Preparation method of green veterinary drug feed additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a green veterinary drug feed additive, and relates to the technical field of feed additives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of plants, Chinese herbal medicines, probiotics and prebiotics, mixing and stirring of various raw materials, granulation of mixed materials, and quality detection of produced particles. The feed additive has the advantages that the additive is extracted by taking natural plants as important raw materials, and the green additive contains beneficial components such as probiotics, Chinese herbal medicine extracts and enzyme preparations, so that the micro-ecological balance in animal bodies can be regulated, the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria can be promoted, the infection of harmful bacteria can be inhibited, the immune function of animals can be further enhanced, and the feed additive can be used for treating animal diseases. And the green additive can improve the digestion and absorption rate of the animal to the feed and reduce the content of undigested nutrient substances in the excrement, so that the discharge amount of the excrement and the pollution of wastes to the environment are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a method for preparing a green veterinary feed additive. Background Art

[0002] In order to ensure food safety and ecological environment, governments of various countries have introduced relevant policies to restrict or prohibit the use of certain feed additives that are harmful to human health and the environment, and encourage the development and use of green and safe feed additives. The continuous progress of science and technology such as biotechnology, fermentation technology, and extraction technology has provided technical support for the development and production of green veterinary feed additives. For example, microbial fermentation technology can be used to produce green feed additives such as probiotics and enzyme preparations; extraction technology can be used to extract biologically active ingredients from natural plants for the production of Chinese herbal feed additives;

[0003] With the rapid development of modern animal husbandry, the importance of food safety and animal health is increasing day by day. While traditional veterinary drugs and feed additives bring certain benefits, they also expose many problems. Antibiotics, hormones and other chemical synthetic drugs are widely used in feed additives. After long-term intake by animals, these drug components will remain in their bodies. Long-term and large-scale use of antibiotic feed additives will gradually cause drug resistance in the bacteria in the animals and potential harm to the environment. For this reason, we propose a preparation method for green veterinary feed additives. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive.

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive, comprising pretreatment of plants, Chinese herbal medicines, probiotics and prebiotics, mixing and stirring various raw materials, granulating the mixed materials, and quality inspection of the granules after production. The specific operation steps of the method for preparing the green veterinary medicine feed additive are as follows;

[0006] Step 1: pre-treating the plant raw materials, washing and chopping the collected natural plants, and extracting the treated plant raw materials using a supercritical fluid extraction method in an extraction kettle to obtain effective plant raw materials;

[0007] Step 2: Processing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, screening the Chinese herbal medicines, removing impurities and moldy parts, washing and drying the screened Chinese herbal medicines, and obtaining effective Chinese herbal medicine raw materials after processing and extraction of the dried Chinese herbal medicines;

[0008] Step 3: Processing the probiotic raw materials: inoculating the strain into a suitable liquid culture medium to multiply it in large quantities, centrifuging the culture solution to collect the bacterial cells, washing the bacterial cells with a buffer solution, and freeze-drying the bacterial cells to prepare a powdered probiotic preparation;

[0009] Step 4: Processing of prebiotic raw materials: washing and crushing the collected plant tubers or roots, extracting the solution through microwave-assisted extraction, adsorbing the extracted solution with ion exchange resin, and eluting the resin to finally obtain a high-quality prebiotic eluate;

[0010] Step 5: Preliminary mixing of the pretreated raw materials according to the proportion. After the preliminary mixing, in order to further improve the uniformity of the mixing, secondary mixing is performed. The secondary mixing can appropriately extend the mixing time or adjust the speed of the mixer to make the raw materials mixed more uniformly;

[0011] Step 6: Add an appropriate amount of binder to the mixed raw materials to make a soft material with a certain plasticity, and make the soft material into granules through a granulator. The granulated granules are dried by hot air to make the moisture content of the granules reach a suitable range, and the obtained dry granules are sampled for testing;

[0012] Step 7: Determine the content of active ingredients in the selected samples to ensure that the impurity content in the selected samples is within a safe range, and evaluate the stability of the samples through accelerated stability tests and long-term stability tests;

[0013] Step 8. Select appropriate packaging materials according to the properties of qualified veterinary feed additives, and clearly mark the product name, ingredients, content, usage, shelf life and production date on the packaging, while complying with relevant regulations on veterinary feed additives.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 1, the plants are washed to remove dirt and impurities on the surface, and dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 3h-4h. The dried plants are sent to a pulverizer for crushing, and the plant raw materials are crushed to 40 mesh-80 mesh. The pretreated plant raw materials are placed in an extraction kettle, and a supercritical fluid is injected into the extraction kettle. The supercritical fluid uses supercritical carbon dioxide, and the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 30°C-40°C, the pressure is controlled at 10MPa-20MPa, and the extraction time is controlled at 1h-2h. Supercritical carbon dioxide can dissolve plant essential oil components, and the supercritical carbon dioxide that has dissolved the plant essential oil enters the separation kettle from the extraction kettle. The pressure of the separation kettle is controlled at 3MPa-5MPa, and the solubility of the essential oil in carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, so that the plant essential oil can be extracted.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 2, the dirt and impurities on the surface of the picked Chinese herbal medicine are washed off, and the herbal medicine is dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 20h-30h, the water content in the herbal medicine is controlled at 10%-15%, the dried herbal medicine is cut into thin slices of about 2mm-4mm, the refined honey is diluted with boiling water, the thin slices are added and mixed evenly, and the herbal slices soaked in honey are placed in a frying container after being soaked for 2h-4h, heated with a slow fire, and the thin slices are continuously stir-fried until they are not sticky, the raw materials are crushed into 40-80 mesh and put into an extraction kettle, the supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide, the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 30°C-40°C, the pressure is controlled at 10MPa-20MPa, the extraction time is controlled at 2h-3h, the supercritical carbon dioxide that dissolves the herbal extract can enter the separation kettle from the extraction kettle to separate the extract, the pressure of the separation kettle is controlled at 3MPa-5MPa, the solubility of the extract in carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and the herbal extract can be obtained.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: in the step 3, the carbon source in the culture medium is selected from easily decomposable monosaccharides, the nitrogen source is selected from tryptone, and bifidus factor is added as a growth factor, which is added to distilled water, fully stirred and heated to boiling to ensure that all components are completely dissolved, and the dissolved culture medium is divided into culture dishes, and the culture dishes are placed in a sterilization box at 110°C-120°C for sterilization for 15min-20min, and the sterilized culture medium is placed in a sterile environment for cooling, and the initial pH value of the treated culture dishes is maintained at 7.0-7.5, and the probiotic strains are inoculated into the treated culture dishes, and the culture temperature is controlled at 35°C-45°C, and the culture is carried out under anaerobic conditions. After the culture is completed, the fermentation The liquid is poured into a centrifuge, the centrifugal speed is controlled at 3000r / min-5000r / min, the temperature is set at 4℃-10℃, and the centrifugal time is set at 10min-30min. After the centrifugation, the probiotic bacteria will settle at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Use a pipette to suck out the supernatant, leaving the bacterial sediment, and resuspend the bacteria with a buffer solution. The buffer solution is phosphate, and the centrifugation is repeated 1-2 times. The bacteria are washed to remove the residual fermentation liquid components, and the collected bacteria are placed in a low temperature environment of -40℃--50℃ for pre-freezing, and the pre-frozen bacteria are placed in a vacuum dryer, and dried in a low pressure environment of 0.00001MPa-0.0001MPa to obtain bacterial powder.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: in the step 4, the plant containing prebiotics is cleaned to remove soil and impurities on the surface, and dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 20h-30h, the water content in the plant is controlled to 10%-15%, the dried plant is sent to a grinder for crushing, the plant raw material is crushed to 40 mesh-80 mesh, the pretreated raw material is placed in an extraction bottle, an extraction solvent is added, the extraction solvent is selected from ethanol with a concentration of 60%-70%, the ratio of solvent to raw material is 5-10:1, the extraction bottle is placed in a microwave device, the microwave power is 100W-1000W, the microwave extraction time is 5min-15min, the extraction temperature is controlled at 40°C-80°C, after the microwave extraction is completed, the extract is filtered to remove solid residues to obtain a clarified extract, the prebiotics in the extract are adsorbed on the resin surface by ion exchange resin adsorption, the resin surface is repeatedly rinsed with an eluent, and the eluent is selected from sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L-2mo l / L, the flow rate during elution is controlled at 0.5mL / min-3mL / min, the prebiotics are eluted from the resin to obtain a prebiotic eluate.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step five, the pretreated raw materials are added to a stirring mixer, the speed of the stirring shaft is controlled at 20r / min-40r / min for the initial mixing, and the stirring is carried out for 20min-30min. After the initial stirring, the mixed raw materials are added to a double-helix conical mixer for secondary mixing, the speed of the spiral shaft is set at 40r / min-60r / min, and the mixing is carried out for 40min-50min. The equipment needs to be thoroughly cleaned each time mixing is performed, and it needs to be dried after cleaning to obtain a uniformly mixed material.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step six, the mixed material is granulated by a wet method, gelatin is selected as the binder, and the amount of the binder is 10%-30% of the total amount of the material. The mixed material is placed in a blender, and the prepared adhesive is slowly added and stirred at the same time to form a soft material. The quality of the soft material can be judged by whether it can be formed into a ball by hand and dispersed by light pressure. The soft material is added to a swing granulator for granulation, and the screen in the swing machine is selected to be 8-10 mesh. The produced particles are added to a vacuum drying oven for drying. The temperature in the vacuum drying oven is set at 30°C-40°C, and the vacuum degree is set at -0.08MPa--0.09MPa. The process is 5h-10h. After drying, the moisture content of the treated material is 1%-3%. The material is allowed to cool naturally in a vacuum environment, and the vacuum is slowly released to take out the dried material.

[0020] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step seven, the dried veterinary feed additive is sampled, the appearance inspection mainly observes the color, shape, smell and texture of the veterinary feed additive, the sieving method is used to detect the particle size of the veterinary feed additive, the high performance liquid chromatography is used to detect the antibiotic content in the veterinary feed additive, the atomic absorption spectrometry is used to detect the mineral element content in the veterinary feed additive, the atomic absorption spectrometry can simultaneously detect multiple heavy metal elements, and the chromatography-mass spectrometry technology can accurately detect pesticide residues and mycotoxins.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: in the step eight, a weighing and packaging integrated machine is used to accurately weigh the veterinary feed additives, and the packaging operation is completed at the same time to ensure that the weight of each package of the product is accurate and consistent. A vacuum packaging method of filling with an inert gas is adopted, and the inert gas is nitrogen. The packaging material is a plastic composite packaging material with an aluminum layer, which has good gas barrier properties. This can prevent external oxygen from entering the interior of the package, creating a relatively stable anaerobic or low-oxygen environment for live bacteria.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The present invention extracts additives from natural plants as important raw materials. Green additives contain beneficial ingredients, such as probiotics, Chinese herbal extracts, enzyme preparations, etc., which can regulate the microecological balance in animals, promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria, inhibit the infection of harmful bacteria, and thus enhance the immune function of animals, making animals more resistant to disease invasion, reducing the incidence rate, and reducing the death of livestock and poultry. Green additives can improve the digestion and absorption rate of feed by animals, reduce the content of undigested nutrients in feces, thereby reducing the discharge of feces and the pollution of waste to the environment. At the same time, some additives can also regulate the intestinal flora of animals, reduce the production of harmful gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, and improve the breeding environment. Chinese herbal medicines and plant essential oils not only have multiple biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant, but also avoid the side effects of traditional additives.

[0024] 2. The present invention improves the purity and activity of plant extracts by adopting advanced extraction technology, supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. The microwave extraction time is short, and microwaves can effectively destroy plant cell walls and cell membranes, so that prebiotics are more fully dissolved, and a higher extraction rate can be obtained. The energy utilization rate of the equipment is high, and the energy consumed is relatively small. Moreover, the volatilization and waste of the solvent are reduced in a shorter extraction time, which meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. The supercritical fluid extraction process is carried out under relatively mild temperature and pressure conditions, avoiding the destruction of plant active ingredients by high temperature. The heat-sensitive components in many plants are easily inactivated under conventional extraction methods, while supercritical fluid extraction can well maintain the activity of these components. At the same time, the purity of supercritical carbon dioxide is high, and other impurities will not be introduced during the extraction process, thereby reducing the interference of impurities on the active ingredients, which is conducive to maintaining the original activity of the plant extract. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation steps of the veterinary feed additive in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0027] The invention discloses a method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive, comprising pretreatment of plants, Chinese herbal medicines, probiotics and prebiotics, mixing and stirring various raw materials, granulating the mixed materials, and testing the quality of the granules after production. The specific operation steps of the method for preparing the green veterinary medicine feed additive are as follows:

[0028] Step 1: pre-treating the plant raw materials, washing and chopping the collected natural plants, and extracting the treated plant raw materials using a supercritical fluid extraction method in an extraction kettle to obtain effective plant raw materials;

[0029] Step 2: Processing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, screening the Chinese herbal medicines, removing impurities and moldy parts, washing and drying the screened Chinese herbal medicines, and obtaining effective Chinese herbal medicine raw materials after processing and extraction of the dried Chinese herbal medicines;

[0030] Step 3: Processing the probiotic raw materials: inoculating the strain into a suitable liquid culture medium to multiply it in large quantities, centrifuging the culture solution to collect the bacterial cells, washing the bacterial cells with a buffer solution, and freeze-drying the bacterial cells to prepare a powdered probiotic preparation;

[0031] Step 4: Processing of prebiotic raw materials: washing and crushing the collected plant tubers or roots, extracting the solution through microwave-assisted extraction, adsorbing the extracted solution with ion exchange resin, and eluting the resin to finally obtain a high-quality prebiotic eluate;

[0032] Step 5: Preliminary mixing of the pretreated raw materials according to the proportion. After the preliminary mixing, in order to further improve the uniformity of the mixing, secondary mixing is performed. The secondary mixing can appropriately extend the mixing time or adjust the speed of the mixer to make the raw materials mixed more uniformly;

[0033] Step 6: Add an appropriate amount of binder to the mixed raw materials to make a soft material with a certain plasticity, and make the soft material into granules through a granulator. The granulated granules are dried by hot air to make the moisture content of the granules reach a suitable range, and the obtained dry granules are sampled for testing;

[0034] Step 7: Determine the content of active ingredients in the selected samples to ensure that the impurity content in the selected samples is within a safe range, and evaluate the stability of the samples through accelerated stability tests and long-term stability tests;

[0035] Step 8. Select appropriate packaging materials according to the properties of qualified veterinary feed additives, and clearly mark the product name, ingredients, content, usage, shelf life and production date on the packaging, while complying with relevant regulations on veterinary feed additives.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step one, the plant is washed to remove dirt and impurities on the surface, and dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 3h-4h. The dried plant is sent to a pulverizer for crushing, and the plant material is crushed to 40 mesh-80 mesh. The pretreated plant material is placed in an extraction kettle, and a supercritical fluid is injected into the extraction kettle. The supercritical fluid uses supercritical carbon dioxide, and the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 30°C-40°C, the pressure is controlled at 10MPa-20MPa, and the extraction time is controlled at 1h-2h. Supercritical carbon dioxide can dissolve plant essential oil components, and the supercritical carbon dioxide that has dissolved the plant essential oil enters the separation kettle from the extraction kettle. The pressure of the separation kettle is controlled at 3MPa-5MPa, and the solubility of the essential oil in carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, so that essential oils with high quality, pure aroma and more natural ingredients can be extracted.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 2, the dirt and impurities on the surface of the picked Chinese herbal medicine are washed off, and the herbal medicine is dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 20h-30h, the water content in the herbal medicine is controlled at 10%-15%, the dried herbal medicine is cut into thin slices of about 2mm-4mm, the refined honey is diluted with boiling water, the thin slices are added and mixed evenly, and the thin slices of the herbal medicine soaked in honey are placed in a frying container after being simmered for 2h-4h, heated with a slow fire, and the thin slices are continuously stir-fried until they are not sticky, the raw materials are crushed into 40-80 mesh and put into an extraction kettle, the supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide, the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 30°C-40°C, the pressure is controlled at 10MPa-20MPa, the extraction time is controlled at 2h-3h, and the supercritical carbon dioxide that dissolves the Chinese herbal medicine extract can enter the separation kettle from the extraction kettle to separate the extract, the pressure of the separation kettle is controlled at 3MPa-5MPa, the solubility of the extract in carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and a high-purity extract can be obtained.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 3, the carbon source in the culture medium is selected from easily decomposable monosaccharides, the nitrogen source is selected from tryptone, and bifidus factor is added as a growth factor, which is added to distilled water, fully stirred and heated to boiling to ensure that all components are completely dissolved, and the dissolved culture medium is divided into culture dishes, and the culture dishes are placed in a sterilization box at 110°C-120°C for sterilization for 15min-20min, and the sterilized culture medium is placed in a sterile environment for cooling, and the initial pH value of the treated culture dish is maintained at 7.0-7.5, and the probiotic strain is inoculated into the treated culture dish, and the culture temperature is controlled at 35°C-45°C, and the culture is carried out under anaerobic conditions. After the culture is completed, the fermentation The liquid is poured into a centrifuge, the centrifugal speed is controlled at 3000r / min-5000r / min, the temperature is set at 4℃-10℃, and the centrifugal time is set at 10min-30min. After the centrifugation, the probiotic bacteria will settle at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Use a pipette to suck out the supernatant, leaving the bacterial sediment, and resuspend the bacteria with a buffer solution. The buffer solution is phosphate, and the centrifugation is repeated 1-2 times. The bacteria are washed to remove the residual fermentation liquid components, and the collected bacteria are placed in a low temperature environment of -40℃--50℃ for pre-freezing, and the pre-frozen bacteria are placed in a vacuum dryer, and dried in a low pressure environment of 0.00001MPa-0.0001MPa to obtain bacterial powder.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 4, the plant containing prebiotics is cleaned to remove soil and impurities on the surface, and dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 20h-30h, the water content in the plant is controlled to 10%-15%, the dried plant is sent to a grinder for crushing, the plant raw material is crushed to 40 mesh-80 mesh, the pretreated raw material is placed in an extraction bottle, an extraction solvent is added, the extraction solvent is selected from 60%-70% ethanol, the ratio of solvent to raw material is 5-10:1, the extraction bottle is placed in a microwave device, the microwave power is 100W-1000W, the microwave extraction time is 5min-15min, the extraction temperature is controlled at 40°C-80°C, after the microwave extraction is completed, the extract is filtered to remove solid residues to obtain a clarified extract, the prebiotics in the extract are adsorbed on the resin surface by ion exchange resin adsorption, the resin surface is repeatedly rinsed with an eluent, and the eluent is selected from sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L-2mol l / L, the flow rate during elution is controlled at 0.5mL / min-3mL / min, the prebiotics are eluted from the resin, and finally a high-quality prebiotic eluate is obtained.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step five, the pretreated raw materials are added to a stirring mixer, the speed of the stirring shaft is controlled at 20r / min-40r / min for the initial mixing, and the stirring is carried out for 20min-30min. After the initial stirring, the mixed raw materials are added to a double-helix conical mixer for secondary mixing, the speed of the spiral shaft is set at 40r / min-60r / min, and the mixing is carried out for 40min-50min. The equipment needs to be thoroughly cleaned each time mixing is performed, and drying treatment is required after cleaning to prevent residual moisture from affecting the quality of the additives, so as to obtain a uniformly mixed material.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step six, the mixed material is granulated by a wet method, gelatin is selected as the binder, and the amount of the binder is 10%-30% of the total amount of the material. The mixed material is placed in a blender, and the prepared adhesive is slowly added and stirred at the same time to form a soft material with a certain plasticity. The quality of the soft material can be judged by whether it can be formed into a ball by hand and dispersed by light pressure. The soft material is added to a swing granulator for granulation, and the screen in the swing machine is selected to be 8-10 mesh. The produced particles are added to a vacuum drying oven for drying. The temperature in the vacuum drying oven is set at 30°C-40°C, and the vacuum degree is set at -0.08MPa--0.09MPa. The process is 5h-10h. After drying, the moisture content of the treated material is 1%-3%. The material is allowed to cool naturally in a vacuum environment, and the vacuum is slowly released to take out the dried material.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step seven, the dried veterinary feed additive is sampled, and the appearance inspection mainly observes the color, shape, smell and texture of the veterinary feed additive. The particle size of the veterinary feed additive is detected by screening method, and the antibiotic content in the veterinary feed additive is detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The content of mineral elements in the veterinary feed additive is detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy can detect multiple heavy metal elements at the same time with high sensitivity and accuracy. Chromatography-mass spectrometry can accurately detect pesticide residues and mycotoxins.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step eight, a weighing and packaging integrated machine is used to accurately weigh the veterinary drug feed additive, and the packaging operation is completed at the same time to ensure that the weight of each package of the product is accurate and consistent. A vacuum packaging method of filling with an inert gas is adopted, and the inert gas is nitrogen. The packaging material is a plastic composite packaging material with an aluminum layer, which has good gas barrier properties. This can prevent external oxygen from entering the interior of the package, create a relatively stable anaerobic or low-oxygen environment for the live bacteria, and prolong the survival time of the live bacteria.

[0044] Embodiment 1, select alfalfa as plant raw material, place the cleaned alfalfa in a drying oven at 40 ℃ and dry for 3h, control the moisture content of alfalfa to 5%, and before extraction, grind the dried alfalfa by a pulverizer, grind the alfalfa to 50 mesh, and enable supercritical carbon dioxide to evenly penetrate the material during the extraction process, optimize the extraction conditions, control the temperature in the extraction kettle at 40 ℃, control the pressure at 20PMa, extract for 2h, set the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide at 2kg / h, while ensuring the extraction efficiency, the quality and yield of the extract reach a good balance, after supercritical fluid extraction, the supercritical fluid and the extract flow into a separation kettle, the pressure in the separation kettle is set to 3MPa, and the temperature is set to 45 ℃, by reducing the pressure and increasing the temperature, the carbon dioxide is converted from a supercritical state to a gaseous state, and the separation of the two can be effectively achieved to obtain alfalfa extract with higher purity.

[0045] Embodiment 2, select astragalus as Chinese herbal medicine raw material, place the cleaned astragalus in a drying oven at 50 ℃ and dry for 20 hours, control the water content in the astragalus at 10%, cut the dried astragalus into 2mm slices, use a professional slicer to ensure the uniform thickness of the slices, 100kg of astragalus needs to use 30kg of refined honey, and 0.5kg of clean water needs to be added for dilution for every 1kg of refined honey. The diluted refined honey is added to the astragalus slices and mixed well, and it is simmered for 2 hours to make the refined honey evenly penetrate into all parts of the astragalus. The astragalus moistened with honey is placed in a frying container and continuously stir-fried with a slow fire. When the surface of the astragalus is dark yellow and does not stick to the hands, the honey-roasted astragalus is successfully processed. Use a pulverizer to crush the processed astragalus to 40 meshes, and then use a supercritical fluid to extract it again through an extraction kettle. The extraction is carried out, the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 40°C, and the pressure is set at 20MPa. Since carbon dioxide is a non-polar solvent, its solubility for the polar component astragalus polysaccharide is limited. An entrainer is needed in the extraction process to improve the extraction effect. The entrainer is ethanol, and the addition amount is 10% of the supercritical carbon dioxide. Ethanol and carbon dioxide form a mixed solvent, which changes the polarity of the supercritical fluid and enhances its solubility for polar components. After 2 hours of extraction, the mixed solvent dissolved in the astragalus extract enters the separation kettle for separation. The pressure in the separation kettle is set to 3MPa and the temperature is set to 45°C. The astragalus extract is separated and collected. The boiling point of the ethanol solvent is reduced pressure evaporation to reduce the boiling point of the ethanol solvent, which can evaporate the ethanol solvent quickly at a lower temperature to obtain a high-purity astragalus extract.

[0046] Example 3: Composition and dosage of culture medium, 5.0 g of soy peptone, 5.0 g of tryptone, 10.0 g of yeast extract, 10.0 g of glucose, 40.0 mL of saline solution, 0.5 g of L-cysteine, 1.0 mL of 0.1% resazurin and 1.0 L of distilled water, wherein the specific components of the saline solution are: 0.2 g of calcium chloride, 0.48 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.0 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.0 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10.0 g of sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 g of sodium chloride and 1.0 g of distilled water, the pH of the saline solution is 6.5, the pH of the mixed culture medium is adjusted to 7.0, bifidobacterium is used as a probiotic strain, and after inoculation, the culture temperature is 40 ° C., continuous culture is carried out under anaerobic conditions, and during the fermentation process In the process, fresh culture medium is continuously added to the fermentation tank, and the fermentation liquid containing metabolites and part of the bacteria is discharged at the same time, so that the number of bacteria in the fermentation tank is maintained in a relatively stable state, and a higher yield can be obtained in a short period of time. The obtained fermentation liquid is separated by a centrifuge, and the centrifugal speed is set to 3000r / min, the temperature is set to 4°C, and the centrifugal time is set to 10min, so that the bifidobacterium bacteria can be precipitated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. The residual fermentation liquid components can be removed by washing the bifidobacterium bacteria with phosphate. The obtained bifidobacterium bacteria are placed in a low temperature environment of -40°C for pre-freezing, and dried in a vacuum dryer under a low pressure environment of 0.0001MPa to obtain bifidobacterium bacteria powder.

[0047] Embodiment 4, thistle root is selected as oligofructose raw material, thistle root is washed and placed in a drying oven at 40 ℃ for 20 hours, the water content in thistle root is controlled at 10%, thistle root is crushed to 60 mesh by a pulverizer, thistle root powder and 60% ethanol are put into an extraction bottle, the amount of ethanol is 5 times that of thistle root powder, the extraction bottle is put into a microwave device, the microwave power is set to 400W, the extraction temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, the extraction time is set to 10min, after the microwave is finished, the extraction bottle is taken out to filter the extract to remove solid residue, the obtained clarified extract is adsorbed with ion exchange resin for oligofructose, the temperature during adsorption is set to 40 ℃, the pH is set to 6, the oligofructose in the extract can be adsorbed on the surface of the anion exchange resin, when the oligofructose is adsorbed on the ion exchange resin, it is necessary to use a concentration of 1mo l / L sodium chloride solution is used to elute it from the resin. The flow rate during elution is controlled at 0.5mL / min, which can efficiently elute oligofructose to obtain a high-quality oligofructose solution. The eluted oligofructose solution is concentrated and dried to remove the moisture and eluent therein to obtain a high-purity oligofructose product.

[0048] As attached Figure 1As shown, additives are extracted from natural plants as the main raw materials. Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts not only have multiple biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant, but also can avoid the side effects of traditional additives. Advanced extraction technologies, such as supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, are used to improve the purity and activity of plant extracts. Through scientific and reasonable formula design and process optimization, the stability and effectiveness of additives are ensured. Green and safe production standards are strictly followed. Animal experiments are conducted to evaluate their positive effects on animal production performance, immunity, and intestinal health, and compared with traditional additives to highlight their advantages. Actively promote the application of green veterinary feed additives, strengthen cooperation with animal husbandry enterprises and farmers, carry out technical training and publicity activities, increase public awareness and acceptance of them, and contribute to the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0051] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replacements in similar ways by technicians in the technical field shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a green veterinary feed additive, comprising pretreatment of plants, Chinese herbal medicines, probiotics and prebiotics, mixing and stirring various raw materials, granulating the mixed materials, and quality testing of the granules after production, characterized in that: The specific steps of the preparation method of the green veterinary feed additive are as follows: Step 1: pre-treating the plant raw materials, washing and chopping the collected natural plants, and extracting the treated plant raw materials using a supercritical fluid extraction method in an extraction kettle to obtain effective plant raw materials; Step 2: Processing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, screening the Chinese herbal medicines, removing impurities and moldy parts, washing and drying the screened Chinese herbal medicines, and obtaining effective Chinese herbal medicine raw materials after processing and extraction of the dried Chinese herbal medicines; Step 3: Processing the probiotic raw materials: inoculating the strain into a suitable liquid culture medium to multiply it in large quantities, centrifuging the culture solution to collect the bacterial cells, washing the bacterial cells with a buffer solution, and freeze-drying the bacterial cells to prepare a powdered probiotic preparation; Step 4: Processing of prebiotic raw materials: washing and crushing the collected plant tubers or roots, extracting the solution through microwave-assisted extraction, adsorbing the extracted solution on ion exchange resin, and eluting the resin to finally obtain a high-quality prebiotic eluate; Step 5: Preliminary mixing of the pretreated raw materials according to the proportion. After the preliminary mixing, in order to further improve the uniformity of the mixing, secondary mixing is performed. The secondary mixing can appropriately extend the mixing time or adjust the speed of the mixer to make the raw materials more evenly mixed; Step 6: Add an appropriate amount of binder to the mixed raw materials to make a soft material with a certain plasticity, and make the soft material into granules through a granulator. The granulated granules are dried by hot air to make the moisture content of the granules reach a suitable range, and the obtained dry granules are sampled for testing; Step 7: Determine the content of active ingredients in the selected samples to ensure that the impurity content in the selected samples is within a safe range, and evaluate the stability of the samples through accelerated stability tests and long-term stability tests; Step 8. Select appropriate packaging materials according to the properties of qualified veterinary feed additives, and clearly mark the product name, ingredients, content, usage, shelf life and production date on the packaging, while complying with relevant regulations on veterinary feed additives.

2. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the plants are washed to remove dirt and impurities on the surface, and dried in a drying oven at 30° C.-50° C. for 3 h-4 h. The dried plants are sent to a pulverizer for crushing, and the plant raw materials are crushed to 40 meshes-80 meshes. The pretreated plant raw materials are placed in an extraction kettle, and a supercritical fluid is injected into the extraction kettle. The supercritical fluid uses supercritical carbon dioxide, and the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 30° C.-40° C., the pressure is controlled at 10 MPa-20 MPa, and the extraction time is controlled at 1 h-2 h. The supercritical carbon dioxide can dissolve the plant essential oil components. The supercritical carbon dioxide that has dissolved the plant essential oil enters the separation kettle from the extraction kettle, and the pressure of the separation kettle is controlled at 3 MPa-5 MPa. The solubility of the essential oil in carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and the plant essential oil can be extracted.

3. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the dirt and impurities on the surface of the picked Chinese herbal medicine are washed off, and the Chinese herbal medicine is dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 20h-30h, the water content in the Chinese herbal medicine is controlled to be 10%-15%, the dried Chinese herbal medicine is cut into thin slices of about 2mm-4mm, the refined honey is diluted with boiling water, the thin slices are added and mixed evenly, and the Chinese herbal medicine slices soaked in honey are placed in a frying container after being soaked for 2h-4h, heated with a slow fire, and the thin slices are continuously stir-fried until they are not sticky, the raw materials are crushed into 40-80 mesh and put into an extraction kettle, the supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide, the temperature in the extraction kettle is controlled at 30°C-40°C, the pressure is controlled at 10MPa-20MPa, the extraction time is controlled at 2h-3h, the supercritical carbon dioxide that dissolves the Chinese herbal medicine extract can enter the separation kettle from the extraction kettle to separate the extract, the pressure of the separation kettle is controlled at 3MPa-5MPa, the solubility of the extract in carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and the Chinese herbal medicine extract can be obtained.

4. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the carbon source in the culture medium is selected from easily decomposable monosaccharides, the nitrogen source is selected from tryptone, and bifidus factor is added as a growth factor, which is added to distilled water, fully stirred and heated to boiling to ensure that all components are completely dissolved, and the dissolved culture medium is divided into culture dishes, and the culture dishes are placed in a sterilization box at 110°C-120°C for sterilization for 15min-20min, and the sterilized culture medium is placed in a sterile environment for cooling, and the initial pH value of the treated culture dishes is maintained at 7.0-7.5, and the probiotic strains are inoculated into the treated culture dishes, and the culture temperature is controlled at 35°C-45°C, and the culture is carried out under anaerobic conditions. After the culture is completed, the fermentation liquid is poured into a centrifuge The centrifugal speed is controlled at 3000r / min-5000r / min, the temperature is set at 4℃-10℃, and the centrifugal time is set at 10min-30min. After the centrifugation, the probiotic bacteria will settle at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Use a pipette to suck out the supernatant, leaving the bacterial sediment, and resuspend the bacteria with buffer. The buffer is phosphate, and the centrifugation is repeated 1-2 times. The bacteria are washed to remove the residual fermentation liquid components, and the collected bacteria are placed in a low temperature environment of -40℃--50℃ for pre-freezing. The pre-frozen bacteria are placed in a vacuum dryer and dried in a low pressure environment of 0.00001MPa-0.0001MPa to obtain bacterial powder.

5. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fourth step, the plants containing prebiotics are cleaned to remove soil and impurities on the surface, and dried in a drying oven at 30°C-50°C for 20h-30h, and the water content in the plants is controlled at 10%-15%. The dried plants are sent to a grinder for crushing, and the plant raw materials are crushed to 40 mesh-80 mesh. The pretreated raw materials are placed in an extraction bottle, and an extraction solvent is added. The extraction solvent is selected from ethanol with a concentration of 60%-70%, and the ratio of the solvent to the raw material is 5-10:

1. The extraction bottle is placed in a microwave device, and the microwave power is 100W-1000W. W, the microwave extraction time is 5min-15min, the extraction temperature is controlled at 40℃-80℃, after the microwave extraction is completed, the extract is filtered to remove solid residue to obtain a clarified extract, and an ion exchange resin is used for adsorption so that the prebiotics in the extract are adsorbed on the resin surface, and the resin surface is repeatedly rinsed with an eluent, and the eluent is a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L-2mol / L. The flow rate during elution is controlled at 0.5mL / min-3mL / min to elute the prebiotics from the resin to obtain a prebiotic eluent.

6. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, the pretreated raw materials are added to the stirring mixer, the speed of the stirring shaft is controlled at 20r / min-40r / min for the initial mixing, and the stirring is carried out for 20min-30min. After the initial stirring, the mixed raw materials are added to the double-helix conical mixer for secondary mixing, the speed of the spiral shaft is set at 40r / min-60r / min, and the mixing is carried out for 40min-50min. The equipment needs to be thoroughly cleaned each time mixing is performed, and drying treatment is required after cleaning to obtain a uniformly mixed material.

7. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step six, the mixed material is granulated by a wet method, gelatin is selected as a binder, and the amount of the binder is 10%-30% of the total amount of the material. The mixed material is put into a blender, and the prepared adhesive is slowly added and stirred at the same time to form a soft material. The quality of the soft material can be judged by whether it can be formed into a ball by hand and dispersed by light pressure. The soft material is added to a swing granulator for granulation, and the screen in the swing machine is selected to be 8-10 mesh. The produced particles are added to a vacuum drying oven for drying. The temperature in the vacuum drying oven is set at 30°C-40°C, and the vacuum degree is set at -0.08MPa--0.09MPa. The treatment is carried out for 5h-10h. After drying, the moisture content of the treated material is 1%-3%. The material is allowed to cool naturally in a vacuum environment, and the vacuum is slowly released to take out the dried material.

8. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step seven, the dried veterinary feed additive is sampled, and the appearance inspection mainly observes the color, shape, smell and texture of the veterinary feed additive. The sieving method is used to detect the particle size of the veterinary feed additive. The high performance liquid chromatography method is used to detect the antibiotic content in the veterinary feed additive. The atomic absorption spectrometry method is used to detect the mineral element content in the veterinary feed additive. The atomic absorption spectrometry method can simultaneously detect multiple heavy metal elements, and the chromatography-mass spectrometry method can accurately detect pesticide residues and mycotoxins.

9. The method for preparing a green veterinary medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step eight, a weighing and packaging integrated machine is used to accurately weigh the veterinary drug and feed additive, and the packaging operation is completed at the same time to ensure that the weight of each package of the product is accurate and consistent. A vacuum packaging method of filling with an inert gas is adopted, and nitrogen is used as the inert gas. The packaging material is a plastic composite packaging material with an aluminum layer. This can prevent external oxygen from entering the interior of the package, creating a relatively stable anaerobic or low-oxygen environment for the live bacteria.

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