Intelligent fuse

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent fuse, which comprises a conductor pre-fracture, an explosion device, a cutting device and an amplitude limiter, and is characterized in that the amplitude limiter is connected in series between the explosion device and a conductor at the front end of the conductor pre-fracture and is used for transmitting a generated voltage drop signal to the explosion device when an external circuit is short-circuited; the explosion device comprises two external signal input ports, one external signal input port is connected with the amplitude limiter, and the other external signal input port is connected with the external signal receiver; and the energy generated by the explosion device cuts off the conductor pre-fracture. Based on a transformer-free circuit structure, intelligent control of a circuit trigger signal and an external trigger signal on the fuse is realized, high and low voltage isolation is realized, the current can be automatically cut off at the moment when an external control signal is received or the current exceeds a detection threshold, and finally the purpose of improving the safety of an electrical system is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of electrical protection of conductors, and particularly relates to an intelligent fuse. Background Art

[0002] The fuse plays a protective role in the circuit. Its working principle is that when the current exceeds its rated value, the fuse will melt due to overheating and finally cut off the circuit. However, for this reason, its response time is slow, it is difficult to detect rapid overcurrent situations, and there is a high risk in the occurrence of arc faults or short circuits.

[0003] For existing intelligent fuses, in one solution, a transformer solution is adopted to transform the arc into an electrical signal that can trigger gunpowder, but its safety and controllability are poor, and the internal components are complex.

[0004] In one solution, the arc is directly transmitted through a TVS tube into an electrical signal that can trigger gunpowder, and its arc starting structure still relies on the thermal effect of the current, lacking accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent fuse, which solves the problem of slow response time and safety risks of fuses in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: An intelligent fuse includes a conductor pre-break port and an explosion device; it further includes a limiter, which is connected in series between the explosion device and the conductor at the front end of the conductor pre-break port, and is used to transmit the generated voltage drop signal to the explosion device when the external circuit is short-circuited; the explosion device includes two external signal input ports, wherein, one external signal input port is connected to the limiter, and the other external signal input port is connected to an external signal receiver; the energy generated by the explosion device cuts off the conductor pre-break port.

[0007] The explosion device is two gas generators, one of which is connected to the limiter; the other is connected to the external signal receiver.

[0008] One end of the limiter is connected to the conductor at the front end of the conductor pre-break port, and the other end is connected to a port of the gas generator. The other port of the gas generator is connected to the conductor at the rear end of the conductor pre-break port.

[0009] It further includes a cutting device, which is used to receive the energy generated by the explosion device and cut off the conductor pre-break port.

[0010] It further includes a gas guiding device, which is used to centrally guide the explosion gas generated by the explosion device to the cutting device.

[0011] The gas guiding device has a structure where the lower outlet is smaller than the upper inlet and is used to concentrate the gas at the lower outlet.

[0012] One end of the cutting device is in surface contact with the explosion device, and the other end is in point contact or line contact with the conductor pre-breaking point.

[0013] In order to further solve the problem of the applicable range of the intelligent fuse, the present invention also discloses an intelligent fuse with a modular design, and the specific technical solution is as follows: An intelligent fuse includes an intelligent fuse main circuit and a second conductor branch. Among them, the intelligent fuse main circuit is the circuit of the aforementioned intelligent fuse, and the second conductor branch is composed of a lower-layer conductor and a thermosensitive material connected in series. The second conductor branch is connected in parallel with the conductor pre-breaking point of the intelligent fuse main circuit.

[0014] Both the intelligent fuse main circuit and the second conductor branch are modular structures and have ports for matching connection.

[0015] The conductor pre-breaking point is formed by cutting off a part of the material on the conductor to reduce the cross-sectional area of the conductor at its location; the material of the lower-layer conductor is the same as that of the conductor pre-breaking point, and its cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the conductor pre-breaking point.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Connect the limiter in series between the conductor and the explosion device, and trigger the explosion device to control the disconnection of the conductor pre-breaking point through the voltage drop signal, playing a role of rapid response.

[0017] 2. Integrate the fuse element and the pre-breaking point into one part, form the pre-breaking point by cutting a part of the conductor, cut different shapes and quantities according to different requirements, further achieve the purpose of rapid cutting, and improve safety.

[0018] 3. Based on a transformerless circuit structure to realize the intelligent control of the fuse by the circuit trigger signal and the external trigger signal, and achieve high and low voltage isolation for the circuit trigger signal and the external trigger signal, and can automatically cut off the current instantly when receiving an external control signal or when the current exceeds the detection threshold, ultimately achieving the purpose of improving the safety of the electrical system.

[0019] 4. Do not rely on the fuse wire structure of traditional intelligent fuses, adopt thermosensitive materials, have better safety while achieving millisecond-level triggering, and do not rely on the thermal melting method. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit composition structure of the first embodiment of the intelligent fuse of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second embodiment of the intelligent fuse of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the circuit composition structure of the third embodiment of the intelligent fuse of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the circuit composition structure of the fourth embodiment of the intelligent fuse of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the circuit composition structure of the fifth embodiment of the intelligent fuse of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the circuit of the intelligent fuse with a modular circuit structure according to the present invention.

[0022] Among them, the identifications in the figure are: 101 - conductor; 102 - explosion device; 103 - limiter; 104 - cutting device; 105 - external signal receiver; 106 - current limiting device; 107 - conductor pre - break port; 108 - arc extinguishing device; 109 - gas guiding device; 110 - lower - layer conductor; 111 - thermosensitive material. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The structure and working process of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] An intelligent fuse includes a conductor pre - break port, an explosion device, a cutting device, and a limiter. The limiter is connected in series between the explosion device and the conductor in front of the conductor pre - break port, and is used to transmit the generated voltage drop signal to the explosion device when an external circuit is short - circuited; the explosion device includes two external signal input ports. Among them, one external signal input port is connected to the limiter, and the other external signal input port is connected to the external signal receiver; the energy generated by the explosion device cuts off the conductor pre - break port.

[0025] An intelligent fuse, characterized in that: it includes an intelligent fuse main circuit and a second conductor branch. The second conductor branch is composed of a lower - layer conductor and a thermosensitive material connected in series, and the second conductor branch is connected in parallel with the conductor pre - break port of the intelligent fuse main circuit.

[0026] Specific embodiment one, as Figure 1 shown The intelligent fuse of the present invention includes a conductor 101, on which a conductor pre - break port 107 is provided, and the conductor pre - break port 107 has fuse characteristics. Above the conductor pre - break port 107, an explosion device 102 is provided. The explosion device 102 has two input ports. One of them receives an internal trigger signal and is connected to the limiter 103; the other receives an external trigger signal and is connected to the external signal receiver 105, and they are electrically isolated from each other.

[0027] The conductor 101 is used to form the path of the main circuit current. In order to conduct a large current, its material is generally made of low-resistivity metals such as red copper, brass, aluminum, silver, copper-silver alloy, and copper-aluminum alloy.

[0028] In order to enable the conductor 101 to be cut off by gas, a part of the material is removed from it, so that the cross-sectional area at this place becomes smaller, forming a conductor pre-fracture 107. Preferably, the pre-fracture 107 is arranged below the explosion device 102, and the pre-fracture 107 is wavy. In addition, the pre-fracture 107 can also be U-shaped or other groove shapes, as well as the combination of multiple groove shapes.

[0029] The explosion device 102 includes two ignition tubes or two micro gas generators. One of the two ignition tubes or micro gas generators is connected to the limiter; the other is connected to an external signal receiver.

[0030] After the explosion device 102 is powered on, it can quickly generate a large amount of gas. When the gas is ejected in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the conductor 101, the conductor 101 is disconnected at the conductor pre-fracture 107, forming a cut-off fracture.

[0031] The signal limiter 103 can limit the voltage amplitude, so as to ensure that the explosion device 102 can work in response to the voltage signal without being damaged. One end of the limiter 103 is connected to the front section of the conductor pre-fracture 107, and the other end is connected to a port of the gas generator. The other port of the gas generator is connected to the rear end of the conductor pre-fracture 107.

[0032] The external signal receiver 105 can couple the external drive signal to the explosion device 102, so that when the external drive system detects an abnormality and sends a signal, the signal can drive the explosion device 102 to disconnect the conductor 101.

[0033] The limiter 103 can be a rectifier diode, a transient voltage suppressor (TVS), a zener diode, a resistor, or a combination of several of them, etc.

[0034] Specific Embodiment 2, as Figure 2 shown In this embodiment, on the basis of the structure of Embodiment 1, the intelligent fuse further includes a cutting device 104, whose function is to assist in quickly cutting off the conductor 101, changing the main circuit from a conducting state to a disconnected state, and further isolating the two ends of the cut-off conductor. In order to cut off the conductor 101 more quickly, the cutting device 104 is in direct contact with the conductor 101. Therefore, the cutting device 104 can be made of insulating materials such as synthetic materials like PA66, PA6, PC, PBT, PPS, etc. One end of the cutting device 104 is in surface contact with the explosive device 102, and the contact area is as large as possible to obtain a greater thrust under the same gas pressure; the other end of the cutting device 104 is in contact with the position where the conductor pre-break 107 is located, and the contact area is as small as possible, preferably point contact or line contact, to obtain a greater pressure under the action of the same pressure.

[0035] Specific Embodiment Three, as Figure 3 shown, In this embodiment, on the basis of the structure of Embodiment 1, the intelligent fuse further includes a gas guiding device 109, which can concentrate and transport the explosive gas generated by the explosive device 102 to the conductor pre-break 107, thereby enhancing the thrust of the explosive gas and enabling the conductor 101 to be quickly disconnected. The gas guiding device 109 can be in the shape of a T, a cone, or any device that is conducive to concentrating and guiding the explosive gas to the conductor pre-break 107.

[0036] Specific Embodiment Four, as Figure 4 shown, In this embodiment, the intelligent fuse includes both a cutting device 104 and a gas guiding device 109. The gas guiding device 109 concentrates and guides the explosive gas to the cutting device 104 so that the direction of the thrust generated by the explosive gas is perpendicular to the conductor 101 and symmetrically distributed around the center of the cutting device.

[0037] Specific Embodiment Five, as Figure 5 shown, In this embodiment, the explosive device 102 is an ignition tube or a micro gas generator, but it has two input ports that are electrically isolated from each other to ensure that the limiter and the external signal driver connected to it are electrically isolated from each other. The explosive gas generated by such an explosive device is relatively concentrated, and it is relatively easy to disconnect the conductor 101 even without using a gas guiding device.

[0038] Furthermore, this embodiment may further include a cutting device 104 to more quickly cut off the conductor 101, change the main circuit from a conducting state to a disconnected state, and isolate the two ends of the cut-off conductor.

[0039] Furthermore, in all of the above embodiments, considering that when the working current is too large, an arc will be generated at the cut-off gap, and the continuous burning of the arc will damage other parts of the circuit and even cause an explosion. Therefore, an arc extinguishing device 108 is provided.

[0040] The arc extinguishing device 108 is located on the side of the conductor pre-break 107. When the arc extinguishing device is a magnet, the arc will be drawn into the arc extinguishing device 108 for arc extinguishing; when the arc extinguishing device 108 is an arc extinguishing grid, after the cutting device 104 cuts the conductor 101, the arc will be pushed into the arc extinguishing device 108 for arc extinguishing, or the gas generated by the explosion of the explosion device 102 blows the arc into the arc extinguishing device 108 for arc extinguishing while disconnecting the conductor 101. The presence of the arc extinguishing device avoids potential hidden dangers of the circuit being disconnected under high current operation and ensures the safety of the circuit.

[0041] Specific Embodiment Six, as Figure 6 shown, This embodiment also discloses a new type of intelligent fuse, specifically: A new type of intelligent fuse includes a conductor 101, an explosion device 102, a limiter 103, a current limiting device (104), an external signal receiver 105, a lower conductor 110, a thermosensitive material 111, a cutting device 108, and a gas guiding device 109; the limiter 104 is connected in series between the explosion device 102 and the front section of the pre-port of the conductor 101, and is used to transmit the generated voltage drop signal to the explosion device 102 when an external short circuit occurs; the explosion device 102 includes two external signal input ports, one of which is connected to the limiter 103 and the other is connected to the external signal receiver; the energy generated by the explosion device 102 cuts the pre-break of the conductor 101; the lower conductor 110 is a thinner conductive material; when the current in the conductor 101 is normal and too large, the lower conductor 110 conducts equal-proportion current shunting; the lower conductor 110 is connected in series with the thermosensitive material 111. When the current passing through the conductor 101 increases, the current passing through the lower conductor 110 also increases simultaneously. When the threshold of the thermosensitive material 111 is reached, the resistance value of the thermosensitive material 111 increases sharply, and finally an arc is formed at both ends of the thermosensitive material 111, and this arc is transmitted to the explosion device 102 through the limiter 104.

[0042] In the above embodiments, the conductor pre-break 107 is formed by cutting off a part of the material on the conductor to reduce the cross-sectional area of the conductor at its location.

[0043] For the lower conductor 110, when a large current passes through the conductor 101, the explosion device 102 explodes to cut the conductor 101 from the pre-break. At this time, the large current passes through the lower conductor 110 and fuses the lower conductor 110 to play an arc extinguishing role for the arc generated during the cutting process of the conductor 101.

[0044] In this embodiment, both the intelligent fuse main circuit and the second conductor branch are modular structures with ports for mating connection. On the basis of the fixed intelligent fuse main circuit, different requirements can be met by replacing the second conductor branch module without changing the structure of the main circuit.

[0045] The conductor pre-breaking port is formed by removing a part of the material on the conductor to reduce the cross-sectional area of the conductor at its location; the material of the lower-layer conductor is the same as that of the conductor pre-breaking port, and its cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the conductor pre-breaking port.

[0046] The novel intelligent fuse of the present invention, on the basis of the transformer-disconnection scheme, realizes a smaller volume and lower cost, and isolates the internal trigger signal and the external trigger signal in terms of high and low voltages, thus avoiding the risk of high-voltage signals damaging the external drive circuit and ensuring the circuit safety.

[0047] This intelligent circuit breaker is applicable to many high-power electronic devices and electrical systems, especially having great potential in the following fields: Electric vehicles: In high-voltage batteries and electric drive systems, efficient and stable electrical connection technologies are required.

[0048] Renewable energy: For example, in solar and wind energy systems, the transmission and connection of electricity require high efficiency and reliability.

[0049] Aerospace and aviation: Electrical systems in high-temperature and high-pressure environments have very high requirements for connections.

[0050] Industrial automation: In automated equipment and robot systems, it can improve the efficiency of power transmission and reduce equipment maintenance costs.

[0051] With the rapid development of fields such as electric vehicles, renewable energy, aerospace, and industrial automation, this technology has the potential to become an important electrical connection technology. With the progress of technology, it is expected that intelligent fuses will be able to play an important role in a wider range of application scenarios, especially in scenarios requiring high-power, high-temperature, and long-life connections.

[0052] Although the present invention has been described by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and various changes and variations made without departing from the scope of the present invention are also included.

[0053] In this application, the orientation or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe this application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit that the indicated devices, elements or components must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0054] Moreover, in addition to being used to represent orientation or positional relationships, some of the above terms may also be used to represent other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to represent a certain attachment relationship or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] In addition, the terms "mount", "set", "provided with", "connect", "connected", "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or there can be internal communication between two devices, elements or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0056] It should be understood that this solution is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The devices and structures not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any person skilled in the art can make many possible changes and modifications to this solution using the methods and technical content disclosed above without departing from the scope of this solution, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes, which does not affect the essence of this solution. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this solution without departing from the content of this solution still fall within the scope of protection of this solution.

Claims

1. An intelligent fuse, comprising a conductor pre-break and an explosion device; characterized in that: It also includes a limiter, which is connected in series between the explosive device and the conductor at the front end of the conductor pre-break, and is used to transmit the generated voltage drop signal to the explosive device when the external circuit is short-circuited; the explosive device includes two external signal input ports, wherein one external signal input port is connected to the limiter, and the other external signal input port is connected to an external signal receiver; the energy generated by the explosive device cuts off the conductor pre-break.

2. The intelligent fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion device comprises two gas generators, one of which is connected to a limiter, and the other is connected to an external signal receiver.

3. The intelligent fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the limiter is connected to the conductor at the front end of the conductor pre-break, and the other end is connected to a port of the gas generator, and the other port of the gas generator is connected to the conductor at the rear end of the conductor pre-break.

4. The intelligent fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model also comprises a cutting device, which is used for receiving the energy generated by the explosive device and cutting off the pre-broken end of the conductor.

5. The intelligent fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a gas guiding device, which is used for guiding the explosion gas generated by the explosion device to the cutting device.

6. The intelligent fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas guiding device is a structure in which the lower outlet is smaller than the upper inlet and is used to concentrate the gas to the lower outlet.

7. The intelligent fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the cutting device is in surface contact with the explosive device, and the other end is in point contact or line contact with the pre-breaking end of the conductor.

8. An intelligent fuse, characterized in that: It includes a smart fuse main circuit and a second conductor branch, wherein the smart fuse main circuit is the circuit of the smart fuse as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the second conductor branch is composed of a lower conductor and a thermosensitive material in series, and the second conductor branch is connected in parallel with the conductor pre-breaking port of the smart fuse main circuit.

9. The intelligent fuse according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main circuit of the intelligent fuse and the second conductor branch are both modular structures and have matching connection ports.

10. The intelligent fuse according to claim 8, characterized in that: The conductor pre-break is formed by cutting off a part of the material on the conductor to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor at the position; the material of the lower conductor is the same as that of the conductor pre-break, and its cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the conductor pre-break.

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