Sustainable ganoderma lucidum cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sustainable ganoderma lucidum cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selection of a cultivation medium; (2) selecting high-quality ganoderma lucidum strains; (3) preparing a ganoderma lucidum fungus bag; (4) building a ganoderma lucidum growing shed; (5) treatment of maturely developed fungus bags; (6) management and pest control in a ganoderma lucidum growing process; (7) collecting spore powder; (8) storing and discharging water into the pool in the spore powder collection process; and (9) harvesting ganoderma lucidum sporocarp and spore powder. The sustainable ganoderma lucidum cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that: 1) the river sand hardly contains nutrient substances and hardly contains microorganisms, so that a continuous cropping obstacle effect is not generated; 2) regularly storing and discharging water into a pool and humidifying a fungus bag in a conidial powder collection period to promote the conversion of nutrient substances in a substrate, thereby not only solving the problem that the yield is reduced due to insufficient water content in the culture substrate in the later growth period of the ganoderma lucidum, but also reducing the occurrence rate of mould in the ganoderma lucidum conidial powder collection process to be within 5%; and (3) the ganoderma lucidum growing shed with an insect prevention function solves the problem of serious insect damage in field cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of edible and medicinal fungi cultivation, and relates to a sustainable ganoderma cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Lingzhi has a history of thousands of years of consumption and is highly favored by Chinese people. Modern research has shown that Lingzhi has multiple functions such as inhibiting tumors, regulating immunity, protecting the liver, calming the nerves, and reducing "three highs". As the National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation have included Lingzhi in the list of substances that are traditionally both food and Chinese medicinal materials, the market demand for Lingzhi will be further released in the future.

[0003] With the increase in market demand, the scale of Ganoderma cultivation has also expanded. At present, Ganoderma cultivation is basically carried out in the field, and most of them are cultivated in soil covered with fungus bags. There are two forms of soil covered cultivation: bag-free and semi-bag-free. Therefore, the fungus bags will be in full contact with the soil during soil covered cultivation. Sugars, terpenes, organic acids and other substances secreted by the mycelium of the fungus bags will affect the structure and abundance of microbial populations in the soil. Studies have shown that the abundance of basidiomycetes in the soil where Ganoderma has been cultivated has decreased sharply, while the Ascomycetes including Mortierella, Cryptococcus, Batrachoderma, Penicillium and the Zygomycetes including Trichoderma have increased significantly. The change in the structure of microbial populations in the soil caused by the cultivation of Ganoderma is an important reason for the continuous cropping obstacle effect of Ganoderma, making this plot unsuitable for the cultivation of Ganoderma in the short term. Ganoderma growers have to work hard to find new plots to cultivate Ganoderma almost every year. This has resulted in extremely low utilization efficiency of land and cultivation facilities such as greenhouses built on it, which has correspondingly increased production costs. If you continue to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum on the original land, the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum will drop significantly until there is no harvest.

[0004] As we all know, the growth and development of edible and medicinal fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum rely on their own secretion of substances such as wood cellulose to obtain nutrients, and they do not really need any nutrients from the soil. The soil provides the water needed for the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum. The soil has a strong water holding capacity. If the amount of water is not properly controlled during the water supply to the soil, the moisture content will be too high, which will seriously affect the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum. During the collection of spore powder, the fruiting body will be infected by mold and other bacteria, thereby affecting the quality and yield of the spore powder. It is also known that the interaction between the organic matter secreted by the mycelium during the growth of Ganoderma lucidum and the microorganisms in the soil is the main cause of continuous cropping obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sustainable method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum to solve the continuous cropping obstacle effect currently faced in Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a sustainable Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a cultivation substrate; (2) selecting high-quality Ganoderma lucidum strains; (3) preparing Ganoderma lucidum spawns; (4) constructing a shed for growing Ganoderma lucidum; (5) treating mature spawns; (6) managing and controlling pests and diseases during the growing process; (7) collecting spore powder; (8) storing and releasing water in a pool during the spore powder collection process; and (9) harvesting Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and spore powder. The preferred steps are as follows:

[0006] (4) Construction of the shed:

[0007] The basic framework of the greenhouse is the same as that of the facility greenhouse, but the differences are: 1) The surrounding area of ​​the greenhouse is covered with insect-proof nets instead of film from 100 cm above the ground to the ground; 2) Troughs are laid around the greenhouse near the insect-proof nets, and salt is added in them; the doors in front and behind the greenhouse are also made of insect-proof nets; 3) The outer layer is covered with sunshade nets to the ground;

[0008] The ground inside the shed is leveled, a pool about 15cm deep is dug, and waterproof materials are laid on it to facilitate water storage; grooves are built in the pool for smooth drainage; in addition, a water cooling system is installed on the top of the shed. When the temperature is high, the temperature inside the shed can be lowered to below 35℃ by spraying well water;

[0009] (5) Treatment of mature bacterial bags

[0010] During the period of time suitable for the emergence of Ganoderma lucidum, the bottom of the mature mushroom bag is cut open and placed in a flower pot with river sand at the bottom. The bottom of the flower pot has a hole, and then river sand is continued to be filled until it is slightly lower than the top of the mushroom bag or flush with the top. The flower pot with the mushroom bag is placed in a pool with a horizontal bottom, and the bag is opened after 5-8 days.

[0011] (6) Management and pest control during the harvesting process

[0012] When the mushroom bag produces primordia, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed is maintained at 75%-78%; when the stipe grows to 8-10cm, adjust the ventilation, the top of the stipe differentiates, forms a cap and begins to grow outward, and then adjust the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed and maintain it at 82%-85%;

[0013] (7) Spore powder collection

[0014] When the cap of Ganoderma lucidum matures and starts to spray spore powder 8-10 days later, adjust the air humidity in the shed to 70%-75% to collect spore powder;

[0015] (8) Storing and releasing water into the pool during spore collection

[0016] When the spore powder collection time reaches 13-16 days, add water to the pond until the water surface just touches the bottom of the mushroom bag in the flowerpot, and store water for 1 day, then drain the water in the pond; thereafter, according to the above, store and release water once every 15-18 days until the Ganoderma lucidum and spore powder are harvested.

[0017] The sustainable cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum of the present invention has the following advantages: 1) river sand contains almost no nutrients, and there are almost no microorganisms in it, so there is no continuous cropping obstacle effect; 2) by regularly storing and releasing water in the pool during the spore powder collection period, the fungus bag is humidified to promote the transformation of nutrients in the matrix, which not only solves the problem of reduced yield due to insufficient water content in the cultivation matrix in the late growth period of ganoderma lucidum, but also reduces the incidence of mold in the process of collecting ganoderma lucidum spore powder to less than 5%; 3) the ganoderma shed with insect-proof function solves the problem of serious insect pest damage in field cultivation. In this method, river sand replaces the loam in the field, which not only can accurately control the water content of the fungus bag, but also eliminates the continuous cropping obstacle effect, and can be cultivated in the same shed for many years, avoiding the problem of changing the land every year for field cultivation.

[0018] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The sustainable cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum of the present invention solves the problem of serious insect pest damage in field cultivation by building a ganoderma lucidum shed with insect-proof function; by replacing the loam in the field with river sand, not only the water content of the fungus bag can be accurately controlled, but also the continuous cropping obstacle effect is eliminated, and the cultivation can be carried out in the same shed for many consecutive years, solving the problem of annual land replacement in field cultivation. The utilization rate of the land and the cultivation facilities built on it is greatly improved, the cost is significantly reduced, and the income of the cultivators is increased. The cultivation practice in the same ganoderma lucidum shed for six consecutive years shows that the yield of ganoderma lucidum and spore powder has not changed significantly, and the quality of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder after harvest is better than that of field cultivation. The method is simple to operate and can be promoted and applied on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Example 1: Photos of the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation greenhouse Specific embodiments

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0022] The "Shanghai Agricultural Lingzhi No. 1" used in the following examples comes from the Edible Fungi Collection Center of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, other materials or reagents are commercially available products.

[0024] Example 1 (Ganoderma lucidum cultivation was carried out for six consecutive years on the same plot of land from December 2017 to October 2023)

[0025] Ganoderma lucidum variety: "Shanghai Nong Lingzhi No. 1", which is the current main cultivated variety;

[0026] Cultivation location: Xueyan Chengxian edible fungus cultivation farm, Wujin District.

[0027] 1. Selection of cultivation medium

[0028] The cultivation medium of Ganoderma lucidum is wood segments (Quercus glauca), which are cut into small segments (20 cm).

[0029] Testing of wood pieces and water used in cultivation for pesticide residues and heavy metals:

[0030] First, the wood is extracted in a boiling water bath for 1-2 hours, the water is evaporated by heating, and then freeze-dried and sent to a qualified testing agency (SGS Group) to test the common types of pesticide residues and heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium; the water is also tested for pesticide residues and heavy metals. Only when the test results meet national or industry standards can they be put into use.

[0031] 2. Selection of high-quality strains

[0032] Inoculate the "Shanghai Agricultural Lingzhi No. 1" strain onto a PDA plate and culture it, observe the colony morphology, and select strains with round colonies, thick mycelium and close to the plate as mother strains for subsequent strain production. Select strains with white, thick and dense mycelium, neat growth ends, and no infection by other bacteria for subsequent Lingzhi strain bag production.

[0033] 3. Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom bag

[0034] (1) Bagging and sterilization

[0035] Cut fresh oak wood into 20cm pieces and put them into 18cm*35cm polypropylene bags. Tie the bag opening tightly enough to ensure that hot steam can flow in and out normally and the wood pieces can be thoroughly sterilized.

[0036] Place the bagged wood pieces in a sterilization facility, then introduce steam into the sterilization facility to ensure that the internal temperature quickly rises to 98°C and remains warm for 36 hours.

[0037] (2) Inoculation and culture

[0038] After sterilization, wait until the temperature in the sterilization facility drops to about 50°C, and move the wood blocks to the disinfected inoculation room (shed or box). Put on latex gloves and disinfect the surface with 75% alcohol. Open the bag, cover the cross section with the fungus, and tie the bag. Stack in a wall-like manner and culture in the dark. During the culture period of the fungus bag, ventilate once every 3-5 days to ensure the oxygen demand for the growth of the Ganoderma lucidum fungus bag, and adjust the upper and lower layer positions of the fungus bag to ensure that the growth rate is relatively consistent. In the middle and late stages of the culture, place a basin filled with water in the culture room (shed) to ensure the humidity requirements for the growth of the fungus bag.

[0039] 4. Construction of the shed:

[0040] The basic framework of the growing shed is the same as that of the ordinary greenhouse, except that: 1) the shed is covered with insect-proof nets instead of films from 100 cm above the ground; 2) Troughs are laid around the shed near the insect-proof nets, and salt is added to prevent snails, slugs and other reptiles from entering the shed to harm the Ganoderma. The doors in front and behind the shed are made of insect-proof nets to increase ventilation for the later growth and development of Ganoderma; 3) Two layers of sunshade nets are laid on the outer layer to the ground to provide suitable light for the growth and development of Ganoderma. The ground in the growing shed should be flat, and three roads about 50 cm wide should be built on both sides and in the middle of the shed to facilitate the operation of Ganoderma cultivation and management. In other areas, a pool about 15 cm deep is dug and covered with films or other water-proof materials for water storage; a slot for smooth drainage is built in the pool. In addition, a water cooling system is installed on the top of the shed. When the temperature is high, the shed can be cooled to below 35°C by spraying well water.

[0041] 5. Treatment of mature bacterial bags

[0042] In early May, the cultured mushroom bags were moved to the built mushroom shed. After 9 days, the bottom was cut open and placed in a flowerpot (30 cm high, 25 cm in diameter, with a hole at the bottom) with river sand (particle size 0.3-2 mm) at the bottom. Then, river sand was continued to be added until it was slightly lower than the top of the mushroom bag. The flowerpots with mushroom bags were placed in a pool with a horizontal bottom in a way that the row spacing and spacing were zero. After 7 days, the mouth of the mushroom bag was opened.

[0043] 6. Management and pest control during the harvesting process

[0044] (1) Primordial formation and fruiting body growth

[0045] When the mushroom bag produces primordia, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed is maintained at 75%-78%; when the stipe grows to 8-10cm, adjust the ventilation, and when the top of the stipe differentiates, forms a cap and begins to grow outward, adjust the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed and maintain it at 82%-85%.

[0046] (2) Pest and disease control

[0047] After the mushroom bags are placed, close the door to prevent flies from entering the shed. At the same time, hang the sticky insect board containing sex attractants and set up insect trapping lights. In the area of ​​the shed that is far away from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom bags, set up bean cakes with appropriate amounts of pesticides and water to trap pests that harm Ganoderma lucidum in the shed and deal with them. In addition, regularly check whether there are insects on the ground and mushroom bags in the venue. If there are, manually remove the insects.

[0048] 7. Ganoderma lucidum spore powder collection

[0049] When the Ganoderma lucidum cap matures and starts to spray spores 8 days later, the air humidity in the shed is adjusted to 70%-75%, and the spores are collected by conventional sleeve method.

[0050] 8. Storing and draining water into the pool during spore collection

[0051] When the spore powder collection time reaches about 15 days, add water to the pool until the water surface just touches the bottom of the fungus bag in the flower pot, and store water for 1 day. Then drain the water in the pool. After that, according to the above, store water and release water once every 15 days until the Ganoderma lucidum and spore powder are harvested.

[0052] 9. Harvesting of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and spore powder

[0053] When the spores are collected for 50 days, the fruiting bodies and spores are harvested.

[0054] 10. Ganoderma cultivation in the 2nd to 6th year

[0055] Follow steps 1 to 9. River sand can be reused after exposure to the sun.

[0056] Comparative example of embodiment 1:

[0057] The steps of 'selection of cultivation substrate, selection of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum strains, and preparation of Ganoderma lucidum spawn bags' in the comparative example are exactly the same as those in the embodiment, except that the later Ganoderma lucidum production management is carried out according to the conventional field cultivation mode (He Jianfen, Li Chaoqian, Zhang Liangming. Characteristics of Shanghai Agricultural Ganoderma lucidum No. 1 strain and key cultivation technology [J]. Edible Fungi, 2011, 33(05): 21-22). The Ganoderma lucidum production rate and yield of the two cultivation methods were compared.

[0058] The following is a comparison of the results of six consecutive years of cultivation trials at the same growing site. See Table 1 for details.

[0059] Table 1 Statistics of the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation experiment using two methods for 6 consecutive years

[0060]

[0061] *: Shiitake mushroom yield rate = number of mushroom bags with Shiitake mushrooms / total number of cultivated mushroom bags*100%;

[0062] ** : The weight of spore powder and fruiting body produced by each fungus bag, the unit is: g / bag of wood;

[0063] A, B, C, D, E: Indicates that the difference is extremely significant at the 1% level.

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, the sustainable cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum in Example 1 was used to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum. No significant changes were found in the yield rate or yield per unit area between different years, and the yield was basically maintained at a high and stable yield state. However, the conventional field cultivation method of the comparative example was used. Due to the continuous cropping obstacle effect, the yield rate and yield per unit area decreased year by year. Starting from the 5th year, Ganoderma lucidum was cultivated on the same land, and Ganoderma lucidum could no longer grow. It can be concluded that the cultivation of log mushroom bags using the sustainable cultivation method can eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle. Moreover, it was found in the practice of these six years that the sustainable cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum in the embodiment was used. During the collection of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, Ganoderma lucidum was almost not infected by fungi such as molds, while the conventional field cultivation method of the comparative example was used. During the collection of spore powder, Ganoderma lucidum was almost slightly or seriously infected by fungi, etc.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The Lingzhi variety used is "Shanghai Nong Lingzhi No. 1", which is the main cultivated variety currently produced; the implementation period is 2020.2-2023.9, 4 years. Implementation area: Anhui Jinzhai Lingzhi Base.

[0067] 1. Selection of cultivation substrate: mainly wood chips, bran, corn flour, etc.; in this case, the moisture content of the culture medium is controlled at 60%-65%, preferably 65%; wood chips 78%, bran 14%, corn flour 7%, gypsum powder 1%, the moisture content of the culture medium is controlled at 60%-65% when used; the pesticide and heavy metal content of the cultivation substrate must meet the relevant standards;

[0068] 2. Selection of high-quality strains

[0069] Inoculate the "Shanghai Agricultural Lingzhi No. 1" strain onto a PDA plate and culture it, observe the colony morphology, and select strains with round colonies, thick mycelium and close to the plate as mother strains for subsequent strain production. Select strains with white, thick and dense mycelium, neat growth ends, and no infection by other bacteria for subsequent Lingzhi strain bag production.

[0070] 3. Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom bag

[0071] (1) Bagging and sterilization

[0072] Weigh and mix the qualified cultivation materials according to the formula, and put them into polypropylene bags with a size of 17cm*35cm immediately until the water content reaches 65%. Each bag contains about 2.5 catties of wet materials, and the bag mouth is sealed with an edible fungus sealer. Sterilize at 118℃-121℃ for 3h, and the temperature is best controlled at 121℃;

[0073] (2) Inoculation and culture

[0074] After sterilization, wait for the temperature in the sterilization facility to drop below 35°C, move it to the inoculation room after ozone disinfection, put on gloves, and disinfect the surface with 75% alcohol or similar disinfectant. Inoculate it on the surface of the sawdust culture material at the mouth of the bag. The inoculated bag is moved to the culture room for light-proof cultivation; during the cultivation process, proper ventilation is carried out to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration in the room is controlled at about 1500ppm, the temperature is controlled at about 25°C, and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at about 65%; the mycelium is cultivated for about 38 days.

[0075] 4. Construction of greenhouse

[0076] The basic framework of the growing shed is the same as that of the ordinary greenhouse, except that: 1) the shed is covered with insect-proof nets instead of films from 100 cm above the ground; 2) Troughs are laid around the shed near the insect-proof nets, and salt is added to prevent snails, slugs and other reptiles from entering the shed to harm the Ganoderma. The doors in front and behind the shed are made of insect-proof nets to increase ventilation for the later growth and development of Ganoderma; 3) Two layers of sunshade nets are laid on the outer layer to the ground to provide suitable light for the growth and development of Ganoderma. The ground in the growing shed should be flat, and three roads about 50 cm wide should be built on both sides and in the middle of the shed to facilitate the operation of Ganoderma cultivation and management. In other areas, a pool about 15 cm deep is dug and covered with films or other water-proof materials for water storage; a slot for smooth drainage is built in the pool. In addition, a water cooling system is installed on the top of the shed. When the temperature is high, the shed can be cooled to below 35°C by spraying well water.

[0077] 5. Treatment of mature bacterial bags

[0078] In early May, the cultured mushroom bags were moved to the built mushroom shed. After 9 days, the bottom was cut open and placed in a flowerpot (30 cm high, 25 cm in diameter, with a hole at the bottom) with river sand (particle size 0.3-2 mm) at the bottom. Then, river sand was continued to be added until it was slightly lower than the top of the mushroom bag. The flowerpots with mushroom bags were placed in a pool with a horizontal bottom in a way that the row spacing and spacing were zero. After 7 days, the mouth of the mushroom bag was opened.

[0079] 6. Management and pest control during the harvesting process

[0080] (1) Primordial formation and fruiting body growth

[0081] When the mushroom bag produces primordia, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed should be maintained at about 75%; when the stipe grows to 8-10cm, adjust the ventilation, the top of the stipe differentiates, forms a cap and starts to grow outward, adjust the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed and maintain it at about 85%.

[0082] (2) Pest and disease control

[0083] After the mushroom bags are placed, close the door to prevent flies from entering the shed. At the same time, hang the sticky insect board containing sex attractants and set up insect trapping lights. In the area of ​​the shed that is far away from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom bags, set up bean cakes with appropriate amounts of pesticides and water to trap pests that harm Ganoderma lucidum in the shed and deal with them. In addition, regularly check whether there are insects on the ground and mushroom bags in the venue. If there are, manually remove the insects.

[0084] 7. Ganoderma lucidum spore powder collection

[0085] When the Ganoderma lucidum cap matures and starts to spray spore powder 10 days later, the air humidity in the Ganoderma lucidum shed is adjusted to 70%, and the spore powder is collected by conventional sleeve method.

[0086] 8. Storing and draining water into the pool during spore collection

[0087] When the spore powder collection time reaches about 15 days, add water to the pool until the water surface just touches the bottom of the fungus bag in the flower pot and store water for 1 day. Then drain the water in the pool. After that, according to the above, store water and release water once every 18 days until the Ganoderma lucidum and spore powder are harvested.

[0088] 9. Harvesting of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and spore powder

[0089] When the spore collection time lasts for 1.5 months, the fruiting bodies and spores are harvested.

[0090] 10. Ganoderma cultivation in the 2nd to 4th year

[0091] Comparative Example of Example 2

[0092] Accordingly, the steps of 'selection of cultivation substrate, selection of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum strains, and preparation of Ganoderma lucidum spawn' in the comparative example are exactly the same as those in Example 2, except that the later Ganoderma management is carried out according to the conventional field cultivation mode (He Jianfen, Li Chaoqian, Zhang Liangming. Characteristics of Shanghai Agricultural Ganoderma Lucidum No. 1 strain and key cultivation technology [J]. Edible Fungi, 2011, 33(05): 21-22.). The following is the comparative data of the cultivation test results of four consecutive years at the same Ganoderma site, as shown in Table 2.

[0093] Table 2 Statistics of four consecutive years of Ganoderma cultivation experiments using two methods

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] * : Shiitake mushroom yield rate = number of mushroom bags with Shiitake mushrooms / total number of cultivated mushroom bags*100%;

[0097] ** : The weight of spore powder and fruiting body produced by each fungus bag, the unit is: g / bag of wood;

[0098] A, B, C, D: Indicates that the difference is extremely significant at the 1% level.

[0099] As shown in Table 2, the sustainable cultivation method of Example 2 was used to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum. No matter the Ganoderma lucidum yield or the unit yield, there was no significant change between different years, and it was basically maintained in a high-yield and stable yield state. However, the conventional field cultivation method of the comparative example was used to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum. Due to the continuous cropping obstacle effect, the Ganoderma lucidum yield and the unit yield decreased year by year. It can be concluded that the cultivation of substitute material bacteria bags using the sustainable cultivation method can also eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle. In the cultivation practice of these four years, it was found that the sustainable cultivation method of Example 2 was used, and during the spore powder collection period, Ganoderma lucidum was almost not infected by molds and other fungi, while the conventional field cultivation method of the comparative example was used, and the Ganoderma lucidum during the spore powder collection period was almost slightly or seriously infected by molds and the like.

[0100] In summary, the sustainable cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum can significantly eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle effect, is simple to operate, and is easy to promote and apply on a large scale.

Claims

1. A sustainable method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a cultivation substrate; (2) selecting high-quality Ganoderma lucidum strains; (3) preparing Ganoderma lucidum spawns; (4) constructing a shed for growing Ganoderma lucidum; (5) treating mature spawns; (6) managing and controlling pests and diseases during the growing process; (7) collecting spore powder; (8) storing and releasing water into a pond during the spore powder collection process; (9) collecting Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and spore powder; wherein (4) Construction of the shed: The basic framework of the greenhouse is the same as that of the facility greenhouse, but the differences are: 1) the surrounding area of ​​the greenhouse is covered with insect-proof nets instead of films from 100 cm above the ground; 2) troughs are laid around the greenhouse near the insect-proof nets, and salt is added into them; The doors at the front and back of the shed are also made of insect-proof nets 3) The outer layer is laid with sunshade nets to the ground; The ground inside the shed is leveled, a pool about 15cm deep is dug, and waterproof materials are laid on it to facilitate water storage; grooves are built in the pool for smooth drainage; in addition, a water cooling system is installed on the top of the shed. When the temperature is high, the temperature inside the shed can be lowered to below 35℃ by spraying well water; (5) Treatment of mature bacterial bags During the period of time suitable for the emergence of Ganoderma lucidum, the bottom of the mature mushroom bag is cut open and placed in a flower pot with river sand at the bottom. The bottom of the flower pot has a hole, and then river sand is continued to be filled until it is slightly lower than the top of the mushroom bag or flush with the top. The flower pot with the mushroom bag is placed in a pool with a horizontal bottom, and the bag is opened after 5-8 days. (6) Management and pest control during the harvesting process When the mushroom bag produces primordia, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed is maintained at 75%-78%; when the stipe grows to 8-10cm, adjust the ventilation, the top of the stipe differentiates, forms a cap and begins to grow outward, and then adjust the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed and maintain it at 82%-85%; (7) Spore powder collection When the cap of Ganoderma lucidum matures and starts to spray spore powder 8-10 days later, adjust the air humidity in the shed to 70%-75% to collect spore powder; (8) Storing and releasing water into the pool during spore collection When the spore powder collection time reaches 13-16 days, add water to the pond until the water surface just touches the bottom of the mushroom bag in the flowerpot, and store water for 1 day, then drain the water in the pond; thereafter, according to the above, store and release water once every 15-18 days until the Ganoderma lucidum and spore powder are harvested.

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