation points, making the distance between the geophones and the excitation points and the coaxial line larger, so as to increase the intersection angle with the geological body and increase the reflection interface from the excitation and reception points to the unfavorable geological body. In a specific solution, it includes a cylinder body with a diameter slightly smaller than the borehole, so that the cylinder body can penetrate along the length direction of the borehole. Inside the cylinder body, there are respectively a geophone installation component and a vibration component to install geophones on the side wall of the borehole and provide a seismic source. Among them, the geophone installation component includes a first locking piece and a driving piece. The first locking piece fixes the geophone inside the cylinder body. When the cylinder body moves to the position where the receiving point needs to be set in the borehole, at this time, the driving piece drives the first locking piece to move towards the opening direction of the cylinder body, so that the geophone on the first locking piece extends out of the cylinder body from the opening position. At this time, the geophone is close to the side wall of the borehole and is fixed on the side wall of the borehole through a second locking piece. After the geophone is fixedly installed in place, at this time, the first locking piece and the geophone are controlled to be separated, and the first locking piece is driven by the driving piece to reset to complete the installation of the geophone. Subsequently, the cylinder body is pulled back to the position where the excitation point needs to be set, that is, the seismic source position. When detection needs to start, the third locking piece and the hammer mass piece are separated. At this time, the hammer mass piece pops out under the elastic force of the first elastic piece and extends out of the cylinder body to hammer the side wall of the borehole, thereby generating a vibration wave. The geophone detects the seismic wave signal and transmits the signal to an external sensing device to complete data acquisition. Through the above three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device, the rapid installation of excitation points and receiving points in the borehole can be realized. Moreover, the intersection angle with the geological body is increased through the borehole, and the reflection interface from the excitation and reception points to the unfavorable geological body is increased, so that more wave impedance interfaces of reflected waves from the unfavorable geological body can be received. It has little impact on the construction period and low construction cost.

[0016] As a specific implementation structure of the first locking member to complete the fixing and release of the geophone, the first locking member includes a mounting plate located inside the cylinder body. One side of the mounting plate is rotatably connected to the inner side of the cylinder body, and the other side of the mounting plate can rotate around its own side. The driving member is used to drive the mounting plate to rotate, and the rotation of the mounting plate is used to extend the geophone from the outlet to outside the cylinder body.

[0017] The mounting plate is provided with a geophone placement groove, and the inner side wall of the geophone placement groove is provided with elastic clamping blocks. The elastic clamping blocks are connected to the inner side wall of the geophone placement groove through second elastic members and are used to clamp the geophone. In this solution, the first locking member includes a mounting plate that is rotatably connected inside the cylinder body, so as to realize flipping under the drive of the driving member. The mounting plate is provided with a geophone placement groove, which can partially accommodate the geophone. The inner side wall thereof is provided with elastic clamping blocks, and the elastic clamping blocks are used to abut and clamp a local position of the geophone to complete the fixing of the geophone. Among them, the elastic clamping blocks clamp locally and the clamping force is small, and only the basic fixing needs to be completed. Subsequently, the driving member controls the mounting plate to rotate, so that the geophone on the mounting plate rotates synchronously and extends out from the opening of the cylinder body. When the geophone is fixed on the side wall of the drilling hole through the second locking member, at this time, the driving member can directly drive the mounting plate to rotate in the reverse direction. In the case of a small clamping force, the geophone will be directly pulled out of the geophone placement groove to complete the separation of the geophone and the mounting plate. The top end of the elastic clamping block can preferably be set to an arc shape to facilitate the separation of the geophone through point clamping.

[0018] To facilitate the stable clamping of the geophone in the axial direction of the cylinder body, the inner side wall of the geophone placement groove is provided with a chute, the opening of the chute faces the inside of the geophone placement groove, the elastic clamping block is located inside the chute and is slidably connected to the chute. The second elastic member is a spring, and the elastic clamping block is connected to the bottom of the chute through the second elastic member. In this solution, the local position of the geophone is adapted to the size of the geophone placement groove. The elastic clamping block is jacked outwards under the elastic force of the spring to abut and clamp the side wall of the geophone. When the geophone is separated, the elastic clamping block freely extends out. In addition, a slope is also provided at the bottom of the geophone placement groove. The bottom of the geophone is placed on the slope, and one end of the slope close to the other side of the mounting plate is inclined in the reverse direction of the rotation of the mounting plate, so as to make the mounting surface of the geophone face the side wall surface of the drilling hole when the geophone approaches the side wall of the drilling hole.

[0019] As a specific implementation manner of the second locking member, the second locking member is an adhesive provided on the side wall of the geophone, and the geophone is adhered to the side wall of the drilling hole through the adhesive. Among them, the adhesive is an adhesive that can adhere to the rock and soil to realize the fixing of the geophone on the side wall of the drilling hole.

[0020] As a specific implementation structure of a driving member, a bearing surface is provided inside the cylinder body, and a sleeve is fixed on the bearing surface and arranged along the length direction of the cylinder body; one side of the mounting plate is provided with a connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft passes through the sleeve and is rotatably connected to the sleeve; one end of the connecting shaft extends out of one end of the cylinder body;

[0021] The driving member includes a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is used for detachably connecting with one end of the connecting shaft; the length of the connecting rod is variable. In this solution, the cylinder body has a solid part and a cavity part. The solid part has a bearing surface for placing the mounting plate, and the cavity part is used to leave a rotating area for the mounting plate. A sleeve is provided on the bearing surface, and a connecting shaft is provided on one side of the mounting plate. Preferably, a groove is provided on one side of the mounting plate, and the connecting shaft is arranged in the groove. In this way, the mounting plate can be rotatably connected to the bearing surface by the sleeve rotatably sleeved on the connecting shaft; in addition, one end of the connecting shaft extends out of one end of the cylinder body, and a connecting rod is connected to the connecting shaft, and the length of the connecting rod is variable. In this way, by changing the length of the connecting rod, the drilling depth can be adapted; when the connecting rod is driven to rotate outside the drill hole, the mounting plate can be remotely driven to rotate to complete the installation of the geophone; the connecting rod can be an expansion rod or several rods detachably connected in sequence, such as notches and inserts are respectively arranged at both ends of the rod, and the inserts are inserted into the sockets in sequence among several rods, and the connection is completed through pins.

[0022] To prevent the geophone from blocking the movement of the device when pulling back the device, the opening penetrates through both ends of the cylinder body along the side wall of the cylinder body; the rotation path of the mounting plate is located in the open area of the opening. In this solution, the area of the opening penetrates through both ends of the cylinder body, thereby leaving a corresponding vacant area to avoid the geophone when pulling back the device.

[0023] To prevent rock mass from falling inside the cylinder body and affecting the rotation of the mounting plate and the pasting of the geophone when pushing the cylinder body in, a flipping shell is slidably connected to the side wall of the cylinder body, and the flipping shell can slide along the circumferential direction of the cylinder body and is used to close the opening;

[0024] Both ends of the cylinder body are provided with sliding through grooves, the length direction of the sliding through grooves is arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylinder body, and both ends of the flipping shell are provided with sliders passing through the sliding through grooves, and the sliders can slide along the length direction of the sliding through grooves;

[0025] One end of the cylinder body is rotatably connected with an intermediate rod. The intermediate rod is coaxially arranged with the cylinder body, and the length of the intermediate rod is variable. A connecting rod is fixed on the side wall of the intermediate rod, and two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with the intermediate rod and the slider. In this solution, the flipping shell can be located inside or outside the cylinder body and can rotate circumferentially around the cylinder body to close the opening on the side wall of the cylinder body. In order to remotely control the rotation of the flipping shell and realize the opening and closing of the opening, both ends of the flipping shell are provided with extended sliders, and the sliders extend from the inside of the sliding through groove to the outside of the sliding through groove. In this way, while realizing the sliding connection, it is convenient to control the sliding of the sliders externally. One end of the cylinder body is provided with an intermediate rod that is rotatably connected coaxially. The side wall of the intermediate rod is connected with the slider through a connecting rod, and the rotation center of the intermediate rod is the same as the center of the sliding direction of the slider. Therefore, driving the intermediate rod to rotate can drive the flipping shell to rotate through the slider. Since the length of the intermediate rod is variable, the length of the intermediate rod can be changed to adapt to the drilling depth. Driving the intermediate rod to rotate outside the drilling can remotely drive the flipping shell to rotate and complete the opening and closing of the opening on the side wall of the cylinder body. The intermediate rod can adopt a telescopic rod or several rods that are detachably connected in sequence. For example, notches and plugs are respectively arranged at both ends of the rods. The plugs are sequentially inserted into the sockets among several rods, and the connection is completed through pins. In addition, through the intermediate rod and the connecting rod, the advancement and retraction of the device can be realized.

[0026] As a specific implementation structure of a vibration component, vibration components are provided at both ends of the cylinder body. A track groove is provided inside the end of the cylinder body, and the opening of the track groove penetrates the side wall of the cylinder body. The hammering mass is located in the track groove and can move along the length direction of the track groove. Two ends of the first elastic member are respectively connected with the bottom of the track groove and the hammering mass, and the first elastic member is arranged along the length direction of the track groove.

[0027] An installation groove is further provided inside the end of the cylinder body, and the opening of the installation groove communicates with the middle part of the track groove. A telescopic motor is installed in the installation groove, and a baffle is provided at the output end of the telescopic motor. The telescopic motor is used to drive the baffle to extend into or withdraw from the track groove. The baffle is used to block the hammering mass. In this solution, a track groove is provided at the end of the cylinder body to provide a moving track for the hammering mass, which can be linear or arc-shaped. The hammering mass can be a mass ball or other mass components. The first elastic member is compressed in the track groove to provide sufficient thrust for the hammering mass. The first elastic member is arranged along the length direction of the track groove. An installation groove is also provided inside the cylinder body to install the telescopic motor. In the initial state, the telescopic motor controls the baffle to extend into the track groove to block the hammering mass and make the first elastic member in a compressed state. When it is necessary to activate the vibration source, the telescopic motor is remotely controlled to retract, so that the baffle withdraws from the track groove. At this time, the hammering mass is released, and the first elastic member makes the hammering mass quickly extend out of the track groove outlet and hammer the side wall of the drilling hole.

[0028] A further solution also provides a detection method for detecting bad geological bodies, including the following steps:

[0029] S1: A number of circumferential paths are set in the length direction of the excavated tunnel section, and a number of drill holes are opened on the side walls of each circumferential path. The drill holes are parallel to each other and are arranged on both sides of the excavated tunnel section.

[0030] S2: In some of the drill holes, the position coordinates of the excitation point and the geophone point are set. The distance of the geophone point from the tunnel axis is greater than the distance of the excitation point from the tunnel axis.

[0031] S3: In some of the drill holes, a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device is pushed in, and the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device is pushed to the position of the geophone point.

[0032] S4: At this time, control the driving member to drive the first locking member to move towards the direction close to the outlet, and make the geophone extend out of the cylinder from the outlet. When the geophone extends out, the geophone is connected to the side wall of the drill hole through the second locking member, and then the first locking member is separated from the geophone, and the first locking member is reset.

[0033] S5: Then pull back the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device to the excitation point position.

[0034] S6: When it is necessary to start detection, control the third locking member to separate from the hammering mass member. The hammering mass member pops out under the elastic force of the first elastic member, so that the hammering mass member extends out of the cylinder and hammers the side wall of the drill hole to generate seismic waves.

[0035] S7: The geophone detects the seismic wave signal and transmits the signal to an external sensing device to complete data acquisition.

[0036] A further solution, in step S2, the specific steps of setting the position coordinates of the excitation point and the geophone point in each drill hole include:

[0037] S21: Measure the coordinates of each drill hole relative to the center point of the heading face by using a total station.

[0038] S22: Then measure the hole deviation, the hole pitch angle of the drill hole, and the hole depth of each excitation point and the fixed block in the drill hole.

[0039] S23: Finally, calculate the relative three-dimensional coordinates of each geophone point and excitation point in the survey layout method.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. The three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device and detection method provided by the present invention can quickly deploy geophones and excitation points in a borehole through the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device. Moreover, by arranging points in the lateral borehole, the intersection angle between the seismic source and the receiving point and the geological body is increased, and the reflection interface from the seismic source and the receiving point to the bad geological body is increased, so that more reflection wave impedance interfaces from the bad geological body can be received.

[0042] 2. The three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device and detection method provided by the present invention use the spatial point arrangement method formed by multiple groups of boreholes to collect seismic wave data, which has a good effect on detecting special bad geological bodies, and the detection distance is relatively long, and it can predict the bad geological bodies in front before excavation. At the same time, compared with the method of excavating pilot tunnels and adits on both sides of the main tunnel, this method has little impact on the construction period and low construction cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 provided by the present invention Figure 1 is an enlarged view of part A in

[0046] Figure 3 is a borehole position diagram for the first special bad geological body provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 is a borehole position diagram for the second special bad geological body provided by the present invention.

[0048] Reference numerals in the drawings and corresponding component names:

[0049] 1 - cylinder body, 101 - sleeve, 102 - flipping shell, 103 - sliding through groove, 104 - slider, 105 - track groove, 106 - telescopic motor, 107 - baffle, 2 - mounting plate, 201 - geophone placement groove, 202 - elastic clamping block, 203 - connecting shaft, 3 - connecting rod, 4 - first elastic member, 5 - hammering mass member, 6 - intermediate rod, 7 - connecting rod, 8 - tunnel face, 9 - unexcavated tunnel section, 10 - excavated tunnel section, 11 - first special bad geological body, 12 - second special bad geological body, 13 - borehole, a - traditional geophone deployment position. Specific Embodiments

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment 1:

[0052] Embodiment 1 provides a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, including:

[0053] A cylinder 1, with an outlet that is internally and externally connected on the side wall of the cylinder 1;

[0054] A geophone mounting assembly, which includes a first locking member and a driving member. The first locking member is located inside the cylinder 1 and is used to lock the geophone; the locking states of the first locking member include: fixing the geophone on the first locking member, and separating the geophone from the first locking member;

[0055] The driving member is connected to the first locking member and is used to drive the first locking member to move in a direction close to the outlet, and to extend the geophone out of the cylinder 1 from the outlet; the geophone is provided with a second locking member, and the geophone is used to connect to the side wall of the borehole 13 through the second locking member;

[0056] A vibration assembly, which includes a third locking member, a first elastic member 4 and a hammer mass member 5, all of which are located on the cylinder 1. The first elastic member 4 is connected to the hammer mass member 5, and the third locking member is used to lock the hammer mass member 5; the locking states of the third locking member include: fixing the hammer mass member 5 on the cylinder 1, at this time the hammer mass member 5 compresses the first elastic member 4, and separating the hammer mass member 5 from the third locking member;

[0057] When the hammer mass member 5 is separated from the third locking member, at this time the first elastic member 4 ejects the hammer mass member 5 through its own elastic force, so that the hammer mass member 5 extends out of the cylinder 1 and hammers the side wall of the borehole 13.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, when dealing with faults developing nearly horizontally at the top of a tunnel, steeply inclined faults whose strike is nearly parallel to the tunnel axis, such as the first special unfavorable geological body 11 that is nearly parallel to the tunnel axis and steeply inclined outside the cross-section, the second special unfavorable geological body 12 that is nearly horizontal and distributed at the top outside the tunnel chamber, etc., the intersection angle between the propagation direction of seismic waves in the original seismic wave point layout method and the geological body is small. Although the unfavorable geological body itself is large in scale, the generated reflection interface is small, resulting in a small wave impedance difference, making it difficult to conduct effective detection. Moreover, the detection distance is short, the prediction effect is poor, and the excavation of pilot tunnels and adits takes a long time and generally needs to be carried out when the main tunnel stops excavation, which is unfavorable for the construction period and cost. The present invention provides a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device. By adopting this solution, the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device can be directly pushed into the borehole 13, so as to quickly arrange geophones and excitation points, making the distances from the geophones and excitation points to the coaxial line larger, so as to increase the intersection angle with the geological body and increase the reflection interface from the excitation and reception points to the unfavorable geological body. In a specific solution, it includes a cylinder body 1 with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the borehole 13, so that the cylinder body 1 can penetrate along the length direction of the borehole 13. Inside the cylinder body 1, there are respectively a geophone installation component and a vibration component to install geophones on the side wall of the borehole 13 and provide a seismic source. Among them, the geophone installation component includes a first locking part and a driving part. The first locking part fixes the geophone inside the cylinder body 1. When the cylinder body 1 moves to the position where the receiving point needs to be set in the borehole 13, at this time, the driving part drives the first locking part to move towards the opening direction of the cylinder body 1, so that the geophone on the first locking part extends out of the cylinder body 1 from the opening position. At this time, the geophone is close to the side wall of the borehole 13 and is fixed on the side wall of the borehole 13 through a second locking part. After the geophone is fixedly installed in place, at this time, the first locking part and the geophone are controlled to be separated, and the first locking part is driven by the driving part to reset to complete the installation of the geophone. Subsequently, the cylinder body 1 is pulled back to the position where the excitation point needs to be set, that is, the seismic source position. When it is necessary to start detection, the third locking part and the hammer mass 5 are separated. At this time, the hammer mass 5 pops out under the elastic force of the first elastic member 4 and extends out of the cylinder body 1 to hammer the side wall of the borehole 13, thereby generating a vibration wave. The geophone detects the seismic wave signal and transmits the signal to an external sensing device to complete data acquisition. Through the above three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device, the rapid installation of excitation points and receiving points in the borehole 13 can be realized. And by increasing the intersection angle with the geological body through the borehole 13 and increasing the reflection interface from the excitation and reception points to the unfavorable geological body, more wave impedance interfaces of reflected waves from the unfavorable geological body can be received, with little impact on the construction period and low construction cost.

[0059] As a specific implementation structure of the first locking member to complete the fixing and releasing of the detector, the first locking member includes a mounting plate 2. The mounting plate 2 is located inside the cylinder 1. One side of the mounting plate 2 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the cylinder 1, and the other side of the mounting plate 2 can rotate around its own side. The driving member is used to drive the mounting plate 2 to rotate, and the rotation of the mounting plate 2 is used to extend the detector from the outlet to outside the cylinder 1.

[0060] The mounting plate 2 is provided with a detector placement groove 201. The inner side wall of the detector placement groove 201 is provided with elastic clamping blocks 202. The elastic clamping blocks 202 are connected to the inner side wall of the detector placement groove 201 through second elastic members and are used to clamp the detector. In this solution, the first locking member includes a mounting plate 2. The mounting plate 2 is rotatably connected inside the cylinder 1, so as to realize flipping under the drive of the driving member. The mounting plate 2 is provided with a detector placement groove 201. The detector placement groove 201 can partially accommodate the detector. Elastic clamping blocks 202 are provided on its inner side wall. The elastic clamping blocks 202 are used to abut and clamp a local position of the detector to complete the fixing of the detector. Among them, the elastic clamping blocks 202 clamp locally and the clamping force is small, and only the basic fixing needs to be completed. Subsequently, the driving member controls the mounting plate 2 to rotate, so that the detector on the mounting plate 2 rotates synchronously and extends from the opening of the cylinder 1. When the detector is fixed on the side wall of the drilling hole 13 through the second locking member, at this time, the driving member can directly drive the mounting plate 2 to rotate in the reverse direction. In the case of a small clamping force, the detector will be directly pulled out of the detector placement groove 201 to complete the separation of the detector and the mounting plate 2. The top of the elastic clamping block 202 can preferably be set to an arc shape, so as to facilitate the separation of the detector through point clamping.

[0061] To facilitate the stable clamping of the detector in the axial direction of the cylinder 1, the inner side wall of the detector placement groove 201 is provided with a sliding groove. The opening of the sliding groove faces the inside of the detector placement groove 201. The elastic clamping block 202 is located inside the sliding groove and is slidably connected to the sliding groove. The second elastic member is a spring. The elastic clamping block 202 is connected to the bottom of the sliding groove through the second elastic member. In this solution, the local position of the detector is adapted to the size of the detector placement groove 201. The elastic clamping block 202 is jacked outwards under the elastic force of the spring to abut and clamp the side wall of the detector. When the detector is separated, the elastic clamping block 202 freely extends. In addition, a slope is provided at the bottom of the detector placement groove 201. The bottom of the detector is placed on the slope. One end of the slope close to the other side of the mounting plate 2 is inclined in the reverse direction of the rotation of the mounting plate 2, so as to facilitate the detector's mounting surface to face the side wall surface of the drilling hole 13 when the detector approaches the side wall of the drilling hole 13.

[0062] As a specific implementation of the second locking member, the second locking member is a pasting member disposed on the side wall of the geophone, and the geophone is pasted on the side wall of the borehole 13 through the pasting member. Wherein, the pasting member is an adhesive that can be pasted on the rock and soil to fix the geophone on the side wall of the borehole 13.

[0063] As a specific implementation structure of the driving member, the inside of the cylinder 1 has a bearing surface, and a sleeve 101 arranged along the length direction of the cylinder 1 is fixed on the bearing surface; one side of the mounting plate 2 has a connecting shaft 203, and the connecting shaft 203 passes through the sleeve 101 and is rotatably connected to the sleeve 101; one end of the connecting shaft 203 extends out of one end of the cylinder 1;

[0064] The driving member includes a connecting rod 3, and the connecting rod 3 is used for detachably connecting with one end of the connecting shaft 203; the length of the connecting rod 3 is variable. In this solution, the cylinder 1 has a solid part and a cavity part. The solid part has a bearing surface for placing the mounting plate 2, and the cavity part is used to leave a rotating area for the mounting plate 2. A sleeve 101 is provided on the bearing surface, and a connecting shaft 203 is provided on one side of the mounting plate 2. Preferably, a groove is provided on one side of the mounting plate 2, and the connecting shaft 203 is arranged in the groove. In this way, by rotatably sleeving the sleeve 101 on the connecting shaft 203, the mounting plate 2 can be rotatably connected on the bearing surface; in addition, one end of the connecting shaft 203 extends out of one end of the cylinder 1, and a connecting rod 3 is connected to the connecting shaft 203, and the length of the connecting rod 3 is variable. In this way, by changing the length of the connecting rod 3, it can adapt to the depth of the borehole 13; by driving the connecting rod 3 to rotate outside the borehole 13, the mounting plate 2 can be remotely driven to rotate to complete the installation of the geophone; the connecting rod 3 can adopt a telescopic rod or several rods that are detachably connected in sequence. For example, notches and inserts are respectively arranged at both ends of the rod, and the inserts are sequentially inserted into the sockets between several rods, and the connection is completed through pins.

[0065] To prevent the geophone from blocking the movement of the device when pulling back the device, the opening penetrates through both ends of the cylinder 1 along the side wall of the cylinder 1; the rotation path of the mounting plate 2 is located within the open area of the opening. In this solution, the area of the opening penetrates through both ends of the cylinder 1, thus leaving a corresponding vacant area to avoid the geophone when pulling back the device.

[0066] To prevent rock mass from falling into the inside of the cylinder 1 when pushing the cylinder 1 in, which affects the rotation of the mounting plate 2 and the pasting of the geophone, a flipping shell 102 is slidably connected to the side wall of the cylinder 1, and the flipping shell 102 can slide circumferentially along the cylinder 1 and is used to close the opening;

[0067] Both ends of the cylinder body 1 are provided with sliding through grooves 103. The length direction of the sliding through grooves 103 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylinder body 1. Both ends of the flipping shell 102 are provided with sliders 104 that pass through the sliding through grooves 103, and the sliders 104 can slide along the length direction of the sliding through grooves 103;

[0068] One end of the cylinder body 1 is rotatably connected with an intermediate rod 6. The intermediate rod 6 and the cylinder body 1 are coaxially arranged, and the length of the intermediate rod 6 is variable; a connecting rod 7 is fixed on the side wall of the intermediate rod 6, and both ends of the connecting rod 7 are respectively connected with the intermediate rod 6 and the slider 104. In this solution, the flipping shell 102 can be located inside or outside the cylinder body 1 and can rotate circumferentially around the cylinder body 1 to close the opening on the side wall of the cylinder body 1; in order to remotely control the rotation of the flipping shell 102 to realize the opening and closing of the opening, both ends of the flipping shell 102 are provided with extended sliders 104, and the sliders 104 extend from the inside of the sliding through grooves 103 to the outside of the sliding through grooves 103. In this way, while realizing the sliding connection, it is convenient to control the sliding of the sliders 104 externally; one end of the cylinder body 1 is provided with an intermediate rod 6 that is rotatably connected coaxially. The side wall of the intermediate rod 6 is connected with the slider 104 through the connecting rod 7, and the rotation center of the intermediate rod 6 is the same as the center of the sliding direction of the slider 104; therefore, driving the intermediate rod 6 to rotate can drive the flipping shell 102 to rotate through the slider 104; since the length of the intermediate rod 6 is variable, in this way, by changing the length of the intermediate rod 6, it can adapt to the depth of the drill hole 13; driving the intermediate rod 6 to rotate outside the drill hole 13 can remotely drive the flipping shell 102 to rotate to complete the opening and closing of the opening on the side wall of the cylinder body 1; the intermediate rod 6 can adopt a telescopic rod or several rods that are detachably connected in sequence. For example, notches and inserts are respectively arranged at both ends of the rods, and the inserts are sequentially inserted into the sockets between several rods, and the connection is completed through pins. In addition, through the intermediate rod 6 and the connecting rod 3, the advancement and retraction of the device can be realized.

[0069] As a specific implementation structure of a vibration component, both ends of the cylinder body 1 are provided with vibration components; a track groove 105 is arranged inside the end of the cylinder body 1, and the opening of the track groove 105 penetrates the side wall of the cylinder body 1; the hammering mass piece 5 is located in the track groove 105 and can move along the length direction of the track groove 105; both ends of the first elastic member 4 are respectively connected with the bottom of the track groove 105 and the hammering mass piece 5, and the first elastic member 4 is arranged along the length direction of the track groove 105;

[0070] An installation groove is also provided inside the end of the cylinder body 1, and the opening of the installation groove communicates with the middle of the track groove 105; a telescopic motor 106 is installed in the installation groove, and a baffle 107 is provided on the output end of the telescopic motor 106. The telescopic motor 106 is used to drive the baffle 107 to extend into or withdraw from the track groove 105; the baffle 107 is used to block the hammering mass 5. In this solution, a track groove 105 is provided at the end of the cylinder body 1 to provide a movement track for the hammering mass 5, which can be linear or arc-shaped; the hammering mass 5 can be a mass ball or other mass components. The first elastic member 4 is compressed in the track groove 105 to provide sufficient thrust for the hammering mass 5, and the first elastic member 4 is arranged along the length direction of the track groove 105; an installation groove is also provided inside the cylinder body 1 to install the telescopic motor 106. In the initial state, the telescopic motor 106 controls the baffle 107 to extend into the track groove 105 to block the hammering mass 5 and keep the first elastic member 4 in a compressed state; when the seismic source needs to be excited, the telescopic motor 106 is remotely controlled to retract, so that the baffle 107 withdraws from the track groove 105. At this time, the hammering mass 5 is released, and the first elastic member 4 enables the hammering mass 5 to quickly extend out of the track groove 105 and hammer the side wall of the borehole 13.

[0071] Embodiment 2:

[0072] On the basis of Embodiment 1, this Embodiment 2 is further optimized and also provides a detection method for detecting bad geological bodies, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown. In Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a is the position a of the traditional geophone layout, b is the layout position of this solution, that is, b1 / b2 / b3 / b4 / b5 / b6 are all boreholes 13, the geophones are fixed at the receiving points at the hollow circles in the figure, and the excitation points are located at the solid circles in the figure; the sections of b1, b3, and b5 are farther from the heading face 8 than the sections of b2, b4, and b6; in Figure 3 , it is the first special bad geological body 11 that is nearly parallel to the tunnel axis and steeply inclined to the outside of the section; in Figure 4 , it is the second special bad geological body 12 that is nearly horizontal and distributed at the top outside the tunnel.

[0073] The detection method for detecting bad geological bodies includes the following specific step principles:

[0074] To detect the presence and distribution location of special bad geological bodies, a number of boreholes 13 are arranged on the left and right sides of the side wall in front of the heading face 8, that is, boreholes 13 are arranged on both sides in the length direction of the excavated tunnel section 10. A number of boreholes 13 are distributed on the same circumferential path of the tunnel axis, preferably two circumferential paths, one close to the heading face 8 and the other farther from the heading face 8; a number of boreholes 13 are arranged on both circumferential paths and correspond one by one. The number of boreholes 13 is preferably perpendicular to the tunnel axis or has a certain pitch angle. Two boreholes 13 with the same elevation on the two circumferential paths are taken as a group, and a total of three groups of boreholes 13 are set. The three groups of boreholes 13 are horizontal to each other; the horizontal distance between the boreholes 13 in the same group can be set with reference to the tunnel excavation diameter, and there should be an obvious elevation difference between the upper and lower two groups of boreholes 13; to meet the conditions for the arrangement of boreholes 13, the geophones A5 and A10 located in the crown are discarded in the traditional method, and a total of 8 geophones are arranged; a total of 12 excitation points are set. The specific arrangement details of the excitation points and geophone fixing blocks are as follows: the fixing blocks of geophones A2 and A7 (A2 is closer to the side wall side than A7, the same below) are placed into borehole 13b1, the fixing blocks of geophones A3 and A8 are placed into borehole 13b2, the fixing blocks of geophones A4 and A9 are placed into borehole 13b3, and the fixing blocks of geophones A6 and A11 are placed into borehole 13b4; the excitation points S1, S2, S3 and S7, S8, S9 are respectively set in boreholes 13 of b1, b5, b3, and the excitation points S4, S5, S6 and S10, S11, S12 are respectively set in boreholes 13 of b2, b6, b4.

[0075] The above layout method requires setting the position coordinates of the excitation points and geophone points in advance. Since the geodetic coordinate system or relative coordinate system is generally used to measure the coordinates of the seismic source point and geophone point in the traditional survey layout method, for the survey layout method of special bad geological bodies, a relative coordinate system based on the borehole 13 is selected. Different from the traditional relative coordinate system that measures the relative coordinates between each point by a tape measure, the relative coordinate measurement method based on the borehole 13 is as follows: First, measure the coordinates of each borehole 13 relative to the center point of the heading face 8 by a total station; then measure the hole inclination, pitch angle of the borehole 13, and the hole depth of each excitation point and fixing block in the borehole 13; finally, the relative three-dimensional coordinates of each geophone point and excitation point under the new survey layout method can be calculated through the above information.

[0076] After obtaining the corresponding coordinates, a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device can be pushed into the borehole 13. First, open the flip shell 102 on the cylinder 1, apply quick-setting agent on the fixing block carried by the geophone, and then place it upside down in the geophone placement groove 201 of the mounting plate 2. The side wall of the geophone is temporarily fixed by the elastic clamping block 202, and the geophone connecting wire is arranged into the cylinder 1 at the same time and one end is pulled out of the hole. Then close the flip shell 102. Push the cylinder 1 into the borehole 13, and through the length change of the connecting rod 3 and the intermediate rod 6, quickly push the cylinder 1 to the receiving point, that is, the geophone installation position. After reaching the designated position, open the flip shell 102 by rotating the intermediate rod 6, and then rotate the connecting rod 3 to drive the mounting plate 2 to rotate until the geophone on the mounting plate 2 extends out of the opening of the cylinder 1, and the fixing block on the geophone adheres to the side wall of the borehole 13. After being firmly pasted to the rock wall, rotate the connecting rod 3 in the reverse direction. Since the geophone has been fixed, the geophone can be directly pulled out of the geophone placement groove 201 to complete the separation and installation of the geophone.

[0077] Subsequently, pull back the cylinder 1 through the intermediate rod 6 and the connecting rod 3 to move the cylinder 1 to the excitation point position, that is, the seismic source position. It is also necessary to connect the geophone connecting wire and the out-of-hole sensor to ensure normal communication between the sensor and the acquisition system base station. After the communication is completed, data acquisition can be started.

[0078] When it is necessary to start detection, control the telescopic motor 106 to retract, so that the baffle 107 exits the track groove 105. At this time, the hammering mass 5 is released, and through the first elastic member 4, the hammering mass 5 quickly extends out of the outlet of the track groove 105 and hammers the side wall of the borehole 13. In the above excitation process, after 3-channel data acquisition at the S1 excitation point is completed first, data acquisition can be sequentially completed according to the excitation point order (that is, S2, S3, S4... S11, S12).

[0079] Through the above steps, when the special bad geological body is Figure 3 of the type shown by the first special bad geological body 11, the reflection signal in the detection result map obtained by the traditional layout method is weak, and it is impossible to accurately judge the development position and scale of the bad geological body. The seismic waves generated by the improved layout method have a greatly increased reflection interface with the first special bad geological body 11, and the wave impedance difference generated is more obvious than that of the traditional exploration layout method. The wave impedance information of this geological body in the collected original data is effectively enhanced. By performing two-dimensional three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection on both sides of the side wall through the boreholes 13, the detection distance and accuracy of the geological body of the first special bad geological body 11 type can be improved, and the accuracy is higher.

[0080] When the special bad geological body is Figure 4When it comes to the type shown by the second special adverse geological body 12, the reflection signal in the detection result map obtained by the traditional point layout method is weak, and it is difficult to judge whether such a geological body exists. Through the improved in-hole point layout method, the positional relationship between the observation system and the adverse geological body is changed, so that the point layout is no longer limited by the space of the main tunnel. By conducting two three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detections on the left and right in the drill holes 13 on both sides of the side wall, it is possible to further verify whether the adverse geological body is hidden at the top of the cavern.

[0081] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device, characterized in that: include: A cylinder (1), wherein a side wall of the cylinder (1) is provided with an outlet communicating with the inside and the outside; A geophone installation assembly, the geophone installation assembly comprising a first locking member and a driving member, the first locking member being located inside the cylinder (1) and used to lock the geophone; The locking state of the first locking member includes: fixing the detector on the first locking member, and separating the detector from the first locking member; The driving member is connected to the first locking member and is used to drive the first locking member to move in a direction close to the outlet, and to make the detector extend from the outlet to the outside of the cylinder (1); the detector is provided with a second locking member, and the detector is used to be connected to the side wall of the borehole through the second locking member; A vibration assembly, the vibration assembly comprising a third locking member, a first elastic member (4) and a hammering mass member (5), all of which are located on the cylinder (1), the first elastic member (4) and the hammering mass member (5) are connected, and the third locking member is used to lock the hammering mass member (5); the locking state of the third locking member comprises: fixing the hammering mass member (5) on the cylinder (1), at which time the hammering mass member (5) compresses the first elastic member (4), and separating the hammering mass member (5) and the third locking member; When the hammering mass member (5) and the third locking member are separated, the first elastic member ejects the hammering mass member (5) by its own elastic force, so that the hammering mass member (5) extends out of the cylinder (1) and hammers the side wall of the drill hole.

2. The three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first locking member comprises a mounting plate (2), the mounting plate (2) being located inside the cylinder (1), one side of the mounting plate (2) being rotatably connected to the inner side of the cylinder (1), and the other side of the mounting plate (2) being capable of rotating around one side of itself; the driving member is used to drive the mounting plate (2) to rotate, and the rotation of the mounting plate (2) is used to extend the detector from the outlet to the outside of the cylinder (1); The mounting plate (2) is provided with a detector placement groove (201), the inner side wall of the detector placement groove (201) is provided with an elastic clamping block (202), the elastic clamping block is connected to the inner side wall of the detector placement groove (201) via a second elastic member, and is used to clamp the detector.

3. The three-dimensional seismic borehole detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the detector placement groove (201) is provided with a slide groove, the opening of which faces the inside of the detector placement groove (201), and the elastic clamping block (202) is located inside the slide groove and is slidably connected to the slide groove; the second elastic member is a spring, and the elastic clamping block (202) is connected to the bottom of the slide groove through the second elastic member.

4. The three-dimensional seismic borehole detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second locking piece is an adhesive piece arranged on the side wall of the detector, and the detector is adhered to the side wall of the borehole through the adhesive piece.

5. The three-dimensional seismic borehole detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder (1) has a bearing surface inside, and a sleeve (101) arranged along the length direction of the cylinder (1) is fixed on the bearing surface; one side of the mounting plate (2) has a connecting shaft (203), and the connecting shaft (203) passes through the sleeve (101) and is rotatably connected to the sleeve (101); one end of the connecting shaft (203) passes through one end of the cylinder (1); The driving member comprises a connecting rod (3), and the connecting rod (3) is used to be detachably connected to one end of the connecting shaft (203); the length of the connecting rod (3) is variable.

6. The three-dimensional seismic borehole detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The opening passes through both ends of the cylinder (1) along the side wall of the cylinder (1); and the rotation path of the mounting plate (2) is located in the open area of ​​the opening.

7. The three-dimensional seismic borehole detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the cylinder (1) is slidably connected with a flip shell (102), and the flip shell (102) can slide in an annular direction along the cylinder (1) and is used to close the opening; Both ends of the cylinder (1) are provided with sliding grooves (103), and the length direction of the sliding grooves (103) is arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylinder (1). Both ends of the flip shell (102) are provided with sliders (104) that pass through the sliding grooves (103), and the sliders (104) can slide along the length direction of the sliding grooves (103); One end of the cylinder (1) is rotatably connected to an intermediate rod (6); the intermediate rod (6) and the cylinder (1) are coaxially arranged, and the length of the intermediate rod is variable; a connecting rod (7) is fixed to the side wall of the intermediate rod (6); the two ends of the connecting rod (7) are respectively connected to the intermediate rod (6) and the slider (104).

8. The three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the cylinder (1) are provided with vibration components; a track groove (105) is provided in the end of the cylinder (1), and the opening of the track groove (105) passes through the side wall of the cylinder (1); the hammer mass member (5) is located in the track groove (105) and can move along the length direction of the track groove (105); the two ends of the first elastic member (4) are respectively connected to the bottom of the track groove (105) and the hammer mass member (5), and the first elastic member (4) is arranged along the length direction of the track groove (105); The end of the cylinder (1) is also provided with a mounting groove, the opening of the mounting groove is connected to the middle of the track groove (105); a telescopic motor (106) is installed in the mounting groove, and a baffle (107) is provided on the output end of the telescopic motor (106); the telescopic motor (106) is used to drive the baffle (107) to extend into or withdraw from the track groove (105); the baffle (107) is used to block the hammer mass member (5).

9. A detection method for detecting bad geological bodies, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: a plurality of annular paths are set in the length direction of the excavated tunnel section (10), a plurality of drill holes are opened on the side wall of each annular path, the plurality of drill holes are parallel to each other and are arranged on both sides of the excavated tunnel section (10); S2: In some boreholes, the position coordinates of the excitation point and the detection point are set, and the distance between the detection point and the hole axis is greater than the distance between the excitation point and the hole axis; S3: Pushing a three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 into each of the partial boreholes, and pushing the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device to the position of the detection point; S4: At this time, the driving member is controlled to drive the first locking member to move in a direction close to the outlet, and the detector is extended from the outlet to the outside of the cylinder (1). When the detector is extended, the detector is connected to the side wall of the borehole through the second locking member. Then, the first locking member and the detector are separated, so that the first locking member is reset; S5: then pulling back the three-dimensional seismic wave in-hole detection device to the excitation point position; S6: When it is necessary to start the detection, the third locking member and the hammering mass member (5) are controlled to separate, and the hammering mass member (5) is ejected under the elastic force of the first elastic member (4), so that the hammering mass member (5) extends out of the cylinder (1) and hammers the side wall of the borehole to stimulate seismic waves; S7: The detector detects the seismic wave signal and transmits the signal to the external sensing device to complete the data acquisition.

10. A detection method for detecting bad geological bodies according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific steps of setting the position coordinates of the excitation point and the detection point in each borehole include: S21: Measure the coordinates of each borehole relative to the center point of the tunnel face by using a total station; S22: Then measure the hole inclination, the hole pitch angle, and the hole depth of each excitation point and the fixed block in each borehole; S23: Finally, the relative three-dimensional coordinates of each detection point and excitation point under the survey layout are calculated.

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