A method and system for prediction and control of fuel cell hydrogen incidents

Abstract

The application provides a prediction and control method and system for a fuel cell hydrogen accident, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting first data information in a fuel cell power generation device by using a sensor, comparing the first data information with a preset first data information threshold, judging whether a deviation exists, and if yes, determining that a hydrogen accident occurs in the fuel cell power generation device, and entering step 2; step 2: generating a first control instruction and performing an action based on the first control instruction; step 3: determining the stage of the accident occurrence based on the first control instruction and by using an event tree method, judging whether the accident is in a fire extinguishing system starting stage, and if not, entering step 4; step 4: predicting consequence information; and step 5: generating a control scheme based on a heat radiation influence range and an overpressure influence range, and performing accident control. The technical scheme can timely and accurately predict and control the accident, and ensures the safe operation of the fuel cell power generation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of control technology for stationary fuel cell power generation devices, and in particular to a method and system for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Stationary fuel cell power generation systems can be connected to the grid to provide supplemental power, and can also be used as emergency power systems or independent generators in critical areas, showing great promise in the context of building new power systems. However, hydrogen, its main energy source, has characteristics such as a wide range of combustion limits, a large diffusion coefficient, and a fast flame propagation speed, which pose certain dangers. Therefore, hydrogen safety should be given special attention in stationary power generation systems.

[0003] In existing technologies, there are two main challenges in the prevention and handling of hydrogen accidents in stationary power generation fuel cells. First, after a hydrogen leak, the consequences and severity of the accident vary greatly depending on the leakage conditions, environmental conditions, and the activation level of safety facilities, making the outcome difficult to predict. Second, the difficulty lies in the challenge of assessing emergency response measures by on-site personnel. Overly aggressive emergency actions after a hydrogen accident may result in casualties, while insufficient emergency actions may lead to significant property damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a solution that can accurately and efficiently utilize monitoring parameters to predict accidents and implement rapid and precise control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and system for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells, in order to at least solve the technical problems of unpredictable accident outcomes and difficulty in judging emergency measures.

[0005] The first aspect of this application proposes a method for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells, the method comprising:

[0006] Step 1: Use sensors to collect first data information from the fuel cell power generation device, and compare the first data information with a preset first data information threshold to determine if there is a deviation. If so, determine that the fuel cell power generation device has experienced a hydrogen accident and proceed to Step 2.

[0007] Step 2: Generate a first control command based on the deviation, and then perform an action based on the first control command;

[0008] Step 3: Based on the first control command and using the event tree method to determine the stage of the accident, then determine whether the stage of the accident is the fire protection system activation stage. If not, proceed to step 4.

[0009] Step 4: Based on the first data information and the pre-established simulation database, predict the consequences of the accident, wherein the consequences include: the range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence;

[0010] Step 5: Generate a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and carry out accident control based on the control scheme.

[0011] Preferably, the first data information includes:

[0012] Hydrogen concentration, hydrogen pipeline pressure, flame information, smoke concentration;

[0013] The preset first data information threshold includes:

[0014] Hydrogen concentration safety threshold, hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, flame information threshold, smoke concentration safety threshold;

[0015] The threshold value for flame information is zero.

[0016] The first control command includes:

[0017] Activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the pipeline pressure sensor's audible and visual alarm, activate the flame detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, shut off the intake valve, activate the safety relief system, shut down the system, and activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0018] Furthermore, generating the first control command based on the deviation includes:

[0019] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the hydrogen concentration detector.

[0020] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the emergency exhaust fan.

[0021] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, and cut off the intake valve.

[0022] When the pressure in the hydrogen pipeline exceeds the preset hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, control commands are generated to activate the pipeline pressure sensor audible and visual alarm, shut off the intake valve, and activate the safety relief system.

[0023] When the flame information exceeds a preset flame information threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the flame detector and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0024] When the smoke concentration exceeds a preset smoke concentration safety threshold, a control command is generated to activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0025] Furthermore, determining the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method includes:

[0026] Obtain a pre-defined hydrogen leak event graph;

[0027] Based on the first control command, the event tree method is used to find the stage of the accident in the preset hydrogen leak event diagram;

[0028] The preset hydrogen leakage event diagram includes:

[0029] The development path of a hydrogen leak incident and the corresponding consequences of each path.

[0030] Furthermore, the stages in which the accident occurs include:

[0031] The stages are as follows: immediate ignition stage, hydrogen concentration detector alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, pipeline pressure sensor alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, delayed ignition stage, flame detector alarm stage, flame acceleration stage, smoke detector alarm stage, and fire protection system activation stage.

[0032] The consequences of the accident include:

[0033] Extinguished jet fire accident, serious jet fire accident, explosion and no secondary accident, explosion and possible secondary accident, no accident, extinguished flash fire accident, flash fire accident and possible secondary accident, safety hazard.

[0034] Furthermore, the step of predicting the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and the pre-established simulation database includes:

[0035] The consequences information corresponding to the first data information is searched in the pre-established simulation database, and the consequences information corresponding to the first data information is used as the consequences information corresponding to the accident.

[0036] The simulation database is obtained by simulating the fuel cell power generation device based on the first data information in each historical period and the corresponding consequence information of the first data information in each historical period.

[0037] Furthermore, the control scheme includes:

[0038] Whether personnel operation is required, the personnel approach range, the fire extinguishing area, and the valve closing range;

[0039] The method further includes:

[0040] The first data information, the first control command, the stage of the accident, the consequence information, and the control scheme are displayed.

[0041] A second aspect of this application provides a prediction and control system for hydrogen accidents in fuel cells, comprising:

[0042] The acquisition module is used to acquire first data information from the fuel cell power generation device using sensors, and compare the first data information with a preset first data information threshold to determine whether there is a deviation. If so, it is determined that the fuel cell power generation device has experienced a hydrogen accident and enters the generation module.

[0043] The generation module is used to generate a first control command based on the deviation, and then perform an action based on the first control command;

[0044] The judgment module is used to determine the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method, and then determine whether the stage of the accident is the fire protection system activation stage. If not, it enters the prediction module.

[0045] The prediction module is used to predict the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database, wherein the consequences include: the range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence.

[0046] The control module is used to generate a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and to perform accident control based on the control scheme.

[0047] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, it implements the method described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0048] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect.

[0049] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application bring at least the following beneficial effects:

[0050] This application proposes a method and system for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells. The method includes: Step 1: Collecting first data information from within the fuel cell power generation device using sensors, comparing the first data information with a preset first data information threshold, and determining whether a deviation occurs. If so, a hydrogen accident is determined to have occurred in the fuel cell power generation device, and proceeding to Step 2; Step 2: Generating a first control command based on the deviation, and then performing an action based on the first control command; Step 3: Determining the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using an event tree method, and then determining whether the stage of the accident is within the fire suppression system activation stage. If not, proceeding to Step 4; Step 4: Predicting the corresponding consequence information of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database, wherein the consequence information includes: the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range; Step 5: Generating a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and performing accident control based on the control scheme. The technical solution proposed in this application can predict and control accidents in a timely and accurate manner, ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0051] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0054] Figure 2 A diagram of a hydrogen leak event according to an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a first structural diagram of a prediction and control system for hydrogen accidents in a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a second structural diagram of a prediction and control system for hydrogen accidents in a fuel cell, provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0058] This application proposes a method and system for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells. The method includes: Step 1: Collecting first data information from within the fuel cell power generation device using sensors, comparing the first data information with a preset first data information threshold, and determining whether a deviation occurs. If so, a hydrogen accident is determined to have occurred in the fuel cell power generation device, and proceeding to Step 2; Step 2: Generating a first control command based on the deviation, and then performing an action based on the first control command; Step 3: Determining the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using an event tree method, and then determining whether the stage of the accident is within the fire suppression system activation stage. If not, proceeding to Step 4; Step 4: Predicting the corresponding consequence information of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database, wherein the consequence information includes: the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range; Step 5: Generating a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and performing accident control based on the control scheme. The technical solution proposed in this application can predict and control accidents in a timely and accurate manner, ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0059] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a method and system for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells, according to embodiments of this application.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0062] Step 1: Use sensors to collect first data information from the fuel cell power generation device, and compare the first data information with a preset first data information threshold to determine if there is a deviation. If so, determine that the fuel cell power generation device has experienced a hydrogen accident and proceed to Step 2. If not, continue monitoring until a deviation occurs and proceed to Step 2.

[0063] It should be noted that the primary function of this embodiment is to handle hydrogen accidents in the equipment. The development chain of a hydrogen accident is hydrogen leakage - hydrogen accumulation - ignition - combustion / explosion, which may result in serious consequences such as jet fire, flash fire, and vapor cloud explosion. Since the development of a hydrogen accident requires a certain process, and different on-site conditions, intervention stages, and levels of intervention can lead to different consequences, a further accident development stage assessment system after detecting a hydrogen leak can provide operators with more accident information, thereby reducing the probability of human error and improving the efficiency of accident response. This method divides the handling of hydrogen accidents into five parts: deviation monitoring, early warning and initial actions, accident development stage assessment, accident consequence prediction, and emergency measures.

[0064] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first data information includes:

[0065] Hydrogen concentration, hydrogen pipeline pressure, flame information, smoke concentration;

[0066] It should be noted that the first data information is collected based on multiple sensors in the power generation stack and the cabin. The key parameters monitored, i.e., the first data information, include but are not limited to the hydrogen concentration in the pack, the hydrogen concentration in the cabin, the hydrogen pipeline pressure, the flame, and the smoke. The corresponding sensors include hydrogen concentration sensors, hydrogen pipeline pressure sensors, hydrogen pipeline temperature sensors, flame detectors, and smoke detectors.

[0067] The preset first data information threshold includes:

[0068] Hydrogen concentration safety threshold, hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, flame information threshold, smoke concentration safety threshold;

[0069] The flame information threshold is zero, and a flame is considered to have appeared when the value of the flame information is greater than 0.

[0070] Step 2: Generate a first control command based on the deviation, and then perform an action based on the first control command;

[0071] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first control command includes:

[0072] Activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the pipeline pressure sensor's audible and visual alarm, activate the flame detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, shut off the intake valve, activate the safety relief system, shut down the system, and activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0073] It should be noted that the shutdown refers to shutting down the entire fuel cell system, including all equipment within the system, and simultaneously closing the hydrogen pipeline to cut off the hydrogen supply.

[0074] It should be noted that the generation of the first control command based on the deviation includes:

[0075] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the hydrogen concentration detector.

[0076] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the emergency exhaust fan.

[0077] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, and cut off the intake valve.

[0078] When the pressure in the hydrogen pipeline exceeds the preset hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, control commands are generated to activate the pipeline pressure sensor audible and visual alarm, shut off the intake valve, and activate the safety relief system.

[0079] When the flame information exceeds a preset flame information threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the flame detector and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0080] When the smoke concentration exceeds a preset smoke concentration safety threshold, a control command is generated to activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0081] It should be noted that once a deviation is detected in the key safety parameter, i.e. the primary data information parameter, the alarm system will be triggered. After the signal is transmitted to the control terminal, it will automatically take action according to the corresponding control logic, including shutting off the hydrogen valve, starting the emergency fan, and activating the fire protection system.

[0082] It should be noted that when a hydrogen leak occurs due to a failed hydrogen pipeline joint, the hydrogen concentration sensor above the fuel cell stack will first detect fluctuations in its parameter value. The sensor is set to a three-level alarm: Level 1 is set at 0.4% hydrogen content in the air, Level 2 at 1%, and Level 3 at 1.6%. If the fluctuation exceeds the threshold, the next warning and preliminary action module will be immediately triggered. A Level 1 alarm will trigger an audible and visual alarm signal; a Level 2 alarm will activate the Level 1 alarm measures and start the emergency exhaust fan; and a Level 3 alarm will activate the Level 1 and Level 2 alarm measures and trigger the emergency shut-off system.

[0083] Similarly, when an overpressure occurs in the hydrogen pipeline, the pressure sensor and the safety relief system work together to release the pressure; when the reactant overheats, the temperature sensor and the emergency stop system work together to shut down the system; when a fire occurs, the flame and smoke detectors work together with the fire extinguishing system to extinguish the fire; and when the monitoring system signal is abnormal, the control room will remotely alarm to remind the user to replace the faulty equipment.

[0084] Step 3: Based on the first control command and using the event tree method to determine the stage of the accident, then determine whether the stage of the accident is the fire protection system activation stage. If not, proceed to step 4.

[0085] It should be noted that the fire protection system activation phase is the final phase.

[0086] In this embodiment of the disclosure, determining the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method includes:

[0087] Obtain a pre-defined hydrogen leak event graph;

[0088] Based on the first control command, the event tree method is used to find the stage of the accident in the preset hydrogen leak event diagram;

[0089] The preset hydrogen leakage event diagram includes:

[0090] The development path of a hydrogen leak incident and the corresponding consequences of each path.

[0091] Furthermore, the stages in which the accident occurs include:

[0092] The stages are as follows: immediate ignition stage, hydrogen concentration detector alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, pipeline pressure sensor alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, delayed ignition stage, flame detector alarm stage, flame acceleration stage, smoke detector alarm stage, and fire protection system activation stage.

[0093] The consequences of the accident include:

[0094] Extinguished jet fire accident, serious jet fire accident, explosion and no secondary accident, explosion and possible secondary accident, no accident, extinguished flash fire accident, flash fire accident and possible secondary accident, safety hazard.

[0095] It should be noted that the event tree method (ETA) was used in the previous stage to list all possible hydrogen accident types and their development paths for stationary power generation systems, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the accident characteristics are described in detail. Based on the first data information monitored, namely the safety-critical parameters, the accident characteristics are quickly retrieved and compared to determine the stage of the accident. Specifically, Figure 2This demonstration shows the possible development path of an accident after a hydrogen leak. The stage of the accident can be determined by whether the events in the blue box in the first row occur. All the events listed in the first row are accompanied by changes in sensor parameters or valve opening and closing. In this example, the sequence is roughly as follows: change in flame alarm signal, change in hydrogen sensor parameters, change in pressure sensor parameters, change in valve opening and closing signal, change in flame detector signal, change in smoke detector signal, and change in fire protection system signal.

[0096] Regarding hydrogen leaks, the possible stages of an accident include, but are not limited to: no accident (no accident, corresponding to...) Figure 2 The last column, rows 7 and 13, in the accident consequences section, shows the following parameters: Row 7 corresponds to no change in the flame detector signal; change in the hydrogen concentration sensor parameter; and the hydrogen pipeline switch valve closing signal. Row 13 corresponds to no change in the flame detector signal; change in the pressure sensor parameter; and the hydrogen pipeline switch valve closing signal. The following scenarios are considered: No fire occurred, but hydrogen was not cut off, posing a safety hazard; a leak alarm was triggered and the leak was promptly cut off, but no fire occurred; only a fire alarm was triggered, accompanied by the ejection of oxidizers; no fire alarm was triggered, accompanied by the ejection of oxidizers; the ejection of oxidizers was extinguished, accompanied by a large-scale flash fire; the fire alarm was triggered, accompanied by a large-scale flash fire; after flame acceleration, a vapor cloud explosion is likely; no fire alarm was triggered, accompanied by a large-scale flash fire; after flame acceleration, a vapor cloud explosion is likely, etc. Based on these accident characteristic parameters and actual parameters, the development stage of the accident can be quickly compared.

[0097] Step 4: Based on the first data information and the pre-established simulation database, predict the consequences of the accident, wherein the consequences include: the range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence;

[0098] In this embodiment of the disclosure, predicting the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database includes:

[0099] The consequences information corresponding to the first data information is searched in the pre-established simulation database, and the consequences information corresponding to the first data information is used as the consequences information corresponding to the accident.

[0100] The simulation database is obtained by simulating the fuel cell power generation device based on the first data information in each historical period and the corresponding consequence information of the first data information in each historical period.

[0101] It should be noted that after locating the stage of the accident, if the accident has not been fully controlled and has not yet developed to the final stage, namely the activation stage of the fire protection system, the most similar data in the simulation database stored in the early stage through simulation is retrieved through the first data information. The location of the hydrogen leak, the size of the leak outlet, etc. are deduced in reverse. After locating the initial conditions of the accident, the consequences of a fire or explosion are inferred using the already embedded simulation data, and the range of influence of thermal radiation and overpressure is obtained.

[0102] Step 5: Generate a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and carry out accident control based on the control scheme.

[0103] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the control scheme includes:

[0104] Whether personnel operation is required, the personnel approach range, the fire extinguishing area, and the valve closing range;

[0105] It should be noted that emergency response plans should be quickly proposed based on the range of thermal radiation and the range of overpressure, including whether personnel should operate, the personnel approach range, how to extinguish the fire, whether the faulty module needs to be shut down, and the shutdown action range.

[0106] The range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence are determined by the criteria for human injury caused by overheating and overpressure after a fire / explosion. Generally, if the overpressure shock wave exceeds 0.02 MPa, there is a possibility of minor injury to personnel and a tendency for the building to begin to collapse. Based on this overpressure value, the range that rescue personnel can approach is delineated. The same applies to overheating.

[0107] For example, if a hydrogen leak has been detected and the hydrogen supply has been automatically cut off, but the hydrogen concentration exceeds 4%, personnel should not approach and the equipment should be stopped remotely. If the hydrogen supply has been automatically cut off and the hydrogen concentration at each sensor does not exceed 4%, personnel should wear anti-static shoes and clothing, remove static electricity from their bodies, use a handheld hydrogen concentration sensor, close the manual valve, and check for the leak. If a hydrogen leak has been detected but the hydrogen supply cannot be automatically cut off, the main inlet valve for the plant area should be closed, and personnel in the surrounding area should be evacuated according to the predicted range. If the hydrogen supply has been automatically cut off and a fire has occurred, and the equipment's fire suppression system has extinguished the fire, firefighters should wear protective equipment and approach the area according to the predicted range for inspection. If the hydrogen supply has been automatically cut off and a fire has occurred, causing the equipment's accessories to ignite, firefighters should approach the area according to the predicted range to extinguish the fire, etc.

[0108] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0109] The first data information, the first control command, the stage of the accident, the consequence information, and the control scheme are displayed.

[0110] This embodiment can improve the operational safety of stationary fuel cell power generation systems, minimizing the occurrence of hydrogen accidents and reducing casualties and property damage should they occur. Simultaneously, it enhances equipment reliability and operational efficiency, reduces equipment maintenance and downtime, and lowers product operating costs. This helps companies avoid risks such as fines and production stoppages associated with accidents, promoting the healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry.

[0111] In summary, the method for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells proposed in this embodiment can predict and control accidents in a timely and accurate manner, ensuring the safe operation of fuel cell power generation systems.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a predictive and control system for hydrogen accidents in a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the system includes:

[0114] The acquisition module 100 is used to acquire first data information in the fuel cell power generation device using sensors, and compare the first data information with a preset first data information threshold to determine whether there is a deviation. If so, it is determined that the fuel cell power generation device has experienced a hydrogen accident and enters the generation module.

[0115] It should be noted that the first data information includes:

[0116] Hydrogen concentration, hydrogen pipeline pressure, flame information, smoke concentration;

[0117] The preset first data information threshold includes:

[0118] Hydrogen concentration safety threshold, hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, flame information threshold, smoke concentration safety threshold;

[0119] The threshold for flame information is zero.

[0120] The generation module 200 is used to generate a first control command based on the deviation, and then perform an action based on the first control command;

[0121] It should be noted that the first control command includes:

[0122] Activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the pipeline pressure sensor's audible and visual alarm, activate the flame detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, shut off the intake valve, activate the safety relief system, shut down the system, and activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0123] The judgment module 300 is used to determine the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method, and then determine whether the stage of the accident is the fire protection system activation stage. If not, it enters the prediction module.

[0124] The prediction module 400 is used to predict the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database, wherein the consequences include: the range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence.

[0125] The control module 500 is used to generate a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and to perform accident control based on the control scheme.

[0126] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the generation module 200 is further configured to:

[0127] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the hydrogen concentration detector.

[0128] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the emergency exhaust fan.

[0129] When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, and cut off the intake valve.

[0130] When the pressure in the hydrogen pipeline exceeds the preset hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, control commands are generated to activate the pipeline pressure sensor audible and visual alarm, shut off the intake valve, and activate the safety relief system.

[0131] When the flame information exceeds a preset flame information threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the flame detector and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0132] When the smoke concentration exceeds a preset smoke concentration safety threshold, a control command is generated to activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

[0133] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the determination module 300 is further configured to:

[0134] Obtain a pre-defined hydrogen leak event graph;

[0135] Based on the first control command, the event tree method is used to find the stage of the accident in the preset hydrogen leak event diagram;

[0136] The preset hydrogen leakage event diagram includes:

[0137] The development path of a hydrogen leak incident and the corresponding consequences of each path.

[0138] The stages in which the accident occurs include:

[0139] The stages are as follows: immediate ignition stage, hydrogen concentration detector alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, pipeline pressure sensor alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, delayed ignition stage, flame detector alarm stage, flame acceleration stage, smoke detector alarm stage, and fire protection system activation stage.

[0140] The consequences of the accident include:

[0141] Extinguished jet fire accident, serious jet fire accident, explosion and no secondary accident, explosion and possible secondary accident, no accident, extinguished flash fire accident, flash fire accident and possible secondary accident, safety hazard.

[0142] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the prediction module 400 is further configured to:

[0143] The consequences information corresponding to the first data information is searched in the pre-established simulation database, and the consequences information corresponding to the first data information is used as the consequences information corresponding to the accident.

[0144] The simulation database is obtained by simulating the fuel cell power generation device based on the first data information in each historical period and the corresponding consequence information of the first data information in each historical period.

[0145] The control scheme includes:

[0146] Whether personnel operation is required, the personnel's proximity range, the fire extinguishing area, and the valve closing range.

[0147] In the embodiments disclosed herein, such as Figure 4 As shown, the system also includes:

[0148] The display module 600 is used to display the first data information, the first control command, the stage of the accident, the consequence information, and the control scheme.

[0149] In summary, the prediction and control system for hydrogen accidents in fuel cells proposed in this embodiment can predict and control accidents in a timely and accurate manner, ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0150] Example 3

[0151] To implement the above embodiments, this disclosure also proposes an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, it implements the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0152] Example 4

[0153] To implement the above embodiments, this disclosure also proposes a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0154] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0155] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0156] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for predicting and controlling hydrogen accidents in fuel cells, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Use sensors to collect first data information from the fuel cell power generation device, and compare the first data information with a preset first data information threshold to determine if there is a deviation. If so, determine that the fuel cell power generation device has experienced a hydrogen accident and proceed to Step 2. Step 2: Generate a first control command based on the deviation, and then perform an action based on the first control command; Step 3: Based on the first control command and using the event tree method to determine the stage of the accident, then determine whether the stage of the accident is the fire protection system activation stage. If not, proceed to step 4. Step 4: Based on the first data information and the pre-established simulation database, predict the consequences of the accident, wherein the consequences include: the range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence; Step 5: Generate a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and carry out accident control based on the control scheme; The step of determining the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method includes: Obtain a pre-defined hydrogen leak event graph; Based on the first control command, the event tree method is used to find the stage of the accident in the preset hydrogen leak event diagram; The preset hydrogen leakage event diagram includes: The development path of a hydrogen leak incident and the corresponding consequences of each path; The stages in which the accident occurs include: The stages are as follows: immediate ignition stage, hydrogen concentration detector alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, pipeline pressure sensor alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, delayed ignition stage, flame detector alarm stage, flame acceleration stage, smoke detector alarm stage, and fire protection system activation stage. The consequences of the accident include: Extinguished jet fire accidents, serious jet fire accidents, explosions and no secondary accidents, explosions and possible secondary accidents, no accidents, extinguished flash fire accidents, flash fire accidents and possible secondary accidents, and safety hazards. The step of predicting the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database includes: The consequences information corresponding to the first data information is searched in the pre-established simulation database, and the consequences information corresponding to the first data information is used as the consequences information corresponding to the accident. The simulation database is obtained by simulating the fuel cell power generation device based on the first data information in each historical period and the corresponding consequence information of the first data information in each historical period.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first data information includes: Hydrogen concentration, hydrogen pipeline pressure, flame information, smoke concentration; The preset first data information threshold includes: Hydrogen concentration safety threshold, hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, flame information threshold, smoke concentration safety threshold; The threshold value for flame information is zero. The first control command includes: Activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the pipeline pressure sensor's audible and visual alarm, activate the flame detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, shut off the intake valve, activate the safety relief system, shut down the system, and activate the fire extinguishing system.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The generation of the first control command based on the deviation includes: When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the hydrogen concentration detector. When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the emergency exhaust fan. When the difference between the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen concentration safety threshold is greater than the third threshold, a control command is generated to activate the hydrogen concentration detector's audible and visual alarm, activate the emergency exhaust fan, and cut off the intake valve. When the pressure in the hydrogen pipeline exceeds the preset hydrogen pipeline pressure safety threshold, control commands are generated to activate the pipeline pressure sensor audible and visual alarm, shut off the intake valve, and activate the safety relief system. When the flame information exceeds a preset flame information threshold, a control command is generated to activate the audible and visual alarm of the flame detector and to activate the fire extinguishing system. When the smoke concentration exceeds a preset smoke concentration safety threshold, a control command is generated to activate the smoke detector's audible and visual alarm and to activate the fire extinguishing system.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The control scheme includes: Whether personnel operation is required, the personnel approach range, the fire extinguishing area, and the valve closing range; The method further includes: The first data information, the first control command, the stage of the accident, the consequence information, and the control scheme are displayed.

5. A prediction and control system for hydrogen accidents in fuel cells, based on the prediction and control method for hydrogen accidents in fuel cells according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire first data information from the fuel cell power generation device using sensors, and compare the first data information with a preset first data information threshold to determine whether there is a deviation. If so, it is determined that the fuel cell power generation device has experienced a hydrogen accident and enters the generation module. The generation module is used to generate a first control command based on the deviation, and then perform an action based on the first control command; The judgment module is used to determine the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method, and then determine whether the stage of the accident is the fire protection system activation stage. If not, it enters the prediction module. The prediction module is used to predict the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database, wherein the consequences include: the range of thermal radiation influence and the range of overpressure influence. A control module is used to generate a control scheme based on the thermal radiation influence range and the overpressure influence range, and to perform accident control based on the control scheme; The step of determining the stage of the accident based on the first control command and using the event tree method includes: Obtain a pre-defined hydrogen leak event graph; Based on the first control command, the event tree method is used to find the stage of the accident in the preset hydrogen leak event diagram; The preset hydrogen leakage event diagram includes: The development path of a hydrogen leak incident and the corresponding consequences of each path; The stages in which the accident occurs include: The stages are as follows: immediate ignition stage, hydrogen concentration detector alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, pipeline pressure sensor alarm and linked shut-off of intake valve stage, delayed ignition stage, flame detector alarm stage, flame acceleration stage, smoke detector alarm stage, and fire protection system activation stage. The consequences of the accident include: Extinguished jet fire accidents, serious jet fire accidents, explosions and no secondary accidents, explosions and possible secondary accidents, no accidents, extinguished flash fire accidents, flash fire accidents and possible secondary accidents, and safety hazards. The step of predicting the consequences of the accident based on the first data information and a pre-established simulation database includes: The consequences information corresponding to the first data information is searched in the pre-established simulation database, and the consequences information corresponding to the first data information is used as the consequences information corresponding to the accident. The simulation database is obtained by simulating the fuel cell power generation device based on the first data information in each historical period and the corresponding consequence information of the first data information in each historical period.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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