Method for increasing survival rate of belamcanda chinensis through corn and belamcanda chinensis intercropping

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the survival rate of belamcanda chinensis through corn and belamcanda chinensis intercropping. The method comprises the following steps that 1, belamcanda chinensis seeds are pretreated; (2) preparing a composite soil conditioner; (3) land selection; (4) soil treatment; (5) sowing; (6) field management; (7) harvesting corn; (8) topdressing; (9) transplanting and field planting. The survival rate and the yield of blackberry lily seedlings are effectively improved by pretreating blackberry lily seeds, adding a composite soil conditioner into soil, intercropping corn and performing fine field management; seed germination is promoted through belamcanda chinensis seed pretreatment, the physicochemical property of soil is improved through the composite soil conditioner, a suitable growth environment is provided for belamcanda chinensis seedlings among corn, and healthy growth of belamcanda chinensis is guaranteed through cooperation of the three.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis. Background Art

[0002] Belamcanda chinensis is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Iridaceae family, and its rhizome is used as medicine. Belamcanda chinensis is highly valued by the Chinese medicine community at home and abroad because of its wide clinical application and remarkable curative effect. Belamcanda chinensis is resistant to drought and barrenness, has strong shade tolerance, strong adaptability, low management cost, and is suitable for intercropping. In addition, Belamcanda chinensis has bright orange-red flowers, which have ornamental value and are both medicinal and flower plants. In recent years, as its demand has increased, the price of Belamcanda chinensis has also risen year by year. However, its wild resources are decreasing, and artificial cultivation of Belamcanda chinensis faces problems such as germplasm confusion, lack of improved varieties, and uneven emergence. Its yield and quality can no longer meet market needs.

[0003] Belamcanda likes warmth and sunshine, is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and has no strict requirements on soil. It can be cultivated on hillsides and dry land. It prefers fertile, loose, high-lying, well-drained sandy loam. Neutral loam or slightly alkaline soil is suitable. Low-lying land and saline-alkali land are avoided. As a traditional medicinal plant, Belamcanda has two main propagation methods: seed propagation and rhizome propagation. From the perspective of rhizome propagation, although it has advantages such as high survival rate and short growth cycle, it has obvious limitations: first, it is easy to cause variety degeneration, and second, collecting rhizomes will directly affect the yield of medicinal materials, because the medicinal part of Belamcanda happens to be the rhizome. After the seeds of Belamcanda are harvested, the seed coat will gradually harden, inhibiting the germination of its seeds, making the seeds hard and solid, causing slow germination and low germination rate. Therefore, compared with rhizome propagation, seed propagation of Belamcanda has problems such as slow germination and uneven germination, and the entire germination period lasts relatively long, reaching about 50 days. However, due to the abundant fruit yield of each plant, considerable seed yield and high reproduction coefficient, seed propagation is the mainstream method of modern large-scale planting of Belamcanda chinensis. Seed propagation can be carried out by direct seeding and seedling transplanting. Seedling transplanting can better control seedling management and improve planting survival rate, but the labor intensity is relatively high; direct seeding is easy to operate, but it is necessary to pay attention to technical points such as sowing time and depth.

[0004] The existing technology mainly focuses on the growth of rhizomes by timely picking stems or spraying pesticides when the stems of Belamcanda chinensis are budding and flowering. However, this method still results in small Belamcanda chinensis due to improper control of the growth of the aboveground part, and the possible presence of pesticide residues increases the health and safety issues of its use. At the same time, root rot often occurs due to waterlogging during the planting process of Belamcanda chinensis, affecting the growth and quality of Belamcanda chinensis. Therefore, exploring the breeding technology of Belamcanda chinensis and realizing the safe and efficient production of Belamcanda chinensis can promote the healthy development of green Chinese medicine and promote the sustainable development of the regional economy. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, and perform a soaking treatment. After the soaking is completed, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0009] (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: composite biochar, potassium humate, fly ash, zeolite powder, sodium lignin sulfonate, betaine, and rhamnolipid are uniformly mixed to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0010] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil should be deep and loose, and the soil should be on a hilly and gently sloping area with good drainage. Deep plowing and land preparation should be carried out, and ridges should be made and beds should be opened.

[0011] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, till the land, apply fertilizer and add compound soil conditioner before land preparation;

[0012] (5) Sowing: Make three furrows on the bed, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows, and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis;

[0013] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0014] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0015] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply urea at a rate of 5-10 kg / mu;

[0016] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0018] Add gibberellin and naphthaleneacetic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stir and dissolve to obtain solution A; add potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate to distilled water, stir until dissolved, then add succinic acid to obtain solution B; add Tween 80 to solution B, then add solution A and spirulina extract, stir evenly, and adjust the pH to 5.5-6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration of gibberellin in the solution A is 40-50 mg / mL, and the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 20-30 mg / mL; the mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, distilled water, and succinic acid in the solution B is 0.8-1.1:0.5-0.9:800-850:0.3-0.5; the mass concentration of the spirulina extract is 1-2%, and the mass ratio of the solution B, Tween 80, solution A, and spirulina extract is 800-850:1-2:5-8:15-20.

[0020] In the present invention, since the seed coat of the Belamcanda chinensis seeds gradually hardens after being harvested, the germination of the seeds is inhibited, and the seeds become hard and solid, resulting in slow germination and low germination rate. Therefore, a seed soaking liquid with a specific formula can effectively break the seed dormancy, improve the seed germination rate and vitality, and lay a foundation for subsequent growth.

[0021] Preferably, the method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (1), the temperature of the seed soaking treatment is 20-30°C, the time is 36-48h, and the seed soaking solution is changed every 12h.

[0022] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite biochar in step (2) is as follows:

[0023] The biochar is added to a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5-10% for impregnation, and after the impregnation is completed, it is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain activated biochar; the activated biochar is added to an ethanol aqueous solution, and then vinyl triethoxysilane is added for stirring reaction, and after the reaction is completed, cysteine ​​and azobisisobutyronitrile are added for constant temperature reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified biochar; then the modified biochar is added to deionized water, and then sodium silicate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate are added, and triethylamine is added to adjust the pH to 9-10 for chelation reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is filtered and dried to obtain composite biochar.

[0024] Preferably, the impregnation temperature is 30-40°C, and the time is 3-4h; the mass ratio of the activated biochar, vinyltriethoxysilane, cysteine, and azobisisobutyronitrile is 100:10-15:6.5-10:0.3-0.5, the stirring reaction temperature is 60-70°C, and the time is 2-3h, and the constant temperature reaction temperature is 65-75°C, and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the modified biochar, sodium silicate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 100:10-20:20-30, the chelating reaction temperature is 50-60°C, and the time is 4-6h.

[0025] In the present invention, the composite biochar is activated, modified, chelated and other processes are performed to give it a larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption capacity, which can effectively improve the soil structure, increase soil fertility, and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, thereby promoting the development of the root system of Belamcanda chinensis and improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis seedlings.

[0026] Preferably, in step (2), the proportions of the raw materials are as follows, by weight: 25-35 parts of composite biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 15-25 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2-3 parts of betaine, and 0.5-0.8 parts of rhamnolipid.

[0027] In the present invention, the composite soil conditioner is prepared with a specific formula, the composite biochar enhances the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and improves the soil structure, and can provide silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer through a slow-release effect, thereby improving the growth of Belamcanda chinensis, potassium humate provides nutrients and promotes root development, fly ash regulates soil pH, zeolite powder improves soil permeability, sodium lignin sulfonate enhances soil aggregate structure, betaine improves plant stress resistance, and rhamnolipid promotes nutrient absorption, and multiple components work synergistically to effectively improve the soil and provide an excellent soil environment for the growth of Belamcanda chinensis.

[0028] Preferably, the specific process of opening the furrows in step (3) is as follows: preparing the land according to a furrow width of 0.9-1m, a furrow depth of 0.3-0.4m, a furrow width of 0.3-0.4m, and forming ridges with a ridge height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0029] Preferably, in step (4), 900-1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg / mu of composite soil conditioner are applied before land preparation.

[0030] Preferably, in step (5), the corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2 m, and 2-3 corn seeds are planted in one hole.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis by intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis provided by the present invention effectively improves the survival rate and yield of Belamcanda chinensis seedlings by pretreating Belamcanda chinensis seeds, adding a composite soil conditioner to the soil, intercropping corn and fine field management; the pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds promotes seed germination, the composite soil conditioner improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the intercropping of corn provides a suitable growth environment for the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings, and the three work together to ensure the healthy growth of Belamcanda chinensis.

[0033] (2) The method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis by intercropping corn with Belamcanda chinensis provided by the present invention adopts a seed soaking solution with a specific formula, which can better promote the germination of Belamcanda chinensis seeds and improve the survival rate of seedlings; gibberellins and naphthylacetic acid as plant hormones can promote seed germination and root development; potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate can provide necessary nutrients for seed germination; succinic acid can enhance the vitality of seeds and improve stress resistance; spirulina extract is rich in various biologically active substances, which can further supplement nutrition and promote growth; the organic acid contained in it can soften the seed coat, promote seed water absorption, and improve the air permeability of the seed coat; Tween-80 as a surfactant can not only help other components to dissolve and absorb, but also reduce the surface tension of the liquid, increase the contact area between the seed and the solution, and promote the penetration of active substances. Through the joint action of these specific components, the dormancy of Belamcanda chinensis seeds is effectively broken, the germination rate and germination potential are improved, the seedlings are allowed to grow stronger, and ultimately the survival rate of seedlings is improved.

[0034] (3) The method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis by intercropping corn with Belamcanda chinensis provided by the present invention adopts a specific method to modify biochar. First, the biochar is oxidatively activated by hydrogen peroxide to increase its pore structure and specific surface area, enhance its adsorption performance, and at the same time increase the active groups on the surface of the biochar; then, cysteine ​​is introduced into the biochar through a thiol-ene reaction to further improve the chelating and adsorption properties of the biochar; finally, sodium silicate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate are subjected to a chelating reaction with the modified biochar, which can improve the biochar's ability to load silicon fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the one hand, and make the biochar have a slow-release silicon fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the other hand. The present invention chelates silicon fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer with cysteine ​​on biochar through the action of chemical bonds, which can effectively reduce the loss of silicon fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, improve their utilization rate, ensure the absorption of phosphate fertilizer and silicon fertilizer during the growth of Belamcanda chinensis, and improve the survival rate of seedlings of Belamcanda chinensis; at the same time, the composite biochar is mixed with potassium humate, fly ash, zeolite powder, sodium lignin sulfonate, betaine and rhamnolipid in a specific ratio to prepare a composite soil conditioner, which can significantly improve the physical structure and chemical properties of the soil, improve soil fertility, enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote the development of the root system of Belamcanda chinensis, and ultimately improve the survival rate of seedlings of Belamcanda chinensis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The biochar was purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 200 mesh; the particle size of the fly ash was 200 mesh; the particle size of the zeolite powder was 200 mesh; the spirulina extract was purchased from Shaanxi Tianshengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the organic fertilizer was purchased from Hebei Chifan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an organic matter content of 45%, 50 million effective live bacteria / g, and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 5%.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, soak them at 25° C. for 48 hours, change the soaking solution every 12 hours, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0040] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: By weight, 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid were mixed evenly to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0041] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil layer should be more than 0.3m deep and loose. The soil should be well-drained and gently sloping. Deeply plow the land, break up and harrow the soil, and then make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be flat, so that the furrows are connected and drainage ditches should be set. The width of the ridges should be 0.9-1m, the ditch depth should be 0.3-0.4m, and the width of the ditch should be 0.3-0.4m. The land should be prepared, and the ridges should be made into ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0042] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, the land was tilled and tilled. Fertilizer was applied and compound soil conditioner was added before land preparation. The amount of organic fertilizer was 950 kg / mu and the amount of compound soil conditioner was 35 kg / mu.

[0043] (5) Sowing: dig three furrows on the bed with a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis with a plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m and plant 2-3 corns in one hole;

[0044] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0045] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0046] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply 8 kg / mu of urea;

[0047] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0048] In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0049] 450 mg of gibberellin and 250 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid were added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture was stirred to dissolve to obtain solution A. 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.7 g of potassium nitrate were added to 830 g of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred until dissolved, and then 0.4 g of succinic acid was added to obtain solution B. 15 g of spirulina extract was added to 985 g of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a spirulina extract. 1.5 g of Tween 80 was added to 830 g of solution B, and then 7 g of solution A and 17 g of spirulina extract were added, the mixture was stirred to obtain a spirulina extract, and the pH was adjusted to 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0050] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0051] 100 g of biochar was added to 1 L of 8% hydrogen peroxide solution, immersed at 35° C. for 3.5 h, filtered, washed and dried to obtain activated biochar; 100 g of activated biochar was added to 1 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 8:2), followed by 13 g of vinyltriethoxysilane, stirred and reacted at 65° C. for 2.5 h, 8 g of cysteine ​​and 0.4 g of azobisisobutyronitrile were added after the reaction was completed, and the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 70° C. for 2.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the modified biochar was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar; then 100 g of modified biochar was added to 1 L of deionized water, followed by 15 g of sodium silicate and 25 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to 10, and the chelation reaction was carried out at 55° C. for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the composite biochar was filtered and dried.

[0052] In the embodiment, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reaches 97.5%.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0055] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, soak them at 20° C. for 48 hours, change the soaking solution every 12 hours, wash them with sterile distilled water after soaking, dry the surface water with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0056] (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: By weight, 25 parts of composite biochar, 10 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of zeolite powder, 10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2 parts of betaine, and 0.5 parts of rhamnolipid were mixed evenly to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0057] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil layer should be more than 0.3m deep and loose. The soil should be well-drained and gently sloping. Deeply plow the land, break up and harrow the soil, and then make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be flat, so that the furrows are connected and drainage ditches should be set. The width of the ridges should be 0.9-1m, the ditch depth should be 0.3-0.4m, and the width of the ditch should be 0.3-0.4m. The land should be prepared, and the ridges should be made into ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0058] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, rotary tillage was performed, and fertilizer and compound soil conditioner were added before soil preparation. The amount of organic fertilizer was 900 kg / mu and the amount of compound soil conditioner was 30 kg / mu;

[0059] (5) Sowing: dig three furrows on the bed with a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis with a plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m and plant 2-3 corns in one hole;

[0060] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0061] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0062] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply urea at 5 kg / mu;

[0063] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0064] In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0065] 400 mg of gibberellin and 200 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid are added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture is stirred to dissolve to obtain solution A; 0.8 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 g of potassium nitrate are added to 800 g of distilled water, and the mixture is stirred until dissolved, and then 0.3 g of succinic acid is added to obtain solution B; 10 g of spirulina extract is added to 990 g of distilled water, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a spirulina extract; 1 g of Tween 80 is added to 800 g of solution B, and then 5 g of solution A and 15 g of spirulina extract are added, the mixture is stirred to obtain a seed soaking solution, and the pH value is adjusted to 5.5 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0066] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0067] 100 g of biochar was added to 1 L of 5% hydrogen peroxide solution, immersed at 30° C. for 4 h, filtered, washed and dried after the immersion to obtain activated biochar; 100 g of activated biochar was added to 1 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 8:2), and then 10 g of vinyltriethoxysilane was added, stirred and reacted at 60° C. for 3 h, 6.5 g of cysteine ​​and 0.3 g of azobisisobutyronitrile were added after the reaction was completed, and the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 65° C. for 3 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar; then 100 g of modified biochar was added to 1 L of deionized water, and then 10 g of sodium silicate and 20 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate were added, triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to 9, and the chelation reaction was carried out at 50° C. for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered and dried to obtain composite biochar.

[0068] In the embodiment, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reaches 95.8%.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, soak them at 30°C for 36 hours, change the soaking solution every 12 hours, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0072] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: By weight, 35 parts of composite biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of zeolite powder, 15 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 3 parts of betaine, and 0.8 parts of rhamnolipid were mixed evenly to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0073] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil layer should be more than 0.3m deep and loose. The soil should be well-drained and gently sloping. Deep plowing and land preparation should be carried out. After the soil is finely raked and leveled, ridges should be made according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be flat, so that the furrows are connected and drainage ditches should be set. The width of the ridges should be 0.9-1m, the furrow depth should be 0.3-0.4m, and the furrow width should be 0.3-0.4m. The land should be prepared, and the ridges should be made into ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0074] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, rotary tillage was performed, and fertilizer and compound soil conditioner were added before soil preparation. The amount of organic fertilizer was 1000 kg / mu and the amount of compound soil conditioner was 40 kg / mu;

[0075] (5) Sowing: dig three furrows on the bed with a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis with a plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m and plant 2-3 corns in one hole;

[0076] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0077] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0078] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply urea at a rate of 10 kg / mu;

[0079] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0080] In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0081] 500 mg of gibberellin and 300 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid are added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture is stirred to dissolve to obtain solution A; 1.1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.9 g of potassium nitrate are added to 850 g of distilled water, and the mixture is stirred until dissolved, and then 0.5 g of succinic acid is added to obtain solution B; 20 g of spirulina extract is added to 980 g of distilled water, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a spirulina extract; 2 g of Tween 80 is added to 850 g of solution B, and then 8 g of solution A and 20 g of spirulina extract are added, the mixture is stirred to obtain a spirulina extract, and the pH value is adjusted to 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0082] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0083] 100 g of biochar was added to 1 L of 10% hydrogen peroxide solution, immersed at 40° C. for 3 h, filtered, washed and dried after the immersion to obtain activated biochar; 100 g of activated biochar was added to 1 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 8:2), followed by 15 g of vinyltriethoxysilane, stirred and reacted at 70° C. for 2 h, 10 g of cysteine ​​and 0.5 g of azobisisobutyronitrile were added after the reaction was completed, and the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 75° C. for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the modified biochar was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar; then 100 g of modified biochar was added to 1 L of deionized water, followed by 20 g of sodium silicate and 30 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to 10, and the chelation reaction was carried out at 60° C. for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the composite biochar was filtered and dried.

[0084] In the embodiment, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reaches 96.4%.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0087] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, soak them at 25° C. for 48 hours, change the soaking solution every 12 hours, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0088] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: By weight, 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid were mixed evenly to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0089] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil layer should be more than 0.3m deep and loose. The soil should be well-drained and gently sloping. Deeply plow the land, break up and harrow the soil, and then make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be flat, so that the furrows are connected and drainage ditches should be set. The width of the ridges should be 0.9-1m, the ditch depth should be 0.3-0.4m, and the width of the ditch should be 0.3-0.4m. The land should be prepared, and the ridges should be made into ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0090] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, the land was tilled and tilled. Fertilizer was applied and compound soil conditioner was added before land preparation. The amount of organic fertilizer was 950 kg / mu and the amount of compound soil conditioner was 35 kg / mu.

[0091] (5) Sowing: dig three furrows on the bed with a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis with a plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m and plant 2-3 corns in one hole;

[0092] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0093] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0094] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply 8 kg / mu of urea;

[0095] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0096] In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0097] 450 mg of gibberellin and 250 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid were added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture was stirred to dissolve to obtain solution A; 15 g of spirulina extract was added to 985 g of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain spirulina extract solution; 1.5 g of Tween 80 was added to 830 g of distilled water, and then 7 g of solution A was added, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a pH value of 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0098] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0099] 100 g of biochar was added to 1 L of 8% hydrogen peroxide solution, immersed at 35° C. for 3.5 h, filtered, washed and dried to obtain activated biochar; 100 g of activated biochar was added to 1 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 8:2), followed by 13 g of vinyltriethoxysilane, stirred and reacted at 65° C. for 2.5 h, 8 g of cysteine ​​and 0.4 g of azobisisobutyronitrile were added after the reaction was completed, and the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 70° C. for 2.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the modified biochar was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar; then 100 g of modified biochar was added to 1 L of deionized water, followed by 15 g of sodium silicate and 25 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to 10, and the chelation reaction was carried out at 55° C. for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the composite biochar was filtered and dried.

[0100] In the comparative example, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reached 91.3%.

[0101] Comparative Example 2

[0102] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0103] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, soak them at 25° C. for 48 hours, change the soaking solution every 12 hours, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0104] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: By weight, 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid were mixed evenly to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0105] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil layer should be more than 0.3m deep and loose. The soil should be well-drained and gently sloping. Deeply plow the land, break up and harrow the soil, and then make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be flat, so that the furrows are connected and drainage ditches should be set. The width of the ridges should be 0.9-1m, the ditch depth should be 0.3-0.4m, and the width of the ditch should be 0.3-0.4m. The land should be prepared, and the ridges should be made into ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0106] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, the land was tilled and tilled. Fertilizer was applied and compound soil conditioner was added before land preparation. The amount of organic fertilizer was 950 kg / mu and the amount of compound soil conditioner was 35 kg / mu.

[0107] (5) Sowing: dig three furrows on the bed with a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis with a plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m and plant 2-3 corns in one hole;

[0108] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0109] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0110] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply 8 kg / mu of urea;

[0111] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0112] In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0113] 450 mg of gibberellin and 250 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid were added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture was stirred to dissolve to obtain solution A. 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.7 g of potassium nitrate were added to 830 g of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred until dissolved, and then 0.4 g of succinic acid was added to obtain solution B. 15 g of spirulina extract was added to 985 g of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a spirulina extract. 1.5 g of Tween 80 was added to 830 g of solution B, and then 7 g of solution A and 17 g of spirulina extract were added, the mixture was stirred to obtain a spirulina extract, and the pH was adjusted to 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0114] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0115] Add 100g of biochar to 1L of 8% hydrogen peroxide solution, soak at 35°C for 3.5h, filter, wash and dry to obtain activated biochar; add 100g of activated biochar to 1L of distilled water, then add 8g of cysteine, 15g of sodium silicate, 25g of diammonium phosphate, add triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, chelate react at 55°C for 5h, filter and dry after the reaction to obtain composite biochar.

[0116] In the comparative example, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reached 92.7%.

[0117] Comparative Example 3

[0118] A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis comprises the following steps:

[0119] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, soak them at 25° C. for 48 hours, change the soaking solution every 12 hours, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0120] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: By weight, 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid were mixed evenly to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0121] (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil layer should be more than 0.3m deep and loose. The soil should be well-drained and gently sloping. Deeply plow the land, break up and harrow the soil, and then make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be flat, so that the furrows are connected and drainage ditches should be set. The width of the ridges should be 0.9-1m, the ditch depth should be 0.3-0.4m, and the width of the ditch should be 0.3-0.4m. The land should be prepared, and the ridges should be made into ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

[0122] (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, the land was tilled and tilled. Fertilizer was applied and compound soil conditioner was added before land preparation. The amount of organic fertilizer was 950 kg / mu and the amount of compound soil conditioner was 35 kg / mu.

[0123] (5) Sowing: dig three furrows on the bed with a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis with a plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m and plant 2-3 corns in one hole;

[0124] (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds;

[0125] (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil;

[0126] (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply 8 kg / mu of urea;

[0127] (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

[0128] In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0129] The method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0130] 450 mg of gibberellin and 250 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid were added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture was stirred to dissolve to obtain solution A; 15 g of spirulina extract was added to 985 g of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain spirulina extract solution; 1.5 g of Tween 80 was added to 830 g of distilled water, and then 7 g of solution A was added, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a pH value of 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0131] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0132] Add 100g of biochar to 1L of 8% hydrogen peroxide solution, soak at 35°C for 3.5h, filter, wash and dry to obtain activated biochar; add 100g of activated biochar to 1L of distilled water, then add 8g of cysteine, 15g of sodium silicate, 25g of diammonium phosphate, add triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, chelate react at 55°C for 5h, filter and dry after the reaction to obtain composite biochar.

[0133] In the comparative example, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reached 88.1%.

[0134] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping corn and Belamcanda chinensis to improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them into a soaking solution, and perform a soaking treatment. After the soaking is completed, wash them with sterile distilled water, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds; (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: composite biochar, potassium humate, fly ash, zeolite powder, sodium lignin sulfonate, betaine, and rhamnolipid are uniformly mixed to obtain a composite soil conditioner; (3) Site selection: Choose a loose, slightly acidic, organic-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plot for planting. The soil should be deep and loose, and the soil should be on a hilly and gently sloping area with good drainage. Deep plowing and land preparation should be carried out, and ridges should be made and beds should be opened. (4) Soil treatment: From the end of May to the beginning of June, till the land, apply fertilizer and add compound soil conditioner before land preparation; (5) Sowing: Make three furrows on the bed, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows, and cover with 5 cm of soil; interplant corn in two interspaces between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis; (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings are 15 cm tall, timely seedling replacement should be carried out, leaving one seedling in each hole; timely watering during droughts, timely clearing ditches and draining water during rainy seasons to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields, timely removal of weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and free of weeds; (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; in January of the following year, when the corn on the ground of the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed, then dig trenches and cover with soil; (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply urea at a rate of 5-10 kg / mu; (9) Transplanting: From March to April, seedlings are transplanted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the method for preparing the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps: Add gibberellin and naphthaleneacetic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stir and dissolve to obtain solution A; add potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate to distilled water, stir until dissolved, then add succinic acid to obtain solution B; add Tween 80 to solution B, then add solution A and spirulina extract, stir evenly, and adjust the pH to 5.5-6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The concentration of gibberellin in the solution A is 40-50 mg / mL, and the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 20-30 mg / mL; the mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, distilled water, and succinic acid in the solution B is 0.8-1.1:0.5-0.9:800-850:0.3-0.5; the mass concentration of the spirulina extract is 1-2%, and the mass ratio of the solution B, Tween 80, solution A, and spirulina extract is 800-850:1-2:5-8:15-20.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (1), the temperature of the seed soaking treatment is 20-30°C, the time is 36-48h, and the seed soaking solution is changed every 12h.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the composite biochar in step (2) is as follows: The biochar is added to a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5-10% for impregnation, and after the impregnation is completed, it is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain activated biochar; the activated biochar is added to an ethanol aqueous solution, and then vinyl triethoxysilane is added for stirring reaction, and after the reaction is completed, cysteine ​​and azobisisobutyronitrile are added for constant temperature reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified biochar; then the modified biochar is added to deionized water, and then sodium silicate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate are added, and triethylamine is added to adjust the pH to 9-10 for chelation reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is filtered and dried to obtain composite biochar.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The impregnation temperature is 30-40°C, and the time is 3-4h; the mass ratio of the activated biochar, vinyltriethoxysilane, cysteine, and azobisisobutyronitrile is 100:10-15:6.5-10:0.3-0.5, the stirring reaction temperature is 60-70°C, and the time is 2-3h, and the constant temperature reaction temperature is 65-75°C, and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the modified biochar, sodium silicate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 100:10-20:20-30, the chelating reaction temperature is 50-60°C, and the time is 4-6h.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the proportions of the raw materials are as follows, by weight: 25-35 parts of composite biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 15-25 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2-3 parts of betaine, and 0.5-0.8 parts of rhamnolipid.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific process of step (3) furrow opening is as follows: land preparation is carried out according to furrow width of 0.9-1m, furrow depth of 0.3-0.4m, furrow width of 0.3-0.4m, and ridges are made with ridge height of 0.2-0.25m.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), 900-1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg / mu of composite soil conditioner are applied before land preparation.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (5), the corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2 m, and 2-3 corn seeds are planted in one hole.