Method and system for evaluating fish passing effect of cascade hub fish passing facility and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for evaluating the fish passing effect of a cascade hub fish passing facility and application. Comprising the following steps: S1, collecting data of main fish passing objects in a research basin; s2, constructing a fish passing effect evaluation index system of the step hub fish passing facility; s3, establishing a fish passing effect evaluation model of the step hub fish passing facility; and S4, comprehensively evaluating the fish passing effect of the cascade hub fish passing facility. The invention provides the method for evaluating the fish passing effect of the step hub fish passing facility, a reference basis is provided for evaluating the operation effect of the step hub fish passing facility function, and meanwhile optimization of similar fish passing facility design is guided. The method is not only an evaluation tool, but also a bridge for connecting theoretical research and practical application, provides a solid data basis and strategy direction for operation and maintenance of cascade hub fish passing facilities and even the whole ecological restoration project, and shows the practical value of the method in the aspect of promoting the scientific development of ecological water conservancy projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological hydraulics, and particularly relates to a method, system and application for evaluating the fish passage effect of fish passage facilities in cascade hubs. Background Art

[0002] The construction of cascade hydraulic hub projects is an important measure for humans to harness and develop rivers. After the completion of the projects, the optimal allocation and rational use of water resources can be achieved, and they have great comprehensive benefits in aspects such as flood control, power generation, and shipping. At the same time, they also have a certain impact on the basin ecological environment, such as affecting habitats such as river runoff, water temperature, water quality, sediment, and drawdown zones, and also blocking the communication of aquatic organisms such as fish.

[0003] The effective operation of fish passage facilities is one of the important means to protect the longitudinal connectivity of rivers, and it plays an important role in mitigating the impact of dam blockage and restoring fish migration channels. After the fish passage facilities are put into operation, it is necessary to carry out the evaluation of the operation effect, verify the effectiveness through practice and improve the deficiencies of the initial design, improve the fish passage function and optimize the operation management mode. At the same time, it can also provide reference for the design of other similar fish passage facilities. The research on fish passage facilities in China started relatively late. Although many scholars have carried out a large number of researches and practices on the design, construction and operation effect monitoring and evaluation of fish passage facilities, there are still a large number of fish passage facilities lacking the evaluation of fish passage effect at present. For the projects that have carried out the monitoring of the operation effect of fish passage facilities, there are also problems such as uncertain monitoring indicators, single monitoring technology, short continuous period, unclear application of various technical methods and the meaning of indicators, resulting in messy observation results and lack of comparability and systematicness.

[0004] At present, most of the research and practice on the operation effect evaluation carried out in China only evaluate the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of a single hub, and do not study the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of cascade hubs. On the one hand, the basic research on fish passage facilities is relatively weak; on the other hand, there is no index system and evaluation standard for the operation effect evaluation after the cascade fish passage facilities are built. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate a systematic evaluation standard system for the operation effect of cascade hub fish passage facilities to provide reference and guidance for the fish passage effect evaluation of domestic fish passage facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies and defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system and application for evaluating the fish passage effect of fish passage facilities in cascade hubs. The method comprehensively considers the relevant data of the fish passage facilities in cascade hubs, constructs an evaluation index system, and determines each level and index of the evaluation system. An evaluation model is established, the analytic hierarchy process is used to construct a comparison matrix of influence degrees, and the comprehensive weights of each level of indicators are obtained. On this basis, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to conduct a fuzzy evaluation on each level of elements and factors, comprehensively evaluate the influence degree of each level of elements on the total goal, and obtain the final evaluation result.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the fish passage effect of a cascade hub fish passage facility, including the following steps:

[0008] S1: Collect data on the main fish passage objects in the study basin; analyze the protection value of different fish from the aspects of fish species composition, distribution and ecological habits, and make a preliminary determination of the fish passage objects; the fish passage object data in step S1 includes species composition, distribution, biological characteristics, population structure and reproductive characteristics.

[0009] S2: Construct an evaluation index system for the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facility; the evaluation index system in S2 consists of three criterion layers: hydraulic evaluation, ecological evaluation and hub evaluation. The hydraulic evaluation includes three sub-criterion layers: fish passage facility hydraulics, river dynamics, and river water environment science; the ecological evaluation includes three sub-criterion layers: fish passage efficiency, fish habitat conditions, and fish swimming habits; the hub evaluation includes three sub-criterion layers: fish passage design scheme, hub ecological regulation, and target fish integrity.

[0010] S3: Establish an evaluation model for the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facility; specifically:

[0011] S3.1) Determine the factor set U, which is composed of various factors for the evaluation of the fish passage facility, that is, the evaluation index system, and the evaluation index system is divided into a 4-level structure;

[0012] S3.2) Determine the evaluation set V, and establish a fuzzy interval according to the possible evaluation results of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub;

[0013] S3.3) Use the "1-9 scale method" to judge the importance of the indicators, and invite experts to score the importance of each factor; construct a judgment matrix A, and use the hierarchical single sorting method to obtain the weight vector.

[0014] S4: Comprehensively evaluate the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facility, and score the indicators of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub in the study basin according to the following factors, including:

[0015] S4.1) Hydraulic evaluation: Recheck the geometric structure dimensions of the fish passage facility to ensure that the design meets the requirements of hydraulic conditions; monitor the physical and chemical indicators of the water body, including pH, water temperature, DO, conductivity and transparency, and follow the GB3838 standard; use numerical simulation to predict the flow field and sediment deposition state, and pay attention to the hydraulic elements and sediment transport conditions; specifically:

[0016] S4.11: Hydraulic condition compliance observation and evaluation shall be carried out according to the design data. For those with poor water flow conditions, the geometric structure dimensions of the fish passage facilities shall be rechecked. The recheck of the geometric structure dimensions shall include the key dimensions of the fish passage facilities, and the compliance degree of the main design indicators shall be evaluated.

[0017] S4.12: Monitor and evaluate the water environment indicators such as pH, water temperature, DO, conductivity, transparency, etc. inside the fish passage facilities. The monitoring and evaluation methods shall be implemented in accordance with the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard GB3838.

[0018] S4.13: For the possible flow field and sedimentation conditions inside the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub under the flow intensity and incoming sediment concentration of the basin where the fish passage facilities are located, through numerical simulation methods, simulate and calculate the change of sediment concentration in the pool chamber water flow and the distribution of sediment deposition at the bottom of the pool. It includes two aspects: the simulation of the hydraulic elements of the fish passage facilities and the simulation of sediment transport. The control equations also include two parts: water flow and sediment transport.

[0019] S4.2) Ecological evaluation: Use hydroacoustic equipment to monitor the underwater terrain and fish activities, including location, movement patterns and trajectories; calculate the entrance efficiency of the fish passage facilities, which reflects the proportion of fish groups entering the fish passage facilities; calculate the fish passage efficiency of the fish passage facilities, that is, the proportion of fish groups passing through the fish passage facilities. Specifically:

[0020] S4.21: The measurement and monitoring of the underwater terrain and flow field downstream of the dam can be observed by using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. The monitoring of fish aggregation downstream of the dam can be carried out by using hydroacoustic detection, ultrasonic telemetry and other methods. The marking method can be used to monitor the position distribution, movement characteristics and movement trajectories of fish downstream of the dam.

[0021] S4.22: Entrance efficiency of the fish passage facilities: The ratio of the number of marked fish reaching the monitoring section at the entrance of the fish passage facilities to the number of released fish. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0022] E o =(N 1 / C×N 0 )×100%; where E o is the entrance efficiency of the fish passage facilities; N 1 is the number of marked fish entering the section; N 0 is the number of actually released marked fish; C is the mortality coefficient of the marked test fish (0≤C≤1).

[0023] S4.23: The calculation of the fish passage efficiency of the fish passage facilities is as follows:

[0024] E f =N p / N t ×100%; where, E f is the fish passage efficiency of the fish passage facilities, %; Np The number of fish passing through the outlet section of the fish passage facility during a certain period; N t The number of upstream fish in the inlet section of the fish passage facility during a certain period;

[0025] S4.3) Hub evaluation: Analyze the economic benefits, ecological effects and social contributions of the fish passage facility, including the impacts on industry, ecological environment and social well-being; Evaluate the effectiveness of ecological regulation through a 3D model; Evaluate the changes in key habitats and their impacts on species diversity; Specifically:

[0026] S4.31: Consider the role of the fish passage facility in promoting the restoration of fishery resources, increasing fishery production and economic benefits; Evaluate the impacts of the facility on related industries such as local tourism and water resource utilization; Analyze the social benefits of the fish passage facility in protecting the ecological environment and raising public environmental awareness; Consider the impacts of the facility on the quality of life of residents around the river and community development;

[0027] S4.32: Based on the actual topographic data and hydrological regulation data of the cascade hub, construct a 3D simulation model of the underwater terrain and hydraulic structures to evaluate the effect of ecological regulation;

[0028] S4.33: Evaluate the suitability, effective area, population quantity and structure of the key habitats of the protected objects in the isolated river section, and analyze the dynamic changes between different periods.

[0029] S4.4) Assign values to the comment set, and finally judge the fish passage effect of the fish passage facility of the cascade hub according to the score.

[0030] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a fish passage effect evaluation system for a fish passage facility of a cascade hub, including a data acquisition module, an evaluation index system construction module, an evaluation model establishment module and a comprehensive evaluation module, which can realize the systematic evaluation of the fish passage facility. The data acquisition module is used to collect hydrological, ecological and fish-related data in the basin; The evaluation index system construction module is used to establish a multi-level evaluation index system, including hydraulic evaluation, ecological evaluation and hub evaluation.

[0031] In the third aspect, the present invention provides an application for evaluating the fish passage effect of a fish passage facility of a cascade hub, using the method as described above to evaluate the operation effect of the fish passage facility, and providing a basis for the optimal design of the facility.

[0032] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. The present invention provides a systematic evaluation method. By constructing an evaluation index system for the fish passage effect of the fish passage facility of the cascade hub, it can comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the operation effect of the fish passage facility. This systematicness helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation, and provides data support for subsequent management and optimization.

[0034] 2. By evaluating fish passage facilities, it is possible to effectively monitor and improve the migration channels of fish, promote the ecological restoration of aquatic organisms, protect the integrity of river ecosystems, and is of great significance for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.

[0035] 3. The method of the present invention is not only applicable to the evaluation of existing fish passage facilities, but also provides a reference basis for the design of future similar facilities. By analyzing the evaluation results, the deficiencies of existing facilities can be found, so as to guide subsequent design optimization and improve the function and efficiency of the facilities.

[0036] 4. By evaluating the impact of fish passage facilities on the restoration of fishery resources and economic benefits, it can provide a scientific basis for relevant decision-making and promote the sustainable development of fisheries. At the same time, it also helps to improve the public's environmental protection awareness and promote social attention to ecological protection.

[0037] 5. The method of the present invention provides technical guidance for the research of fish passage facilities at domestic cascade hubs, fills the research gap in this field in China, and promotes the progress and development of related technologies.

[0038] 6. The method of the present invention involves knowledge of multiple disciplines such as ecological hydraulics, environmental science, and fishery science, reflecting the research idea of multi-disciplinary intersection, and is helpful to comprehensively solve complex ecological environment problems.

[0039] The present invention realizes the effectiveness and accuracy of evaluating the fish passage effect of fish passage facilities at cascade hubs through a series of designed technical steps. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system covering the data of main fish passage objects, the present invention creates a systematic evaluation framework that can comprehensively consider the effect of fish passage facilities and ensure the comprehensiveness and depth of the evaluation process. Relying on a detailed evaluation model, the present invention realizes the quantitative analysis of the fish passage effect, making the evaluation results objective and fair, avoiding the deviation caused by subjective judgment, and increasing the professionalism and credibility of the evaluation. The historical and real-time data collected supports the continuous iteration and improvement of the evaluation model, so that the method of the present invention can be continuously adjusted with the changes of time and environment to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Based on the evaluation results, designers and engineers can obtain specific feedback for improving the design scheme, optimizing the layout and parameter settings of fish passage facilities, and promoting the continuous optimization of the project.

[0040] Furthermore, by accurately evaluating the role of fish passage facilities, the present invention directly promotes the free migration of aquatic organisms, maintains the health of water ecosystems, and has a positive impact on the protection of biodiversity. Relevant government departments can formulate or revise relevant policies according to the evaluation report, such as fish passage period management regulations, water resource scheduling plans, etc., to better coordinate the relationship between human activities and nature protection.

[0041] In summary, the practicality and beneficial effects of the present invention lie not only in scientifically evaluating the operation effect of the fish passage facilities, but also in promoting ecological protection, sustainable utilization of resources and technological progress, and contributing to the coordinated development of economic development and ecological protection.

[0042] In short, the present invention is not only an evaluation tool, but also a bridge connecting theoretical research and practical application, providing a solid data basis and strategic direction for the operation and maintenance of the fish passage facilities of cascade hubs and even the entire ecological restoration project, demonstrating its practical value in promoting the scientific development of ecological water conservancy projects. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a cascade hub project.

[0045] Figure 3 It is an evaluation system diagram of the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub. Detailed Embodiment

[0046] S1: Collect data on the main fish passage targets in the study basin;

[0047] In the first step, the investigation content includes species composition, distribution, biological characteristics, population structure, and reproductive characteristics. Analyze the protection value of different fish from aspects such as fish species composition, distribution, and ecological habits, and make a preliminary determination of the fish passage targets.

[0048] S2: Construct an evaluation index system for the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub;

[0049] Hierarchicalize various factors affecting the evaluation indexes. Divide the levels according to different factors. If a factor can be determined by some other factors, the intermediate layer can be further decomposed. The present invention divides the evaluation system of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub into 4 layers:

[0050] (1) Target layer: The final result of the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method, that is, to realize the evaluation of the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub;

[0051] (2) Criterion layer: The first-level evaluation indexes of the analytic hierarchy process, including hydraulic evaluation, ecological evaluation, and hub evaluation;

[0052] (3) Sub-criterion layer: The second-level evaluation indexes of the analytic hierarchy process, which are the subdivisions under the first-level evaluation indexes, including 9 sub-criterion layer indexes;

[0053] (4) Index layer: The subdivision of the sub-criterion layer factors, that is, the basic evaluation indexes, including 34 indexes, and the specific indexes are as Figure 3 shown.

[0054] S3: Establish an evaluation model for the fish passage effect of cascade hub fish passage facilities;

[0055] S3.1) Determine the factor set

[0056] The factor set U is composed of various factors for the evaluation of fish passage facilities, that is, the evaluation index system. The evaluation index system is divided into a four-level structure and can be expressed as U = {ui} (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). Among them, the first level is the target layer, that is, the evaluation of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facility u1; the second level is the criterion layer u2, which is composed of 3 evaluation factors; the third level is the sub-criterion layer u3, which is composed of 9 evaluation factors; the fourth level is the index layer u4, which is composed of 34 evaluation factors.

[0057] S3.2) Determine the evaluation set

[0058] According to the possible evaluation results of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facilities, a fuzzy interval is established. The present invention will construct 5 evaluation grades, and define the comment set V = {vi} (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), which respectively represent "poor", "relatively poor", "general", "relatively good", "good", as shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1 Fuzzy interval and meaning

[0060]

[0061] S3.3) Determine the comprehensive weight of the indicators

[0062] Use the "1-9 scale method" to judge the importance of the indicators, and invite experts to score the importance of each factor.

[0063] Table 2 Scale and meaning of the analytic hierarchy process

[0064]

[0065] According to the above scale, construct a judgment matrix A, and use the single hierarchy sorting method to find the weight vectors A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, which respectively correspond to 9 sub-criterion layers.

[0066] S4: Comprehensively evaluate the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facilities

[0067] According to the industry standards or technical guidelines promulgated by relevant national departments, consider the following factors to score the indicators of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub in the study basin.

[0068] S4.1) Hydraulic evaluation

[0069] S4.11) Hydrodynamic compliance observation and assessment should be carried out based on design data. For those with poor water flow conditions, the geometric structure dimensions of the fish passage facilities should be rechecked. The recheck of geometric structure dimensions should include the key dimensions of the fish passage facilities to evaluate the compliance degree of the main design indicators.

[0070] S4.12) Monitor and evaluate the water environment indicators such as pH, water temperature, DO, conductivity, transparency, etc. inside the fish passage facilities. The monitoring and evaluation methods should be carried out in accordance with the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard GB3838.

[0071] S4.13) For the possible flow field and sedimentation conditions inside the fish passage facilities under the water flow intensity and incoming sediment concentration in the basin where the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub are located, through numerical simulation methods, simulate and calculate the change of sediment concentration in the pool chamber water flow and the distribution of sediment deposition at the bottom of the pool. It includes two aspects: the simulation of the hydraulic elements of the fish passage facilities and the simulation of sediment transport, and the control equations also include two parts: water flow and sediment transport.

[0072] S4.2) Ecological assessment

[0073] S4.21) An acoustic Doppler current profiler can be used to measure and monitor the underwater topography and flow field downstream of the dam. Methods such as hydroacoustic detection and ultrasonic telemetry can be used to monitor the fish aggregation downstream of the dam, and the tagging method can be used to monitor the position distribution, movement characteristics and movement trajectories of fish downstream of the dam.

[0074] S4.22) Entrance efficiency of fish passage facilities: The ratio of the number of tagged fish reaching the monitoring section at the entrance of the fish passage facilities to the number of released fish. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0075] E o =(N 1 / C×N 0 )×100%

[0076] Where, E o is the entrance efficiency of the fish passage facilities; N 1 is the number of tagged fish entering the section; N 0 is the number of actually released tagged fish; C is the death coefficient of tagged test fish (0≤C≤1).

[0077] S4.23) The fish passage efficiency of the fish passage facilities is calculated as follows:

[0078] E f =N p / N t ×100%

[0079] Where, E f is the fish passage efficiency of the fish passage facilities, %; N p is the number of fish passing through the outlet section of the fish passage facilities within a certain time period; N tThe number of upstream fish in the intake section of the fish passage facility during a certain period.

[0080] S4.3) Hub evaluation

[0081] S4.31) Consider the role of the fish passage facility in promoting the restoration of fishery resources, increasing fishery production and economic benefits. Evaluate the impact of the facility on related industries such as local tourism and water resource utilization. Analyze the social benefits of the fish passage facility in protecting the ecological environment and enhancing public environmental awareness. Consider the impact of the facility on the quality of life of residents around the river and community development.

[0082] S4.32) Based on the actual topographic data and hydrological operation data of the cascade hub, construct a three-dimensional simulation model of the underwater terrain and hydraulic structures to evaluate the effect of ecological operation.

[0083] S4.33) Evaluate the suitability, effective area of the key habitats of the protected objects in the isolated river section, as well as the population quantity and structure, and analyze the dynamic changes between different periods.

[0084] After scoring, normalize the data, establish the first-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation relation matrices R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and extract the sub-criterion layer weight vectors A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 obtained by the analytic hierarchy process. Obtain the impact evaluation value vectors B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9 of each sub-criterion layer from B = A * R. Based on this, construct the second-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix: R = (B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9). Extract the criterion layer weight vector A obtained by the analytic hierarchy process, then the fish passage effect evaluation value B of the cascade hub fish passage facility is B = A * R.

[0085] Assign values to the comment set, and finally judge the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facility according to the score.

[0086] Example 1

[0087] S1: Collect data on the main fish passage objects in the study basin;

[0088] According to the information obtained, the target migratory fish of the cascade fish passage facilities in the study basin are Rhinogobio ventralis, Coreius guichenoti, Schizothorax dolichonema, Schizothorax wangchiachii, Schizothorax prenanti, Abbottina rivularis, and their ecological habits and habitat requirements are shown in Table 3.

[0089] Table 3 Target migratory fish of the cascade fish passage facility in Example 1 and their ecological habits and habitat requirements

[0090]

[0091] S2: Construct an evaluation index system for the fish passage effect of the cascade hub fish passage facility;

[0092] The fish passage effect evaluation system of cascade hubs in the present invention is divided into four levels:

[0093] (1) Target level: The final result of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation method, that is, to evaluate the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub;

[0094] (2) Criterion level: The first-level evaluation indicators of the analytic hierarchy process, including hydraulic assessment, ecological assessment, and hub assessment;

[0095] (3) Sub-criterion level: The second-level evaluation indicators of the analytic hierarchy process, which are subdivisions under the first-level evaluation indicators, including 9 sub-criterion level indicators;

[0096] (4) Index level: The subdivision of the sub-criterion level factors, that is, the basic evaluation indicators.

[0097] S3: Establish an evaluation model for the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub;

[0098] S3.1) Determine the factor set

[0099] The factor set U is composed of various factors for evaluating the fish passage facilities, that is, the evaluation index system. The evaluation index system is divided into a four-level structure, which can be expressed as U = {ui} (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). Among them, the first level is the target level, that is, the evaluation of the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub u1; the second level is the criterion level u2, which is composed of 3 evaluation factors; the third level is the sub-criterion level u3, which is composed of 9 evaluation factors; the fourth level is the index level u4, which is composed of 34 evaluation factors.

[0100] S3.2) Determine the evaluation set

[0101] According to the possible evaluation results of the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub, a fuzzy interval is established. In the present invention, five evaluation grades are constructed, and the comment set V = {vi} (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is defined, which respectively represent "poor", "relatively poor", "average", "relatively good", and "good", as shown in Table 4.

[0102] Table 4 Fuzzy interval and its meaning

[0103]

[0104] S3.3) Determine the comprehensive weight of the indicators

[0105] The "1-9 scale method" is used to judge the importance of the indicators. Experts are invited to score the importance of each factor according to the specific situation of the basin where the fish passage facilities of the cascade hub are located, so as to obtain the weights of the indicators at each level of the index system, and the combined weight of each indicator obtained by multiplying the weights of the indicators at each level, as shown in Table 5.

[0106] Table 5 Weights of Indicators at All Levels of the Indicator System

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] S4: Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fish Passage Effect of the Cascade Hub Fish Passage Facility

[0110] According to the industry standards or technical guidelines promulgated by relevant national departments, score the indicators of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub in the research basin and perform normalization processing, as shown in Table 6.

[0111] Table 6 Statistical Results of Score for Each Indicator

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] It can be seen from Table 6 that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation relationship matrix R1 of the fish passage facility hydraulics is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] Extract the social impact weight vector obtained by the analytic hierarchy process: A1=(0.1645, 0.1435, 0.1784, 0.1536, 0.1673, 0.1927)

[0117] Then the evaluation value B1 of the fish passage facility hydraulics = A1 * R1 = (0.193, 0.267, 0.268, 0.172, 0.101). Assign the "5 points", "4 points", "3 points", "2 points", and "1 point" in the comment set to B1 respectively, then C1 = 0.193 * 5 + 0.267 * 4 + 0.268 * 3 + 0.172 * 2 + 0.101 * 1 = 3.282.

[0118] Similarly, calculate B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, and establish the secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix R=(B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9).

[0119] Extract the weight vector of the criterion layer obtained by the analytic hierarchy process:

[0120] A=(0.0758, 0.0758, 0.0758, 0.2831, 0.1236, 0.1080, 0.0799, 0.0815, 0.0799).

[0121] Then the evaluation value B of the fish passage facility in Example 1 = A * R = (0.128, 0.345, 0.296, 0.134, 0.097).

[0122] Assign values to the comment set. Let the score be C, then C = 0.128 * 5 + 0.345 * 4 + 0.296 * 3 + 0.134 * 2 + 0.097 * 1 = 3.273. Therefore, the fish passage effect of this stepped fishway is between "good" and "average".

[0123] Example 2

[0124] S1: Collect data on the main fish passage targets in the study basin;

[0125] According to the information obtained, the target migratory fish of the stepped fishway in the study basin are Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi, Schizothorax prenanti, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Rhinogobio ventralis, Coreius guichenoti, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, Onychostoma sima, and Semilabeo notabilis, and their ecological habits and habitats are shown in Table 7. Spring fish, and their ecological habits and habitat requirements are shown in Table 7.

[0126] Table 7 Target migratory fish, ecological habits, and habitat requirements of the stepped fishway in Example 2

[0127]

[0128] S2: Construct an evaluation index system for the fish passage effect of the stepped hub fishway;

[0129] The evaluation system for the fish passage effect of the stepped hub in the present invention is divided into 4 layers:

[0130] (1) Target layer: The final result of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, that is, to evaluate the fish passage effect of the stepped hub fishway;

[0131] (2) Criterion layer: The primary evaluation indicators of the analytic hierarchy process, including hydraulic evaluation, ecological evaluation, and hub evaluation;

[0132] (3) Sub-criterion layer: The secondary evaluation indicators of the analytic hierarchy process, which are subdivisions under the primary evaluation indicators, including 9 sub-criterion layer indicators;

[0133] (4) Index layer: The subdivision of the sub-criterion layer factors, that is, the basic evaluation indicators.

[0134] S3: Establish an evaluation model for the fish passage effect of the stepped hub fishway;

[0135] S3.1) Determine the factor set

[0136] The factor set U consists of various factors for the evaluation of fish passage facilities, that is, the evaluation index system. The evaluation index system is divided into a four-level structure, which can be expressed as U = {ui} (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). Among them, the first level is the target layer, that is, the evaluation of the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities in the cascade hub u1; the second level is the criterion layer u2, which consists of 3 evaluation factors; the third level is the sub-criterion layer u3, which consists of 9 evaluation factors; the fourth level is the index layer u4, which consists of 34 evaluation factors.

[0137] S3.2) Determine the evaluation set

[0138] According to the possible evaluation results of the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities in the cascade hub, a fuzzy interval is established. In the present invention, 5 evaluation grades are constructed, and the comment set V = {vi} (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is defined, which respectively represent "poor", "relatively poor", "average", "relatively good", and "good", as shown in Table 8.

[0139] Table 8 Fuzzy interval and its meaning

[0140]

[0141] S3.3) Determine the comprehensive weight of the indicators

[0142] The "1-9 scale method" is used to judge the importance of the indicators. Experts are invited to score the importance of each factor according to the specific situation of the basin where the fish passage facilities in the cascade hub are located, so as to obtain the weights of the indicators at each level of the index system, and the combined weight of each indicator obtained by multiplying the weights of the indicators at each level, as shown in Table 9.

[0143] Table 9 Weights of indicators at each level of the index system

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] S4: Comprehensively evaluate the fish passage effect of the fish passage facilities in the cascade hub

[0147] According to the industry standards or technical guidelines promulgated by relevant national departments, the indicators of the fish passage effect of the cascade hub in the research basin are scored and normalized, as shown in Table 10.

[0148] Table 10 Statistical results of the scoring of each indicator

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] As can be seen from Table 10, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation relationship matrix R1 of the hydraulics of the fish passage facilities in Example 2 is as follows:

[0152]

[0153] Extract the social impact weight vector obtained by the analytic hierarchy process: A1 = (0.1564, 0.1564, 0.1564, 0.1673, 0.1358, 0.2277)

[0154] Then the hydraulic evaluation value B1 of the fish passage facility is B1 = A1 * R1 = (0.32, 0.335, 0.212, 0.06, 0.073). Assign the values of "5 points", "4 points", "3 points", "2 points", and "1 point" in the comment set to B1 respectively. Then C1 = 0.32 * 5 + 0.335 * 4 + 0.212 * 3 + 0.06 * 2 + 0.073 * 1 = 3.769.

[0155] Similarly, calculate B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, and establish the secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix R = (B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9).

[0156] Extract the weight vector of the criterion layer obtained by the analytic hierarchy process: A = (0.0636, 0.0636, 0.0636, 0.3012, 0.1053, 0.1148, 0.0641, 0.0755, 0.1485).

[0157] Then the evaluation value B of the fish passage facility in Embodiment 2 is B = A * R = (0.401, 0.322, 0.196, 0.054, 0.027).

[0158] Assign values to the comment set. Let the score be C. Then C = 0.401 * 5 + 0.322 * 4 + 0.196 * 3 + 0.134 * 2 + 0.097 * 1 = 4.246. Then the fish passing effect of this cascade fish passage facility is between "good" and "relatively good".

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the fish passing effect of a cascade hub fish passing facility, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Collect data on major fish species in the study basin; analyze the conservation value of different fish species from the perspective of species composition, distribution and ecological habits, and make a preliminary assessment of the fish species; S2: Construct an evaluation index system for the fish passing effect of cascade hub fish passing facilities; S3: Establish a fish passing effect evaluation model for cascade hub fish passing facilities; S4: Comprehensively evaluate the fish passing effect of cascade hub fish passing facilities.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fish object data in step S1 includes species composition, distribution, biological characteristics, population structure and reproductive characteristics.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The evaluation index system in S2 is composed of three criteria layers: hydraulic evaluation, ecological evaluation and hub evaluation.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydraulic assessment includes three sub-criteria layers: hydraulics of fish passage facilities, river dynamics, and river water environment; The ecological assessment includes three sub-criteria layers: fish passing efficiency, fish habitat conditions, and fish swimming habits; The hub assessment includes three sub-criteria layers: fish passage design plan, hub ecological regulation, and target fish integrity.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the S3, specifically: S3.1) Determine the factor set U, which is composed of various factors for the evaluation of fish passage facilities, namely the evaluation index system. The evaluation index system is divided into a 4-level structure; S3.2) Determine the evaluation set V, and establish the fuzzy interval according to the possible evaluation results of the fish passing effect of the cascade hub; S3.3) Use the "1-9 scale method" to judge the importance of the indicators, and invite experts to score the importance of each factor; construct a judgment matrix A, and use the hierarchical single sorting method to calculate the weight vector.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S4 scores the fish passing effect index of the cascade hubs in the study basin according to the following factors, including: S4.1) Hydraulic assessment: Review the geometric dimensions of the fish passage facilities to ensure that the design meets the hydraulic requirements; monitor the physical and chemical indicators of the water body, including pH, water temperature, DO, conductivity and transparency, in accordance with GB3838 standards; use numerical simulation to predict the flow field and sediment deposition state, and pay attention to hydraulic elements and sediment transport conditions; S4.2) Ecological assessment: Use hydroacoustic equipment to monitor underwater topography and fish activities, including location, movement patterns and trajectories; calculate the entrance efficiency of fish passage facilities, reflecting the proportion of fish entering the fish passage facilities; calculate the fish passage efficiency of fish passage facilities, that is, the proportion of fish passing through the fish passage facilities; S4.3) Hub evaluation: Analyze the economic benefits, ecological effects and social contributions of fish passage facilities, including the impact on industry, ecological environment and social welfare; evaluate the effectiveness of ecological scheduling through three-dimensional models; evaluate changes in key habitats and their impact on species diversity; S4.4) Assign values ​​to the comment set, and finally judge the fish passing effect of the cascade hub fish passing facility based on the scores.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S4.2) of the ecological assessment, the efficiency of the fish passage facility entrance is the ratio of the number of marked fish arriving at the monitoring section of the fish passage facility entrance to the number of released fish; The calculation formula is: o =(N1 / C×N0)×100%; where E o is the entrance efficiency of the fish passage facility; N1 is the number of tagged fish entering the section; N0 is the number of tagged fish actually released; C is the mortality coefficient of tagged test fish (0≤C≤1); The fish passing efficiency of the fish passing facility is calculated as: E f =N p / N t ×100%; where E f is the fish passing efficiency of the fish passing facility, %; N p N is the number of fish passing through the exit section of the fish passing facility within a certain period of time; t It is the number of fishes that pass through the inlet section of the fish passing facility during a certain period of time.

8. A fish passing effect evaluation system for cascade hub fish passing facilities, characterized by: It includes data collection module, evaluation index system construction module, evaluation model establishment module and comprehensive evaluation module, which can realize the systematic evaluation of fish passing facilities.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition module is used to collect hydrological, ecological and fish related data in the basin; The evaluation index system building module is used to establish a multi-level evaluation index system, including hydraulic evaluation, ecological evaluation and hub evaluation.

10. An application for evaluating the fish passing effect of fish passing facilities in cascade hubs, characterized in that: By using the methods described in claims 1 to 7, the operation effect of the fish passing facility is evaluated to provide a basis for the optimal design of the facility.

Images