Method for evaluating carbon emission of free-range large livestock

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating carbon emission of free-range large livestock, and relates to the technical field of animal husbandry and carbon emission monitoring computation.The method comprises the steps that firstly, a positioning tracking device, a posture monitoring device and a digestion monitoring device are used, and a temperature and humidity monitoring device is arranged in a free-range area; activity data, ingestion and digestion related data and environmental factor data in the livestock free-ranging area are obtained respectively; establishing an emission calculation model by applying a big data analysis technology and a mathematical modeling method; carrying out calibration verification on the model by adopting actually measured livestock carbon dioxide and methane emission data; and substituting the collected data into the calibrated model to obtain the carbon dioxide and methane emission of the livestock. According to the method, the carbon dioxide and methane emissions in the whole life cycle of the livestock are calculated by using the model, carbon emission trajectory tracking of the whole growth cycle of the free-range large livestock is realized, and a reliable data basis is provided for greenhouse gas emission reduction and sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry and carbon emission monitoring and calculation, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating carbon emissions of free-range large livestock. Background Art

[0002] In the context of the increasingly severe global environmental situation today, the issue of climate change has become a major challenge faced by all mankind. As one of the key factors triggering climate change, greenhouse gas emissions have received high attention from the international community. Each country and region is actively seeking effective measures to address the negative impacts brought by greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction, and sustainable development. According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2022, animal husbandry accounts for about 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, of which about 65% comes from the breeding activities of cattle. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions are important components and play a crucial role in the global greenhouse gas budget.

[0003] There are various breeding methods for large livestock (such as cattle, horses, camels, etc.), and free-range is a relatively traditional and common mode. During the free-range process, large livestock move and feed freely in the natural environment. Compared with other breeding methods such as captive breeding, they have more complex and frequent interactions with the external environment. The life activities of large livestock will inevitably generate carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and in the free-range state, this emission situation will become more complex and difficult to accurately measure.

[0004] Although many achievements have been made in the field of greenhouse gas emission research, and there are also some estimation methods for the greenhouse gas emissions of the entire animal husbandry or captive livestock, these methods are often based on some relatively idealized models or a limited number of parameters and cannot be accurately applied to the complex and variable actual breeding scenarios of free-range large livestock. Most of them cannot fully consider the comprehensive impacts among livestock activities, feeding and digestion, and environmental factors, resulting in a large deviation between the estimated carbon emissions and the actual emissions. This makes it difficult to accurately grasp the actual situation of free-range large livestock, an important emission source in the region, and is not conducive to policymakers formulating effective greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies and sustainable development policies for animal husbandry at the macro level. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating carbon emissions of free-range large livestock, which can accurately obtain the carbon emissions of free-range large livestock.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating carbon emissions of free-range large livestock, including the following steps:

[0008] Obtain the activity data, feeding and digestion-related data, and environmental factor data of livestock within a certain time period in the target free-range area of livestock.

[0009] Based on the above data, use big data analysis technology and mathematical modeling methods to establish a carbon emission calculation model for free-range large livestock.

[0010] Use the measured data to calibrate and verify the model to make the error within an acceptable range.

[0011] Substitute the collected corresponding data into the calibrated model to obtain the carbon emissions of free-range livestock.

[0012] Furthermore, set 24 hours as a time period.

[0013] Furthermore, the activity data is the carbon dioxide / methane emissions generated by livestock activities, which is obtained by installing a positioning and tracking device and a posture monitoring device. Its calculation formula is: Q m =k m ×M 1 ×M 2 ×M 3 ;

[0014] Among them, Q m is the carbon dioxide / methane emissions generated by livestock activities; k m is the emission coefficient related to activities (kg·(h·intensity coefficient·kg) -1 ); M 1 is the activity duration (h) of livestock in this time period; M 2 is the activity intensity coefficient, and its value depends on the activity intensity level division corresponding to different behaviors of livestock. It is set that when lying down, M 2 =0, when walking slowly, M 2 =1, when walking at a normal speed, M 2 =2, when trotting, M 2 =3, when running fast, M 2 =4, etc. The comprehensive activity intensity coefficient is calculated by weighted calculation of the behavior action frequency data recorded by the posture monitoring device; M 3 is the livestock weight (kg).

[0015] Furthermore, the feeding and digestion-related data is obtained by actually measuring with a digestion monitoring device installed on the livestock.

[0016] Furthermore, the environmental factors are obtained by collecting the plant resource quantity and distribution and environmental temperature and humidity in the free-range area. Its calculation formula is: Q e =k e ×E 1 ×E 2;

[0017] Among them, Qe is the impact of environmental factors on the carbon dioxide / methane emissions of livestock; ke is the comprehensive emission adjustment coefficient of environmental factors, which is used to adjust the impact weight of each environmental factor on the overall emissions; E 1 is the environmental temperature impact coefficient, which is related to the environmental temperature T (°C) where the livestock is located; E 2 is the environmental humidity impact coefficient, which is related to the relative environmental humidity H (%).

[0018] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the total carbon dioxide emissions generated by the free-range livestock is: Q CO2 = Q m1 + Q d1 + Q e1 ; Among them, Q CO2 is the total carbon dioxide emissions (kg) generated by the free-range livestock; Q m1 is the carbon dioxide emissions (kg) generated by the livestock's activities; Q d1 is the carbon dioxide emissions (kg) related to foraging and digestion; Q e1 is the impact of environmental factors on the carbon dioxide emissions of livestock (kg);

[0019] The calculation formula for the total methane emissions generated by the free-range livestock is: Q CH4 = Q m2 + Q d2 + Q e2 ; Among them, Q CH4 is the total methane emissions (kg) generated by the free-range livestock; Q m2 is the methane emissions (kg) generated by the livestock's activities; Q d2 is the methane emissions (kg) related to foraging and digestion; Q e2 is the impact of environmental factors on the methane emissions of livestock (kg);

[0020] The calculation formula for the total carbon emissions generated by the free-range livestock is: Q C = Q CO2 + Q CH4 ; Among them, Q c is the total carbon emissions (kg) generated by the free-range livestock.

[0021] Furthermore, the optimization algorithm used for the calibration and verification is the genetic algorithm.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including:

[0023] A memory; and

[0024] A processor, which is configured to execute the steps of the above-mentioned method for evaluating the carbon emissions of free-range large livestock.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: First, by using a positioning and tracking device, an attitude monitoring device, and a digestion monitoring device, and arranging temperature and humidity monitoring devices in the free-range area, the activity data, feeding and digestion-related data, and environmental factor data in the free-range area of livestock are obtained respectively; by using big data analysis technology and mathematical modeling methods, comprehensively considering the impacts of livestock activity intensity, feeding situation, digestion and metabolism, and environmental factors on carbon dioxide and methane emissions, an emission calculation model is established; the model is calibrated and verified with the actually measured carbon dioxide and methane emission data of livestock to make the error within an acceptable range; according to the above data collection method, the corresponding data is collected and substituted into the calibrated model, and the carbon dioxide and methane emissions of livestock can be obtained. The present invention uses a carbon emission calculation model for free-range large livestock to calculate the carbon dioxide and methane emissions during the whole life cycle of livestock, so as to realize the tracking of the carbon emission trajectory of free-range large livestock during the whole growth cycle, and provide a reliable data basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction and sustainable development in the livestock industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Flow chart of the evaluation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art of the present technology field. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of the present technology field, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions created using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for evaluating carbon emissions of free-range large livestock, including the following steps:

[0029] 101. Obtain the activity data, feeding and digestion-related data, and environmental factor data of livestock in the free-range area of the target livestock within a certain time period;

[0030] 102. Based on the above data, use big data analysis technology and mathematical modeling methods to establish a carbon emission calculation model for free-range large livestock;

[0031] 103. Calibrate and verify the model with the measured data to make the error within an acceptable range;

[0032] 104. Substitute the collected corresponding data into the calibrated model, and the carbon emissions of free-range livestock can be obtained.

[0033] Among them, before performing step 101, it further includes:

[0034] Encode the livestock in the target free-range livestock area to obtain the encoded livestock.

[0035] According to the set time period, monitor the information of the encoded livestock to obtain the monitoring information of the encoded livestock.

[0036] Specifically, the encoding should include the livestock species and the breeding time, where different numbers represent the livestock species.

[0037] Specifically, number the livestock entering the pen according to the livestock species and the breeding time, and generate corresponding two-dimensional codes. After scanning the two-dimensional code, the relevant information of the livestock can be viewed, such as the number, livestock species, livestock weight, breeding time, location, movement status, and daily carbon emissions.

[0038] Among them, the activity data is obtained by installing a positioning and tracking device and a posture monitoring device. The activity trajectory, movement speed, activity duration, and behavior action frequency (including the frequencies of different behaviors such as standing, walking, running, lying down, etc.) of the livestock in the target free-range livestock area within a certain time period are obtained, and the collected data is transmitted to the database for storage in real time; specifically, the positioning and tracking device is a GPS locator, and the posture monitoring device is an acceleration sensor.

[0039] The data related to feeding and digestion is obtained by regularly collecting information such as the vegetation species and coverage in the free-range area to determine the amount and distribution of plant resources that the livestock can eat; a digestion monitoring device is installed on the livestock to monitor the generation of carbon dioxide and methane during the digestion process after the livestock eats, record the cumulative amounts of carbon dioxide and methane generated at different time periods during the digestion process, and transmit these data to the database; specifically, the digestion monitoring device is a rumen fermentation monitoring sensor; the amount and distribution of plant resources are obtained by means such as the quadrat method combined with remote sensing image analysis. Specifically, the temperature and humidity monitoring device is a temperature and humidity recorder.

[0040] Among them, when performing step 102, specifically, it can be as follows:

[0041] S1. The activity data is the carbon dioxide / methane emission generated by livestock activities, which is obtained by installing a positioning and tracking device and a posture monitoring device. Its calculation formula is: Q m = k m ×M 1 ×M 2 ×M 3 .

[0042] Among them, Q m is the carbon dioxide / methane emission generated by livestock activities; k m is the emission coefficient related to activities (kg·(h·intensity coefficient·kg) -1);M 1 is the activity duration (h) of livestock during this time period; M 2 is the activity intensity coefficient, and its value depends on the activity intensity level division corresponding to different behaviors of livestock. It is set that when lying down, M 2 = 0, when walking slowly, M 2 = 1, walking at normal speed, M 2 = 2, trotting, M 2 = 3, running fast, M 2 = 4, etc. The comprehensive activity intensity coefficient is calculated by weighted calculation of the behavior action frequency data recorded by the posture monitoring device; M 3 is the body weight (kg) of livestock.

[0043] S2. The data related to feeding and digestion are obtained through actual measurement by installing a digestion monitoring device on the livestock.

[0044] S3. The environmental factors are obtained by collecting the plant resource quantity and distribution and the environmental temperature and humidity in the free-range area. Its calculation formula is: Q e = k e × E 1 × E 2 ;

[0045] Among them, Qe is the impact of environmental factors on the carbon dioxide / methane emissions of livestock; ke is the comprehensive emission adjustment coefficient of environmental factors, which is used to adjust the impact weight of each environmental factor on the overall emissions; E 1 is the environmental temperature impact coefficient, which is related to the environmental temperature T (°C) where the livestock is located; E 2 is the environmental humidity impact coefficient, which is related to the environmental relative humidity H (%).

[0046] S4. The calculation formula for the total carbon dioxide emissions of the free-range livestock is: Q CO2 = Q m1 + Q d1 + Q e1 ; Among them, Q CO2 is the total carbon dioxide emissions (kg) of the free-range livestock; Q m1 is the carbon dioxide emissions (kg) generated by the livestock's activities; Q d1 is the carbon dioxide emissions (kg) related to feeding and digestion; Q e1 is the impact of environmental factors on the carbon dioxide emissions of livestock (kg);

[0047] The calculation formula for the total methane emissions of the free-range livestock is: Q CH4 = Q m2 + Q d2 + Q e2 ; Among them, Q CH4Total methane emissions generated by free-range livestock (kg); Q m2 Methane emissions generated by livestock activities (kg); Q d2 Methane emissions related to foraging and digestion (kg); Q e2 Impact of environmental factors on livestock methane emissions (kg);

[0048] The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions generated by the free-range livestock is: Q C = Q CO2 + Q CH4 ; where Q c is the total carbon emissions generated by free-range livestock (kg).

[0049] Among them, when performing step 103, it can be specifically as follows:

[0050] Based on the collected measured total carbon emission data, construct a free-range livestock carbon emission calculation model. According to the above model calibration and verification method, by comparing the difference between the predicted emissions and the measured total carbon emissions, use the genetic algorithm to adjust and optimize the model coefficients. After multiple rounds of iteration, control the error within 5%, and complete the model calibration and verification.

[0051] Among them, when performing step 104, it can specifically include:

[0052] For the entire free-range livestock population, collect relevant data according to the data collection mode described above, substitute it into the calibrated model, calculate the total carbon emissions of the population, and formulate reasonable management measures such as grazing routes and feed supplements according to the evaluation results to reduce carbon emissions.

[0053] It should be noted that the object information (including but not limited to object device information, object personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the object or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of relevant countries and regions.

[0054] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The databases involved in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database can include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., and is not limited thereto. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in the present application can be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., and is not limited thereto.

[0055] Example 1. The carbon emission assessment results of free-range livestock will be specifically disclosed below.

[0056] In this embodiment, a certain grassland area is selected as the free-range area for cattle, and the number of free-range cattle is 200. Now, the carbon dioxide and methane emissions of the cattle in this area are evaluated by using the above-mentioned carbon emission assessment method for free-range large livestock. The specific process is as follows:

[0057] Code the livestock in the target free-range area of livestock to obtain the coded livestock.

[0058] In the early stage of model establishment, collect the activity data of livestock. Install GPS locators on 200 cattle and continuously track and record for 1 month. For example, the duration M 1 of a certain cattle in the active state (including walking, foraging and moving, etc.) on a certain day is 6h.

[0059] Collect the activity intensity data of livestock. Use an acceleration sensor to detect the behavior action frequency of cattle, and calculate the activity intensity coefficient M 2 according to the actually collected data. For example, on a certain day, the lying behavior of a certain cattle accounts for 20% (corresponding intensity coefficient 0), the slow walking behavior accounts for 30% (corresponding intensity coefficient 1), the normal speed walking accounts for 40% (corresponding intensity coefficient 2), and the trotting accounts for 10% (corresponding intensity coefficient 3). Then the activity intensity coefficient M 2 is calculated as follows: M 2 =

[0060] 0×0.2 + 1×0.3 + 2×0.4 + 3×0.1 = 1.4.

[0061] The weight M 3 of a certain cattle on a certain day is 450 kg.

[0062] Install rumen fermentation monitoring sensors on 200 cattle. The amount of carbon dioxide Q d1is 1.2 kg, and the methane quantity Q d2 is 0.1 kg.

[0063] Collect data on the environmental factors of livestock. Use a temperature and humidity recorder to collect environmental temperature and humidity data. For example, on a certain day, the temperature T is 20 °C and the relative humidity H is 50%.

[0064] In the model determination stage, based on 1 month of continuous tracking records, obtain the activity-related emission coefficient k m The emission value of carbon dioxide is taken as 0.004 kg·(h·intensity coefficient·kg) -1 and the emission value of methane is taken as 0.0002 kg·(h·intensity coefficient·kg) -1 ; obtain the environmental temperature influence coefficient E 1 The relationship with the temperature T is E 1 = 0.01×T + 0.1. The relationship between the environmental humidity influence coefficient E2 and the relative humidity H is E 2 = 0.005×H + 0.005; obtain the emission adjustment coefficient k for the comprehensive environmental factors e The emission value of carbon dioxide is taken as 0.001, and the emission value of methane is taken as 0.0001.

[0065] Therefore, establish a carbon emission calculation model for free-range livestock. The total carbon dioxide emission Q on a certain day CO2 = 0.004×6×1.4×450 + 1.2 + 0.001×0.3×0.3 = 16.32009 kg, and the total methane emission Q CH4 = 0.0002×6×1.4×450 + 0.1 + 0.005×0.3×0.3 = 0.85645 kg. Then the total carbon emission Q generated by the free-range livestock on that day c = 16.32009 + 0.85645 = 17.17654 kg.

[0066] In the model calibration and verification stage, collect the actual total carbon emissions of livestock in the free-range area and compare the difference with the predicted emissions Q c . Use the genetic algorithm to adjust and optimize the model coefficients. After multiple rounds of iteration, control the error within 5% to complete the model calibration and verification.

[0067] Using the calibrated model, the daily carbon emissions of free-range livestock can be calculated and monitored. Based on the carbon emissions, formulate reasonable management measures such as grazing routes and feed supplements to reduce carbon emissions.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0069] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing carbon emissions from free-range large livestock, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtaining the activity data, feeding and digestion-related data, and environmental factor data of livestock in the target livestock free-range area within a certain period of time; Based on the above data, a carbon emission calculation model for free-range large livestock is established using big data analysis technology and mathematical modeling methods; Use measured data to calibrate and verify the model to keep the error within an acceptable range; By substituting the collected corresponding data into the calibrated model, the carbon emissions of free-range livestock can be obtained.

2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Set 24 hours as a time period.

3. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activity data is the carbon dioxide / methane emissions generated by livestock activities, which is obtained by installing positioning tracking devices and posture monitoring devices. The calculation formula is: Q m =k m ×M1×M2×M3; Among them, Q m CO2 / methane emissions from livestock activities; m is the emission factor related to the activity (kg·(h·intensity factor·kg) -1 ); M1 is the duration of livestock activity in this time period (h); M2 is the activity intensity coefficient, and its value depends on the activity intensity level classification corresponding to different behaviors of livestock. M2 is set to 0 when lying down, M2 is set to 1 when walking slowly, M2 is set to 2 when walking at normal speed, M2 is set to 3 when trotting, and M2 is set to 4 when running fast. The comprehensive activity intensity coefficient is calculated by weighted calculation based on the behavioral action frequency data recorded by the posture monitoring device; M3 is the livestock weight (kg).

4. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding and digestion related data are obtained by installing a digestion monitoring device on livestock.

5. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental factors are obtained by collecting the amount and distribution of plant resources and the environmental temperature and humidity in the free-range area, and the calculation formula is: Q e =k e ×E1×E2; Among them, Qe is the impact of environmental factors on carbon dioxide / methane emissions from livestock; ke is the comprehensive emission adjustment coefficient of environmental factors, which is used to adjust the weight of the impact of each environmental factor on the overall emission; E1 is the environmental temperature influence coefficient, which is related to the ambient temperature T (℃) of the livestock; E2 is the environmental humidity influence coefficient, which is related to the ambient relative humidity H (%).

6. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated by free-range livestock is calculated as follows: Q CO2 =Q m1 +Q d1 +Q e1 ; Among them, Q CO2 is the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from free-range livestock (kg); Q m1 Carbon dioxide emissions from livestock activities (kg); Q d1 Q is the carbon dioxide emission related to feeding and digestion (kg); e1 is the impact of environmental factors on livestock carbon dioxide emissions (kg); The total amount of methane emissions from free-range livestock is calculated as follows: Q CH4 =Q m2 +Q d2 +Q e2 ; Among them, Q CH4 is the total amount of methane emissions from free-range livestock (kg); Q m2 Methane emissions from livestock activities (kg); Q d2 is the methane emission related to feeding and digestion (kg); Q e2 is the impact of environmental factors on livestock methane emissions (kg); The total carbon emissions from free-range livestock are calculated as follows: Q C =Q CO2 +Q CH4 ; Among them, Q c is the total carbon emissions generated by free-range livestock (kg).

7. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization algorithm used in the calibration verification is a genetic algorithm.

8. A computer device comprising: Memory; as well as A processor configured to execute the steps of a method for assessing carbon emissions from free-range large livestock as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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