Compound feed for promoting healthy growth of micropterus salmoides as well as preparation method and application of compound feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed and fermentation, in particular to compound feed for promoting healthy growth of micropterus salmoides as well as a preparation method and application of the compound feed. The compound feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of fish meal, 10 to 15 parts of chicken meal, 0 to 10 parts of tenebrio molitor protein, 9 to 11 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7.5 to 9.5 parts of egg powder, 1 to 6 parts of beer yeast powder, 4 to 10 parts of flour, 2 to 3.5 parts of cassava starch, 1 to 3 parts of fish oil, 0.6 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 to 1 part of compound vitamin, 1.2 to 3.7 parts of mineral substance mixture, 2 to 3 parts of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 3 to 4.4 parts of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). According to the compound feed disclosed by the invention, the fermented soybean meal and the tenebrio molitor protein are combined to replace part of fish meal, so that the cost of the feed is effectively reduced, the organism immunity and disease resistance of the micropterus salmoides are improved, the intestinal health of the micropterus salmoides is improved, and the culture benefit is comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of feed technology and fermentation technology, and in particular to a compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] California bass (Latin name: Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802), English name: Largemouth Bass), Chinese name "Largemouth Bass", is a fish of the genus Micropterus, family Micropteridae, order Perciformes. Largemouth bass has firm meat, delicious taste, few bone spurs, high nutritional value, and is very popular in the market. California bass grows quickly, and the fry bred in the same year can grow to 0.5 kg, reaching the market size.

[0003] At present, California bass are mostly fed with compound feeds with fish meal as the protein source. California bass have a large demand for animal protein and amino acids. The amino acid composition of fish meal is balanced, close to the amino acid ratio required for California bass production, and rich in vitamins, minerals and unknown growth factors, which can meet certain growth needs. However, California bass have low nutritional utilization of feed, and with the increasing shortage of fish meal resources and the sharp rise in fish meal prices, seeking suitable protein sources to replace or reduce the amount of fish meal has become a hot topic in the aquatic feed industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art that fish meal is expensive and the nutritional utilization rate of feed by California bass is low, and to provide a compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass, wherein the compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30~40 parts of fish meal, 10~15 parts of chicken meal, 0~10 parts of mealworm protein, 9~11 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7.5~9.5 parts of egg powder, 1~6 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 4~10 parts of flour, 2~3.5 parts of cassava starch, 1~3 parts of fish oil, 0.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3~1 parts of multivitamins, 1.2~3.7 parts of mineral mixture, 2~3 parts of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), 3~4.4 parts of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).

[0006] The composite feed of the present invention can significantly improve the intestinal health and immunity of California bass, promote its rapid growth and muscle development, and improve the nutritional value and market value of the meat. In addition, it can also improve the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed, ensure that the California bass obtains the necessary trace elements and vitamins, and support its normal physiological functions and healthy growth. In the present invention, by combining the use of fermented soybean meal and mealworm protein to replace part of the fish meal, the feed cost is effectively reduced, while the body immunity and disease resistance of the California bass are improved, the intestinal health of the California bass is improved, and the food intake, weight gain rate and growth rate are increased, thereby comprehensively improving the breeding efficiency, providing a scientific basis for optimizing the feed formula of the California bass.

[0007] In the compound feed of the present invention: Fish meal is the main source of animal protein.

[0008] Fermented soybean meal is fermented by microorganisms to eliminate anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal to the maximum extent, improve the digestibility and bioavailability of protein, and at the same time produce active substances such as probiotics and oligopeptides, which improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, promote growth, and enhance the immune function of breeding materials, and have the effects of nutrition and improving immunity.

[0009] Mealworm protein plays an important role in aquaculture-related technologies as a protein source that replaces fish meal. Insects are small in size and come in many varieties. Large-scale insect farming does not compete with humans or other farmed animals for protein resources and land resources. In addition, waste nutrients can be used to feed insects, which can maximize waste utilization efficiency and achieve natural recycling of nutrients. Mealworms, commonly known as mealworms, are considered to be one of the most promising insect proteins. They are rich in protein and multiple amino acids and are an ideal protein raw material for aquaculture.

[0010] Chicken meal mainly provides protein source. Among animal protein sources, it has lower volatile basic nitrogen, better freshness, higher digestibility and absorption rate, and its amino acid composition is similar to fish meal.

[0011] Egg powder contains a variety of nutrients needed by broodstock, which can improve the immunity and physical fitness of broodstock and is beneficial to the nervous system and body development.

[0012] Brewer's yeast powder mainly provides a protein source, enhances fish's appetite, and aids digestion.

[0013] Flour plays a bonding role, increases the viscoelasticity of broodstock and reduces the emission of ingredients.

[0014] Cassava starch can be used as a thickener, binder, bulking agent and stabilizer in food. It is also a good bulking agent, sweetener, flavoring carrier and fat substitute, which helps to improve the texture and taste of feed.

[0015] Fish oil is essential for the growth and health of California bass, helping to improve cardiovascular health and enhance meat quality. It mainly provides energy and acts as an appetite inducer.

[0016] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate can supplement the phospholipids of broodstock and promote fat conversion and utilization.

[0017] Multivitamins can provide California bass with essential vitamins, maintain normal physiological functions and enhance immunity.

[0018] The mineral blend provides essential minerals to help California bass maintain electrolyte balance and normal growth and development.

[0019] EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is an unsaturated fatty acid essential for the growth and development of fish. It plays an important role in the growth and development of fish and enhances the egg-laying rate.

[0020] DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an unsaturated fatty acid essential for the growth and development of fish. It plays an important role in the development of the fish's brain nerves, optic nerves, stress resistance and survival rate.

[0021] Furthermore, every 1 kg of the mineral mixture contains 15-18 g of copper sulfate, 55-65 g of ferrous sulfate, 48-50 g of zinc sulfate, 14-16 g of manganese sulfate, 0.4-0.6 g of cobalt chloride, 0.2-0.4 g of sodium selenite, 21-23 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 24-26 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and the remainder is zeolite powder.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for preparing the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh 5-10 parts of glucose, 0.5-1.2 parts of multivitamins, 0.5-1.2 parts of multiminerals, 80-90 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of starter, and 3-6 parts of yeast extract according to weight; S2, crushing and sterilizing the soybean meal, and mixing the obtained soybean meal powder with an equal mass of water to obtain a material to be fermented; S3, adding glucose and yeast extract to the fermented material, stirring for 25 minutes, to obtain primary treated soybean meal; S4, adding a fermentation agent to the primary treated soybean meal, stirring for 20 minutes, and fermenting for 48 hours at 22-25° C. and 60%-70% humidity to obtain primary fermented soybean meal; S5. Mix the complex vitamins and complex minerals with the primary fermented soybean meal, stir for 30 minutes, and ferment for 24 hours at a constant temperature and humidity of 30-35° C. and 60-70% humidity to obtain the fermented soybean meal.

[0023] Furthermore, the fermentation agent is made of Candida utilis with a preservation number of ACCC 20060 ( Candida Utilis) powder and Bacillus brevis with the deposit number of ACCC 04447 ( Bacillus pumilus ) The bacterial powders are compounded in equal mass ratios, and the total bacterial count of the starter is 35 to 40 billion per gram.

[0024] Furthermore, calculated by weight, the vitamin complex comprises: Vitamin A 25-40 parts, Vitamin E 60-80 parts, Vitamin D 1-3 parts, Vitamin B1 15-25 parts, Vitamin B2 1-2 parts, Vitamin PP 20-40 parts, Calcium pantothenate 5-10 parts, Vitamin B6 50-60 parts, Vitamin B12 4-5 parts, Biotin 0.1-0.15 parts, Folic acid 2-5 parts, Vitamin C 200-300 parts; The composite mineral composition is: 15-20 parts of copper sulfate, 60-130 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-60 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 parts of sodium selenite, 15-30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 10-20 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the compound feed, comprising the following steps: S1. Calculate by weight: 30-40 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of chicken meal, 0-10 parts of mealworm protein, 9-11 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7.5-9.5 parts of egg powder, 1-6 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 4-10 parts of flour, 2-3.5 parts of cassava starch, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 0.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-1 parts of multivitamins, 1.2-3.7 parts of mineral mixture, 2-3 parts of EPA, and 3-4.4 parts of DHA; S2, mixing fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast powder, cassava starch, fermented soybean meal, mealworm protein and flour to obtain a mixed powder; S3, mixing water and the mixed powder in a mass volume ratio of 1:4-5 to obtain a raw material mixture; S4, adding fish oil, monocalcium phosphate, EPA, DHA, multivitamins and a mineral mixture to the raw material mixture, and then granulating to obtain the compound feed.

[0026] Furthermore, the particle size of the compound feed is 1.5-2 mm.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present invention provides application of the compound feed in improving the intestinal health and immunity of California seabass.

[0028] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides application of the compound feed in promoting growth and muscle development of California sea bass.

[0029] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides application of the compound feed in improving the meat quality of California seabass.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The compound feed of the present invention not only meets the nutritional needs of California bass, but also improves the fish's absorption and utilization of nutrients, and enhances anti-oxidation, immunity and health. The high-quality protein sources such as fish meal, chicken meal, mealworm protein, fermented soybean meal and egg powder contained in the compound feed of California bass provide essential amino acids for California bass, which helps to enhance its muscle growth and repair. The addition of vitamin mixture and mineral mixture also provides essential micronutrients for California bass, further supporting the function of its immune system.

[0031] The composite feed of the present invention promotes digestion and nutrient absorption of California sea bass. The use of fermented soybean meal and brewer's yeast powder can increase the nutritional value of the feed because the fermentation process can improve the digestibility and bioavailability of protein. The presence of probiotics further promotes the intestinal health of California sea bass and helps to improve digestion efficiency and nutrient absorption. Cassava starch and flour, as sources of carbohydrates, provide energy, and the fermentation of probiotics helps to decompose and absorb these carbohydrates.

[0032] The compound feed of the present invention can improve the growth performance and meat quality of California bass. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are two important ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have a positive effect on the growth and meat quality of California bass. These fatty acids are not only essential to the health of California bass, but also can improve the taste and nutritional value of its meat. The addition of fish oil provides a direct source of EPA and DHA for California bass, and the overall nutritional balance of probiotic fermented feed helps California bass to utilize these fatty acids more effectively, thereby improving its growth rate and meat quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The effect of different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on the weight gain rate of California seabass.

[0034] Figure 2 The effect of different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on the intestinal digestive enzyme activities of California sea bass.

[0035] Figure 3 The effect of different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on the tissue morphology of California seabass.

[0036] Figure 4The figures show the effects of different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on the intestinal histological morphology of California seabass, wherein A is the intestinal histological morphology of California seabass fed with the compound feed of Comparative Example 1, B is the intestinal histological morphology of California seabass fed with the compound feed of Example 1, C is the intestinal histological morphology of California seabass fed with the compound feed of Example 2, D is the intestinal histological morphology of California seabass fed with the compound feed of Example 3, H represents the height of villi, W represents the width of villi, and T represents the thickness of the muscle layer.

[0037] Figure 5 The effect of different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on serum biochemical parameters of California sea bass.

[0038] Figure 6 The effect of different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on the antioxidant indexes of California seabass liver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but it should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0040] The fermented soybean meal involved in the following examples and comparative examples is prepared from the following raw materials: 5 parts of glucose, 0.5 parts of multivitamins, 0.5 parts of multiminerals, 90 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of starter, and 3 parts of yeast extract.

[0041] The vitamin complex consists of: 30 parts of vitamin A, 80 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of vitamin D, 20 parts of vitamin B1, 2 parts of vitamin B2, 30 parts of vitamin PP, 5 parts of calcium pantothenate, 50 parts of vitamin B6, 4 parts of vitamin B12, 0.1 parts of biotin, 2 parts of folic acid, and 300 parts of vitamin C.

[0042] The mineral complex consists of: 15 parts of copper sulfate, 80 parts of ferrous sulfate, 40 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5 parts of sodium selenite, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 10 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0043] The fermentation agent is Candida utilis with a preservation number of ACCC 20060 ( Candida utilis ) powder and Bacillus brevis with the deposit number of ACCC 04447 ( Bacillus pumilus) The bacterial powders were compounded in equal mass ratios, the total bacterial count of the Candida utilis powder was 20 billion / g, and the total bacterial count of the Bacillus pumilus C-3 powder was 20 billion / g, both of which were purchased from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Management Center.

[0044] Fermented soybean meal is prepared by the following steps: S1. Grind soybean meal through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain soybean meal powder, sterilize the soybean meal powder at 120° C. for 30 min to obtain sterilized soybean meal powder, add water to the sterilized soybean meal powder at a mass ratio of 1:1, mix and stir to obtain a material to be fermented; S2, adding glucose and yeast extract to the material to be fermented, and fully stirring for 25 minutes to obtain primary treated soybean meal; S3, adding composite probiotic powder to the primary treated soybean meal, stirring thoroughly for 20 minutes, and fermenting under constant temperature and humidity conditions of 25° C. and 60% humidity for 48 hours to obtain primary fermented soybean meal; S4, preparation of multivitamins: weighing various raw materials according to the weight ratio of the multivitamins, and mixing them evenly to obtain the multivitamins; S5. Preparation of the mineral element mixture: weighing various raw materials according to the weight ratio of the mineral element mixture, and mixing them evenly to obtain the mineral element mixture; S6, fully stirring the complex vitamins, mineral mixture, and primary fermented soybean meal for 30 minutes, and fermenting them at a constant temperature and humidity of 35° C. and 60% humidity for 24 hours to obtain final fermented soybean meal; S7. Dry the fermented soybean meal at a constant temperature of 50°C and seal it for storage before use.

[0045] The mineral mixture involved in the following examples and comparative examples contains 16 g / kg of copper sulfate, 60 g / kg of ferrous sulfate, 48 g / kg of zinc sulfate, 15 g / kg of manganese sulfate, 0.5 g / kg of cobalt chloride, 0.3 g / kg of sodium selenite, 22 g / kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25 g / kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and the balance is zeolite powder.

[0046] Example 1: A compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California sea bass.

[0047] The compound feed of this embodiment is composed of the following by mass percentage: Fish meal 40%, chicken meal 13%, fermented soybean meal 10%, egg powder 7.5%, brewer's yeast powder 6%, flour 10%, tapioca starch 2%, fish oil 2.5%, monocalcium phosphate 0.6%, multivitamin 0.5%, mineral mixture 2%, EPA 2.4%, DHA 3.5%.

[0048] The preparation method of the compound feed of the present embodiment is as follows: S1. Calculate by mass percentage: 40% fish meal, 13% chicken meal, 10% fermented soybean meal, 7.5% egg powder, 6% brewer's yeast powder, 10% flour, 2% cassava starch, 2.5% fish oil, 0.6% monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% multivitamins, 2% mineral mixture, 2.4% EPA, and 3.5% DHA; Before use, all raw materials must be screened to remove impurities and cleaned as necessary to ensure sanitary conditions. For raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture or have a high water content, such as fermented soybean meal and egg powder, low-temperature drying is required to reduce the moisture content to prevent mildew or other quality problems during subsequent processing. The dried feed needs to be cooled to room temperature to prevent thermal stress from adversely affecting product quality. Crush larger particles of raw materials (such as fish meal, mealworm protein, chicken meal) to a fineness of 15μm to ensure that all ingredients can be evenly mixed. Add the crushed raw materials to the mixer for preliminary mixing.

[0049] S2, mixing fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast powder, cassava starch, fermented soybean meal, mealworm protein and flour to obtain a mixed powder; S3, mixing water and the mixed powder in a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a raw material mixture; S4. Add fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, EPA, DHA, multivitamins, and a mineral mixture to the raw material mixture, and then granulate (with a particle size of 1.8 mm) to obtain the compound feed.

[0050] Example 2: A compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass.

[0051] The compound feed of this embodiment is composed of the following by mass percentage: Fish meal 40%, chicken meal 13%, mealworm protein 10%, egg powder 7.5%, brewer's yeast powder 6%, flour 10%, tapioca starch 2%, fish oil 2.5%, monocalcium phosphate 0.6%, multivitamin 0.5%, mineral mixture 2%, EPA 2.4%, DHA 3.5%.

[0052] The preparation method of the compound feed of the present embodiment is as follows: S1. Calculate by mass percentage: 40% fish meal, 13% chicken meal, 10% mealworm protein, 7.5% egg powder, 6% brewer's yeast powder, 10% flour, 2% cassava starch, 2.5% fish oil, 0.6% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% multivitamins, 2% mineral mixture, 2.4% EPA, and 3.5% DHA; Before use, all raw materials must be screened to remove impurities and cleaned as necessary to ensure sanitary conditions. For raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture or have a high water content, such as fermented soybean meal and egg powder, low-temperature drying is required to reduce the moisture content to prevent mildew or other quality problems during subsequent processing. The dried feed needs to be cooled to room temperature to prevent thermal stress from adversely affecting product quality. Crush larger particles of raw materials (such as fish meal, mealworm protein, chicken meal) to a fineness of 15μm to ensure that all ingredients can be evenly mixed. Add the crushed raw materials to the mixer for preliminary mixing.

[0053] S2, mixing fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast powder, cassava starch, fermented soybean meal, mealworm protein and flour to obtain a mixed powder; S3, mixing water and the mixed powder in a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a raw material mixture; S4. Add fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, EPA, DHA, multivitamins, and a mineral mixture to the raw material mixture, and then granulate (with a particle size of 1.8 mm) to obtain the compound feed.

[0054] Example 3: A compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass.

[0055] The compound feed of this embodiment is composed of the following by mass percentage: Fish meal 30%, chicken meal 13%, fermented soybean meal 10%, mealworm protein 10%, egg powder 7.5%, brewer's yeast powder 6%, flour 10%, tapioca starch 2%, fish oil 2.5%, monocalcium phosphate 0.6%, multivitamins 0.5%, mineral mixture 2%, EPA 2.4%, DHA 3.5%.

[0056] The preparation method of the compound feed of the present embodiment is as follows: S1. Calculate by mass percentage: 30% fish meal, 13% chicken meal, 10% fermented soybean meal, 10% mealworm protein, 7.5% egg powder, 6% brewer's yeast powder, 10% flour, 2% cassava starch, 2.5% fish oil, 0.6% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% multivitamins, 2% mineral mixture, 2.4% EPA, and 3.5% DHA; Before use, all raw materials must be screened to remove impurities and cleaned as necessary to ensure sanitary conditions. For raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture or have a high water content, such as fermented soybean meal and egg powder, low-temperature drying is required to reduce the moisture content to prevent mildew or other quality problems during subsequent processing. The dried feed needs to be cooled to room temperature to prevent thermal stress from adversely affecting product quality. Crush larger particles of raw materials (such as fish meal, mealworm protein, chicken meal) to a fineness of 15μm to ensure that all ingredients can be evenly mixed. Add the crushed raw materials to the mixer for preliminary mixing.

[0057] S2, mixing fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast powder, cassava starch, fermented soybean meal, mealworm protein and flour to obtain a mixed powder; S3, mixing water and the mixed powder in a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a raw material mixture; S4. Add fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, EPA, DHA, multivitamins, and a mineral mixture to the raw material mixture, and then granulate (with a particle size of 1.8 mm) to obtain the compound feed.

[0058] Comparative Example 1: A compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass (not containing fermented soybean meal and mealworm protein).

[0059] The compound feed of this comparative example is composed of the following by mass percentage: Fish meal 50%, chicken meal 13%, egg powder 7.5%, brewer's yeast powder 6%, flour 10%, tapioca starch 2%, fish oil 2.5%, monocalcium phosphate 0.6%, multivitamin 0.5%, mineral mixture 2%, EPA 2.4%, DHA 3.5%.

[0060] The preparation method of the compound feed of this comparative example is as follows: S1. Calculate by mass percentage: 50% fish meal, 13% chicken meal, 7.5% egg powder, 6% brewer's yeast powder, 10% flour, 2% cassava starch, 2.5% fish oil, 0.6% monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% multivitamins, 2% mineral mixture, 2.4% EPA, and 3.5% DHA; Before use, all raw materials must be screened to remove impurities and cleaned as necessary to ensure sanitary conditions. For raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture or have a high water content, such as fermented soybean meal and egg powder, low-temperature drying is required to reduce the moisture content to prevent mold or other quality problems during subsequent processing. The dried feed needs to be cooled to room temperature to prevent thermal stress from adversely affecting product quality. Crush larger particles of raw materials (such as fish meal and chicken meal) to a fineness of 15μm to ensure that all ingredients can be evenly mixed. Add the crushed raw materials to the mixer for preliminary mixing.

[0061] S2, mixing fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast powder, cassava starch, fermented soybean meal, mealworm protein and flour to obtain a mixed powder; S3, mixing water and the mixed powder in a mass volume ratio of 1:4 to obtain a raw material mixture; S4. Add fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, EPA, DHA, multivitamins, and a mineral mixture to the raw material mixture, and then granulate (with a particle size of 1.8 mm) to obtain the compound feed.

[0062] In order to verify the effect of the compound feed of the present invention, the following verification experiment was carried out, and key indicators such as growth performance, intestinal health status and immune performance of California sea bass were recorded.

[0063] 1) Experimental methods California bass fry were domesticated in a tank for 14 days. The domestication conditions were: water temperature 28 ± 1℃, pH 7-8, dissolved oxygen>9mg / L, light-dark cycle 12h:12h. The compound feed of Comparative Example 1 was fed to each group of fish at 9:00 and 19:00 every day, and the feeding amount was such that the fish were full and had no obvious feeding behavior.

[0064] After 14 days of domestication, 360 healthy, active, well-fed, normal-colored, and uniform-sized juveniles were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 in each group, with a total of 12 culture tanks, and 30 juveniles were fed in each culture tank. The culture conditions were the same as the domestication conditions mentioned above. Each group was fed 4 different feeds.

[0065] After the experiment started, the conditions of the fry in each group were closely observed and their activities, food intake, body color, etc. were recorded. One-third of the culture water was replaced every day when the feces was sucked. The experimental period was 60 days.

[0066] 2) Experimental results After feeding with different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal, the weight gain rate of each group of California bass is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 As shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen that feeding California bass with different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal had no significant effect on their weight gain rate (P>0.05). This shows that fermented soybean meal instead of 10% fish meal and mealworm protein instead of 10% fish meal had no significant effect on the growth performance of California bass.

[0067] Table 1 Effects of different ratios of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal on the weight gain rate of California bass After feeding with different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal, the intestinal digestive enzyme activities of California bass in each group are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 It can be seen that in Example 1 and Example 3, the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in the intestine of California bass were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2. This shows that replacing 10% fish meal with fermented soybean meal can improve the activity of digestive enzymes, and replacing 10% fish meal with mealworm protein has no significant effect on digestive enzymes.

[0068] Table 2 Effects of different ratios of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal on the digestive enzyme activities in the intestine of California sea bass After feeding with different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal, the intestinal histological morphology of California bass in each group is shown in Table 3. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in Table 3, Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that in Example 1 and Example 3, the height and width of the villi in the intestine of California bass were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2. This shows that fermented soybean meal replacing 10% of fish meal and fermented soybean meal and mealworm protein replacing 20% ​​of fish meal can significantly improve the health of the intestine. However, compared with Comparative Example 1, each experimental group had no significant effect on the thickness of the intestinal muscle layer (P>0.05). This shows that fermented soybean meal and mealworm protein replacing fish meal has no negative impact on intestinal health.

[0069] Table 3 Effects of different ratios of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal on the intestinal histological morphology of California bass After feeding with different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal, the serum biochemical indicators of California bass in each group are shown in Table 4 and Figure 5 As shown in Table 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that in Example 1 and Example 3, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of California bass were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2. It shows that fermented soybean meal replacing 10% of fish meal and fermented soybean meal replacing 20% ​​of fish meal with yellow mealworm protein can reduce the occurrence of inflammation in fish. In Example 1 and Example 3, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in the serum of California bass were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2. It shows that fermented soybean meal replacing 10% of fish meal and fermented soybean meal replacing 20% ​​of fish meal with yellow mealworm protein can improve the immunity of fish. However, compared with Comparative Example 1, each experimental group had no significant effect on the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (P>0.05). It shows that fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal with yellow mealworm protein does not have a negative impact on fish immunity.

[0070] Table 4 Effects of different ratios of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal on serum biochemical parameters of California bass After feeding with different proportions of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal, the liver antioxidant indexes of California bass in each group are shown in Table 5 and Figure 6 As shown in Table 5 and Figure 6It can be seen that in Example 1 and Example 3, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver of California sea bass were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2. This shows that replacing 10% of fish meal with fermented soybean meal and replacing 20% ​​of fish meal with fermented soybean meal and mealworm protein can improve the antioxidant properties of fish. However, compared with Comparative Example 1, each experimental group had no significant effect on the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P>0.05). This shows that replacing fish meal with fermented soybean meal and mealworm protein does not have a negative impact on the antioxidant properties of fish.

[0071] Table 5 Effects of different ratios of mealworm protein and fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal on antioxidant indexes in the liver of California bass It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. In order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment.

[0072] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed for promoting the healthy growth of California bass, characterized in that: The compound feed comprises the following components calculated by weight: 30~40 parts of fish meal, 10~15 parts of chicken meal, 0~10 parts of mealworm protein, 9~11 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7.5~9.5 parts of egg powder, 1~6 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 4~10 parts of flour, 2~3.5 parts of tapioca starch, 1~3 parts of fish oil, 0.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3~1 parts of multivitamins, 1.2~3.7 parts of mineral mixture, 2~3 parts of EPA, 3~4.4 parts of DHA.

2. The compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that Every 1 kg of the mineral mixture contains 15-18 g of copper sulfate, 55-65 g of ferrous sulfate, 48-50 g of zinc sulfate, 14-16 g of manganese sulfate, 0.4-0.6 g of cobalt chloride, 0.2-0.4 g of sodium selenite, 21-23 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 24-26 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and the balance is zeolite powder.

3. The compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh 5-10 parts of glucose, 0.5-1.2 parts of multivitamins, 0.5-1.2 parts of multiminerals, 80-90 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of starter, and 3-6 parts of yeast extract according to weight; S2, crushing and sterilizing the soybean meal, and mixing the obtained soybean meal powder with an equal mass of water to obtain a material to be fermented; S3, adding glucose and yeast extract to the fermented material, stirring for 25 minutes, to obtain primary treated soybean meal; S4, adding a fermentation agent to the primary treated soybean meal, stirring for 20 minutes, and fermenting for 48 hours at 22-25° C. and 60%-70% humidity to obtain primary fermented soybean meal; S5. Mix the complex vitamins and complex minerals with the primary fermented soybean meal, stir for 30 minutes, and ferment for 24 hours at a constant temperature and humidity of 30-35° C. and 60-70% humidity to obtain the fermented soybean meal.

4. The compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that The fermentation agent is Candida utilis with a preservation number of ACCC 20060 ( Candida utilis ) powder and Bacillus brevis with the deposit number of ACCC 04447 ( Bacillus pumilus ) The bacterial powders are compounded in equal mass ratios, and the total bacterial count of the starter is 35 to 40 billion per gram.

5. The compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that Calculated by mass, the vitamin complex comprises: Vitamin A 25-40 parts, Vitamin E 60-80 parts, Vitamin D 1-3 parts, Vitamin B1 15-25 parts, Vitamin B2 1-2 parts, Vitamin PP 20-40 parts, Calcium pantothenate 5-10 parts, Vitamin B6 50-60 parts, Vitamin B12 4-5 parts, Biotin 0.1-0.15 parts, Folic acid 2-5 parts, Vitamin C 200-300 parts; The composite mineral composition is: 15-20 parts of copper sulfate, 60-130 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-60 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 parts of sodium selenite, 15-30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 10-20 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

6. The method for preparing the compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Calculate by weight: 30-40 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of chicken meal, 9-11 parts of mealworm protein, 0-10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7.5-9.5 parts of egg powder, 1-6 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 4-10 parts of flour, 2-3.5 parts of cassava starch, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 0.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-1 parts of multivitamins, 1.2-3.7 parts of mineral mixture, 2-3 parts of EPA, and 3-4.4 parts of DHA; S2, mixing fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast powder, cassava starch, fermented soybean meal, mealworm protein and flour to obtain a mixed powder; S3, mixing water and mixed powder in a mass ratio of 1:4-5 to obtain a raw material mixture; S4, adding fish oil, monocalcium phosphate, EPA, DHA, multivitamins and a mineral mixture to the raw material mixture, and then granulating to obtain the compound feed.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the compound feed is 1.5-2 mm.

8. Use of the compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving the intestinal health of California seabass.

9. Use of the compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving the immunity of California seabass.

10. Use of the compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving the antioxidant properties of California sea bass.

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