Charging communication switching method and apparatus for electric vehicle charging through dynamic wireless power transfer using multiple access points

Abstract

The charging communication switching method according to the present invention comprises the following steps: an EVCC installed on an electric vehicle sends a switching trigger request to a first SECC, so that the first SECC performs WLAN scanning so as to find a second SECC which is adjacent to the first SECC and can support a D-WPT service at the same time, the first SECC corresponds to a first primary component that transmits power to the electric vehicle by dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT); and the EVCC transmits a message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC based on a result of the WLAN scan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to charging communication technology for an electric vehicle (EV), and more particularly, to charging communication technology for dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using wireless local area network (WLAN) technology. Background Art

[0002] The description of this section only provides background information of the embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to specify the prior art of the present disclosure.

[0003] An electric vehicle (EV) is driven by an electric motor with electric power stored in a battery, and compared with a conventional gasoline engine vehicle, it produces less pollution, such as exhaust gas and noise, and has the advantages of fewer failures, longer lifespan, and simplified driving operation.

[0004] EVs can be classified into hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicles (EVs) based on the drive power source. HEVs have an engine as the main power source and an electric motor as the auxiliary power source. PHEVs have an electric motor and a battery as the main power source and an engine used when the battery discharges. EVs have an electric motor but no engine.

[0005] An electric vehicle charging system can be defined as a system that charges a battery installed in an electric vehicle using electric power obtained from a commercial power grid or stored in an energy storage device. Depending on the type of electric vehicle, such an electric vehicle charging system can have various forms. For example, an electric vehicle charging system can include a conductive charging system using a cable or a non-contact wireless power transfer system.

[0006] During a charging session, a receiving pad of a vehicle assembly (VA) installed in an electric vehicle can form an inductive resonant coupling with a transmitting pad of a ground assembly (GA) installed at a charging station or a charging point, and the battery of the EV can be charged using the electric power transmitted from the ground assembly through the inductive resonant coupling.

[0007] When an electric vehicle is being charged, a robotic arm or a manipulator can be used to supply electric power from an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) to a charging inlet or a charging port at the charging door of the electric vehicle.

[0008] In this case, considering various types of charging ports in electric vehicles, various types of electric vehicle supply equipment, and various charging methods, it may be necessary to define a process for positioning between the electric vehicle and the manipulator and additional preparation operations for the power source.

[0009] The message sequence between the power grid and the EV can be predefined between a Supply Equipment Communication Controller (SECC) located on the grid side and an Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC) installed in the EV, and can be implemented by exchanging message pairs of request messages and response messages.

[0010] Generally, power is supplied to the EV to charge its battery by a charging method using an automatic coupling device, wireless power transfer, or AC charging or DC charging. To charge the battery, the EV exchanges messages related to session establishment, vehicle location setting, vehicle location, pairing, authentication and authorization setting, authentication and authorization, service discovery, service details, and service selection with the SECC.

[0011] For example, if after receiving the vehicle location setting response message, the EV fails to find a compatible method for location or pairing for charging using an automatic coupling device or wireless power transfer, the EV can move from the session stop state to the service discovery state through service renegotiation.

[0012] Recently, the introduction of dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) technology in addition to static wireless power transfer (S-WPT) technology is being considered. However, the protocol for message sequencing for D-WPT between an electric vehicle and the power grid and the rules for message parameters in this protocol have not been established in the industry or relevant industrial standards such as the ISO 15118 standard. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0014] To solve the above problems, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a charging communication method and device for dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using wireless local area network (WLAN) technology. Here, dynamic wireless power transfer can be understood as wireless power transfer performed when a vehicle or a mobile device is moving.

[0015] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for performing association, pairing, and SECC discovery protocol (SDP) between an Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC) and a power supply device communication controller (SECC) using WLAN when charging an electric vehicle through a D-WPT service.

[0016] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for performing a handover process between SECCs when charging an electric vehicle through a D-WPT service.

[0017] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for performing a handover process between an access point (AP) and an SECC in a multi-AP environment when charging an electric vehicle through a D-WPT service.

[0018] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for exchanging additional information for providing D-WPT service when charging an electric vehicle through D-WPT service in a multi-AP environment, taking into account changes in the driving conditions of the electric vehicle.

[0019] Technical solution

[0020] According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a charging communication switching method in an electric vehicle charging system using a plurality of access points. The method includes: sending a switching trigger request from an electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) installed in the electric vehicle to a first power supply equipment communication controller (SECC), where the first power supply equipment communication controller (SECC) corresponds to a first primary component that transmits power to the electric vehicle through dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT), such that the first SECC performs a WLAN scan to discover a second SECC adjacent to the first SECC and capable of supporting D-WPT service; and sending a message including the switching trigger request to the second SECC by the EVCC based on the result of the WLAN scan.

[0021] The WLAN scan can be performed through cooperation between the first SECC and a first access point (AP) controller that manages the coverage of the first AP where the first SECC is located.

[0022] The WLAN scan may include a process of discovering a second AP controller through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, where the second AP controller manages the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing D-WPT service.

[0023] The WLAN scan may include a process of discovering a second SECC through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, where the second SECC is located within the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing D-WPT service and is associated with a second primary component installed in the D-WPT road infrastructure.

[0024] The charging communication switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include: after sending the switching trigger request to the first SECC, terminating wireless power transfer in cooperation with the first SECC.

[0025] The message sent to the second SECC and including the switching trigger request may further include a probe request for the second SECC.

[0026] The charging communication switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include: after sending a message including the switching trigger request to the second SECC, performing probing and association between the EVCC and the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0027] The charging communication switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include: after sending a message including a handover trigger request to a second SECC, performing a SECC Discovery Protocol (SDP) through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0028] The charging communication switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include: when establishing a session after a message including a handover trigger request is sent to the second SECC, performing precise positioning of the electric vehicle; exchanging parameters between the EVCC and the second SECC; and checking the alignment between the electric vehicle and a second primary component coupled to the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0029] The charging communication switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include: when the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined threshold as a result of D-WPT service between a first primary component and the electric vehicle, transitioning the state of the EVCC to a standby state; and when the SOC of the electric vehicle becomes lower than the predetermined threshold in the standby state, resuming wireless power transfer to the electric vehicle based on the D-WPT service.

[0030] According to another aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided an electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) installed in an electric vehicle and associated with a secondary component that receives power from a primary component.

[0031] The EVCC includes a processor configured to receive at least one instruction from a memory and execute the at least one instruction. When executing the at least one instruction, the processor is configured to: transmit a handover trigger request to a first power supply device communication controller (SECC) via dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) such that the first SECC performs a WLAN scan to discover a second SECC adjacent to the first SECC and capable of supporting D-WPT service, wherein the first power supply device communication controller (SECC) corresponds to the first primary component for transmitting power to the electric vehicle; and transmit a message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC based on the result of the WLAN scan.

[0032] The WLAN scan may be performed through cooperation between the first SECC and a first access point (AP) controller that manages the coverage of the first AP where the first SECC is located.

[0033] The WLAN scan may include a process of discovering a second AP controller through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, where the second AP controller manages the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing D-WPT service.

[0034] The WLAN scan may include a process of discovering a second SECC through cooperation between a first SECC and a first AP controller, where the second SECC is within the coverage of a second AP related to D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing D-WPT services and is associated with a second primary component installed in the D-WPT road infrastructure.

[0035] After transmitting a handover trigger request to the first SECC, the processor may terminate wireless power transfer in cooperation with the first SECC.

[0036] A message sent to the second SECC and including a handover trigger request may further include a probe request for the second SECC.

[0037] After sending a message including a handover trigger request to the second SECC, the processor may perform probing and association between the EVCC and the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0038] After sending a message including a handover trigger request to the second SECC, the processor may perform a SECC Discovery Protocol (SDP) through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0039] When a session is established after a message including a handover trigger request is sent to the second SECC, the processor may perform precise positioning of the electric vehicle; exchange parameters between the EVCC and the second SECC; and check the alignment between the electric vehicle and the second primary component coupled to the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0040] When the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined threshold as a result of D-WPT service between the first primary component and the electric vehicle, the processor may transition the state of the EVCC to a standby state; and when the SOC of the electric vehicle becomes lower than the predetermined threshold in the standby state, resume wireless power transfer to the electric vehicle based on the D-WPT service.

[0041] Advantageous Effects

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a charging communication method and apparatus for dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using wireless local area network (WLAN) technology. Here, dynamic wireless power transfer may be understood as wireless power transfer performed when a vehicle or a mobile device is moving.

[0043] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a process of performing association, pairing, and a SECC discovery protocol (SDP) between an electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) and a power supply device communication controller (SECC) using WLAN when charging an electric vehicle via a D-WPT service.

[0044] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of performing a handover process between SECCs when charging an electric vehicle via a D-WPT service.

[0045] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of performing a handover process between an access point (AP) and a SECC when charging an electric vehicle via a D-WPT service in a multi-AP environment.

[0046] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of exchanging additional information for providing a D-WPT service in consideration of changes in the driving condition of an electric vehicle when charging the electric vehicle via a D-WPT service in a multi-AP environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram of a charging infrastructure for charging an electric vehicle via dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using parallel lines according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of a charging infrastructure for charging an electric vehicle via dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using segmented parallel lines according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram of a charging infrastructure for charging an electric vehicle via dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using segmented coils according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing a process of performing communication setup, a charging communication session, and a charging session for D-WPT according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 5 is a detailed illustration of performing Figure 4 the charging communication session shown in;

[0052] Figure 6 is a detailed illustration of performing Figure 4 the charging session shown in;

[0053] Figure 7is a conceptual diagram showing a use case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which an electric vehicle starting from a parking lot travels on a D-WPT road without changing lanes and then arrives at the parking lot;

[0054] Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram showing the protocol for terminating charging in the use case of Figure 7 ;

[0055] Figure 9 is a conceptual diagram showing a use case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which an electric vehicle changes lanes or exits the range of the WLAN on the D-WPT road;

[0056] Figure 10 is a conceptual diagram showing the protocol executed in the use case of Figure 9 , in which an electric vehicle changes lanes and / or leaves the range of the WLAN;

[0057] Figure 11 is a conceptual diagram showing a use case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which an electric vehicle traveling on a D-WPT road arrives at a parking lot that supports S-WPT services compatible with D-WPT;

[0058] Figure 12 is a conceptual diagram showing the protocol executed when an electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot in the use case of Figure 11 ;

[0059] Figure 13 and Figure 14 is a conceptual diagram showing the process of changing the primary component according to the vehicle movement during the D-WPT service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Figure 15 is a flowchart showing a protocol sequence for D-WPT service according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 16 is a flowchart showing the primary component change process according to vehicle movement and the WLAN-based handover process for D-WPT service according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 17 is a flowchart showing a part of the process of executing a WPT session after the handover process shown in Figure 16 ;

[0063] Figure 18 is a flowchart showing a part of the process of handling a WPT session for executing Figure 15 ;

[0064] Figure 19is a sequence diagram showing a compatibility check process, association, SECC discovery, identification, and pairing process, as well as a common protocol identification process for D-WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 20 is a detailed illustration of Figure 19 the scheme shown in

[0066] Figure 21 is a sequence diagram showing a protocol negotiation, positioning, and pairing process for D-WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Figure 22 is a detailed illustration of Figure 21 the protocol shown in

[0068] Figure 23 is a sequence diagram showing an alignment check, cable check, pre-charging, charging control, and monitoring process for D-WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Figure 24 is a detailed illustration of Figure 23 the alignment check process shown in

[0070] Figures 25 to 27 is a sequence diagram showing an SECC and / or AP switching process for D-WPT services when the vehicle is moving according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0071] Figure 28 is a block diagram of a charging communication device for D-WPT according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and shows a physical configuration of an internal structure of a computing system suitable for implementing a general EVCC, SECC, SDP entity, and / or AP controller. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0072] In addition to the above purposes, another purpose and feature of the present disclosure will become more apparent by referring to the description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] To more clearly understand the features and advantages of the present invention, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0074] In this specification, terms including ordinal numbers (such as "first" and "second") designated for explaining various components are used to distinguish the components from other components, but are not intended to be limited to specific components. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a second component may be referred to as a first component, and similarly, a first component may also be referred to as a second component. As used herein, the term "and / or" may include one or more of the associated listed items and any and all combinations of the listed items.

[0075] In the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of a combination of one or more of A and B". Further, in the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, "one or more of A and B" may mean "one or more of A or B" or "a combination of one or more of A and B".

[0076] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another component, the component may be directly logically or physically connected or coupled to the other component or indirectly connected through an intervening object. In contrast, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another component, it should be understood that there is no intervening object between the components. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a similar manner.

[0077] These terms are used herein only for the purpose of describing specific exemplary embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular form also includes plural referents. Moreover, the expressions "comprising", "including", "configured", "configured to" are used to refer to the presence of the recited features, quantities, processing steps, operations, elements, or components of a combination, but are not intended to preclude the presence or addition of another feature, quantity, processing step, operation, element, or component.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical or scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms such as those commonly defined in a dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted as having an ideal or overly formal meaning unless expressly defined in this application.

[0079] Meanwhile, if necessary, one or more conventional components may be included in the configuration of the present disclosure, and such components will be described herein to the extent that they do not obscure the technical concept and idea of the present disclosure. However, if the description of conventional components may obscure the technical concept and idea of the present disclosure, for simplicity, the detailed description of these components may be omitted.

[0080] For example, before charging an electric vehicle or when transmitting or receiving information required for an execution process by applying a mobile communication technology such as Wi-Fi or 5G in a single layer, conventional techniques that were publicly known before the submission of this disclosure can be used to perform setup, association, pairing, positioning, localization, and docking / undocking control. At least some of the conventional techniques can be used as basic techniques for implementing this disclosure.

[0081] However, this disclosure is not intended to claim these known techniques, and some of the conventional techniques may be included in the description of the exemplary embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to implement the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical concept of the exemplary embodiments.

[0082] The terms used in this disclosure are defined as follows.

[0083] "Electric vehicle (EV)": A motor vehicle, as defined in 49 CFR 523.3, intended for highway use, powered by an electric motor that draws current from an on-vehicle energy storage device (such as a battery), and the on-vehicle energy storage device can be charged from an off-vehicle source (such as residential or utility service or an on-vehicle fuel generator).

[0084] EVs may include electric vehicles, electric road vehicles (ERVs), plug-in vehicles (PVs), electric vehicles (xEVs), etc., and xEVs can be classified as plug-in battery electric vehicles (BEVs), battery electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), hybrid plug-in electric vehicles (HPEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), etc.

[0085] "Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV)": An electric vehicle that charges its on-vehicle main battery by connecting to the power grid.

[0086] "Plug-in vehicle (PV)": An electric vehicle that can be recharged from an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) by wireless charging without using a physical plug or physical socket.

[0087] "Heavy-duty vehicle (H.D. vehicle)": Any four-wheel or more-wheel vehicle as defined in 49 CFR 523.6 or 49 CFR 37.3 (for buses).

[0088] "Light-duty plug-in electric vehicle": A three-wheel or four-wheel vehicle propelled by an electric motor that draws current from a rechargeable battery or other energy device, mainly used on public streets, roads, and highways, and having a rated gross vehicle weight of less than 4,545 kg.

[0089] "Wireless Charging System (WCS)": A system for wireless power transfer and control for interaction, where the interaction includes operations for alignment and communication between a power supply device (or ground component) and an EV device (or vehicle component).

[0090] "Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)": Power transfer between a power source such as a utility, power grid, energy storage device, fuel cell generator, and EV through a non-contact channel such as electromagnetic induction and resonance.

[0091] "Public Service": A set of systems that provide electrical energy and include a Customer Information System (CIS), Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), rate and revenue systems, etc. The utility can provide energy to the EV through a rate schedule and discrete events. Moreover, the utility can provide information related to EV certification, intervals for measuring power consumption, and rates.

[0092] "Smart Charging": A system in which an EVSE and / or an EV (including a PEV or PHEV) communicates with the power grid to optimize the charging or discharging ratio of the EV by reflecting the capacity or usage cost of the power grid.

[0093] "Automatic Charging": The process of automatically performing inductive charging after the vehicle is in an appropriate position corresponding to a primary charger component, which can transfer power through conductive or inductive charging. After obtaining the necessary certifications and permissions, automatic billing can be performed.

[0094] "Interoperability": The state in which components of a system interact with corresponding components of the system to perform the operations targeted by the system. Additionally, information interoperability can refer to the ability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to effectively share and easily use information without causing inconvenience to the user.

[0095] "Inductive Charging System": A system that transfers energy from a power source to an EV via a two-part gapped core transformer, where the two halves of the transformer (i.e., the primary coil and the secondary coil) are physically separated from each other. In the present invention, the inductive charging system can correspond to an EV power transfer system.

[0096] "Inductive Coupler": A transformer formed by a primary coil or a ground assembly (GA) in a primary device and a secondary coil or a vehicle assembly (VA) in a secondary device, which allows power transfer through electrical insulation.

[0097] "Inductive Coupling": Magnetic coupling between two coils. One of the two coils can refer to the primary coil or the GA coil, and the other of the two coils can refer to the secondary coil or the vehicle assembly VA coil.

[0098] "Power supply circuit (SPC) or "grounding assembly (GA)": A component arranged on the primary device or the grounding assembly or on the infrastructure side including the primary coil (or GA coil) and other components. The other components may include at least a part for controlling impedance and resonant frequency, a ferrite for implementing a magnetic circuit, and an electromagnetic shielding material. For example, the SPC or GA may include a power / frequency conversion unit and an SPC controller (or GA controller) required as a power source for a wireless power charging system, wiring from the power grid, and wiring between each unit, a filter circuit, and a housing.

[0099] "EV power circuit (EVPC)" or "vehicle assembly (VA)": A component installed in the vehicle, which includes the secondary coil (or VA coil) and other components. The other components may include at least a part for controlling impedance and resonant frequency, a ferrite for implementing a magnetic circuit, and an electromagnetic shielding material. For example, the EVPC or VA may include a power / frequency conversion unit and an EVPC controller (or VA controller) required as vehicle components of a wireless power charging system, wiring to the vehicle battery, and wiring between each unit, a filter circuit, and a housing.

[0100] The SPC may be referred to as or identified by the grounding assembly (GA) etc. Similarly, the EVPC may be referred to as the vehicle assembly (VA) etc. or identified by the vehicle assembly (VA) etc.

[0101] The GA may be referred to as the primary device etc., and the VA may be referred to as the EV device, secondary device etc.

[0102] The GA may be referred to as the power supply device, power source side device etc., and the VA may be referred to as the EV device, EV side device etc.

[0103] "Primary device": A device that provides non-contact coupling with the secondary device. In other words, the primary device may be a device outside the EV. When the EV is receiving power, the primary device may operate as a source of the power to be transmitted. The main device may include a housing and all covers.

[0104] "Secondary device": A device installed in the EV that provides non-contact coupling with the primary device. In other words, the secondary device may be provided inside the EV. When the EV is receiving power, the secondary device may transfer the power from the primary device to the EV. The auxiliary device may include a housing and all covers.

[0105] "Power supply electronics" indicates a part of the SPC or GA that adjusts the output power level of the primary coil (or GA coil) based on information from the vehicle. "EV power electronics" indicates a part of the EVPC or VA that monitors specific on-vehicle parameters during charging and initiates communication with the EVPC or GA to facilitate adjustment of the output power level.

[0106] The power supply electronic device may be referred to as a GA electronic device, a GA controller, or a primary device communication controller (PDCC), and the EV power supply electronic device may be referred to as a VA electronic device, a VA controller, or an electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC).

[0107] "Magnetic gap": When aligned, the vertical distance between the plane of the higher of the top of the stranded wire or the top of the magnetic material in the primary coil / GA coil and the plane of the lower of the bottom of the stranded wire or the bottom of the magnetic material in the secondary coil / VA coil.

[0108] "Ambient temperature": The ground plane temperature of the air measured at the subsystem under consideration and not in direct sunlight.

[0109] "Vehicle ground clearance": The vertical distance between the ground and the lowest part of the vehicle floor.

[0110] "Vehicle magnetic ground clearance": The vertical distance between the lower plane of the bottom of the stranded wire or the magnetic material in the secondary coil or VA coil installed in the vehicle and the ground.

[0111] "Secondary coil surface distance" or "VA coil magnetic surface distance": The distance between the plane closest to the surface of the magnetic or conductive component during installation and the lower outer surface of the secondary coil or VA coil. Such a distance may include any protective coverings and additional items that may be packaged in the secondary coil or VA coil housing.

[0112] The secondary coil may be referred to as a VA coil, a vehicle coil, or a receiver coil. Similarly, the primary coil may be referred to as a GA coil or a transmitting coil.

[0113] "Exposed conductive part": The conductive parts of an electrical device (e.g., an electric vehicle) that may be touched and are normally not energized, but may be energized in the event of a fault.

[0114] "Hazardous live part": A live part that can produce a harmful electric shock under certain conditions.

[0115] "Energized part": Any conductor or conductive part intended to be electrically excited during normal use.

[0116] "Direct contact": Contact between a person and a live component. See the IEC 61140 standard.

[0117] "Indirect contact": Contact between a person and an exposed, conductive, and energized part that has become energized due to insulation failure. See the IEC 61140 standard.

[0118] "Alignment": The process of finding the relative position of the secondary device with respect to the primary device and / or the relative position of the primary device with respect to the secondary device for efficient power transfer. In the present invention, alignment can be for alignment in a wireless power transfer system, but is not limited thereto.

[0119] "Pairing": The process of associating a vehicle (EV) with a single dedicated power supply device (primary device) arranged such that power transfer is possible. Pairing can include the process of associating an EVPC or VA controller with an SPC or GA controller at a charging point.

[0120] The process of correlation or association can include the process of establishing a relationship between two peer communication entities.

[0121] "Command and control communication": Communication used to exchange information required to start, control, and end a wireless power transfer process between an electric vehicle power supply equipment and an electric vehicle.

[0122] "High-level communication (HLC)": Digital communication capable of handling all information not covered by command and control communication. The data link of HLC can use power line communication (PLC), but is not limited thereto.

[0123] "Low-power excitation (LPE)": A technique for activating a power supply device (or primary device) for precise positioning and pairing so that an EV can detect the power supply device, and vice versa.

[0124] "Service Set Identifier (SSID)": A unique identifier consisting of 32 characters attached to the header of a packet sent on a wireless LAN. The SSID identifies the Basic Service Set (BSS) that a wireless device attempts to connect to. The SSID differentiates multiple wireless LANs. Thus, all access points (APs) and all terminal / station devices that want to use a specific wireless LAN can use the same SSID. Devices that do not use a unique SSID cannot join the BSS. Since the SSID is shown as plain text, the SSID may not provide any security features to the network.

[0125] "Extended Service Set Identifier (ESSID)": The name of the network that a device wishes to connect to. The ESSID is similar to the SSID, but a more extended concept.

[0126] "Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID)": The BSSID, which consists of 48 bits, is used to differentiate a specific BSS. In a basic BSS network, the BSSID can be configured for the Media Access Control (MAC) of an AP device. For an independent BSS or an Ad-hoc network, the BSSID can be generated with any value.

[0127] The charging station may include at least one GA and at least one GA controller configured to manage the at least one GA. The GA may include at least one wireless communication device. The charging station may refer to a location or position provided at home, office, public place, road, parking area, etc. that includes at least one GA.

[0128] In this specification, "association" may be used as a term representing the process of establishing wireless communication between an Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC) and a Supply Equipment Communication Controller (SECC) that controls the charging infrastructure.

[0129] "Smart grid": A system that enables power plants, power generation units, and energy storage systems to be connected in a smart way through network facilities for exchanging messages based on information and communication technologies.

[0130] "Charging station": A facility that includes one or more EVSEs, smart meters, and other technical devices required for charging an EV.

[0131] "Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)": A device that forms part of a charging station, supplies energy to an electric vehicle via a socket, and is connected to a smart meter to measure the amount of energy transmitted.

[0132] "Charging Point Operator (CPO)": A company or organization that has the authority regarding the location of a charging station to allow physical access to the charging station; or a communication node or entity that manages the charging station and uses information and communication technologies to authorize and control the charging process occurring at each individual EVSE.

[0133] "Mobility Operator (MO)": A legal entity that establishes a contractual relationship with an end user or business entity as the legal basis for authorization and payment of charges at a charging station.

[0134] E-Mobility Provider (EMP), E-Mobility Service Provider (EMSP), and Mobility Service Provider (MSP) with meanings similar to that of a Mobility Operator may be used.

[0135] "Plug and Charge (PnC)": The process of automatically performing authentication, authorization, load control, and payment without any additional user interaction when a user simply plugs an electric vehicle into an EVSE. Alternatively, PnC may refer to the identification and authorization mode for such an automatic process. PnC can be performed by applying X.509 certificates and transmitting and verifying signatures.

[0136] "Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)": A system for creating, storing, redistributing, and revoking digital signatures used to verify that a specific public key belongs to a specific person or entity.

[0137] "External Identification Means (EIM)": Any external means by which a driver can authenticate and authorize himself or herself for a charging session at the charging station. Examples include cash payment, prepaid card, credit card, debit card, NFC, RFID, and SMS. The EIM can together with the PnC form two typical authentication modes.

[0138] "Sales Rate": The function of providing price-related information over time. The sales rate can represent an input provided by a mobility operator to enable the EVCC side to calculate a charging schedule based on the sales rate. The sales rate can be a concept aimed at providing incentives to electric vehicles that charge a preferred amount of electricity within a specific time period. A use case related to the sales rate can be information about the electricity price provided by a mobility operator, who authenticates the charging session based on a valid contract, in which case the contract can be authenticated by the driver or the car-sharing operator to which the vehicle belongs through a contract certificate installed in the electric vehicle.

[0139] Furthermore, the term "sales rate" as used herein can refer to a concept aimed at encouraging the use of renewable energy (such as electrical energy obtained from solar panels or wind turbines) by providing incentives to electric vehicles charged by renewable energy during predictable time slots. In some cases, the sales rate can include not only information about the electricity price, but also time slots associated with the price information.

[0140] "Secondary Participant": An entity other than the EVCC or SECC participating in the charging process. By providing information related to the charging process, secondary participants can be involved in the charging process. Examples of secondary actors can include Charging Point Operators (CPOs) and Mobility Operators (MOs).

[0141] "E-Mobility Account Identifier (EMAID)": A single contract certificate issued for each legal contract concluded between a mobility operator and a customer for the charging of an electric vehicle. The EMAID can allow personal data to be pseudonymized and can be valid only for a limited time (e.g., the life cycle of the legal contract). Different from the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), the EMAID may not allow long-term evaluation of customer or vehicle data. The EMAID can be used as a temporary identifier that can be assigned using different authentication media for each temporary or short-term contract concluded for a home vehicle or a shared vehicle. A person can have a separate EMAID for each of several contracts involving the person, such that the EMAID can be used for purposes other than personal identification information.

[0142] The term "Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) communication" as used herein is defined in the ISO 15118 standard and can be designed to correspond to the seven layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). The OSI can be "a conceptual model for standardizing the communication functions of communication or computing systems, independent of the internal structure and technology involved".

[0143] The ISO 15118 standard is characterized in that it aims to establish and implement the charging and payment processes for electric vehicles and can adopt and utilize different information and communication technologies for this purpose. Since the purpose of the ISO 15118 standard is to establish the charging and payment processes for electric vehicles, although the standard involves information and communication technology elements mapped to the 17 layers of the OSI, it can mainly address the specific characteristics of the application.

[0144] The V2G communication interfaces specified in the ISO 15118 standard may include digital IP-based protocols. The communication between the EV and the EVSE and the communication between the EVCC and the SECC can be included in the V2G communication interfaces specified in the ISO 15118 standard.

[0145] "Vendor-Specific Element (VSE)" may refer to a data format containing information about the type of EVSE available at the current location in ISO 15118-based communication.

[0146] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same components may be denoted by the same reference numerals to facilitate the overall understanding of the present disclosure, and for simplicity, their repeated description will be omitted.

[0147] Hereinafter, with reference to Figures 1 to 25 Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail.

[0148] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the use of parallel lines of a charging infrastructure for charging an electric vehicle by dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0149] With reference to Figure 1 , the D-WPT road 100 capable of providing D-WPT services to the electric vehicle 200 includes a plurality of parallel lines 100B. Figure 1 Each of the parallel lines 100B shown in

[0150] The range 100A of a wireless local area network (WLAN) can typically be less than 100 meters (m). Referring to Figure 1 , the length of each parallel line 100B can be set to 50 m or less. Each parallel line 100B within the range 100A of the WLAN can be connected to a corresponding supply power electronics (SPE) 120 to receive power, and a supply equipment communication controller (SECC) 110 responsible for the SPE 120 can communicate with an electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) in the electric vehicle 200 for power transmission between the SPE 120 and the electric vehicle 200. In Figure 1 the exemplary embodiment shown, an access point AP 130 can be set within the range 100A of the WLAN, and one SPE 120 and one SECC 110 can be arranged for each parallel line 100B.

[0151] As Figure 1 shown, to implement a D-WPT road or a D-WPT power supply device 100 along a road, multiple APs can be deployed, and multiple SECC discovery protocols (SDPs) can be assigned to each AP 130. For example, an SDP can be assigned to the corresponding SECC 110.

[0152] However, in an alternative embodiment, the parallel line 100B can be implemented to be longer than 50 m. In this case, multiple APs can be deployed, and one SDP can be assigned to each AP 130 so as to be able to implement a D-WPT road or a device 100 along a road.

[0153] The electric vehicle 200 can communicate with the SECC 110 via a WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi). When the electric vehicle 200 enters a D-WPT road 100 from a normal road 150, a D-WPT service can be started based on the communication and pairing between the electric vehicle 200 and the SECC 110.

[0154] The D-WPT infrastructure can be connected to multiple APs 130, and the security of the D-WPT infrastructure can be managed by a local network security management system (CSMS) 160 responsible for the multiple APs 130 and a cloud CSMS 170. The communication between the local CSMS 160 and the cloud CSMS 170 can be implemented using a cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) scheme.

[0155] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the use of segmented parallel lines of a charging infrastructure for charging an electric vehicle by dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0156] In Figure 2Shown is a D-WPT infrastructure employing a segmented parallel line 100C. Figure 2 Each segmented parallel line 100C shown (which is an element of the D-WPT road 100) can be an infrastructure component capable of wirelessly transmitting power to an electric vehicle 200 in a section of the D-WPT road 100.

[0157] Reference Figure 2 , the length of the segmented parallel line 100C can be set to 50 m or less. Each segmented parallel line 100C within the range 100A of the WLAN can be connected to a corresponding one of the SPEs 120 to receive power and can interact with the electric vehicle 200 through the communication of the SECC 110. In Figure 2 the exemplary embodiment shown, a single access point AP 130 can be provided within the range 100A of the WLAN, and one SPE 120 and one SECC 110 can be arranged for each segmented parallel line 100C.

[0158] As Figure 2 shown, to implement the D-WPT road or the D-WPT power supply device 100 along the road, multiple APs can be deployed, and multiple SECC discovery protocols (SDPs) can be assigned to each AP 130. For example, the SDP can be assigned to the corresponding SECC 110.

[0159] However, in an alternative embodiment, the segmented parallel line 100C can be implemented to be longer than 50 m. In such a case, multiple APs can be deployed, and one SDP can be assigned to each AP 130 to enable the implementation of the D-WPT road or all of the devices 100 along the road.

[0160] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the use of segmented coils for a charging infrastructure for charging an electric vehicle by dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0161] Figure 3 The segmented coil 100D shown can be a sub-component of a D-WPT infrastructure that supplies power to an electric vehicle 200 entering a specific area. Since the length of each part of the segmented coil 100D is generally less than the range 100A of the WLAN, multiple APs can be deployed, and multiple SECC discovery protocols (SDPs) can be assigned to each AP 130 to implement the D-WPT road or device 100 along the road.

[0162] Figure 4It is a flowchart showing the processes of communication setup, charging communication session, and charging session for dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0163] In the following description, all operations performed between the EVCC and at least one SECC can be executed by logical operations of at least one of the EVCC and / or at least one SECC or through the cooperation of the EVCC and at least one SECC. The localization between the electric vehicle 200 and the D-WPT infrastructure, the positioning of the electric vehicle 200, and the determination of whether the electric vehicle 200 is outside the range of the D-WPT infrastructure, etc. can be performed by the EVCC and / or at least one SECC, and the results of measurement, identification, or determination can be shared by the EVCC and / or at least one SECC.

[0164] Refer to Figure 4 , a charging communication method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following operations: performing communication setup and session establishment (S320) for wireless power transfer between at least one SECC and the EVCC; performing a charging communication session (S400, S410) for dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) between at least one SECC and the EVCC; and performing a charging session (S500) through dynamic wireless power transfer between at least one SECC and the EVCC.

[0165] The operation S320 of performing communication setup and session establishment can be performed between the EVCC and at least one SECC capable of communicating with the EVCC via a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0166] The operations of performing a charging communication session (S400, S410) for D-WPT may include an operation of determining (identifying or detecting) in a first SECC among at least one SECC and the EVCC whether the first SECC capable of communicating with the EVCC via WLAN is an SECC installed on a D-WPT road and capable of providing D-WPT services.

[0167] When the system including the SECC and the EVCC is turned on (S310), communication establishment and session establishment (S320) are performed between at least one SECC and the EVCC.

[0168] The charging communication session S400 performed between at least one SECC and the EVCC may include a positioning and inspection operation S410. The operation S410 optionally activates a safety monitoring and diagnostic operation S470. When the charging session S500 is performed, the operation S470 can be activated.

[0169] If specific conditions are met during the charging session S500, the process can proceed to the standby state S480. If specific conditions are met in the standby state S480, the process can return to the charging session S500.

[0170] When the charging session S500 is completed, communication between at least one SECC and EVCC can be terminated (S350). Then, the system including at least one SECC and EVCC can be shut down (S360).

[0171] Figure 5 is a flowchart that shows in detail the Figure 4 process of performing a charging communication session as shown in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0172] Referring to Figure 5 , operation S410 may include a precise positioning and pairing operation S420 performed after operation S320. According to the result of operation S420, a security monitoring and diagnostic operation S470 may be optionally activated.

[0173] After operation S420, an authorization and authentication processing operation S430 may be performed.

[0174] After operation S430, a service discovery and service selection operation S440 may be performed.

[0175] After operation S440, a final compatibility check and parameter exchange operation S450 may be performed.

[0176] After operation S450, an alignment check operation S460 may be performed.

[0177] After operation S460, a charging session S500 may be performed.

[0178] Figure 6 is a flowchart that shows in detail the Figure 4 embodiment of the charging session as shown.

[0179] Referring to Figure 6 , the charging session S500 may include a power transmission start operation S510, a power transmission execution operation S520, and a power transmission stop operation S530. The power transmission start operation S510 may be performed after the alignment check operation S460 and may activate the security monitoring and diagnostic operation S470. At the same time, the power transmission stop operation S530 may terminate the security monitoring and diagnostic operation S470.

[0180] If a specific condition is satisfied after the power transmission stop operation S530, the operation of terminating the communication connection (S350) can be performed. If a specific condition (e.g., achieving the target charge amount or the target state of charge (SoC)) is satisfied after the power transmission stop operation S530, the process can proceed to the standby state S480. Thereafter, when a specific condition (e.g., the state of charge or the charge ratio is lower than the reference value) is satisfied in the standby state S480, the process can return to the power transmission start operation S510.

[0181] Figure 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a use case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which an electric vehicle starts from a parking lot, travels on a D-WPT road without changing lanes, and then arrives at the parking lot.

[0182] Reference Figure 7 , the electric vehicle 200 can leave the parking lot and can be charged while traveling on the D-WPT road 100 without changing lanes on the D-WPT road 100, and can arrive at the parking lot 140.

[0183] Figure 8 is shown in Figure 7 the use case of the protocol for terminating charging.

[0184] Reference Figure 8 , the charging communication method for charging an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include an operation of terminating the charging session (S480) when the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined reference value (S610) through D-WPT between the SECC and the EVCC.

[0185] The value of the target state of charge (i.e., 80% or 100%) may be merely an example in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0186] Figure 9 is a conceptual diagram showing a use case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which an electric vehicle changes lanes or exits the range of the WLAN on the D-WPT road.

[0187] First, Figure 9 shows a use case (S620) in which an electric vehicle traveling on the D-WPT road 100 changes lanes to another lane on the D-WPT road 100. As described in detail below, the protocol executed in the conceptual use case S620 may be different depending on whether the lanes before and after the lane change within the D-WPT road 100 allow the same services and / or provide compatibility with each other (e.g., see S620, S630, S640, or S650).

[0188] In addition, Figure 9 Another use case (S630) is shown where an electric vehicle changes lanes from the D-WPT road 100 to a non-D-WPT road 150 (i.e., a normal road).

[0189] An example where, after changing lanes from the D-WPT road 100 to the non-D-WPT road 150, the electric vehicle changes lanes back to a lane on the D-WPT road 100 is indicated by the use case (S640).

[0190] An example where, after changing lanes from the D-WPT road 100 to the non-D-WPT road 150, the electric vehicle moves out of the range of the WLAN is indicated by the use case (S650).

[0191] Figure 10 is a conceptual diagram showing the protocol executed in the Figure 9 use case where the electric vehicle changes lanes and / or moves out of the range of the WLAN.

[0192] Referring to Figure 10 , a charging communication method for charging an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protocol for: when at least one of at least one SECC and / or EVCC determines (identifies or detects) an event S630 where the electric vehicle changes lanes from a lane on a D-WPT road to a non-D-WPT road, stopping power transmission (S530) and advancing to a standby state (S480).

[0193] A charging communication method for charging an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protocol for: when at least one of at least one SECC (e.g., at least one SECC S630 and / or S650 associated with the lane before the lane change) and / or EVCC determines (identifies or detects) an out-of-range event S650 (i.e., an event where the electric vehicle moves out of the range of the WLAN) in the standby state S480, performing an operation of stopping the charging communication session and terminating the communication (S350).

[0194] A charging communication method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, when at least one SECC (e.g., at least one SECC associated with a lane before S630 and / or a lane after the return event S640) and / or at least one of the EVCC determines (identifies or detects) a return event S640 in which the electric vehicle returns to a lane on the D-WPT road in the standby state S480, after the return event S640 in which the electric vehicle returns to the D-WPT road, the session establishment operation S320 between the EVCC and at least one SECC associated with the lane can be performed again.

[0195] In the operation of performing a charging communication session, when at least one SECC (e.g., associated with a second lane after a lane change event S620) and / or at least one of the EVCC determines (identifies or detects) an event S620 in which the electric vehicle changes lanes from a first lane on the D-WPT road to a second lane on the D-WPT road that provides the same service as the service available in the previous first lane, the compatibility check and parameter exchange operation S450 can be performed again.

[0196] In the operation of performing a charging communication session, when at least one SECC (e.g., associated with a second lane after a lane change S620) and / or at least one of the EVCC determines (identifies or detects) an event S620 in which the electric vehicle changes lanes from the first lane on the D-WPT road to a second lane on the D-WPT road that provides a service different from the service available in the previous first lane, the service discovery and service selection operation S440 can be performed again. For example, the following situation can be considered: the first service provider or the first service protocol associated with the first channel / first SECC is different from the second service provider or the second service protocol associated with the second channel / second SECC.

[0197] A charging communication method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, when at least one SECC (e.g., associated with a second lane after a lane change S620) and / or at least one of the EVCC determines (identifies or detects) an event S620 in which the electric vehicle changes lanes from a first lane on the D-WPT road to a second lane on the D-WPT road that provides a service different from the service available in the previous first lane and requires a new compatibility check or a new parameter exchange S450, in a state where the charging session is stopped, the communication setting and session establishment operation S320 (S530) for wireless power transmission can be performed again between the EVCC and the second SECC on the second lane.

[0198] Figure 11It is a conceptual diagram showing a use case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which an electric vehicle traveling on a D-WPT road arrives at a parking lot that supports S-WPT services compatible with D-WPT.

[0199] Figure 11 An example is shown in which an electric vehicle 200 traveling on a D-WPT road 100 arrives at a parking lot 145 that supports S-WPT services as use case S670.

[0200] Figure 12 It is shown in Figure 11 a conceptual diagram of a protocol executed when an electric vehicle arrives at a parking lot in a use case.

[0201] Referring to Figure 12 , in a charging communication method for charging an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, when at least one of at least one SECC and / or EVCC determines (identifies or detects) an event S670 in which an electric vehicle enters a parking lot 145 that provides static wireless power transfer (S-WPT) services from a lane on a D-WPT road 100, the electric vehicle can perform parking (S674) in a state where the charging session (S530) is stopped. The charging communication method for charging an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protocol for: performing a pairing process (S676) between the EVCC and a third SECC on the parking lot 145 via WLAN after operation S674; and establishing a session between the EVCC and the third SECC on the parking lot 145 after the pairing process S676 (S320).

[0202] At this time, when transitioning to the session establishment operation S320 after the pairing operation S676, the communication setup (S678) can be skipped.

[0203] Meanwhile, when the electric vehicle leaves the D-WPT road 100, the charging session S500 (S530) can be terminated, and the process can proceed from a state where communication between the SECC and the EVCC is terminated (S350) via a temporary state of the sleep mode S680 to a communication setup and session establishment operation (S320) for S-WPT services in the parking lot 145.

[0204] According to Figures 1 to 12 the embodiment and the embodiments described below, in the operations (S400, S410) of performing a charging communication session for dynamic wireless power transfer between the SECC and the EVCC, it can be indicated by a message including additional information including D-WPT information as part of a vendor-specific element (VSE) in the frame body that at least one SECC supports D-WPT services.

[0205] MAC headers and frame bodies in messages that can be adopted during the charging communication process for D-WPT services according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be presented.

[0206] After the MAC header, a frame body of 0 - 2320 bytes can be provided. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention may include management frames that describe specific details allowing the identification of D-WPT services in the VSE within the frame body.

[0207] Frame bodies and VSEs of message formats that can be adopted during the charging communication process for D-WPT services according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be presented.

[0208] In an exemplary embodiment, the VSE for SECC can be included in the frame body of a beacon frame or the frame body of a probe response frame.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment, the VSE for EVCC can be included in the frame body of an association request frame.

[0210] In an exemplary embodiment, the VSE for EVCC can be included in the frame body of a re-association request frame.

[0211] Examples of the VSE of SECC can include lower bits for indicating WPT in the Energy Transfer Type (ETT) field. Additionally, the VSE can also include additional information of 0 - 238 bits.

[0212] Examples of the VSE for EVCC can include lower bits for indicating WPT in the Energy Transfer Type (ETT) field. Additionally, the VSE can also include additional information of 0 - 238 bits.

[0213] Additional information within the VSE in messages that can be adopted during the charging communication process for D-WPT services according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be presented.

[0214] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, for example, the fourth to sixth data of the parameter "Z" in the additional information and the fifth to ninth data of the parameter "P" of the energy transfer type "WPT" can be presented as D-WPT related information.

[0215] Changes to the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) request message that can be adopted during the charging communication process for D-WPT services according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be presented. In this specification, the term SDP can refer to the Service Discovery Protocol or the SECC Discovery Protocol.

[0216] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a message structure including a VSE that can be adopted during the charging communication process for D-WPT services.

[0217] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a message structure for establishing a precise positioning request sequence in a D-WPT system can be used. Specifically, additional information allowing the identification of the D-WPT system can be added in the VendorSpecificDataContainer and LF_SystemSetupData fields containing the VSE.

[0218] The above-described exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure enable the provision of a charging communication method and apparatus for dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) using a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0219] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of providing new vendor-specific element (VSE) additional information parameters representing D-WPT and entities belonging to D-WPT.

[0220] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a charging process and use cases for using WLAN when charging an electric vehicle via D-WPT.

[0221] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of defining the information exchanged between a D-WPT device and an electric vehicle when the D-WPT device and the electric vehicle perform communication via WLAN to charge the electric vehicle.

[0222] Figure 13 and Figure 14 is a conceptual diagram showing a process of changing a primary component according to vehicle movement during D-WPT service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0223] Reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 , in the communication of D-WPT service using WLAN, two or more access points (APs) can be configured to provide the performance and appropriate coverage of WLAN. The WLAN-based D-WPT communication can utilize a mesh network of multiple APs.

[0224] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, multiple SPEs can share a single SECC in a single SECC communication architecture for D-WPT services.

[0225] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, each SPE can have its own SECC in a multi-SECC communication architecture for D-WPT services.

[0226] Communication in compatibility level A and compatibility level B D-WPT systems can utilize WLAN communication specified in industrial standards such as IEEE 802.11-2020. Such WLAN communication can be used for communication between an electric vehicle and a D-WPT power supply device equipped with a D-WPT device.

[0227] Similar to the S-WPT system, multiple EVCCs can share a single SECC in a single SECC communication architecture for D-WPT services.

[0228] However, the number of EVCCs sharing the SECC may be affected by factors such as the size of the master device for D-WPT services and the coverage supported by the physical layer of the WLAN.

[0229] When the vehicle moves, it may be necessary to release the pairing with the currently active SPE that transmits power and establish a pairing with the next SPE. In the case where the next SPE and the current SPE share a common SECC, the charging communication protocol and the charging protocol for D-WPT services can be executed seamlessly.

[0230] To switch the control of the D-WPT service protocol to a new SECC, a charging communication switching process to the new SECC may be required, which is different from the SECC associated with the currently active SPE that transmits power when the vehicle moves.

[0231] In addition, as the vehicle moves, in the case where the vehicle leaves the coverage of the AP associated with the current SECC and enters the coverage of a new AP, the EVCC may need to perform a charging communication switching process to the AP controller or agent that manages the new AP coverage.

[0232] Some existing industrial standards (such as ISO 15118-20) specify procedures focused on S-WPT services. Industrial standards such as IEC61980-5 describe the specifications of circuits and systems for D-WPT services. According to these standards, the basic configuration of the D-WPT system can be similar to the basic configuration of the S-WPT system. Therefore, communication protocols for the D-WPT system can be envisioned based on communication protocols such as those specified in the ISO 15118-20 standard. However, the differences between S-WPT and D-WPT require the development of new communication protocols. This disclosure provides items related to the development of new communication protocols.

[0233] Figure 15 is a flowchart showing a protocol sequence for D-WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] Reference may be made to Figures 4 to 6 the embodiments shown in Figure 15 for the sequence.

[0235] For simplicity, descriptions of protocols or processes that are the same as or substantially similar to those in the Figures 4 to 6 embodiments in Figure 15 are omitted.

[0236] Figure 15 Each process in may be executed by at least one of the following entities: EVCC, SECC, an SDP entity connected to the SECC, or an AP controller that manages the AP coverage to which the SECC belongs. The process may also be executed through the cooperation of two or more entities.

[0237] Reference Figure 15 , after the system is turned on in operation S310, a WLAN scanning process (S710) may be executed.

[0238] Based on the result of operation S710, a SECC discovery protocol (S720) may be executed.

[0239] According to the supported application protocol, a TCP and TLS connection process (S730) may be executed.

[0240] After operations S710 - S730, a session establishment process (S330) may be executed.

[0241] Figure 16 is a flowchart showing a primary component change process according to vehicle movement and a WLAN - based handover process for D - WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0242] Figure 16 shows a charging communication process between an EVCC of an electric vehicle receiving power from a first primary component in the coverage area of a first access point (AP1) and a first SECC (SECC1) connected to the first primary component.

[0243] In addition, Figure 16 shows a charging communication process between a second SECC (SECC2) connected to a second primary component and an EVCC in a case where it is desired for the electric vehicle or a mobile device to receive power from the second primary component due to the movement of the vehicle in the coverage area of a second access point (AP2).

[0244] In addition, Figure 16 shows a charging communication handover process between the EVCC, SECC1, and SEC2. In this case, the controller of the first access point (AP1) connected to the first SECC (SECC1) and the controller of the second access point (AP2) connected to the second SECC (SECC2) may also participate in Figure 16 the charging communication and handover processes shown in.

[0245] Each process performed between a first SECC (SECC1) and an EVCC within the coverage of a first access point (AP1) may be substantially the same as or similar to a corresponding process performed between a second SECC (SECC2) and the EVCC within the coverage of a second access point (AP2). For example, operations S310 and S312, S710 and S712, S720 and S722, S730 and S732, S330 and S332, S400 and S402, S350 and S352, and S360 and S362 may be substantially the same as or similar to each other, respectively. In the following description, the focus will be on the differences between the communication processing related to the coverage of the first access point (AP1) and the communication processing related to the coverage of the second access point (AP2), and the detailed description of the operations that are the same as or similar to each other will be omitted.

[0246] A charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging using multiple access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include: operation S820, in which an EVCC installed in an electric vehicle sends a handover trigger request to a first SECC, such that the first SECC performs a WLAN scan corresponding to transmitting power to a first primary component of the electric vehicle via D-WPT (S710) to discover a second SECC adjacent to the first SECC and capable of supporting D-WPT services; and operation S810, in which the EVCC sends a message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC based on the result of the WLAN scan.

[0247] In such a case, the WLAN scan (S710) may be performed through cooperation between the first SECC and a first AP controller that manages the coverage of a first AP covering the first SECC.

[0248] The WLAN scan (S710) may include a process of discovering a second AP controller through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, where the second AP controller manages the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure capable of providing D-WPT services.

[0249] The WLAN scan (S710, S712) may include a process of discovering a second SECC through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, where the second SECC is within the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure capable of providing D-WPT services and is associated with a second primary component buried in or installed on the D-WPT road infrastructure.

[0250] The charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging using a plurality of access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include operation S530 of terminating wireless power transmission in cooperation with the first SECC after operation S820 of sending the switching trigger request to the first SECC.

[0251] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that, in the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the switching trigger request may be sent in operation S820 and then executed. Figure 16 The operation S530 shown in FIG. 1 may be performed after the detection / association with the second SECC is successfully completed in the trigger / detection operation S810. Figure 16 Operation S530 shown in FIG.

[0252] In the charging communication switching method for charging an electric vehicle using multiple access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the message including the switching trigger request and transmitted to the second SECC may also include a probe request for the second SECC, as represented in operation S810.

[0253] The charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging using multiple access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include operation S712 of performing detection and association between the EVCC and the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC after sending a message including a switching trigger request to the second SECC.

[0254] The charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging using multiple access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include operation S722: after sending a message including a switching trigger request to the second SECC, performing a SECC Discovery Protocol (SDP) through collaboration between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0255] The order of operations S712 and S722 is not limited to Figure 16 In an alternative embodiment, operations S712 and S722 may be performed simultaneously, or operation S722 may be performed before operation S712 is performed.

[0256] Figure 17 It is shown in Figure 16 Flowchart of a portion of a process for performing a WPT session after a handover process as shown in .

[0257] A charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging using multiple access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include: performing precise positioning of the electric vehicle through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC after a message including a switching trigger request is sent to the second SECC (S810) and a session is established between the EVCC and the second SECC (S332); exchanging parameters between the EVCC and the second SECC (S452); and performing an alignment check between the electric vehicle and a second primary component associated with the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC (S462).

[0258] In the WPT session (S402) between the EVCC and the second SECC, pairing processing ( Figure 5 S420 in), authentication, authorization, and certificate processing / installation processing (S430), service discovery and service selection processing (S440), and at least a part of the final compatibility check processing ( Figure 5 S450 in) may be omitted. In such a case, in the WPT session (S402) between the EVCC and the second SECC, at least a part of the above-mentioned processes may be replaced or omitted based on the information shared and the protocols executed in the WPT session (S400) between the EVCC and the first SECC.

[0259] Figure 18 is a flowchart showing a part of the processing of the WPT session for performing Figure 15 .

[0260] A charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging using multiple access points according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include an operation (S610a) of entering a standby state S480 when the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined reference value through D-WPT service between the first primary component and the electric vehicle; and an operation S510 of resuming wireless power transmission of the electric vehicle based on D-WPT service when the SOC of the electric vehicle is lower than a preset reference value while in the standby state (S480) (S610b).

[0261] In an exemplary embodiment, when the condition of operation S610a is met in a state where power transmission (S530) is terminated or suspended after switching request processing (S820), the processing of the present disclosure may enter the standby state (S480).

[0262] In another exemplary embodiment, when the SOC reaches a threshold during the charging operation S520, the processing of the present disclosure may terminate or abort power transmission (S530) or enter the standby state (S480).

[0263] Figure 19 It is a sequence diagram showing a compatibility check process, association, SECC discovery, identification, and pairing process for D-WPT services, as well as a common protocol identification process, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0264] A charging communication method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is executed by an EVCC associated with a secondary component (D-WPT_EV) installed in an electric vehicle and receiving power from a primary component (D-WPT_SPE1). The method may include operation S1110, in which the EVCC performs an association with a first SECC (SECC1) based on compatibility information shared between the EVCC (EVCC_a) and the first SECC (SECC1) associated with the primary component (D-WPT_SPE1) that transmits power to the electric vehicle; operation S1120, in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) identifies a first EVCC (EVCC1) that provides the D-WPT based on a SECC discovery protocol (SDP) associated with the first SECC (SECC1); and operation S1130, identifying a common protocol applicable between the first SECC (SECC1) and the EVCC (EVCC_a).

[0265] In at least a part of operation S1110, a protocol specified in standard ISO 15118-8 and IEEE 802.11L2 connection technology may be used.

[0266] In at least a part of operation S1120, a protocol specified in standard ISO 15118-20 and L3 discovery technology may be used.

[0267] In at least a part of operation S1130, a protocol negotiation scheme specified in standard ISO 15118-2 or ISO 15118-20 may be used.

[0268] Figure 20 It shows in detail Figure 19 the protocol shown in

[0269] The operation S1110 in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) performs an association with the first SECC (SECC1) may include the following operations: as part of a WLAN scanning process, the EVCC (EVCC_a) receives a beacon message broadcast by the first SECC (SECC1); the operation in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) sends an association request message to the first SECC (SECC1) identified based on the beacon message; and the operation in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) receives an association response message from the first SECC (SECC1) including information indicating successful association.

[0270] The broadcast beacon message can reuse data, such as the ETT data of WPT specified in the ISO 15118-8 standard.

[0271] To implement D-WPT under the ISO 15118 standard, it may be necessary to define the aforementioned VSE.

[0272] The operation S1120 in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) identifies the SECC (SECC1) providing D-WPT based on the SDP related to the SECC may include: the operation in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) broadcasts an SDP request message related to the first SECC (SECC1); and the operation in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) receives an SDP response message from the SDP entity (SDP1) related to the first SECC (SECC1).

[0273] In the operation S1120, one or more parameters and values such as "PPD = EV, SPE = DWPT, and EVID = \"abcd\"" may be included in the broadcast message. At the same time, the supply device identifier (SDID) of at least one electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) supporting D-WPT may be included in the response message.

[0274] The operation S1130 of identifying the common protocol applicable between the first SECC (SECC1) and the EVCC (EVCC_a) may include the following operations: the EVCC (EVCC_a) sends a supported application protocol request message to the SDP entity (SDP1) related to the first SECC (SECC1); and the operation in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) receives a supported application protocol response message from the SDP entity (SDP1).

[0275] In the operation S1130, a message sequence format including the message pair of the supported AppProtocolReq and the supported AppProtocolRes can be used to define and exchange the supported application protocol.

[0276] Figure 21 It is a sequence diagram showing protocol negotiation, positioning, and pairing processes for D-WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0277] The charging communication method for an electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include: operation S1210, in which an EVCC (EVCC_a) cooperates with a first SECC (SECC1) to perform negotiation for positioning, pairing, and alignment check; operation S1220, in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) cooperates with the first SECC (SECC1) to perform vehicle positioning; and operation S1230, in which the EVCC (EVCC_a) cooperates with the first SECC (SECC1) to perform pairing.

[0278] For at least a part of operation S1210, a method of selecting settings for positioning, pairing, and alignment check for point-to-point signaling (P2PS) may be used.

[0279] For at least a part of operation S1220, positioning according to the IEC 61980-5 standard by using P2PS may be used.

[0280] For at least a part of operation S1230, pairing according to the IEC 61980-5 standard by using P2PS may be used.

[0281] Figure 22 is a sequence diagram that shows in detail Figure 21 the protocol shown in

[0282] Operation S1210 in which an EVCC (EVCC_a) cooperates with a first SECC (SECC1) to perform negotiation for positioning, pairing, and alignment check may include the following operations: the EVCC (EVCC_a) sends a first DWPT initial setup request message DWPTInitialSetupReq() to the SECC and receives a first DWPT initial setup response message DWPTInitialSetupRes() from the SECC; the EVCC (EVCC_a) sends a second DWPT initial setup request message including secondary component related information (DWPT_EV_Addr) to the SECC and receives a second DWPT initial setup response message including primary component related information (DWPT_SD_Addr) from the SECC; and the EVCC (EVCC_a) transfers the primary component related information to a secondary component (D-WPT_EV).

[0283] At this time, parameters indicating detailed devices for P2PS (such as low power excitation (LPE) signaling for positioning, pairing, and alignment check) may be included in the message.

[0284] In operation S1210, in addition to the above information DWPT_EV_Addr and DWPT_SD_Addr, compatibility parameters can be exchanged. Examples of compatibility parameters can indicate positioning methods, pairing methods, alignment check methods, coordination systems, and parameters for P2PS.

[0285] The operation S1220 in which EVCC (EVCC_a) collaborates with the first SECC (SECC1) to perform vehicle positioning can include the operation in which EVCC sends a DWPT vehicle positioning request message SECCDWPVehiclePositioningReq() to the SECC; the operation in which EVCC monitors information about the positioning process and collaborates with the secondary component (D-WPT_EV) to perform positioning; the operation in which EVCC sends a DWPT vehicle positioning completion request message DWPVehiclePositioningRes(completed) to the SECC when the positioning is successfully completed; and the operation in which EVCC receives a DWPT vehicle positioning completion response message DWPVehiclePositioningRes(completed) from the SECC.

[0286] The operation S1230 in which EVCC (EVCC_a) collaborates with the first SECC (SECC1) to perform pairing can include the operation in which EVCC sends a first DWPT pairing request message DWPTPairingReq() to the SECC; the operation in which EVCC receives a first DWPT pairing response message DWPTPairingRes(); the operation in which EVCC sends a second DWPT pairing request message to the SECC, where the second DWPT pairing request message includes information about whether pairing is successful on the electric vehicle side, for example, parameters and their values such as "EVDProcessing = completed, EVResule = successful"; and the operation in which EVCC receives a second DWPT pairing response message, the second DWPT pairing response message includes information about whether pairing is successful on the primary component side, for example, parameters and their values from the SECC such as "SDProcessing = completed, ResponseCode = OK".

[0287] In operation S1230, pairing can be omitted for the following reasons:

[0288] Since the main devices for D-WPT are buried in the road and connected in series, no problems will occur in the pairing process when the vehicle moves or travels along the road. Therefore, once the pairing process is initially successful when the vehicle enters the D-WPT road, the pairing process can be appropriately omitted or replaced with another simplified process during subsequent handover processes.

[0289] Figure 23It is a sequence diagram showing alignment check, cable check, pre-charging, charging control, and monitoring processes for D-WPT services according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0290] The charging communication method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include operation S1310, in which the EVCC and the SECC cooperate to perform an alignment check; operation S1320, in which the EVCC performs a cable check and pre-charging, and then starts power transmission in cooperation with the SECC; and operation S1330, in which the EVCC and the SECC cooperate to monitor and control the power transmission process.

[0291] At least a part of operation S1310 may utilize the docking technology of UWB defined in standards such as IEC 61851-27. Operations S1320 and S1330 may be performed while actually charging.

[0292] Figure 24 It is a detailed illustration of Figure 23 the alignment check process shown in

[0293] The operation S1310 of performing an alignment check in cooperation with the SECC may include the operation of the EVCC sending a first DWPT alignment check request message to the SECC; the operation of the EVCC receiving a first DWPT alignment check response message from the SECC; the operation of the EVCC sending a second DWPT alignment check request message to the SECC to complete the alignment check; and the operation of the EVCC receiving a second DWPT alignment check response message from the SECC to complete the alignment check.

[0294] Figure 24 The detailed protocol shown may also be performed using the alignment check process specified in the IEC 61980-5 standard.

[0295] Figures 25 to 27 It is a sequence diagram showing the SECC and / or AP switching process for D-WPT services when the vehicle is moving according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0296] Reference Figure 27, a charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include the following operations: an EVCC installed in an electric vehicle receives a response message DWPTSPEHandoffRes() to a DWPT SPE handoff request message DWPTSPEHandoffReq() from a first SECC (SECC1) associated with a first primary component, and the first primary component transmits power to the electric vehicle through D-WPT while the electric vehicle is moving or driving; based on the response message DWPTSPEHandoffRes() to the DWPT SPE handoff request message, the EVCC cooperates with a second SECC (SECC2) to perform detection and association operations, where the second SECC is associated with a second primary component, and the second primary component is adapted to transmit power to the electric vehicle by D-WPT; and an operation, wherein when the detection and association with the second SECC (SECC2) are successful, the EVCC transmits a message PowerDeliveryReq(stop) requesting termination of power transmission to the first SECC (SECC1).

[0297] At this time, the operation of transmitting a message requesting termination of power transmission to the first SECC (SECC1) may correspond to Figure 16 operation S530 in

[0298] Although it is shown in Figure 27 that when the detection and association with the second SECC (SECC2) are successful, an operation of transmitting a message PowerDeliveryReq(STOP) requesting termination of power transfer to the first SECC (SECC1) is performed, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that in an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure, similar to Figure 16 operation S530 shown in

[0299] In Figure 27 , after a message PowerDeliveryReq(stop) requesting termination of power transfer is transmitted to the first SECC (SECC1), TCP and TLS connection establishment, session establishment request and response, simple vehicle positioning (pairing selection) and alignment check, and charging cycle processing may be performed between the EVCC (EVCC_a) and the first SECC (SECC1), and then the communication session between the EVCC (EVCC_a) and the first SECC (SECC1) may be terminated.

[0300] Meanwhile, although in Figure 27Although not shown in the figure, after the detection and association operations between the EVCC (EVCC_a) and the first SECC (SECC1) are successfully completed, TCP and TLS connection establishment, session establishment requests and responses, simple vehicle positioning (pairing selection) and alignment checks, and charging cycle processes can be performed to establish a new communication session between the EVCC (EVCC_a) and the first SECC (SECC1).

[0301] Reference Figure 26 , according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging may include the following operations: The first SECC (SECC1) sends a request message (e.g., a neighbor report request or a multi-AP controller initiation request message) to the first AP controller that manages the coverage of the first access point (AP1) where the first SECC (SECC1) is located, requesting information about adjacent APs or information about at least one SECC capable of providing D-WPT service; the first AP controller broadcasts a steering request message (e.g., a client steering (multi-AP discovery) request message) including a request for information about at least one SECC capable of providing D-WPT service; the second AP controller that manages the coverage of the second access point (AP2) where the second SECC (SECC2) is located sends a steering response message (e.g., a client steering (multi-AP discovery) response (Ack) message) including information about the second SECC to the first AP controller; and the first SECC (SECC1) receives a response message (e.g., a multi-AP controller initiation response or a neighbor report response message) including information about the second SECC (SECC2) from the first AP controller.

[0302] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging may further include an operation in which the first SECC (SECC1) sends a neighbor report request message NeighborReportReq to a first SDP entity (SDP1) associated with the first SECC (SECC1); the operation of the first SDP entity (SDP1) sending a multi-AP controller initiation request message Multi-APControllerInitiateReq to the first AP controller that manages the coverage of the first access point AP1 where the first SDP entity (SDP1) and the first SECC (SECC1) are located; the operation of the first SDP entity SDP1 receiving a multi-AP controller initiation response message Multi-APControllerInitiateRes from the first AP controller; and the operation of the first SECC receiving a neighbor report response message NeighborReportRes from the first SDP entity (SDP1).

[0303] The operations that the EVCC performs in cooperation with the second SECC (SECC2) related to the second primary component for detection and association may include the following operations: the EVCC sends a ProbeReq detection request message related to the D-WPT service to the second SECC (SECC2); the operation of the EVCC receiving a ProbeRes detection response message related to the D-WPT service from the second SECC (SECC2); the operation of the EVCC sending an AssociationRequest association request message related to the D-WPT service to the second SECC (SECC2); and the operation of the EVCC receiving an AssociationResponse association response message including information about the success of the D-WPT service (e.g., "result = success") from the second SECC (SECC2).

[0304] Reference Figure 25 , the charging communication switching method for electric vehicle charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include the following operations: the EVCC and the first SECC (SECC1) monitor the power transmission state between the first primary component and the secondary component by exchanging a pair of DWPT charging loop request and DWPT charging loop response messages; the operation of the EVCC sending a handoff request message (DWPT SPE Handoff Request) to the first SECC (SECC1).

[0305] Although in Figures 25 to 27 the exemplary embodiment shown, the handoff process is initiated by the EVCC, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that in another embodiment of the present disclosure, the handoff process may also be initiated by the SECC, by the SDP entity, or by the AP controller / proxy.

[0306] Figure 28 is a block diagram of a charging communication device for D-WPT according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and shows the physical configuration of the internal structure of a computing system suitable for implementing a general EVCC, SECC, SDP entity, and / or AP controller.

[0307] Although omitted in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 27 , the processor and the memory may be electrically connected to the components of the device, and the operations of the components may be controlled or managed by the processor.

[0308] At least some of the charging communication processes for charging an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be performed by Figure 28 the computing system 1000.

[0309] Refer to Figure 28, a computing system 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured to include a processor 1100, a memory 1200, a communication interface 1300, a storage device 1400, an input interface 1500, an output interface 1600, and a bus 1700.

[0310] A computing system 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least one processor 1100 and a memory 1200 storing program instructions that direct the at least one processor 1100 to perform at least one processing step. At least some operations or processing steps of the method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be performed by the at least one processor 1100 by loading and executing the program instructions from the memory 1200.

[0311] The processor 1100 may include a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU), or may be implemented by another dedicated processor suitable for performing the method of the present disclosure.

[0312] Each of the memory 1200 and the storage device 1400 may include at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory 1200 may include at least one of a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).

[0313] In addition, the computing system 1000 may include a communication interface 1300 that performs communication via a wireless communication network.

[0314] In addition, the computing system 1000 may further include a storage device 1400, an input interface 1500, and an output interface 1600.

[0315] The components of the computing system 1000 may be connected to each other via a system bus 1700 for communication with each other.

[0316] A device including a processor 1100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be any data processing device capable of communicating via a network, such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook PC, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a mobile phone, a smart watch, smart glasses, an e-book reader, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a portable game console, a navigation device, a digital camera, a digital multimedia broadcast (DMB) player, a digital audio recorder, a digital audio player, a digital video recorder, a digital video player, and a personal digital assistant (PDA).

[0317] An Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a processor 1100 configured to receive at least one instruction from a memory 1200 and execute the at least one instruction, wherein the EVCC is installed in an electric vehicle and is associated with a secondary component adapted to receive power from a primary component.

[0318] The EVCC according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 1100 that receives at least one instruction from a memory 1200 and executes the at least one instruction. By executing the at least one instruction, the processor 1100 performs an association with the SECC based on compatibility information shared between the EVCC and the SECC associated with the primary component; determines the SECC capable of providing D-WPT based on a SECC Discovery Protocol (SDP) associated with the SECC; and determines an applicable common protocol between the SECC and the EVCC.

[0319] When the EVCC performs an association with the SECC by executing at least one instruction, the processor 1100 may receive a beacon message broadcast by the SECC as part of a WLAN scanning process, send an association request message to the SECC identified based on the beacon message, and receive an association response message from the SECC including information indicating successful association.

[0320] When the EVCC identifies the SECC providing D-WPT based on the SDP associated with the SECC by executing at least one instruction, the processor 1100 may broadcast an SDP request message associated with the EVCC and receive an SDP response message from an SDP entity associated with the SECC.

[0321] When the EVCC identifies an applicable common protocol between the SECC and the EVCC by executing at least one instruction, the processor 1100 may send a supported application protocol request message to an SDP entity associated with the SECC and receive a supported application protocol response message from the SDP entity.

[0322] By executing at least one instruction, the processor 1100 enables the EVCC to perform negotiation for positioning, pairing, and alignment check in cooperation with the SECC, perform vehicle positioning in cooperation with the SECC, and perform pairing in cooperation with the SECC.

[0323] By executing at least one instruction, the processor 1100 enables the EVCC to perform alignment check in cooperation with the SECC, perform cable check and pre-charging, then start power transfer in cooperation with the SECC, and monitor and control the power transfer process in cooperation with the SECC.

[0324] An Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is installed in an electric vehicle and is associated with a secondary component that receives power from a primary component.

[0325] The EVCC according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 1100 that receives at least one instruction from a memory 1200 and executes the at least one instruction. By executing the at least one instruction, the processor 1100 can send a handover trigger request to a first SECC corresponding to power transfer with a first primary component to the electric vehicle via D-WPT, such that the first SECC performs a WLAN scan to discover a second SECC adjacent to the first SECC and capable of supporting D-WPT services, and sends a message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC based on the result of the WLAN scan.

[0326] In this case, the WLAN scan can be performed through cooperation between the first SECC and a first AP controller that manages the coverage of the first AP where the first SECC is located.

[0327] The WLAN scan can include a process of discovering a second AP controller that manages the coverage of a second AP related to D-WPT road infrastructure, and the D-WPT road infrastructure can provide D-WPT services through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller.

[0328] The WLAN scan can include a process of discovering a second SECC that is within the coverage of a second AP related to D-WPT road infrastructure capable of providing D-WPT services and is associated with a second primary component embedded in or installed on the D-WPT road infrastructure through cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller.

[0329] After the operation of transmitting the handover trigger request to the first SECC, the processor 1100 can terminate wireless power transfer in cooperation with the first SECC.

[0330] The message including the handover trigger request and transmitted to the second SECC can further include a probe request for the second SECC.

[0331] After sending the message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC, the processor 1100 can perform probing and association between the EVCC and the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0332] After sending the message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC, the processor 1100 can perform a SECC Discovery Protocol (SDP) through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0333] After the processor 1100 transmits a message including a handover trigger request to the second SECC and establishes a session between the EVCC and the second SECC, the processor 1100 may enable the EVCC to perform precise positioning of the electric vehicle through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC, exchange parameters between the EVCC and the second SECC, and perform an alignment check between the electric vehicle and a second primary component associated with the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

[0334] The processor 1100 may enable the EVCC to enter a standby state when the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined reference value through D-WPT service between the first primary component and the electric vehicle, and resume wireless power transmission for the electric vehicle based on the D-WPT service when the SOC of the electric vehicle in the standby state is lower than a preset reference value.

[0335] The apparatus and method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer-readable program code or instructions stored on a computer-readable non-transitory recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices that store data readable by a computer system. The computer-readable recording medium may be distributed over computer systems connected through a network such that the computer-readable program or code may be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0336] The computer-readable recording medium may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. The program instructions may include not only machine language code generated by a compiler but also high-level language code executable by a computer using an interpreter or the like.

[0337] Some aspects of the present invention described above in the context of an apparatus may indicate corresponding descriptions of a method according to the present invention, and the blocks or apparatuses may correspond to operations of the method or features of the operations. Similarly, some aspects described in the context of the method may be expressed by features of blocks, items, or devices corresponding thereto. For example, some or all of the operations of the method may be performed by (or using) a hardware device such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some exemplary embodiments, one or more of the most important operations of the method may be performed by such a device.

[0338] In some exemplary embodiments, a programmable logic device such as a field-programmable gate array may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some exemplary embodiments, the field-programmable gate array may be operated with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, the method is preferably performed by some hardware device.

[0339] The description of the present disclosure may be merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the substance of the disclosure may be intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. Such variations may not be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charging communication switching method using multiple access points in an electric vehicle charging system, the method comprises: sending a switching trigger request from an electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) installed in an electric vehicle to a first power supply equipment communication controller (SECC), so that the first SECC performs a WLAN scan to discover a second SECC adjacent to the first SECC and capable of supporting dynamic wireless power transfer (D-WPT) service, the first power supply equipment communication controller corresponding to a first primary component that transmits power to the electric vehicle through the D-WPT; and based on the result of the WLAN scan, sending, by the EVCC, a message including the switching trigger request to the second SECC.

2. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, wherein, the WLAN scan is performed through cooperation between the first SECC and a first access point (AP) controller that manages the coverage of the first AP where the first SECC is located.

3. The charging communication switching method according to claim 2, wherein, the WLAN scan includes the following process: discovering a second AP controller through the cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, the second AP controller managing the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing the D-WPT service.

4. The charging communication switching method according to claim 2, wherein, the WLAN scan includes the following process: discovering the second SECC through the cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, the second SECC being located within the coverage of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing the D-WPT service and being associated with a second primary component installed in the D-WPT road infrastructure.

5. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, further comprises: after sending the switching trigger request to the first SECC, terminating wireless power transfer in cooperation with the first SECC.

6. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, wherein, the message sent to the second SECC and including the switching trigger request further includes a probe request for the second SECC.

7. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, further comprises: after sending the message including the switching trigger request to the second SECC, performing probing and association between the EVCC and the second SECC through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

8. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, further comprises: after sending the message including the switching trigger request to the second SECC, performing a SECC discovery protocol (SDP) through cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

9. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, further comprises: After sending the message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC, when establishing a session, perform precise positioning of the electric vehicle; Exchange parameters between the EVCC and the second SECC; and Through the cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC, check the alignment between the electric vehicle and the second primary component coupled to the second SECC.

10. The charging communication switching method according to claim 1, further comprises: As a result of the D-WPT service between the first primary component and the electric vehicle, when the charging state (SOC, state of charge) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined threshold, convert the state of the EVCC to the standby state; And When the SOC of the electric vehicle becomes lower than the predetermined threshold in the standby state, resume wireless power transmission to the electric vehicle based on the D-WPT service.

11. An electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC, electric vehicle communication controller), installed in an electric vehicle and associated with a secondary component that receives power from a primary component, the electric vehicle communication controller comprises: A processor, configured to receive at least one instruction from a memory and execute the at least one instruction, wherein, when executing the at least one instruction, the processor is configured to: Send a handover trigger request to a first power supply device communication controller (SECC, power supply device communication controller), such that the first SECC performs a WLAN scan to discover a second SECC adjacent to the first SECC and capable of supporting a dynamic wireless power transmission (D-WPT) service, the first power supply device communication controller corresponding to a first primary component that transmits power to the electric vehicle through the D-WPT; and Based on the result of the WLAN scan, send a message including the handover trigger request to the second power supply device communication controller.

12. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, The WLAN scan is performed through the cooperation between the first SECC and a first access point (AP, access point) controller, and the first AP controller manages the coverage area of the first AP where the first SECC is located.

13. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 12, wherein, The WLAN scan includes: a process of discovering a second AP controller through the cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, and the second AP controller manages the coverage area of a second AP related to a D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing the D-WPT service.

14. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 12, wherein, The WLAN scan includes: a process of discovering the second SECC through the cooperation between the first SECC and the first AP controller, where the second SECC is within the coverage of a second AP related to D-WPT road infrastructure suitable for providing the D-WPT service and is associated with a second primary component installed in the D-WPT road infrastructure.

15. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, by executing the at least one instruction, the processor is further configured to: after sending the handover trigger request to the first SECC, terminate wireless power transfer in cooperation with the first SECC.

16. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, the message sent to the second SECC and including the handover trigger request further includes a probe request for the second SECC.

17. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, by executing the at least one instruction, the processor is further configured to: after sending the message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC, perform probing and association (association) between the EVCC and the second SECC through the cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

18. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, by executing the at least one instruction, the processor is further configured to: after sending the message including the handover trigger request to the second SECC, perform the SECC Discovery Protocol (SDP) through the cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

19. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, by executing the at least one instruction, the processor is further configured to: after the message including the handover trigger request is sent to the second SECC, when a session is established, perform precise positioning of the electric vehicle; exchange parameters between the EVCC and the second SECC; and check the alignment between the electric vehicle and a second primary component coupled to the second SECC through the cooperation between the EVCC and the second SECC.

20. The electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) according to claim 11, wherein, by executing the at least one instruction, the processor is further configured to: as a result of the D-WPT service between the first primary component and the electric vehicle, when the state of charge (SOC, state of charge) of the electric vehicle reaches a predetermined threshold, transition the state of the EVCC to the standby state; and when the SOC of the electric vehicle becomes lower than the predetermined threshold in the standby state, resume wireless power transfer to the electric vehicle based on the D-WPT service.

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