Testing Device and Method for Tensile Shear and Compressive Shear Characteristics of Anchored Rock Mass under Complex Loads

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of rock material shear test, and discloses a testing device and method for the tensile shear / compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads, including a clamping assembly, the clamping assembly can clamp an I-shaped rock mass sample; a first loading assembly includes a first loading module for providing tensile and compressive loads, the first loading module is connected to the clamping assembly through a first force transmission module, and the middle of the rock mass sample is loaded with tensile and compressive loads; a second loading assembly includes a second loading module for providing tensile and compressive loads, the second loading module is connected to the clamping assembly through a second force transmission module, and the middle of the rock mass sample is loaded with tensile and compressive loads. The present invention is easy to operate and has a wide range of applications. It can simulate complex load conditions in actual engineering, provide high-precision test data, comprehensively evaluate rock mass mechanical properties, provide important basis for the design and stability analysis of rock mass engineering, and has high practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock material shear testing, and in particular to a device and method for testing the tensile shear and compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads. Background Art

[0002] In the field of rock mechanics, the study of the mechanical properties of anchored rock mass has always been the focus of the engineering community. Especially in deep rock mass engineering, such as underground caverns, tunnels, slopes and other projects, the anchored rock mass is subjected to complex loads, and its tensile shear and compressive shear properties are directly related to the stability and safety of the project.

[0003] Most of the existing anchored rock mass testing methods are limited to a single static or dynamic load condition and cannot fully simulate the complex stress state in actual engineering. Under different load conditions, the anchored rock mass exhibits different mechanical properties. Under a relatively single load, it mainly exhibits basic mechanical properties such as tension, compression and shear; under complex loads, the mechanical behavior of the anchored rock mass exhibits a high degree of complexity and uncertainty, and its internal structure and mechanical response change significantly, making it difficult to accurately predict the overall mechanical properties. However, most of the existing testing methods and devices have limitations and cannot accurately measure the tension, shear and compression shear characteristics of the anchored rock mass under complex stress states; some testing devices can only achieve loading in a single direction and cannot simulate multi-directional stress states, resulting in a large deviation between the test results and the actual engineering situation.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to design a device and method for testing the tensile shear and compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for testing the tensile shear and compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a device for testing the tensile shear and compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads, comprising:

[0007] A clamping assembly, wherein the clamping assembly can clamp a rock sample for testing, wherein the rock sample is designed to be an I-shaped rock sample;

[0008] A first loading assembly, the first loading assembly comprising a first loading module for providing tensile and compressive loads, the first loading module being transmission-connected to the clamping assembly via a first force transmission module, and applying tensile and compressive loads to the middle of the rock sample;

[0009] The second loading component, the second loading component includes a second loading module for providing tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads, and the second loading module is drivingly connected to the clamping component through a second force transmission module to apply tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the middle part of the rock mass specimen.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping component includes end clamps respectively clamped to both ends of the rock mass specimen, and the two end clamps are respectively drivingly connected to the output ends of the first force transmission module.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping component includes a shear box sleeved on the middle part of the rock mass specimen, and both sides of the shear box are respectively drivingly connected to the output ends of the second force transmission module.

[0012] Preferably, symmetrically arranged first force transmission rods and second force transmission rods are drivingly connected to the inner ring of the first force transmission module, and the first force transmission rod and the second force transmission rod are respectively drivingly connected to the two end clamps.

[0013] Preferably, the first force transmission module includes two first force transmission disks arranged in a semi-circular shape, and the two first force transmission disks are respectively drivingly connected to the first loading module; both ends of the first force transmission rod and the second force transmission rod are drivingly connected to the inner ring of the first force transmission disk.

[0014] Preferably, a number of corresponding first adjustment holes and second adjustment holes are formed on the first force transmission disk, the first loading module is drivingly connected to the first force transmission disk through the first adjustment hole, and the first force transmission rod and the second force transmission rod are respectively drivingly connected to the first force transmission disk through the second adjustment hole.

[0015] Preferably, symmetrically arranged third force transmission rods and fourth force transmission rods are drivingly connected to the second force transmission module, and the third force transmission rod and the fourth force transmission rod are respectively drivingly connected to both sides of the shear box.

[0016] Preferably, the second force transmission module includes two second force transmission disks arranged in a semi-circular shape, and the two second force transmission disks are respectively drivingly connected to the second loading module, and the third force transmission rod and the fourth force transmission rod are respectively drivingly connected to the inner ring of the second force transmission disk.

[0017] Preferably, a number of corresponding third adjustment holes and fourth adjustment holes are formed on the second force transmission disk, the second loading module is drivingly connected to the second force transmission disk through the third adjustment hole, and the third force transmission rod and the fourth force transmission rod are respectively drivingly connected to the second force transmission disk through the fourth adjustment hole.

[0018] The present invention also discloses a test method for a test device for testing the tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of an anchored rock mass under complex load actions, including the following steps:

[0019] Prepare a rock mass sample for testing according to the rock mass structure parameters;

[0020] Select a clamping component adapted to the rock mass sample, and clamp and fix the rock mass sample through the clamping component;

[0021] Connect the output ends of the first loading component and the second loading component of the testing device to the clamping component respectively to achieve the positioning and loading of the rock mass sample;

[0022] Start the first loading component, load the clamping component through the first loading module, apply tensile and compressive loads to the rock mass sample, and measure the values of the tensile and compressive loads and the deformation of the rock mass sample;

[0023] Start the second loading component, load the clamping component through the second loading module, apply tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the rock mass sample, and measure the values of the tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads and the deformation of the rock mass sample;

[0024] Start the first loading module and the second loading module simultaneously, apply coupled tensile and compressive loads and tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the rock mass sample simultaneously, and measure the load values and the deformation of the rock mass sample;

[0025] Adjust the loading directions of the first loading module and the second loading module to achieve the application of different forms of loads.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present invention discloses a testing device and method for the tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of anchored rock masses under complex loads, which can realize the multi-load loading test of rock mass specimens and evaluate the mechanical properties of rock masses under different load conditions. It mainly consists of a clamping assembly for clamping rock mass specimens, a first loading assembly, and a second loading assembly. The main function of the clamping assembly is to fix the I-shaped rock mass specimens used for the test. The design of the I-shaped rock mass specimens may be more in line with the characteristics of actual anchored rock masses in terms of force distribution compared with conventional shapes, and can more effectively transfer and disperse loads, reduce test errors caused by unreasonable specimen shapes, and improve the accuracy and reliability of test results. At the same time, this shape is also convenient for clamping and loading operations, improving test efficiency. It can deeply study the bearing capacity, deformation characteristics, and failure modes of the target position under complex loads, which helps to optimize the anchoring design and improve engineering safety. By applying different types of loads to the middle part of the rock mass specimen through the first loading assembly and the second loading assembly respectively, it can accurately simulate the complex load conditions such as tension, compression, tensile-shear, and compressive-shear that the anchored rock mass may encounter in actual engineering. Compared with the traditional single-load test, this device can more realistically reflect the mechanical behavior of the rock mass under complex environments and provide more accurate data support for the design and construction of anchored rock mass projects. The first loading assembly includes a first loading module, which can provide tensile and compressive loads. The load is transmitted to the clamping assembly through the first force transmission module and accurately transferred to the rock mass specimen, and tensile and compressive loads can be applied separately to the middle part of the rock mass specimen to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass under single tensile and compressive forces. The second loading assembly consists of a second loading module, which can provide tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads and is connected to the clamping assembly through the second force transmission module. Similarly, it loads the middle part of the rock mass specimen, and can simulate the situation where the rock mass is subjected to complex loads of tensile-shear or compressive-shear in actual engineering, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the rock mass under complex stress states. At the same time, this application can also integrate multiple load tests such as tension, compression, tensile-shear, and compressive-shear in the same device, and can realize the coupled loading of complex loads on the rock mass specimen without replacing different test equipment, complete various types of tests on the same device, comprehensively study the mechanical properties of the anchored rock mass, reduce the test cost and time cost, and improve the convenience and efficiency of the test.

[0027] The present invention is easy to operate and has a wide range of applications. It can simulate complex load conditions in actual engineering, provide high-precision test data, comprehensively evaluate the mechanical properties of rock masses, and provide an important basis for the design and stability analysis of rock mass projects, having high practical value. Description of the Drawings

[0028] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is an axial view of the loading device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is an axial view of the rock sample of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a front view of the first loading component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a front view of the second loading assembly of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping assembly of the present invention;

[0034] In the figure: 1. rock sample; 2. end clamp; 3. shear box; 4. first loading frame; 5. first loading device; 6. second loading device; 7. first force transfer rod; 8. second force transfer rod; 9. first force transfer plate; 10. first adjustment hole; 11. second adjustment hole; 12. second loading frame; 13. third loading device; 14. fourth loading device; 15. third force transfer rod; 16. fourth force transfer rod; 17. second force transfer plate; 18. third adjustment hole; 19. fourth adjustment hole; 20. anchor rod; 21. clearance hole; 22. first connecting block; 23. second connecting block; 24. third connecting block; 25. fourth connecting block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for testing the tensile shear and compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads, comprising:

[0038] A clamping assembly, the clamping assembly can clamp a rock sample 1 for testing, and the rock sample 1 is designed to be an I-shaped rock sample;

[0039] A first loading assembly, the first loading assembly includes a first loading module for providing tensile and compressive loads, the first loading module is connected to the clamping assembly through a first force transmission module, and applies tensile and compressive loads to the middle of the rock sample 1;

[0040] The second loading assembly includes a second loading module for providing tensile shear and compressive shear loads. The second loading module is connected to the clamping assembly through a second force transmission module to load tensile shear and compressive shear loads on the middle part of the rock sample 1.

[0041] The present invention discloses a testing device and method for tensile shear and compressive shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loads, which realizes multiple load loading tests on a rock mass sample 1 and evaluates the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass under different load conditions; the device and method mainly comprise a clamping assembly for clamping the rock mass sample 1, a first loading assembly and a second loading assembly, wherein the main function of the clamping assembly is to fix the I-shaped rock mass sample 1 for the test, and the I-shaped rock mass sample 1 design, compared with the conventional shape, may be more in line with the characteristics of the actual anchored rock mass in terms of force distribution, can more effectively transmit and disperse the load, reduce the test error caused by the unreasonable shape of the sample, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results. reliability; at the same time, this shape is also convenient for clamping and loading operations, which improves the test efficiency and can conduct in-depth research on the bearing capacity, deformation characteristics and failure mode of the target position under complex loads, which is helpful to optimize the anchoring design and improve the engineering safety; different types of loads are applied to the middle part of the rock specimen 1 by the first loading assembly and the second loading assembly respectively, which can accurately simulate the complex load conditions such as tension, compression, tension-shear, compression-shear, etc. that the anchored rock may encounter in actual engineering. Compared with the traditional single load test, the device can more realistically reflect the mechanical behavior of the rock in a complex environment and provide more accurate data support for the design and construction of the anchored rock engineering. The first loading component includes a first loading module, which can provide tensile and compressive loads. The loads are connected to the clamping component through the first force transmission module, and the loads are accurately transmitted to the rock sample 1. Tensile and compressive loads can be applied to the middle part of the rock sample 1 separately, which is used to study the mechanical properties of the rock under single tensile and compressive stress conditions; the second loading component is composed of a second loading module, which can provide tensile shear and compressive shear loads, and is connected to the clamping component through the second force transmission module. The middle part of the rock sample 1 is also loaded, which can simulate the situation where the rock is subjected to complex tensile shear or compressive shear loads in actual engineering, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the rock under complex stress conditions; at the same time, the present application can also integrate multiple load tests such as tension, compression, tensile shear, and compressive shear in the same device, and can realize the coupled loading of complex loads on the rock sample 1 without replacing different test equipment, complete various types of tests on the same device, comprehensively study the mechanical properties of the anchored rock, reduce the test cost and time cost, and improve the convenience and efficiency of the test. The invention is easy to operate and has a wide range of applications. It can simulate complex load conditions in actual engineering projects, provide high-precision test data, and comprehensively evaluate the mechanical properties of rock masses, thus providing an important basis for the design and stability analysis of rock mass engineering and having high practical value.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the rock sample 1 is designed to be an I-shaped structure, and the clamping components are respectively clamped and arranged at both ends and the middle of the rock sample 1. The rock sample 1 is arranged in an I-shaped shape, which enhances the force performance of the rock sample 1, facilitates the testing of its shear and tensile properties, and facilitates the clamping of the rock sample 1 by the clamping component, and facilitates the first loading module and the second loading module to load the I-shaped rock sample 1, and the device ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0043] In an extended implementation of the present application, an anchor rod 20 may be provided in the rock sample 1 to facilitate reinforcement of the rock sample 1 and simulate the rock structure after reinforcement by the anchor rod 20 .

[0044] Further optimizing the scheme, the clamping assembly includes end clamps 2 respectively clamped with the two ends of the rock sample 1, and the end clamps 2 are respectively connected to the loading end of the first force transmission module. The end clamps 2 are designed as a frame structure, and the crossbeams at both ends of the rock sample 1 are clamped into the end clamps 2, which is convenient for clamping the two ends of the rock sample 1, and is convenient for applying tensile and compressive loads, ensuring the accurate transmission of the load and improving the accuracy of the load test.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present application, when an anchor rod 20 is provided in the rock sample 1, a clearance hole 21 is provided in the end clamp 2, and the clearance hole 21 is provided corresponding to the anchor rod 20. When the rock sample 1 with the built-in anchor rod 20 is clamped, the end of the anchor rod 20 is inserted into the clearance hole 21 for easy installation.

[0046] Further optimization scheme, the clamping assembly includes a shear box 3 sleeved in the middle of the rock sample 1, and the two sides of the shear box 3 are respectively connected to the output end of the second force transmission module. The shear box 3 is sleeved in the middle area of ​​the I-shaped rock sample 1, and the two sides of the shear box 3 are connected to the output end of the second force transmission module, which is convenient for applying tensile shear and compressive shear loads, ensuring accurate load transmission, and helping to test the shear performance of the rock sample 1.

[0047] Further optimization scheme, the inner ring of the first force transmission module is transmission-connected with the symmetrically arranged first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8, and the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8 are respectively transmission-connected with the two end clamps 2. The output end of the first loading module is transmission-connected with the input end of the first force transmission module, and the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8 transmission-connected on the first force transmission module are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rock sample 1, and then respectively connected to the end clamps 2 at the upper and lower ends, so as to facilitate the loading of tensile and compressive loads on the rock sample 1, while ensuring the stability of the loading and the uniform transmission of the load, thereby improving the accuracy of the test.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first loading component further includes a frame-shaped first loading rack 4, which serves as the installation basis of the first loading module, ensuring the stability of the loading process and facilitating the application of tensile and compressive loads; the first loading module is fixedly installed inside the first loading rack 4, and its output end is in transmission connection with the first force transmission module.

[0049] In a further optimized solution, the first force transmission module includes two first force transmission disks 9 arranged in a semi-circular shape. The two first force transmission disks 9 are respectively in transmission connection with the first loading module; both ends of the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8 are in transmission connection with the inner circle of the first force transmission disk 9. The first force transmission module includes two symmetrically arranged first force transmission disks 9, and the first force transmission disk 9 is designed in a semi-circular structure, which is convenient for evenly distributing the load of the first loading module, and then loading the load onto the rock mass specimen 1 through the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8, facilitating the uniform distribution and transmission of the load, improving the accuracy and stability of the test. There is a gap designed between the two first force transmission disks 9 as the moving gap between the two first force transmission disks 9 during the loading process to avoid mutual influence; at the same time, the second loading module corresponds to this gap, and the second force transmission module passes through this gap and is in transmission connection with the side wall of the shear box 3, facilitating the load of the second loading module to be transmitted to the rock mass specimen 1.

[0050] In a further optimized solution, a number of corresponding first adjustment holes 10 and second adjustment holes 11 are provided on the first force transmission disk 9. The first loading module is in transmission connection with the first force transmission disk 9 through the first adjustment holes 10, and the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8 are respectively in transmission connection with the first force transmission disk 9 through the second adjustment holes 11. The first adjustment holes 10 are arranged in an arc shape at equal intervals on the outer circle of the first force transmission disk 9, facilitating the connection between the first loading module and the first force transmission disk 9; at the same time, by connecting the first loading module and the first force transmission disk 9 through the first adjustment holes 10 at different positions, tensile and compressive loads can be applied at different angles; the second adjustment holes 11 are provided in groups of two corresponding to the first adjustment holes 10, and the ends of the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8 are connected to the first force transmission disk 9 through the second adjustment holes 11, facilitating the load transmission, facilitating the adjustment of the connection positions between the first loading module and the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8, and realizing the load application at different angles, improving the flexibility and accuracy of the test.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, the first loading module includes a first loading device 5 and a second loading device 6 arranged corresponding to each other up and down. The first loading device 5 and the second loading device 6 are respectively installed on the first loading rack 4, and the load on the first force transmission disk 9 is applied through the adapted first connection block 22 and the first adjustment holes 10.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present application, the first force transfer rod 7 and the second force transfer rod 8 are respectively connected to the first force transfer disk 9 through the second connection blocks 23 and the second adjustment holes 11 that are adapted to each other.

[0053] In a further optimized solution, the second force transfer module is drivingly connected to the symmetrically arranged third force transfer rod 15 and the fourth force transfer rod 16. The third force transfer rod 15 and the fourth force transfer rod 16 are respectively drivingly connected to both sides of the shear box 3. The output end of the second loading module is drivingly connected to the left and right sides of the second force transfer module. The third force transfer rod 15 and the fourth force transfer rod 16 drivingly connected to the second force transfer module are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rock mass specimen 1 and then connected to the shear box 3, facilitating the loading of tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads on the rock mass specimen 1, while ensuring the stability of the loading and ensuring the uniform transfer of the load, and improving the accuracy of the test.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second loading assembly further includes a frame-shaped second loading frame 12, which serves as the installation basis for the second loading module, ensuring the stability of the loading process and facilitating the application of tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads. The second loading module is installed and fixed inside the second loading frame 12, and its output end is drivingly connected to the second force transfer module.

[0055] In a further optimized solution, the second force transfer module includes two second force transfer disks 17 arranged in a semi-circular shape. The two second force transfer disks 17 are respectively drivingly connected to the second loading module. The third force transfer rod 15 and the fourth force transfer rod 16 are respectively drivingly connected to the inner circles of the second force transfer disks 17. The second force transfer module includes two symmetrically arranged second force transfer disks 17. The second force transfer disks 17 are designed in a semi-circular structure, which is convenient for evenly distributing the load of the second loading module and then loading the load onto the rock mass specimen 1 through the third force transfer rod 15 and the fourth force transfer rod 16, facilitating the uniform distribution and transfer of the load, improving the accuracy and stability of the test, and there is a gap designed between the two second force transfer disks 17, corresponding to the first force transfer rod 7 and the second force transfer rod 8, which can not only serve as the moving gap between the two second force transfer disks 17 during the loading process but also facilitate the load transfer of the first force transfer rod 7 and the second force transfer rod 8.

[0056] For a further optimized solution, a number of correspondingly arranged third adjustment holes 18 and fourth adjustment holes 19 are provided on the second force transmission disk 17. The second loading module is in transmission connection with the second force transmission disk 17 through the third adjustment holes 18, and the third force transmission rod 15 and the fourth force transmission rod 16 are respectively in transmission connection with the second force transmission disk 17 through the fourth adjustment holes 19. The third adjustment holes 18 are arranged in an arc shape at equal intervals on the outer ring of the second force transmission disk 17, which is convenient for the second loading module to be connected to the second force transmission disk 17. At the same time, by connecting the second loading module to the third adjustment holes 18 at different positions of the second force transmission disk 17, tensile-shear and compressive-shear loadings at different angles can be realized. The fourth adjustment holes 19 are arranged in pairs corresponding to the third adjustment holes 18. The ends of the third force transmission rod 15 and the fourth force transmission rod 16 are connected to the second force transmission disk 17 through the fourth adjustment holes 19, which is convenient for load transmission and facilitates adjusting the connection positions of the second loading module with the third force transmission rod 15 and the fourth force transmission rod 16 to realize loadings at different angles, improving the flexibility and accuracy of the test.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present application, the second loading module includes a third loading device 13 and a fourth loading device 14 arranged corresponding to each other on the left and right. The third loading device 13 and the fourth loading device 14 are respectively installed on the second loading frame 12, and loadings on the second force transmission disk 17 are realized through the adaptively matched third connection blocks 24 and the third adjustment holes 18.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present application, the third force transmission rod 15 and the fourth force transmission rod 16 are respectively connected to the second force transmission disk 17 through the adaptively matched fourth connection blocks 25 and the fourth adjustment holes 19.

[0059] In summary, this device can apply various loads to the I-shaped rock mass specimen 1 with or without the anchor rod 20: it can apply axial or eccentric tensile and compressive loads, and can also apply loads perpendicular to the specimen axis laterally, including axial or eccentric tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads. In addition, by replacing the loading device, the application of different combined stress paths in multiple directions can also be realized.

[0060] The present invention also discloses a test method for a test device for testing the tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of an anchored rock mass under complex load actions, including the following steps:

[0061] Prepare a rock mass specimen 1 for the test according to the rock mass structure parameters; the preparation of the rock mass specimen 1 needs to be carried out according to the actual rock mass structure parameters to ensure that the rock mass specimen 1 can reflect the mechanical properties of the actual rock mass and improve the accuracy of the test parameters;

[0062] Select a clamping assembly adapted to the rock mass sample 1, and clamp and fix the rock mass sample 1 through the clamping assembly; ensure the stability of the rock mass sample 1 during the loading process to ensure that the sample will not slide or fall off during the loading process, and at the same time apply a load to the rock mass sample 1 through the clamping assembly;

[0063] Connect the output ends of the first loading assembly and the second loading assembly of the testing device to the clamping assembly respectively to achieve the positioning and loading of the rock mass sample 1;

[0064] Start the first loading assembly, load the clamping assembly through the first loading module to achieve the application of tensile and compressive loads on the rock mass sample 1, and measure the values of the tensile and compressive loads and the deformation of the rock mass sample; The first loading device 5 and the second loading device 6 apply loads through the first force transmission disk 9, and can apply axial and eccentric tensile and compressive forces to the rock mass sample 1; among them, the eccentric load is achieved by rotating the first force transmission disk 9; when rotating the first force transmission disk 9, the connections between the first force transmission rod 7 and the second force transmission rod 8 and the shear box 3 are set to be rotatable;

[0065] Start the second loading assembly, load the clamping assembly through the second loading module to achieve the application of tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads on the rock mass sample 1, and measure the values of the tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads and the deformation of the rock mass sample 1; The third loading device 13 and the fourth loading device 14 can apply tensile and compressive forces perpendicular to the axis or eccentric to the middle part of the rock mass sample 1 through the second force transmission disk 17. The third force transmission rod 15 and the fourth force transmission rod 16 transmit the loads to the middle part of the shear box 3 respectively to achieve the tensile-shear and compressive-shear effects on the middle part of the sample. Among them, the eccentric tensile and compressive forces are achieved by rotating the second force transmission disk 17; to ensure the fit between the shear box 3 and the sample contour, the shape of the shear box 3 needs to be changed, and at this time, the shear effect on different cross-sections in the middle of the sample is achieved;

[0066] Start the first loading module and the second loading module at the same time to apply coupled tensile and compressive loads and tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the rock mass sample 1 at the same time, and measure the load values and the deformation of the rock mass sample 1;

[0067] Adjust the loading directions of the first loading module and the second loading module to achieve the application of different forms of loads. By changing the type of loading device and its corresponding position with the force transmission disk, different forms of loads such as static load, dynamic load, and static-dynamic combined load can be applied.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the deformation of the rock mass sample 1 during the experiment under different loads is specifically the axial deformation and shear deformation in the middle of the sample, etc.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data obtained from the test is the key basis for analyzing the mechanical properties and failure modes of rock masses under complex loads, and it needs to be collected in real time and accurately through high-precision sensors for subsequent processing and analysis.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, when processing the recorded data, first, the data is sorted and preliminarily analyzed, and a load-deformation curve is plotted to visually show the deformation law of the rock mass specimen 1 under different loads. Then, based on the curve characteristics, the mechanical parameters of the rock mass are calculated, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, etc., to quantitatively describe its mechanical properties. Then, the mechanical responses of the specimens under different loading conditions are compared to evaluate the influence of complex loads on the mechanical properties of the rock mass, and combined with the observation of the failure mode, the failure mechanism of the rock mass is analyzed in depth. Finally, the processed data is combined with the actual engineering to provide a scientific and accurate basis for the design, stability analysis, and safety assessment of the anchored rock mass project, guiding the optimal design and construction of the actual project.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0072] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for the tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of anchored rock masses under complex loads, characterized in that Comprising: A clamping assembly, which can clamp a rock mass specimen (1) for testing, and the rock mass specimen (1) is designed in an I-shape; A first loading assembly, which includes a first loading module for providing tensile and compressive loads, and the first loading module is drivingly connected to the clamping assembly through a first force transmission module to apply tensile and compressive loads to the middle part of the rock mass specimen (1); A second loading assembly, which includes a second loading module for providing tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads, and the second loading module is drivingly connected to the clamping assembly through a second force transmission module to apply tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the middle part of the rock mass specimen (1); The clamping assembly includes end clamps (2) respectively clamped to both ends of the rock mass specimen (1), and the two end clamps (2) are respectively drivingly connected to the output ends of the first force transmission module; The clamping assembly includes a shear box (3) sleeved on the middle part of the rock mass specimen (1), and both sides of the shear box (3) are respectively drivingly connected to the output ends of the second force transmission module; Symmetrically arranged first force transmission rods (7) and second force transmission rods (8) are drivingly connected to the inner ring of the first force transmission module, and the first force transmission rod (7) and the second force transmission rod (8) are respectively drivingly connected to the two end clamps (2); The first force transmission module includes two semi-circular first force transmission discs (9), and the two first force transmission discs (9) are respectively drivingly connected to the first loading module; both ends of the first force transmission rod (7) and the second force transmission rod (8) are drivingly connected to the inner ring of the first force transmission disc (9); Symmetrically arranged third force transmission rods (15) and fourth force transmission rods (16) are drivingly connected to the second force transmission module, and the third force transmission rod (15) and the fourth force transmission rod (16) are respectively drivingly connected to both sides of the shear box (3); The second force transmission module includes two semi-circular second force transmission discs (17), and the two second force transmission discs (17) are respectively drivingly connected to the second loading module, and the third force transmission rod (15) and the fourth force transmission rod (16) are respectively drivingly connected to the inner ring of the second force transmission disc (17) for force distribution; 2. The testing device for tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loadings according to claim 1, wherein: A number of corresponding first adjustment holes (10) and second adjustment holes (11) are formed on the first force transmission disc (9), the first loading module is drivingly connected to the first force transmission disc (9) through the first adjustment hole (10), and the first force transmission rod (7) and the second force transmission rod (8) are respectively drivingly connected to the first force transmission disc (9) through the second adjustment hole (11); 3. The testing device for tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of anchored rock mass under complex loadings according to claim 1, wherein: A number of corresponding third adjustment holes (18) and fourth adjustment holes (19) are formed on the second force transmission disc (17), the second loading module is drivingly connected to the second force transmission disc (17) through the third adjustment hole (18), and the third force transmission rod (15) and the fourth force transmission rod (16) are respectively drivingly connected to the second force transmission disc (17) through the fourth adjustment hole (19); 4. A test method for the tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of an anchored rock mass under complex loading, based on the test device for the tensile-shear and compressive-shear characteristics of an anchored rock mass under complex loading according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that Including the following steps: Prepare a rock mass specimen (1) for testing according to the rock mass structure parameters; Select a clamping assembly adapted to the rock mass specimen (1), and clamp and fix the rock mass specimen (1) through the clamping assembly; Connect the output ends of the first loading assembly and the second loading assembly of the testing device to the clamping assembly respectively to achieve the positioning and loading of the rock mass specimen (1); Start the first loading assembly, load the clamping assembly through the first loading module, apply tensile and compressive loads to the rock mass specimen (1), and measure the values of the tensile and compressive loads and the deformation of the rock mass specimen; Start the second loading assembly, load the clamping assembly through the second loading module, apply tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the rock mass specimen (1), and measure the values of the tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads and the deformation of the rock mass specimen (1); Start the first loading module and the second loading module simultaneously, apply coupled tensile and compressive loads and tensile-shear and compressive-shear loads to the rock mass specimen (1) simultaneously, and measure the load values and the deformation of the rock mass specimen (1); Adjust the loading directions of the first loading module and the second loading module to achieve the application of different forms of loads.

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