Feed for improving milk yield and quality of camels and feeding method matched with feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry breeding. The invention provides a feed for improving milk yield and quality of camels and a feeding method matched with the feed. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of sugar beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of table salt and 4-6 parts of premix. The formula of the feed is improved, the content of crude protein in the feed is increased and reaches 17%, and the requirement of protein under the condition of high milk yield is met. Meanwhile, grease is added, trace elements are supplemented, and the butter-fat percentage is increased. Various different feeds are used for feeding in different growth stages, so that the quality of the bactrian camel milk is improved, the physical health is guaranteed, the yield of the bactrian camel milk is increased, and the economic benefits of farmers are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a feed for improving the milk production and quality of camels and a feeding method using the feed. Background Art

[0002] Camel industry breeding is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. At present, the problems faced by the industry mainly include the following points: First, the breeding mode is relatively traditional, mainly adopting a combination of grazing and stall feeding, but the stall feeding facilities are relatively simple and lack standardized management. Second, the popularization and application rate of phased feeding (such as differentiated nutritional needs during lactation and dry period), regular disease prevention and control, and reproduction regulation are relatively low. Third, nutritional management is not scientific enough, mainly based on low-energy, low-protein roughage such as natural pasture, peanut vines, straw and hay, while concentrated feed is used less. This leads to low milk production, poor milk quality, and nutritional imbalance due to the lack of minerals and vitamins. At the same time, due to the lack of relevant professional and technical knowledge, the breeders failed to adjust the daily diet formula according to the lactation stage and seasonal changes, resulting in feed waste or insufficient nutrient supply. Fourth, there is a relative lack of basic research on camel nutritional management (such as metabolic mechanism, rumen microbial composition, nutrient absorption mechanism, etc.), and feeding management relies heavily on experience, lacking a scientific and standardized feeding management system.

[0003] Therefore, the development of new special feeds and professional feeding and management methods is of great significance to the development of the camel industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for improving the milk production and quality of camels and a feeding method using the feed, and to use various feeds for combined feeding at different growth stages to improve the milk quality of Bactrian camels, ensure physical health, promote Bactrian camel milk production and the economic benefits of breeders.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a feed for improving the milk production and quality of camels. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 4-6 parts of premix.

[0007] The invention also provides application of the feed in improving the milk production and quality of camels.

[0008] Preferably, the camel is a Bactrian camel.

[0009] The present invention also provides a feeding method for improving camel milk production and quality by using the feed, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) feeding the above-mentioned feed to adult camels in the lactation period, and feeding the growth period feed to young camels over 4 months old;

[0011] (2) Adult camels are milked daily during the lactation period, and young camels are weaned and sold after reaching 16 months of age.

[0012] Preferably, a file is created for the lactating adult camels before delivery to record feed formula, feed intake, milk production during lactation, disease information, lamb birth information and death information, and each camel is equipped with an electronic chip identification.

[0013] Preferably, the young camel promptly ingests colostrum after delivery and keeps warm.

[0014] Preferably, the growing feed in step (1) includes grass and concentrate supplements;

[0015] The types of forage are: oat grass, sheep grass, alfalfa or silage corn;

[0016] The concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-18 parts of soybean meal, 13-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 55-63 parts of corn, 9-13 parts of wheat bran, and 4-6 parts of premix;

[0017] The forage is freely available for young camels to eat, and the daily feeding amount of the concentrated feed supplement for each young camel is 0.5-1.5 kg.

[0018] Preferably, the frequency of milking in step (2) is twice a day, and the milking time is 5:30-6:30 am and 5:30-18:30 pm in winter; and 4:30-5:30 am and 16:30-17:30 pm in summer.

[0019] The present invention provides a feed for improving camel milk production and quality and a feeding method using the feed. The feed comprises the following components by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt, and 4-6 parts of premix. The present invention improves the feed formula, increases the crude protein content in the feed to 17%, and meets the protein requirement under high milk production. At the same time, oil is added to supplement trace elements and increase the milk fat rate. Various feeds are used for combined feeding at different growth stages to improve the quality of Bactrian camel milk, ensure physical health, promote Bactrian camel milk production, and improve the economic benefits of breeders. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention provides a feed for improving the milk production and quality of camels. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 4-6 parts of premix.

[0021] In the present invention, the premix is ​​"5% beef cattle composite premix 851" produced by Harbin Jinfulai Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0022] In the present invention, the amount of alfalfa hay is preferably 11 to 13 parts, more preferably 12 parts.

[0023] In the present invention, the number of portions of the peanut vines is preferably 17 to 19 portions, and more preferably 18 portions.

[0024] In the present invention, the amount of the beet pulp is preferably 7 to 9 parts, more preferably 8 parts.

[0025] In the present invention, the number of portions of corn is preferably 19 to 21 portions, and more preferably 20 portions.

[0026] In the present invention, the amount of the wheat bran is preferably 12 to 14 parts, more preferably 13 parts.

[0027] In the present invention, the amount of the cottonseed meal is preferably 11 to 13 parts, more preferably 12 parts.

[0028] In the present invention, the amount of the soybean meal is preferably 9 to 11 parts, more preferably 10 parts.

[0029] In the present invention, the amount of calcium hydrogen phosphate is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 parts, more preferably 1 part.

[0030] In the present invention, the amount of salt is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 parts, more preferably 1 part.

[0031] In the present invention, the amount of the premix is ​​preferably 4.5 to 5.5 parts, more preferably 5 parts.

[0032] The invention also provides application of the feed in improving the milk production and quality of camels.

[0033] In the present invention, the species of camel is preferably Bactrian camel.

[0034] The present invention also provides a feeding method for improving camel milk production and quality by using the feed, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) feeding the above-mentioned feed to adult camels in the lactation period, and feeding the growth period feed to young camels over 4 months old;

[0036] (2) Adult camels are milked daily during the lactation period, and young camels are weaned and sold after reaching 16 months of age.

[0037] Preferably, the lactating adult camels preferably have files established before delivery to record feed formula, feed intake, lactating milk production, disease information, lamb birth information and death information, and each camel is equipped with an electronic chip identification.

[0038] In the present invention, the young camel takes in colostrum in time after giving birth and keeps warm.

[0039] In the present invention, the growing feed in step (1) includes grass and concentrate supplements;

[0040] The types of forage are: oat grass, sheep grass, alfalfa or silage corn;

[0041] The concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-18 parts of soybean meal, 13-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 55-63 parts of corn, 9-13 parts of wheat bran, and 4-6 parts of premix;

[0042] The forage is freely available for young camels to eat, and the daily feeding amount of the concentrated feed supplement for each young camel is 0.5-1.5 kg.

[0043] In the present invention, the amount of the soybean meal is preferably 15 to 17 parts, more preferably 16 parts.

[0044] In the present invention, the amount of the cottonseed meal is preferably 13.5 to 14.5 parts, more preferably 14 parts.

[0045] In the present invention, the number of portions of corn is preferably 57 to 61 portions, and more preferably 59 portions.

[0046] In the present invention, the amount of the wheat bran is preferably 10 to 12 parts, more preferably 11 parts.

[0047] In the present invention, the amount of the premix is ​​preferably 4.5 to 5.5 parts, more preferably 5 parts.

[0048] In the present invention, the frequency of milking in step (2) is preferably twice a day, and the time of milking is preferably 5:30-6:30 am and 5:30-6:30 pm in winter; and 4:30-5:30 am and 4:30-5:30 pm in summer.

[0049] In the present invention, the camel enclosure includes a rest area, a feeding area, a lactation waiting area, a fence area and a lactation area. The rest area and the lactation waiting area are located in the milking hall and are connected to the feeding area and the fence area. During milking, the lactating adult camels are driven from the feeding area to the lactation waiting area, and the young camels are driven to the rest area, and are respectively guided to the fence area. The fence area is divided into a plurality of walkways by a plurality of fences, and each walkway can only accommodate one Bactrian camel to walk, and guide it to the lactation area for lactation.

[0050] In the present invention, the young camel is used to suck for 10 to 20 seconds before milking in step (2), so as to induce lactation in the lactating camel, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the stress response of the lactating camel and increasing the milk production.

[0051] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A method for raising Bactrian camels to improve milk production and quality, comprising the following steps:

[0054] (1) preparing a lactating camel feed by mixing 14 parts of alfalfa hay, 20 parts of peanut vines, 6 parts of beet pulp, 18 parts of corn, 15 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 8 parts of soybean meal, 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8 parts of salt, and 6 parts of premix in a weight ratio;

[0055] (2) preparing a concentrate supplement for feeding young camels by mixing 14 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of cottonseed meal, 63 parts of corn, 13 parts of wheat bran, and 6 parts of premix in parts by weight;

[0056] (3) Establish a file for lactating camels before delivery, record feed formula, feed intake, milk production during lactation, disease information, calf birth information and death information, and equip each camel with an electronic chip identification;

[0057] (4) The young camel should promptly consume colostrum after delivery and be kept warm;

[0058] (5) feeding the lactating camel feed prepared in step (1) to the lactating camel;

[0059] (6) Young camels over 4 months old are fed oat grass, sheep grass, alfalfa or corn silage, and are allowed to eat freely. Each young camel is supplemented with 0.5 kg of concentrated feed per day;

[0060] (7) In winter, adult camels in the lactation period are milked at 5:30-6:30 a.m. and 17:30-18:30 p.m.; in summer, they are milked at 4:30-5:30 a.m. and 16:30-17:30 p.m. Before milking, the young camels are sucked for 10-20 seconds to induce lactation in adult camels in the lactation period.

[0061] (8) The young camels are weaned and sold when they reach 16 months of age.

[0062] Note: The camel enclosure used for feeding in this embodiment includes a rest area, a feeding area, a lactation waiting area, a fence area and a lactation area. The rest area and the lactation waiting area are located in the milking hall and are connected to the feeding area and the fence area. During milking, the lactating adult camels are driven from the feeding area to the lactation waiting area, and the young camels are driven to the rest area, and are guided to the fence area respectively. The fence area is divided into multiple walkways by a number of fences, and each walkway can only accommodate one Bactrian camel to walk, and guide it to the lactation area for lactation.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A method for raising Bactrian camels to improve milk production and quality, comprising the following steps:

[0065] (1) preparing a lactating camel feed by mixing 10 parts of alfalfa hay, 16 parts of peanut vines, 10 parts of beet pulp, 22 parts of corn, 11 parts of wheat bran, 14 parts of cottonseed meal, 12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of salt, and 6 parts of premix in a weight ratio;

[0066] (2) preparing a concentrate supplement for feeding young camels by mixing 18 parts of soybean meal, 13 parts of cottonseed meal, 55 parts of corn, 9 parts of wheat bran, and 4 parts of premix in parts by weight;

[0067] (3) Establish a file for lactating camels before delivery, record feed formula, feed intake, milk production during lactation, disease information, calf birth information and death information, and equip each camel with an electronic chip identification;

[0068] (4) The young camel should promptly consume colostrum after delivery and be kept warm;

[0069] (5) feeding the lactating camel feed prepared in step (1) to the lactating camel;

[0070] (6) Young camels over 4 months old are fed oat grass, sheep grass, alfalfa or corn silage, and are allowed to eat freely. Each young camel is supplemented with 1.5 kg of concentrated feed per day;

[0071] (7) In winter, adult camels in the lactation period are milked at 5:30-6:30 a.m. and 17:30-18:30 p.m.; in summer, they are milked at 4:30-5:30 a.m. and 16:30-17:30 p.m. Before milking, the young camels are sucked for 10-20 seconds to induce lactation in adult camels in the lactation period.

[0072] (8) The young camels are weaned and sold when they reach 16 months of age.

[0073] Note: The camel enclosure used for feeding in this embodiment includes a rest area, a feeding area, a lactation waiting area, a fence area and a lactation area. The rest area and the lactation waiting area are located in the milking hall and are connected to the feeding area and the fence area. During milking, the lactating adult camels are driven from the feeding area to the lactation waiting area, and the young camels are driven to the rest area, and are guided to the fence area respectively. The fence area is divided into multiple walkways by a number of fences, and each walkway can only accommodate one Bactrian camel to walk, and guide it to the lactation area for lactation.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] A method for raising Bactrian camels to improve milk production and quality, comprising the following steps:

[0076] (1) preparing a lactating camel feed by mixing 12 parts of alfalfa hay, 18 parts of peanut vines, 8 parts of beet pulp, 20 parts of corn, 13 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of salt, and 5 parts of premix in a weight ratio;

[0077] (2) preparing a concentrate supplement for feeding young camels by mixing 16 parts of soybean meal, 14 parts of cottonseed meal, 59 parts of corn, 11 parts of wheat bran, and 5 parts of premix in parts by weight;

[0078] (3) Establish a file for lactating camels before delivery, record feed formula, feed intake, milk production during lactation, disease information, calf birth information and death information, and equip each camel with an electronic chip identification;

[0079] (4) The young camel should promptly consume colostrum after delivery and be kept warm;

[0080] (5) feeding the lactating camel feed prepared in step (1) to the lactating camel;

[0081] (6) Young camels over 4 months old are fed oat grass, sheep grass, alfalfa or corn silage, and are allowed to eat freely. Each young camel is supplemented with 1 kg of concentrated feed per day;

[0082] (7) In winter, adult camels in the lactation period are milked at 5:30-6:30 a.m. and 17:30-18:30 p.m.; in summer, they are milked at 4:30-5:30 a.m. and 16:30-17:30 p.m. Before milking, the young camels are sucked for 10-20 seconds to induce lactation in adult camels in the lactation period.

[0083] (8) The young camels are weaned and sold when they reach 16 months of age.

[0084] Note: The camel enclosure used for feeding in this embodiment includes a rest area, a feeding area, a lactation waiting area, a fence area and a lactation area. The rest area and the lactation waiting area are located in the milking hall and are connected to the feeding area and the fence area. During milking, the lactating adult camels are driven from the feeding area to the lactation waiting area, and the young camels are driven to the rest area, and are guided to the fence area respectively. The fence area is divided into multiple walkways by a number of fences, and each walkway can only accommodate one Bactrian camel to walk, and guide it to the lactation area for lactation.

[0085] Test example

[0086] In 2024, a comparative test was conducted in two cooperatives in Xiama Township, Yiwu County, with an experimental group (Yituo Farming Farmers' Professional Cooperative in Xiamay Township, Yiwu County, hereinafter referred to as Yitu) and a control group (Xiamay Zhonghe Camel Breeding Professional Cooperative in Yiwu County, hereinafter referred to as Zhonghe). The experimental group was fed using the feeding method and feed formula of Example 3 of the present invention, and the control group was fed using traditional methods. This is to examine the effects of the feed and feeding method of the present invention on the peak lactation period of camels (the 3rd to 6th month from the beginning of lactation) and the mid-lactation period (the 7th to 10th month from the beginning of lactation).

[0087] (1) The effects of the method of the present invention and the traditional method on the lactation of camels were statistically analyzed. The test results of the lactation are shown in Table 1:

[0088] Table 1 Milk production during peak lactation and mid lactation

[0089]

[0090] The test results show that the milk yield in the peak lactation period increased by 40.02% through the experimental treatment. In the middle lactation period, due to the sufficient summer forage under the traditional feeding, the gap with the experimental area gradually narrowed. Despite this, the overall increase rate of milk yield in the middle lactation period under the experimental treatment was still 8.29%.

[0091] (2) The effects of the experimental treatment on the quality of the dairy products were analyzed by sampling the dairy products of the experimental group and the control group. The dairy product analysis was commissioned by Xinjiang Zhongtuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The analysis results are shown in Table 2:

[0092] Table 2 Analysis of milk components in mid-lactation

[0093]

[0094] The experimental results showed that after the experimental treatment, the content of milk protein, lactose, milk fat, solids and non-fat solids in the experimental group did not change significantly compared with the camels under traditional feeding methods.

[0095] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a feed for improving camel milk production under the premise of ensuring quality and a feeding method for the feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt, and 4-6 parts of premix. The present invention improves the feed formula, increases the crude protein content in the feed to 17%, and meets the protein requirement under high milk production. At the same time, oil is added to supplement trace elements and increase the milk fat rate. Various different feeds are used for combined feeding at different growth stages to improve the quality of Bactrian camel milk, ensure physical health, promote Bactrian camel milk production and the economic benefits of breeders.

[0096] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for improving camel milk production and quality, characterized in that: The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 4-6 parts of premix.

2. Use of the feed according to claim 1 in improving camel milk production and quality.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The species of the camel is Bactrian camel.

4. A method for raising camels using the feed according to claim 1 to improve milk production and quality, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) feeding the feed according to claim 1 to adult camels in the lactation period, and feeding the growth period feed to young camels over 4 months old; (2) Adult camels are milked daily during the lactation period, and young camels are weaned and sold after reaching 16 months of age.

5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that A file is established for the lactating adult camels before delivery to record feed formula, feed intake, milk production during lactation, disease information, camel lamb information and death information, and each camel is equipped with an electronic chip identification.

6. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that The young camel takes in colostrum in time after giving birth and keeps warm.

7. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The growing feed in step (1) includes grass feed and concentrate supplementary feed; The types of forage are: oat grass, sheep grass, alfalfa or silage corn; The concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-18 parts of soybean meal, 13-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 55-63 parts of corn, 9-13 parts of wheat bran, and 4-6 parts of premix; The forage is freely available for young camels to eat, and the daily feeding amount of the concentrated feed supplement for each young camel is 0.5-1.5 kg.

8. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that The frequency of milking in step (2) is twice a day, and the milking time is 5:30-6:30 in the morning and 17:30-18:30 in the evening in winter; and 4:30-5:30 in the morning and 16:30-17:30 in the evening in summer.

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