Four-terminal laminated solar cell module

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-terminal laminated solar cell module, and relates to the technical field of cells, the four-terminal laminated solar cell module comprises a cell piece, EVA (or POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) and other adhesive film) gaskets are adhered to the upper end and the lower end of the cell piece, a lens light expanding device is arranged on the outer side of each EVA (or POE and other adhesive film) gasket, and the outer layer of each lens light expanding device is adhered to a perovskite cell box through the corresponding EVA (or POE and other adhesive film) gasket. A perovskite cell cavity is arranged in each perovskite cell box, the outer side of the upper perovskite cell box is attached to the upper shell through an EVA (or POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) and other adhesive film) gasket, the outer side of the lower perovskite cell box is attached to the lower shell through an EVA (or POE and other adhesive film) gasket, the lower shell is clamped with the upper shell, the upper shell is provided with a nitrogen filling hole, the side wall of the lower shell is provided with an adjusting assembly, and the adjusting assembly is connected with the upper shell through a connecting rod. The adjusting assembly is connected with a sealing assembly; a traditional laminated battery assembly has the limitation of absorbing high-energy short-wave-band spectrums and low-energy long-wave-band spectrums, by introducing the four-terminal design, spectrums of different wave bands can be more effectively absorbed and utilized, and especially under the condition of weak light, the output power of a battery piece is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a four-terminal laminated solar cell module. Background Art

[0002] The structures of existing four-terminal perovskite-silicon cell modules are mainly divided into two types: one is two discrete modules, and the other is that the top layer and the bottom layer are connected by a glue film or other means and integrated into one module. Whether it is a discrete or an integrated four-terminal module form, currently the top-layer cell adopts a wide bandgap, while the bottom-layer cell adopts a narrow bandgap structure form to realize the laminated cell. Generally speaking, the perovskite solar cell on the top layer generally has a wide bandgap of about 1.68 eV, and the bottom layer is a silicon cell with a bandgap of 1.12 eV or a similar narrow bandgap solar cell. The main principle of the laminated cell is to absorb different spectral bands through solar cells with different bandgaps, thereby reducing the thermal relaxation phenomenon of single-junction cells. The top-layer wide bandgap cell mainly absorbs the high-energy short-wave band light in the spectrum, while the bottom-layer narrow bandgap cell absorbs the relatively low-energy long-wave band spectrum that is not absorbed by the top layer, thereby achieving the maximum utilization of the spectrum; Regardless of whether it is a discrete or an integrated laminated cell module in the prior art, its principle is to adopt a wide bandgap on the top layer and a narrow bandgap on the bottom layer. The disadvantage of this technology is that the top layer can only absorb the high-energy short-wave band spectrum, and the bottom layer absorbs the low-energy long-wave band spectrum. The spectral utilization range of the bottom-layer cell is limited. In view of this, the present invention proposes a four-terminal laminated solar cell module to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a four-terminal laminated solar cell module to solve the problem that the top layer can only absorb the high-energy short-wave band spectrum, the bottom layer absorbs the low-energy long-wave band spectrum, and the spectral utilization range of the bottom-layer cell is limited as proposed in the above background art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A four-terminal laminated solar cell module, including a cell, EVA (or POE and other glue films) gaskets are adhesively attached to both the upper and lower ends of the cell, a lens light-expanding device is arranged outside the EVA (or POE and other glue films) gaskets, the outer layer of the lens light-expanding device is adhesively attached to a perovskite battery box through an EVA (or POE and other glue films) gasket, a perovskite battery cavity is arranged inside the perovskite battery box, the outside of the upper perovskite battery box is attached to an upper housing through an EVA (or POE and other glue films) gasket, the outside of the lower perovskite battery box is attached to a lower housing through an EVA (or POE and other glue films) gasket, the lower housing is engaged with the upper housing, a nitrogen filling hole is arranged on the upper housing, an adjusting component is arranged on the side wall of the lower housing, and a sealing component is connected to the adjusting component; The cell in the perovskite battery cavity is used to absorb the high-energy short-wave band spectrum; The cell is used to absorb low-energy long-wavelength spectra; The lens light-expanding device is arranged between the cell and the perovskite battery box.

[0005] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the lens light-expanding device includes spaced-apart light-expanding sub-concave lenses and a lens substrate, and the positions of the light-expanding sub-concave lenses correspond to the spacer groove areas of the perovskite battery cavities in the perovskite battery box.

[0006] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the size and spacing of the light-expanding sub-concave lenses can be adjusted according to the low-light response characteristics of the cell, and the cell is a high low-light cell.

[0007] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the lens light-expanding device adjusts the position of the lens substrate so that the illumination amplitude received by the cell is the nitrogen filling hole multiple of the gap area of the perovskite battery box.

[0008] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the material of the lens light-expanding device is a glass material with high light transmittance and low refractive index, and the optical design of the lens light-expanding device can reduce the reflection and refraction losses when light passes through the interfaces of different media.

[0009] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the adjusting assembly includes two groups of mounting plates fixed on the side wall of the lower housing, a connecting rod rotatably connected between the two groups of mounting plates, an external thread opened on the outer wall of the connecting rod, a turning cap arranged on the outer wall of the connecting rod, a nut block threadedly connected on the outer wall of the external thread, and a connecting plate connected to the upper end of the nut block.

[0010] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the inner end of the nut block is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lower housing, and a sealing assembly is arranged at the upper end of the connecting plate.

[0011] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the turning cap is arranged at the middle position of the connecting rod, and the outer wall of the turning cap is provided with anti-slip lines.

[0012] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the sealing assembly includes an auxiliary plate fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the connecting plate, a threaded groove opened in the auxiliary plate, a threaded rod threadedly connected in the threaded groove, a turning rod fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the threaded rod, and a sealing pad arranged at the bottom end of the threaded rod.

[0013] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the sealing pad is arranged directly above the nitrogen filling hole, the nitrogen filling holes are arranged at the four corner positions of the upper housing, and four groups of the sealing assemblies are correspondingly arranged.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Traditional stacked battery components have limitations in that the top layer and the bottom layer respectively absorb high-energy short-waveband spectra and low-energy long-waveband spectra, resulting in a limited spectral utilization range for the bottom-layer battery. By introducing a four-terminal design, the present invention can more effectively absorb and utilize spectra of different wavebands. Especially under low-light conditions, the output power of the battery cells has been significantly improved. The lens light-expanding device can expand the illumination width, enhancing the spectral utilization efficiency and thus improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0015] 2. The present invention uses a high low-light performance battery, which can still maintain a high conversion efficiency (22%) under the condition of 0.1 sun illumination amplitude (100 W / m²). Under low-light conditions, the lens light-expanding device 3 broadens the illumination width of the battery, further enhancing the low-light response ability of the battery. This enables the battery component to operate efficiently even in environments with poor illumination such as weak sunlight or cloudy days.

[0016] 3. The design of the present invention places the lens light-expanding device between the battery cell and the perovskite battery box and adjusts the size and spacing of the lenses according to the low-light response characteristics of the battery cell, enabling the entire component to more efficiently utilize the light energy of each spectral band. This design is not only applicable to stacked solar cell components but can also be extended to other types of photovoltaic cells, showing strong adaptability.

[0017] 4. The component structure of the present invention can effectively exclude oxygen in the perovskite battery box by using nitrogen filling holes and a sealing component, preventing oxidation and corrosion and extending the service life of the equipment. As an inert gas, nitrogen can enhance the sealing performance while ensuring the stability of the internal air pressure of the box, preventing the penetration of external air or moisture.

[0018] 5. The design of the adjustment component can conveniently adjust and control the injection and sealing of nitrogen through the cooperation of the rotary cap and the sealing component, ensuring the stability of the gas and the safety of the internal environment. This design makes the operation of the device more convenient and enables more efficient sealing and gas adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is an exploded three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a sealed three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is a sealed front-view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram at the adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram at the sealing component of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. cell; 2. EVA (or POE etc. film) gasket; 3. lens light-expanding device; 4. perovskite battery box; 5. perovskite battery cavity; 6. upper housing; 7. lower housing; 8. adjustment assembly; 81. mounting plate; 82. connecting rod; 83. external thread; 84. rotating cap; 85. nut block; 86. connecting plate; 9. sealing assembly; 91. auxiliary plate; 92. threaded groove; 93. threaded rod; 94. rotating rod; 95. gasket; 10. nitrogen filling hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment: As Figures 1-5 shown, this embodiment provides a four-terminal laminated solar cell module, including a cell 1. EVA (or POE etc. film) gaskets 2 are adhesively bonded to both the upper and lower ends of the cell 1. A lens light-expanding device 3 is arranged outside the EVA (or POE etc. film) gasket 2. The outer layer of the lens light-expanding device 3 is adhesively bonded to the perovskite battery box 4 through the EVA (or POE etc. film) gasket 2. A perovskite battery cavity 5 is arranged inside the perovskite battery box 4. The outside of the upper perovskite battery box 4 is attached to the upper housing 6 through the EVA (or POE etc. film) gasket 2. The outside of the lower perovskite battery box 4 is attached to the lower housing 7 through the EVA (or POE etc. film) gasket 2. The lower housing 7 is engaged with the upper housing 6. A nitrogen filling hole 10 is arranged on the upper housing 6. An adjustment assembly 8 is arranged on the side wall of the lower housing 7. A sealing assembly 9 is connected to the adjustment assembly 8. The battery in the perovskite battery cavity 5 is used to absorb high-energy short-wave spectra, and the cell 1 is used to absorb low-energy long-wave spectra. The lens light-expanding device 3 is arranged between the cell 1 and the perovskite battery box 4; The lens light-expanding device 3 includes spaced-apart light-expanding sub-lenses and a lens substrate. The positions of the light-expanding sub-lenses are set corresponding to the spaced groove regions of the trough-type perovskite cell 1. The size and spacing of the light-expanding sub-lenses can be adjusted according to the low-light response characteristics of the cell 1. The cell 1 is a high-low-light cell, with a conversion efficiency of 22% under a 0.1 sun illumination amplitude condition, which is higher than 19.5% under a 1 sun illumination amplitude condition, and the conversion efficiency under a less-than-1 sun illumination amplitude condition is higher than that under a 1 sun illumination amplitude condition. For example, 1 sun illumination amplitude is 1000 W / m². When the actual illumination area after widening the illumination width by the lens light-expanding device 3 is 10 times the gap area, the illumination amplitude of the cell 1 is 100 W / m², that is, 0.1 sun illumination amplitude; The lens light-expanding device 3 adjusts the position of the lens substrate so that the illumination amplitude received by the cell 1 is 10 times the gap area of the trough-type perovskite cell 1. The material of the lens light-expanding device 3 is a glass material with high light transmittance and low refractive index. The optical design of the lens light-expanding device 3 can reduce the reflection and refraction losses when light passes through the interfaces of different media. The combination of the cell 1, the perovskite cell box 4, and the lens light-expanding device 3 is suitable for a multi-layer stacked cell structure, and the design of the lens light-expanding device 3 can be extended to other types of photovoltaic cells. The experimental results show that through the lens light-expanding device 3, the spectral utilization rate of the cell 1 is significantly improved, and the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased by at least 10% compared with traditional stacked cells. Under low-light conditions, the output power of the cell 1 is significantly increased, and it is suitable for various illumination environments.

[0023] As Figure 4 shown, the adjusting assembly 8 includes two groups of mounting plates 81 fixed on the side wall of the lower housing 7, a connecting rod 82 rotatably connected between the two groups of mounting plates 81, an external thread 83 opened on the outer wall of the connecting rod 82, a rotating cap 84 arranged on the outer wall of the connecting rod 82, a nut block 85 threadedly connected to the outer wall of the external thread 83, and a connecting plate 86 connected to the upper end of the nut block 85. The inner end of the nut block 85 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lower housing 7. A sealing assembly 9 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting plate 86. The sealing assembly 9 includes an auxiliary plate 91 fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the connecting plate 86, a threaded groove 92 opened in the auxiliary plate 91, a threaded rod 93 threadedly connected in the threaded groove 92, a rotating rod 94 fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the threaded rod 93, and a sealing pad 95 arranged at the bottom end of the threaded rod 93.

[0024] To ensure the firm engagement between the upper housing 6 and the lower housing 7, nitrogen is usually introduced through the nitrogen filling hole 10. Nitrogen is an inert gas that can effectively remove the oxygen inside the box, reduce the oxidation and corrosion of sensitive items by oxygen, and extend the service life. The injection of nitrogen can help maintain the stable air pressure inside the box, prevent the penetration of external air or moisture, and enhance the sealing effect. However, to prevent the sealing at the entrance of the nitrogen filling hole 10, when injecting nitrogen into the nitrogen filling hole 10, turn the rotating cap 84 to drive the connecting rod 82 to rotate. The rotation of the connecting rod 82 drives the movement of the nut block 85 on the external thread 83. The nut block 85 drives the connecting plate 86 to move inward. The connecting plate 86 drives the connected sealing assembly 9 to move inward, causing the sealing gasket 95 in the sealing assembly 9 to move away from the nitrogen filling hole 10, without affecting the nitrogen injection into the nitrogen filling hole 10. After injecting nitrogen, turn the rotating cap 84 in the reverse direction, causing the connecting plate 86 to drive the sealing gasket 95 on the sealing assembly 9 to move above the nitrogen filling hole 10. At this time, turn the rotating rod 94 downward, causing the rotating rod 94 to drive the threaded rod 93 to rotate downward in the threaded groove 92. The threaded rod 93 drives the sealing gasket 95 to move above the nitrogen filling hole 10, blocking the nitrogen filling hole 10 to form a seal.

[0025] It should be noted that the rotating cap 84 is set at the middle position of the connecting rod 82. Setting the rotating cap 84 at the middle position of the connecting rod 82 makes the rotation more balanced and stable. The rotating cap located at the central position can be more conveniently operated, and at the same time, it can prevent deviation or uneven force distribution during the operation. The outer wall of the rotating cap 84 is provided with anti-slip patterns; the sealing gasket 95 is set directly above the nitrogen filling hole 10. The sealing gasket 95 is positioned directly opposite the nitrogen filling hole 10, which can effectively ensure the integrity of the seal during the nitrogen filling process and prevent nitrogen leakage after gas injection. Placing the sealing gasket directly above helps to ensure that it can accurately cover the entrance of the nitrogen filling hole. The nitrogen filling holes 10 are set at the four corner positions of the upper housing 6, and there are four groups of corresponding sealing assemblies 9. Setting the nitrogen filling holes 10 at the four corner positions is to ensure the uniform distribution of gas, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the air pressure inside the box. This setting can avoid too high or too low local air pressure, which may affect the sealing effect or the operation of the battery assembly.

[0026] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module, characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery cell (1), wherein the upper and lower ends of the battery cell (1) are both glued with EVA (or POE or other adhesive film) gaskets (2), a lens light spreading device (3) is arranged on the outside of the EVA (or POE or other adhesive film) gasket (2), the outer layer of the lens light spreading device (3) is glued to a perovskite battery box (4) through the EVA (or POE or other adhesive film) gasket (2), a perovskite battery cavity (5) is arranged in the perovskite battery box (4), and the upper perovskite battery box (4) is provided with a ) is bonded to the upper shell (6) through an EVA (or POE or other adhesive film) gasket (2), the outer side of the perovskite battery box (4) below is bonded to the lower shell (7) through an EVA (or POE or other adhesive film) gasket (2), the lower shell (7) is engaged with the upper shell (6), a nitrogen filling hole (10) is provided on the upper shell (6), an adjustment component (8) is provided on the side wall of the lower shell (7), and a sealing component (9) is connected to the adjustment component (8); The battery in the perovskite battery cavity (5) is used to absorb high-energy short-wave spectrum; The cell (1) is used to absorb low-energy long-wave spectrum; The lens light expansion device (3) is arranged between the battery sheet (1) and the perovskite battery box (4).

2. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lens photonics device (3) comprises photonics concave lenses and a lens substrate that are distributed at intervals, and the positions of the photonics concave lenses correspond to the spacing groove areas of the perovskite battery cavity (5) in the perovskite battery box (4).

3. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The size and spacing of the Tuo Photon concave lenses can be adjusted according to the weak light response characteristics of the battery cell (1), and the battery cell (1) is a high weak light cell.

4. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lens light spreading device (3) adjusts the position of the lens substrate so that the amplitude of light received by the battery sheet (1) is 10 times the nitrogen filling hole (10) of the gap area of ​​the perovskite battery box (4).

5. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the lens light spreading device (3) is a glass material with high light transmittance and low refractive index, and the optical design of the lens light spreading device (3) can reduce the reflection and refraction losses of light when passing through interfaces of different media.

6. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (8) comprises two groups of mounting plates (81) fixed on the side wall of the lower housing (7), a connecting rod (82) rotatably connected between the two groups of mounting plates (81), an external thread (83) provided on the outer wall of the connecting rod (82), a rotating cap (84) provided on the outer wall of the connecting rod (82), a nut block (85) threadedly connected to the outer wall of the external thread (83), and a connecting plate (86) connected to the upper end of the nut block (85).

7. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner end of the nut block (85) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lower shell (7), and a sealing assembly (9) is provided at the upper end of the connecting plate (86).

8. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating cap (84) is arranged at a middle position of the connecting rod (82), and an outer wall of the rotating cap (84) is provided with anti-slip patterns.

9. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing assembly (9) comprises an auxiliary plate (91) fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the connecting plate (86), a threaded groove (92) provided in the auxiliary plate (91), a threaded rod (93) threadedly connected in the threaded groove (92), a rotating rod (94) fixed on the outer wall of the top end of the threaded rod (93), and a sealing pad (95) provided on the bottom end of the threaded rod (93).

10. A four-terminal laminated solar cell module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sealing gasket (95) is arranged directly above the nitrogen filling hole (10), the nitrogen filling hole (10) is arranged at four corner positions of the upper shell (6), and four groups of the sealing components (9) are correspondingly arranged.

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