Grease composition of formula food suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

The invention discloses a grease composition suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease formula food, medium-chain fatty acid accounts for 10-60% of the total fatty acid mass and comprises more than one of C6: 0, C8: 0, C10: 0 and C12: 0; the content of saturated fatty acid except medium-chain fatty acid accounts for 0.5-20% of the total fatty acid by mass; the content of n-6 fatty acid accounts for 3%-45% of the total fatty acid mass, the content of n-3 fatty acid accounts for 0.5%-30% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 fatty acid to n-3 fatty acid is (0.4-8): 1; the content of oleic acid accounts for 3-60% of the total fatty acid mass; in the triglyceride composition of the grease composition, medium-long carbon chain triglyceride accounts for 30-90% of the total triglyceride by mass; the triglyceride comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-80% of triglyceride containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group, 5-40% of triglyceride containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups and 0-15% of triglyceride containing three medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups, wherein the mass of triglyceride containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group accounts for the mass of all triglyceride; the mass of triglyceride containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups accounts for the mass of all triglyceride; the mass of triglyceride containing three medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups accounts for the mass of all triglyceride.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oils and fats, and in particular relates to an oil and fat composition suitable for a formula food for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Background Art

[0002] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and persistent airflow obstruction caused by airway abnormalities and / or alveolar abnormalities. As an irreversible lung disease that cannot be cured by medical technology, COPD needs to be controlled in combination with diet in addition to drug control.

[0003] COPD patients have a heavy respiratory burden, and it is difficult for them to inhale enough oxygen and expel the carbon dioxide produced by metabolism from the lungs, which can easily lead to chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia. COPD patients need increased energy, and the increased ventilation energy consumption due to abnormal lung mechanics is mainly manifested as increased resting energy consumption. In addition, COPD patients have many comorbidities. Studies have found that 97.7% of COPD patients have one or more comorbidities. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gastrointestinal problems and lung cancer are the most common chronic diseases associated with COPD, which will increase the mortality rate of COPD patients. COPD patients have a high incidence of malnutrition, with 30%-60% of hospitalized patients and 10%-45% of outpatients suffering from malnutrition. Malnutrition is the most important determinant of COPD prognosis and mortality, which will accelerate the decline of respiratory function. Malnourished COPD patients show worse activity status compared with non-malnourished patients with similar disease severity; dyspnea not only affects exercise ability, but also leads to loss of appetite and reduced nutrient intake, which in turn leads to a vicious cycle of malnutrition.

[0004] As early as the 20th century, researchers have discovered that a high carbohydrate load in nutritional support similar to a normal diet can lead to a significant increase in carbon dioxide production, which in turn causes respiratory distress in patients with impaired lung function. Fat, as one of the three major nutrients for the human body, is also a high-quality source of energy. When oxidized in the body, the respiratory quotient of fat (0.7) is lower than that of sugar (1.0), which can greatly reduce the respiratory burden. Therefore, the requirement for fat content (fat energy supply ratio 30-45%) in "high fat and low sugar" has become a consensus in the design of nutritional support for COPD patients.

[0005] Patent CN106072532A designs a complete nutritional formula food suitable for COPD patients, but the oil used is only corn oil, the lipid source is relatively single, and the fatty acid composition cannot meet the needs of CODP patients. Patent CN114246331A also designs a complete nutritional formula food suitable for COPD patients, but its fat composition is a physical mixture of MCT and LCT, the energy supply is not stable, the ventilation burden is heavy, and it cannot meet the breathing needs of CODP patients.

[0006] As the main source of energy for COPD patients, fat, its fatty acid composition and triglyceride structure play a very important role in the energy metabolism and material metabolism of COPD patients. Therefore, a specific fat composition is needed, whose composition and structure are conducive to COPD digestion and absorption, stable energy supply, reduced respiratory burden, and relieved inflammation, meeting the needs of this special population.

[0007] The oil compositions or complete nutritional formula foods for COPD patients on the market are still in the early stages of research and development. In the past, the main component of fat emulsions was long-chain triglycerides (LCT) derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Long-chain fatty acids were absorbed by the lymphatic system and transported to the systemic circulation in the form of chylomicrons for resynthesis of new triglyceride molecules, which would cause fat deposition and enhanced systemic inflammatory response. In addition, delayed gastric emptying and increased satiety interfere with diaphragmatic and chest movements, reduce postprandial lung function residual capacity, increase oxygen and hemoglobin desaturation, increase respiratory burden, and thus aggravate malnutrition. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are small in size and hydrophilic. After being hydrolyzed from triglycerides, they are directly transported to the liver through the portal vein, undergo β-oxidation in the mitochondria, can be rapidly metabolized, and are not easily resynthesized to cause fat deposition. They are introduced into the design of formula foods for chronic diseases. However, when medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT are used clinically in the form of a physical mixture, their rapid digestion and metabolism lead to increased respiratory burden and oxidative stress, which is not conducive to COPD patients with limited pulmonary gas exchange and chronic inflammation.

[0008] Therefore, the lipid-acid composition and triglyceride structure of most COPD nutritional support products on the market cannot provide energy and nutrients for COPD patients. Therefore, based on the nutritional status, metabolic characteristics and lipid nutrition needs of COPD patients, developing a fat composition that better meets the nutritional needs of COPD patients is of great significance for solving the problems existing in the current clinical nutritional treatment of COPD patients. Summary of the invention

[0009] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a fat composition suitable for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease formula food, wherein the fat acid composition and triglyceride structure provide energy and nutrients for COPD patients.

[0010] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first purpose of the present invention is to provide a fat composition suitable for a formula food for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wherein:

[0011] Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) account for 10% to 60% of the total fatty acid mass, and the medium chain fatty acids include one or more of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0;

[0012] In the triglyceride composition of the oil composition, medium- and long-chain triglycerides account for 30% to 90% of the total triglyceride mass;

[0013] In terms of triglyceride composition, triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group account for 25-80% of the total triglycerides by mass, triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups account for 5-40% of the total triglycerides by mass, and triglycerides containing three medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups account for 0-15% of the total triglycerides by mass.

[0014] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fat composition as described above, comprising the following steps: mixing a fat derived from a medium-chain triglyceride and a fat derived from a long-chain triglyceride in a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-19), adding lipase in a reaction substrate mass ratio of 4-14% in a solvent-free system, and performing an ester exchange reaction at a temperature of 50-70°C for 3-12 hours.

[0015] The third object of the present invention is to provide use of any of the above-mentioned oil and fat compositions in the preparation of products suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[0016] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a food, which contains any of the above-mentioned fat compositions or a fat composition prepared by any of the above-mentioned methods.

[0017] The fifth object of the present invention is to provide a special medical formula food suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which contains the oil composition described in any one of the above items or the oil composition prepared by any one of the methods described in any one of the above items.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The application field of the oil composition prepared by the present invention is nutritional support for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[0020] 2. In the oil and fat composition of the present invention, the long-chain triglycerides are distinguished from the physical mixture of medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides, and the medium-long-chain triglycerides are structured lipids obtained by reactions such as ester exchange using medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides as raw materials.

[0021] 3. In the oil composition of the present invention, the molecular types and contents of long-chain triglycerides are specific, wherein the triglycerides containing medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups include: triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group, such as MCFA-C18:1-C18:1, MCFA-C18:1-C18:2, MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 and MCFA-C18:1-C18:3, and triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups, such as MCFA-MCFA-C18:1 and MCFA-MCFA-C18:3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the degree of lipolysis of the fat component MLCT3 and the fat component and physical mixture in Comparative Example 1.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the lung immune cell infiltration scores for fat component 3 and comparative examples 1-3.

[0024] Figure 3 Graph showing the total number of white blood cells in alveolar lavage fluid from fat component 3 and comparative examples 1-3.

[0025] Figure 4 Graph showing the eosinophil content in alveolar lavage fluid of fat component 3 and comparative examples 1-3.

[0026] Figure 5 Figure 2 is a graph of the respiratory quotient of mice during the day and night in fat component 3 and comparative example 1-2.

[0027] Figure 6 The figure is a graph showing the weight changes of mice in fat component 3 and comparative example 1-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The oil compositions or complete nutritional formula foods for COPD patients on the market are still in the early stages of research and development. In the past, the main component of fat emulsions was long-chain triglycerides (LCT) derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Long-chain fatty acids were absorbed by the lymphatic system and transported to the systemic circulation in the form of chylomicrons for resynthesis of new triglyceride molecules, which would cause fat deposition and enhanced systemic inflammatory response. In addition, delayed gastric emptying and increased satiety interfere with diaphragmatic and chest movements, reduce postprandial lung function residual capacity, increase oxygen and hemoglobin desaturation, increase respiratory burden, and thus aggravate malnutrition. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are small in size and hydrophilic. After being hydrolyzed from triglycerides, they are directly transported to the liver through the portal vein, undergo β-oxidation in the mitochondria, can be rapidly metabolized, and are not easily resynthesized to cause fat deposition. They are introduced into the design of formula foods for chronic diseases. However, when medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT are used clinically in the form of a physical mixture, their rapid digestion and metabolism lead to increased respiratory burden and oxidative stress, which is not conducive to COPD patients with limited pulmonary gas exchange and chronic inflammation.

[0029] Therefore, the lipid-acid composition and triglyceride structure of most COPD nutritional support products on the market cannot provide energy and nutrients for COPD patients. Therefore, based on the nutritional status, metabolic characteristics and lipid nutrition needs of COPD patients, developing a fat composition that better meets the nutritional needs of COPD patients is of great significance for solving the problems existing in the current clinical nutritional treatment of COPD patients.

[0030] Based on this, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a special medical formula food oil composition suitable for COPD patients, the fatty acid composition of which is more in line with the lipid nutrition requirements of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, that is, it contains both medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids, a certain amount of monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids, and a low n-6 / n-3 ratio; in addition, its unique triglyceride structure improves the digestion and absorption rate of the oil composition. The oil composition can provide necessary energy and essential fatty acids for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who have lipid digestion and absorption disorders. At the same time, n-3 fatty acids can reduce the inflammatory factors of patients, improve the immune indicators of patients, and are more conducive to the nutritional treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[0031] Example

[0032] Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a fat composition suitable for a formula food for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat composition has the following characteristics: medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) account for 10%-60% of the total fatty acid mass, and the medium-chain fatty acids include one or more of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0;

[0033] In the triglyceride composition of the oil composition, medium- and long-chain triglycerides account for 30% to 90% of the total triglyceride mass;

[0034] In terms of triglyceride composition, triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group account for 25-80% of the total triglycerides by mass, triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups account for 5-40% of the total triglycerides by mass, and triglycerides containing three medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups account for 0-15% of the total triglycerides by mass.

[0035] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the triglyceride containing medium-chain fatty acid acyl is as follows:

[0036] Triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group include: MCFA-C18:1-C18:1, MCFA-C18:1-C18:2, MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 and MCFA-C18:1-C18:3.

[0037] Triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups include: MCFA-MCFA-C18:1, MCFA-MCFA-C18:3,

[0038] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition,

[0039] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:1 in the oil composition is 0.2 to 40%.

[0040] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:2 in the oil composition is 0-40%,

[0041] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-20%,

[0042] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-20%,

[0043] The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:1 in the oil composition is 0.5-50%,

[0044] The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:3 to the oil composition is 0.1 to 50%.

[0045] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition,

[0046] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:1 in the oil composition is 0.4-30%.

[0047] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:2 in the oil composition is 0 to 30%.

[0048] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-10%,

[0049] The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-15%,

[0050] The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:1 in the oil composition is 1 to 40%.

[0051] The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:3 to the oil composition is 0.5 to 40%.

[0052] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) account for 35%-95% of the total fatty acids by mass.

[0053] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, long-chain fatty acids account for 40%-90% of the total fatty acids by mass.

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the long-chain fatty acid includes one or more of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3.

[0055] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, medium-chain fatty acids account for 13%-40% of the total fatty acids by mass, and in the triglyceride composition of the oil composition, medium- and long-chain triglycerides account for 35%-85% of the total triglycerides by mass.

[0056] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the content of saturated fatty acids excluding medium-chain fatty acids accounts for 0.5%-20% of the total fatty acids by mass.

[0057] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the content of saturated fatty acids excluding medium-chain fatty acids accounts for 1%-15% of the total fatty acids by mass.

[0058] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) accounts for 5%-70% of the total fatty acid mass, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounts for 5%-65% of the total fatty acid mass.

[0059] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids accounts for 10%-50% of the total fatty acid mass, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids accounts for 10%-50% of the total fatty acid mass.

[0060] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, C18:2n-6 accounts for 10%-40% of the total fatty acid mass, C18:3n-3 accounts for 0.5%-18% of the total fatty acid mass, and C18:1n-9 accounts for 3%-60% of the total fatty acid mass.

[0061] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, C18:2n-6 accounts for 12%-27% of the total fatty acid mass, C18:3n-3 accounts for 1%-16% of the total fatty acid mass, and C18:1n-9 accounts for 5%-50% of the total fatty acid mass.

[0062] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the fatty acid composition of the oil composition, the mass ratio of n-6 fatty acid to n-3 fatty acid is (0.4-8):1.

[0063] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the fatty acid composition of the oil composition, the mass ratio of n-6 fatty acid to n-3 fatty acid is (0.6-6):1.

[0064] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the middle chain fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions account for 10 to 50% of the total fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions.

[0065] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the long carbon chain fatty acid at the sn-2 position accounts for 50% to 90% of the total fatty acids at the sn-2 position.

[0066] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the medium-chain fatty acid source includes one or more of MCT, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or modified oils after fractionation thereof.

[0067] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the oil composition, the source of long-chain fatty acids includes one or more of soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, linseed oil, olive oil, safflower seed oil, walnut oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, algae oil, or modified oils after fractionation thereof.

[0068] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a method for preparing any of the above-described oil and fat compositions, comprising the following steps: mixing oils derived from medium-chain triglycerides and oils derived from long-chain triglycerides in a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-19), adding lipase in a reaction substrate mass ratio of 1-20% in a solvent-free system, and carrying out an ester exchange reaction at a temperature of 50-70°C for 1-12 hours.

[0069] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the oil derived from the medium-chain triglyceride includes one or more of MCT, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or modified oils after fractionation thereof.

[0070] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the oil from which the long-chain fatty acids are derived includes one or more of soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, linseed oil, olive oil, safflower seed oil, walnut oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, algae oil, or modified oils after fractionation thereof.

[0071] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the medium-chain triglycerides, based on the weight proportion of the reaction raw materials, include 5% to 100% tricaprylin, 0% to 95% 1,2-caprylic-3-capric triglyceride, 0% to 95% 1-caprylic-2,3-capric triglyceride and 0.1% to 95% tricaprin.

[0072] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the medium-chain triglycerides, based on the weight proportion of the reaction raw materials, include 10% to 100% tricaprylin, 0% to 90% 1,2-caprylic-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 0% to 90% 1-caprylic-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride and 1% to 90% tricaprylin.

[0073] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the long-chain fatty acids, measured by weight proportion of the reaction raw materials, include

[0074] 10-60% medium chain triglycerides, 0.1-30% camellia oil, 0.1-30% olive oil, 1-30% palm oil, 0.1-30% fish oil;

[0075] Or, 10-60% medium chain triglycerides, 2-30% camellia oil, 2-30% sunflower oil, 0.1-20% palm oil, 0.1-20% linseed oil, 0.1-30% algae oil;

[0076] Or, 10-60% medium chain triglycerides, 10-80% rapeseed oil, 0.01-30% linseed oil, 1-50% soybean oil.

[0077] Further optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the long-chain fatty acids, based on the weight ratio of the reaction raw materials, include 35% medium-chain triglycerides, 20% camellia seed oil, 20% olive oil, 10% palm oil, and 15% fish oil;

[0078] Or, 42% medium chain triglycerides, 20% camellia oil, 15% sunflower oil, 5% palm oil, 3% linseed oil, 15% algae oil;

[0079] Or, 25% medium chain triglycerides, 58% rapeseed oil, 1% flaxseed oil, 16% soybean oil.

[0080] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the lipase is a lipase based on Candida antarctica and an immobilized lipase, including but not limited to one or more of the immobilized enzymes NS 40086, Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM, Lipozyme 435, and Novozym 435.

[0081] On the other hand, the present invention provides use of any of the above-mentioned oil and fat compositions in the preparation of products suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[0082] On the other hand, the present invention provides a food, which contains any of the above-mentioned oil and fat compositions or a oil and fat composition prepared by any of the above-mentioned methods.

[0083] On the other hand, the present invention provides a special medical formula food suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which contains any of the above-mentioned oil compositions or a oil composition prepared by any of the above-mentioned methods.

[0084] The key improvements of the present invention are:

[0085] 1. The application field of the oil composition is nutritional support for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[0086] 2. Medium-chain triglycerides are different from the physical mixture of medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides. Medium-chain triglycerides are structural lipids in which medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids exist simultaneously on the triglyceride backbone.

[0087] 3. Molecular types and contents of medium and long-chain triglycerides in the oil composition: Triglycerides containing medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups include: triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group (MCFA-C18:1-C18:1, MCFA-C18:1-C18:2, MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 and MCFA-C18:1-C18:3), triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups (MCFA-MCFA-C18:1, MCFA-MCFA-C18:3).

[0088] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. According to the following embodiments, the present invention can be better understood. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results described in the embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not and will not limit the present invention described in detail in the claims.

[0089] Example 1: Preparation of oil composition MLCT1

[0090] A fat composition suitable for nutritional support of COPD patients, wherein the raw material oil composition and content thereof are as follows by weight: 35% medium chain triglyceride, 20% camellia seed oil, 20% olive oil, 10% palm oil, and 15% fish oil. The medium chain triglyceride is composed of 17% tricaprylin, 36% 1,2-octanoic acid-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 35% 1-octanoic acid-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride, and 12% tricaprin.

[0091] Several raw oils are mixed and added into a reactor, and 8 wt% (mass ratio of reaction substrate) of immobilized lipase Lipozyme RM is added. The temperature is maintained at 60°C and reacted for 4 hours under stirring conditions at 300 r / min. The oil is then transferred into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 5 minutes to separate the lipase and the oil. Free fatty acids in the oil are removed by molecular distillation, and the oil composition is purified.

[0092] Example 2: Preparation of oil composition MLCT2

[0093] A fat composition suitable for nutritional support of COPD patients, wherein the raw material oil composition and content thereof are as follows by weight: 42% medium chain triglyceride, 20% camellia seed oil, 15% sunflower seed oil, 5% palm oil, 3% linseed oil, and 15% algae oil. The medium chain triglyceride is composed of 17% tricaprylin, 36% 1,2-octanoic acid-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 35% 1-octanoic acid-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride, and 12% tricaprin.

[0094] Several raw oils are mixed and added into a reactor, and 8 wt% (mass ratio of reaction substrate) of immobilized lipase Lipozyme RM is added. The temperature is maintained at 60°C and reacted for 4 hours under stirring conditions at 300 r / min. The oil is then transferred into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 5 minutes to separate the lipase and the oil. Free fatty acids in the oil are removed by molecular distillation, and the oil composition is purified.

[0095] Example 3: Preparation of grease composition MLCT3

[0096] A grease composition suitable for nutritional support of COPD patients, wherein the raw material oil composition and content are as follows by weight: 25% medium chain triglyceride, 58% rapeseed oil, 1% linseed oil, and 16% soybean oil. The medium chain triglyceride is composed of 17% tricaprylin, 36% 1,2-octanoic acid-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 35% 1-octanoic acid-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride, and 12% tricaprin.

[0097] Several raw oils are mixed and added into a reactor, and 8 wt% (mass ratio of reaction substrate) of immobilized lipase Lipozyme RM is added. The temperature is maintained at 60°C and reacted for 4 hours under stirring conditions at 300 r / min. The oil is then transferred into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 5 minutes to separate the lipase and the oil. Free fatty acids in the oil are removed by molecular distillation, and the oil composition is purified.

[0098] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of Grease Composition Comparative Example 1

[0099] A grease composition, wherein the raw material oil composition and content thereof are as follows: 77% rapeseed oil, 2% linseed oil, and 21% soybean oil. Among them, the medium chain triglyceride is composed of 17% tricaprylin, 36% 1,2-octanoic acid-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 35% 1-octanoic acid-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride, and 12% tricaprin.

[0100] By mixing several raw material oils, a fat or oil composition is obtained.

[0101] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of Grease Composition Comparative Example 2

[0102] A grease composition, wherein the raw material oil composition and content thereof are as follows: 25% medium chain triglyceride, 58% rapeseed oil, 1% linseed oil, and 16% soybean oil. The medium chain triglyceride is composed of 17% tricaprylin, 36% 1,2-octanoic acid-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 35% 1-octanoic acid-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride, and 12% tricaprin.

[0103] By mixing several raw material oils, a fat or oil composition is obtained.

[0104] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of Grease Composition Comparative Example 3

[0105] A fat composition suitable for nutritional support of COPD patients, wherein the raw material oil composition and content thereof are as follows: 25% medium chain triglyceride and 75% soybean oil, wherein the medium chain triglyceride is composed of 17% tricaprylin, 36% 1,2-octanoic acid-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 35% 1-octanoic acid-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride and 12% tricaprin.

[0106] Several raw oils are mixed and added into a reactor, and 8 wt% (mass ratio of reaction substrate) of immobilized lipase Lipozyme RM is added. The temperature is maintained at 60°C and reacted for 4 hours under stirring conditions at 300 r / min. The oil is then transferred into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 5 minutes to separate the lipase and the oil. Free fatty acids in the oil are removed by molecular distillation, and the oil composition is purified.

[0107] Example 5: Determination of triglyceride and fatty acid composition in different oil compositions

[0108] The obtained oil sample was diluted with n-hexane gradient to a concentration of 0.4 mg / mL. Triglyceride was analyzed by UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS. The chromatographic column was Acquity BEH-2EP (150mm×3.0mm 1.7μm Waters USA), eluent A was supercritical carbon dioxide (purity ≥99.99%), eluent B was acetonitrile: ethanol = 50:50, and the flow rate was 0.8mL / min. The elution gradient was: 0min, phase B was increased from 16min to 16.1min, 25min, 28min, 2% and maintained for 2min. The column temperature was 50℃, the injector temperature was 20℃, the back pressure was 3000psi, and the injection volume was 1μL. 10mmol / L ammonium acetate methanol solution was selected as the entrainer, the split ratio was 1:3, and the flow rate was 0.2mL / min. Mass spectrometry conditions: the ionization source was ESI+. Capillary voltage: 3.5 kV, cone voltage: 30 V, ion source temperature: 100 °C, desolvation temperature: 400 °C, collision gas: argon, flow rate: 50 L / h, desolvation gas: nitrogen, flow rate: 700 L / h. Collision voltage: 35 V, molecular weight scanning range: 100-1200 m / z. Quantification was performed using the normalization method.

[0109] The results of the determination of triglyceride composition in different oil compositions are shown in Tables 1.1 to 1.5.

[0110] Table 1.1 Composition of triglycerides containing three medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups in oil and fat compositions (wt%)

[0111]

[0112] Table 1.2 Composition of triglycerides containing three long-chain fatty acid acyl groups in oil and fat compositions (wt%)

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Table 1.3 Composition of triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups and one long-chain fatty acid acyl group in the oil composition (wt%)

[0116]

[0117] Table 1.4 Composition of triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group and two long-chain fatty acid acyl groups in the oil composition (wt%)

[0118]

[0119] Table 1.5 Composition of characteristic molecules in oil and fat compositions (wt%)

[0120]

[0121] From the above results, it can be seen that the oil compositions MLCT1, MLCT2 and MLCT3 obtained in Examples 1-3 contain more than 70% MLCT, while no MLCT is detected in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0122] Total fatty acids were determined using the normalization method in the national food safety standard GB 5009.168-2016 "Determination of fatty acids in food". The oil sample was dissolved in isooctane, and potassium hydroxide methanol solution was added to perform methyl esterification by transesterification. After the reaction was complete, the remaining potassium hydroxide was neutralized with sodium bisulfate, and the percentage of fatty acids was quantitatively determined by the area normalization method.

[0123] The results of the determination of fatty acid compositions in different oil compositions are shown in Table 2.

[0124] Table 2 Fatty acid composition of oil and fat composition (wt%)

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] From the above results, it can be seen that among the various fatty acid contents of the oil compositions MLCT1, MLCT2 and MLCT3 obtained in Examples 1-3, the oleic acid content accounts for 13%-40% of the total fatty acid mass, the saturated fatty acid content excluding medium-chain fatty acids accounts for 1%-10% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-6 fatty acid content accounts for 15%-22% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3 fatty acid content accounts for 7%-11% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids is (1.5 to 3:1); while the mass ratios of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids in Comparative Examples 1-3 are all greater than 15:1, and the oleic acid content in Comparative Example 1 accounts for more than 60% of the total fatty acid mass.

[0128] Example 6. Determination of free fatty acid release levels of different oil compositions

[0129] Preparation of emulsion: First, a certain amount of emulsifier whey protein is dissolved in ultrapure water, and stirred in a constant temperature water bath for more than 4 hours to fully dissolve and hydrate. The completely dissolved and hydrated 1% protein solution and 3% oil composition are emulsified in a high-speed shear disperser for 2 minutes, and then subjected to 150MPa high-pressure homogenization to prepare a composite emulsion.

[0130] Simulating in vitro digestion in COPD patients:

[0131] Preparation stage: Turn on the thermostat to keep the temperature of the digestion chamber constant at 37°C; adjust the initial pH of the stomach to 2, add 2mL of gastric juice and 140mg of rabbit gastric lipase to the stomach digestion chamber; adjust the initial pH of the small intestine to 6.5, add 2mL of intestinal juice with a bile salt concentration of 1.6mmol / L and 4g of pancreatic lipase to the small intestine digestion chamber.

[0132] Retention stage: 35 mL of emulsion was added to the gastric digestion chamber to enter the 10-min retention stage. At this time, the following were simultaneously turned on: 1) a magnetic stirrer, set to intermittent mode, with a speed of 100 rpm; 2) an acid pump to control the real-time pH change in the gastric digestion chamber, and the pH of the small intestinal digestion chamber was maintained at 6.5; 3) a gastric juice pump to add gastric juice at 1 mL / min.

[0133] Emptying phase: 1) adjust the gastric juice pump speed to 0.5 mL / min; 2) turn on the pancreatic juice pump and bile pump to keep the fluid addition speed at 0.25 mL / min and 0.5 mL / min respectively; 3) turn on the gastric emptying pump and intestinal transit pump to simulate gastric emptying and intestinal transit.

[0134] Free fatty acid release assay: During the small intestinal digestion stage, the released free fatty acids were monitored using a pH-stat autotitrator and the consumption (mL) of NaOH (0.1 M) used to neutralize the free fatty acids was recorded during the 180 min digestion process. During this process, pancreatic lipase converts triglycerides into a complex mixture of diglycerides, monoglycerides and free fatty acids. The released free fatty acids (FFAs) were expressed as a percentage and calculated using the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] Where, FFA% is the percentage of released FFA, V NaOH is the volume of NaOH solution consumed during digestion (L), m NaOH is the molar concentration of NaOH (mol / L), MW Lipid is the average molar mass of different oils and fats, W Lipid It is the mass of fat contained in the digestive juice of the small intestine.

[0137] Results: In the simulated small intestinal digestion process, the overall trend of the digestion curves of the two oils is as follows Figure 1 As shown. In the initial stage of small intestinal digestion, the amount of free fatty acid released increases rapidly. As time goes on, the amount of free fatty acid released increases slowly and finally enters a stable stage. However, due to the different TAG structures, the total free fatty acid release process of the physical mixture and the oil composition also has significant differences. In the small intestinal digestion stage, the total free fatty acid release rate of the physical mixture of the composition raw material MCT / LCT is higher than that of the oil composition, and the release rate remains basically unchanged after 120 minutes. The total free fatty acid release of the composition MLCT increases slowly, and the free fatty acid release of the MLCT oil composition gradually exceeds that of the physical mixture (composition MLCT vs composition raw material MCT / LCT: 82% vs 78%).

[0138] Example 7. Assessment of immune cell infiltration in animal models of COPD

[0139] Balb / c mice (male, 8 weeks old) were placed in a sealed smoke box and exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of time to induce COPD disease. Specifically, the mice were placed in a smoke box, and the COPD mouse animal model was established by nasal instillation of LPS plus fumigation of cigarettes. LPS (30μg / 6uL) was instilled through the nasal cavity on the 1st and 30th days, and the fumigation of cigarettes was adopted on the 2nd to 30th days. The mice were placed in the fumigation box, 10 cigarettes / time, 30min / time, 5 days / week, for a total of 4 weeks. After the model was established, different feeds and oils were used for group intervention for 12 weeks.

[0140] In order to confirm the improvement of the composition of the present invention on the function and nutritional status of COPD mice, the degree of immune cell infiltration was evaluated. After removing the lungs from each group of mice, H&E staining was performed on lung tissue sections and pathological analysis was performed. The degree of cell infiltration was determined as a score of 0 to 3, and the score was measured by observing the slides of each group (0-none, 1-mild, 2-moderate and 3-severe).

[0141] Results, such as Figure 2 As shown, compared with the COPD mice + low-fat basic feed + MCT / LCT group and the COPD mice + low-fat basic feed + LCT group, the COPD mice + low-fat basic feed + MLCT1 group using the combination of the present invention showed a significant decrease in cell infiltration score. It can be seen that the oil composition MLCT1 of the present invention exhibits an effect of inhibiting immune cell infiltration, and can therefore be used for nutritional support of COPD patients.

[0142] Example 8. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

[0143] Balb / c mice (male, 8 weeks old) were placed in a sealed smoke box and exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of time to induce COPD disease. Specifically, the mice were placed in a smoke box, and the COPD mouse animal model was established by nasal instillation of LPS plus fumigation of cigarettes. LPS (30μg / 6uL) was instilled through the nasal cavity on the 1st and 30th days, and the fumigation of cigarettes was adopted on the 2nd to 30th days. The mice were placed in the fumigation box, 10 cigarettes / time, 30min / time, 5 days / week, for a total of 4 weeks. After the model was established, different feeds and oils were used for group intervention for 12 weeks.

[0144] In order to confirm the effect of the composition of the present invention on the improvement of the function and nutritional status of COPD mice, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed. After sacrifice, the right lung was ligated, and the left lung bronchoalveolar lavage was performed with 1.5 mL of normal saline for 3 times, and the obtained lavage fluid was placed on ice. The alveolar lavage fluid was shaken and evenly mixed, 50 μL was taken, diluted 10 times with inflammatory cell counting fluid, and counted under a microscope with a cell counting plate. White blood cell counting fluid was added at a ratio of 1:3, the total number of white blood cells was counted with a cell counting plate, and then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, the cell sediment was taken for smear, and Wright staining was performed after drying, and cell classification was counted, and the absolute number of eosinophils was calculated. Then the ratio of each cell was calculated for inter-group comparison.

[0145] The results showed that compared with healthy mice, COPD mice had very obvious allergic inflammatory reactions, with a total white blood cell count ( Figure 3), eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes increased significantly, and the oil composition MLCT2 of the present invention can inhibit the increase of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COPD, indicating that the MLCT oil composition has a certain effect of inhibiting the infiltration of COPD inflammatory cells ( Figure 4 ).

[0146] Example 9. Analysis of energy metabolism and nutritional status

[0147] Balb / c mice (male, 8 weeks old) were placed in a sealed smoke box and exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of time to induce COPD disease. Specifically, the mice were placed in a smoke box, and the COPD mouse animal model was established by nasal instillation of LPS plus fumigation of cigarettes. LPS (30μg / 6uL) was instilled through the nasal cavity on the 1st and 30th days, and the fumigation of cigarettes was adopted on the 2nd to 30th days. The mice were placed in the fumigation box, 10 cigarettes / time, 30min / time, 5 days / week, for a total of 4 weeks. After the model was established, different feeds and oils were used for group intervention for 12 weeks, and the weight changes were recorded.

[0148] Metabolic detection experiment: After 12 weeks of feeding, a metabolic cage experiment was conducted. Each group of COPD mice and normal mice were placed in a comprehensive metabolic detection system, with free access to food and water. After 20 hours of adaptation, the activity, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange rate and heat of premature mice were monitored, and data were collected continuously for 48 hours.

[0149] from Figure 5 It can be seen that the weight of the healthy mice group continued to increase, while the COPD mice that ingested the LCT high-fat diet had a decreased appetite, significantly reduced food intake, and a downward trend in weight, which was 32% lower than that of the healthy mice group. After 12 weeks of high-fat diet intervention in both groups, the weight of the mice increased significantly compared with the LCT high-fat group (p < 0.05), and the weight gain of the mice in the MLCT3 group was higher than that of the MCT / LCT group of the raw materials of the combination.

[0150] from Figure 6 It can be seen that compared with the healthy mouse group that ingested the basic feed, the daytime and nighttime respiratory quotients of the high-fat diet groups containing LCT, the composite raw material MCT / LCT, and the composite MLCT3 were reduced to the range of 0.75-0.9, indicating that the high-fat diet mice mainly rely on fat oxidation for energy supply. Although the daytime respiratory quotients of the high-fat diet groups of the composite raw materials MCT / LCT and the composite MLCT were not significant, the respiratory quotients of COPD mice in the composite MLCT group were significantly lower than those of the composite raw materials MCT / LCT at night. This indicates that the composite raw material MCT / LCT group has an increased fat energy supply ratio at night, which can reduce the respiratory burden.

[0151] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fat composition suitable for a formula food for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized in that: In the oil composition: Medium chain fatty acids account for 10% to 60% of the total fatty acid mass, and the medium chain fatty acids include one or more of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0; In the triglyceride composition of the oil composition, medium- and long-chain triglycerides account for 30% to 90% of the total triglyceride mass; In terms of triglyceride composition, triglycerides containing one medium-chain fatty acid acyl group account for 25-80% of the total triglycerides by mass, triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups account for 5-40% of the total triglycerides by mass, and triglycerides containing three medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups account for 0-15% of the total triglycerides by mass.

2. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The triglyceride containing a medium-chain fatty acid acyl group includes at least one of MCFA-C18:1-C18:1, MCFA-C18:1-C18:2, MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 and MCFA-C18:1-C18:3, The triglyceride containing two medium-chain fatty acid acyl groups includes at least one of MCFA-MCFA-C18:1 and MCFA-MCFA-C18:

3. The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:1 in the oil composition is 0.2 to 40%. The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:2 in the oil composition is 0-40%, The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-20%, The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-20%, The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:1 in the oil composition is 0.5-50%, The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:3 to the oil composition is 0.1 to 50%.

3. The grease composition according to claim 2, characterized in that In the oil and fat composition, The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:1 in the oil composition is 0.4-30%. The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:2 in the oil composition is 0 to 30%. The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:1 in the oil composition is 1 to 40%. The mass ratio of MCFA-MCFA-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0.5-40%, The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:2-C18:3 in the oil composition is 0-10%, The mass ratio of MCFA-C18:1-C18:3 in the oil and fat composition is 0 to 15%.

4. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that In the oil composition, long-chain fatty acids account for 35% to 95% of the total fatty acids. Preferably, in the oil composition, long-chain fatty acids account for 40% to 90% of the total fatty acids by weight. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid includes one or more of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:

3.

5. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that In the oil composition, medium-chain fatty acids account for 13%-40% of the total fatty acids by weight, and in the triglyceride composition of the oil composition, medium- and long-chain triglycerides account for 35%-85% of the total triglyceride by weight; Preferably, in the oil composition, the content of saturated fatty acids excluding medium-chain fatty acids accounts for 0.5%-20% of the total fatty acid mass; Preferably, in the oil composition, the content of saturated fatty acids excluding medium-chain fatty acids accounts for 1%-15% of the total fatty acids by mass.

6. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that In the oil composition, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids accounts for 5%-70% of the total fatty acid mass, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids accounts for 5%-65% of the total fatty acid mass. Preferably, in the oil composition, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids accounts for 10%-50% of the total fatty acid mass, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids accounts for 10%-50% of the total fatty acid mass.

7. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the oil composition, C18:2n-6 accounts for 10%-40% of the total fatty acid mass, C18:3n-3 accounts for 0.5%-18% of the total fatty acid mass, and C18:1n-9 accounts for 3%-60% of the total fatty acid mass. Preferably, in the oil composition, C18:2n-6 accounts for 12%-27% of the total fatty acid mass, C18:3n-3 accounts for 1%-16% of the total fatty acid mass, and C18:1n-9 accounts for 5%-50% of the total fatty acid mass.

8. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that In terms of the fatty acid composition of the oil composition, the content of n-6 fatty acids accounts for 3%-45% of the total fatty acid mass, the content of n-3 fatty acids accounts for 0.5%-30% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids is (0.4-8):1, Preferably, in the fatty acid composition of the oil composition, the content of n-6 fatty acids accounts for 5%-40% of the total fatty acid mass, the content of n-3 fatty acids accounts for 1%-20% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids is (0.6-6):

1.

9. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the oil composition, the medium-chain fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions account for 10-50% of the total fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions, and the long-chain fatty acids at the sn-2 position account for 50-90% of the total fatty acids at the sn-2 position.

10. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the oil composition, the medium-chain fatty acid source includes one or more of MCT edible oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or oils extracted from these oils.

11. The grease composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the oil composition, the source of long-chain fatty acids includes one or more of soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, linseed oil, olive oil, safflower oil, walnut oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, algae oil, or the oils and fats extracted from them.

12. A method for preparing the grease composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The oil derived from medium-chain triglycerides and the oil derived from long-chain triglycerides are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-19), and lipase is added in a solvent-free system at a mass ratio of 1-20% of the reaction substrate, and the temperature is 25-70° C. to carry out ester exchange reaction for 1-12 hours.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The oils and fats derived from the medium-chain triglycerides include one or more of MCT edible oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or oils and fats extracted from these oils and fats; The oils and fats derived from the long-chain fatty acids include one or more of soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, linseed oil, olive oil, safflower oil, walnut oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, algae oil, or oils and fats extracted from these oils and fats.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The medium-chain triglyceride comprises, based on the weight proportion of the reaction raw materials, 5% to 100% of tricaprylin, 0% to 95% of 1,2-octanoic-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 0% to 95% of 1-octanoic-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride and 0.1% to 95% of tricaprin; Preferably, the medium-chain triglyceride comprises, based on the weight proportion of the reaction raw materials, 10% to 100% of tricaprylin, 0% to 90% of 1,2-octanoic-3-decanoic acid triglyceride, 0% to 90% of 1-octanoic-2,3-decanoic acid triglyceride and 1% to 90% of tricaprin.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that: The long-chain fatty acids include, based on the weight ratio of the reaction raw materials, 10-60% medium-chain triglycerides, 0.1-30% camellia seed oil, 0.1-30% olive oil, 1-30% palm oil, and 0-30% fish oil; Or, 10-60% medium chain triglycerides, 2-30% camellia oil, 2-30% sunflower oil, 0.1-20% palm oil, 0.1-20% linseed oil, 0.1-30% algae oil; Or, 10-60% medium chain triglycerides, 10-80% rapeseed oil, 0.01-30% linseed oil, 1-50% soybean oil.

16. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The lipase is a lipase based on Candida antarctica and an immobilized lipase, including but not limited to one or more of the immobilized enzymes NS 40086, Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM, Lipozyme 435, and Novozym 435.

17. Use of the oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in preparing a product suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

18. A food comprising the fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the fat composition prepared by the method according to any one of claims 12 to 16.

19. A special medical formula food suitable for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comprising the oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the oil composition prepared by the method according to any one of claims 12 to 16.

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