Low-fishy-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses low-fishy-smell DHA algal oil microcapsule powder and a preparation method thereof, the low-fishy-smell DHA algal oil microcapsule powder comprises a wall material, a core material and an emulsifier, the wall material accounts for 71-73% of the total mass of the whole microcapsule powder and comprises infant original rice flour, maltodextrin and whey protein, the core material is DHA algal oil and accounts for 24-26% of the total mass of the whole microcapsule powder, and the emulsifier accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the whole microcapsule powder. Comprising monostearin (MAC) and starch sodium octenylsuccinate (SSOS), and the mass ratio of the monostearin (MAC) to the starch sodium octenylsuccinate (SSOS) is 1: 1. Original rice flour for infants is adopted as a wall material, the flavor of the rice flour can cover and improve the fishy smell of DHA algae oil, and comprehensive and balanced nutrition of the infants can be kept by compounding the rice flour with maltodextrin and whey protein; according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the embedding rate is as high as 91%, the stability is strong, the fishy smell is greatly reduced, and a valuable opinion is provided for strengthening DHA in infant food, so that the preparation method becomes a useful tool for developing the infant food added with DHA.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and in particular to a low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder suitable for infants and young children and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), commonly known as brain gold, belongs to the ω-3 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is a highly unsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds. It is difficult for the human body to synthesize it and must be obtained from the outside. DHA algae oil is extracted from microalgae. Its production technology, safety and application in the fields of food and medicine have become the focus of domestic and foreign research institutions and enterprises. The content of DHA in the human cerebral cortex is as high as 20%, and the proportion in the retina of the eye is about 50%. It has important functions such as promoting the intelligence and vision development of fetuses and infants. Therefore, it is increasingly valued in infant formula.

[0003] Microencapsulation is a technology that embeds solid, liquid, and gaseous substances into tiny, semipermeable or closed capsules. When DHA algae oil is used in food, except for a few products that directly use oil agents, microencapsulated products are mainly used. The DHA algae oil microcapsule powder currently on the market has a low embedding rate, high surface oil content, strong fishy smell, and poor oxidative stability.

[0004] The choice of wall material is a key factor affecting the microencapsulation and stability of DHA algae oil. The wall material should not only be highly water-soluble, but also have good film-forming, emulsifying and drying properties. There are three types of wall materials commonly used in the production of DHA algae oil. One is plant gum, such as gum arabic, sodium alginate, etc.; the second is starch, polysaccharides and their derivatives such as maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, etc.; the third is protein, such as gelatin, casein and whey protein. Some researchers use soy protein isolate and maltodextrin as composite wall materials, some use low-viscosity octenyl succinate starch ester as wall materials, some use gum arabic and maltodextrin as wall materials, and some researchers use carrageenan, soy protein isolate, maltodextrin as composite wall materials to encapsulate oils, but most plant gums, starches, and polysaccharide wall materials are not suitable for infant food.

[0005] Chinese patent 201510106829.4 discloses a high-stability algae oil DHA microgel powder and its preparation method, which is composed of algae oil DHA, wall materials and antioxidants, etc. The wall materials are composed of maltodextrin, modified starch and glucose powder, and their mass ratios are 60% to 80%, 10% to 30%, and 6% to 10% respectively, and the amount accounts for 70%-90% of the mass of the algae oil DHA microcapsule powder. The algae oil DHA microcapsule powder produced by this invention has low oil content on the surface, no fishy smell of DHA oxidation, effectively delays the oxidation of algae oil DHA, improves the stability of the product, and prolongs the shelf life. However, this patent only uses maltodextrin, modified starch and glucose powder as embedding wall materials, resulting in a lack of protein content in the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder, making it have the defect of nutritional imbalance as a functional product, which is not suitable for long-term consumption by the crowd, and modified starch is also not suitable for infant food.

[0006] Chinese patent 201810350719.6 discloses a DHA algae oil microcapsule powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein DHA algae oil and vegetable oil are mixed in proportion to prepare a mixed oil with a mass ratio of saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid of 1: (1-1.5): (1-1.5), and then the mixed oil is used as the core material for microencapsulation. Among them, DHA accounts for 4%-10% of the total weight of the microcapsule. Emulsifiers and antioxidants are added to the microcapsule powder, wherein: protein and carbohydrate wall materials account for 60-78.8% of the total weight of the microcapsule, mixed oil accounts for 20-35% of the total weight of the microcapsule, emulsifier accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the microcapsule, and antioxidants account for 0.2%-2.0% of the total weight of the microcapsule. The present invention uses microcapsule embedding technology to mix a variety of oil components required by the human body according to a scientific ratio, and prepares a microcapsule powder that is easy to store and eat and rich in DHA. However, the protein used in the patent is one or more of non-GMO soy protein isolate, wheat protein, desalted whey powder, and concentrated whey protein. The carbohydrates used are one or more of lactose, maltodextrin, isomerized lactose, maltose powder, sucrose, solid corn syrup, and glucose. The formula is vague, and the wall material used is not clearly stated, and the wall material used may not be suitable for infant food.

[0007] In summary, it can be seen that in view of the problems that the wall materials used in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of infant food, have low encapsulation rate, high surface oil content, and poor oxidative stability, it is very necessary to provide a low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder that can be directly applied to infant food. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the problems that the wall material of the existing DHA algae oil microcapsule powder is unbalanced in nutrition, is not suitable for infant food, has a low embedding rate, a high surface oil content, and poor oxidative stability, the present invention provides a low-smelly DHA algae oil microcapsule powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the microcapsule powder of the present invention uses original rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein as composite wall materials, has an embedding rate of up to 91.05%, strong stability, has the fragrance of original rice flour for infants, masks and improves the fishy smell of algae oil, and can keep the nutrition of infants comprehensive and balanced at the same time. The present invention provides valuable insights into the strengthening of DHA in infant rice flour, making it a useful tool for developing DHA-added baby food.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder, comprising a wall material, a core material and an emulsifier, wherein the wall material accounts for 71-73% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, and comprises plain rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein, wherein the mass ratio of the plain rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1:(2.2-3.1):(0.9-1.8) or 1:(1.6-1.8):(2.2-2.4), the core material is DHA algae oil, accounting for 24-26% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, the emulsifier accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, and comprises monoglyceride MAC and sodium starch glycolate octenyl succinate SSOS, and the mass ratio of the monoglyceride MAC to sodium starch glycolate octenyl succinate SSOS is 1:1.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present technology, the original rice flour for infants and young children is made from high-quality rice as raw material, which is crushed, ground, and sterilized at high temperature, and is fortified with iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, E, and folic acid and pantothenic acid unique to breast milk. It is scientifically refined with multiple nutrients to maintain comprehensive and balanced nutrition for infants and young children.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present technology, the particle size of the microcapsule powder is 0.6-0.8 μm, the absolute value of the potential is greater than 28 mV, and the water content is less than 4.5%.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present technology, the DHA algae oil of the microcapsule powder accounts for 25% of the total mass of the microcapsule powder, the solid content is 30%, the mass ratio of original rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1:3:1, the emulsifier accounts for 3.5% of the total mass of the microcapsule powder, the embedding rate of the microcapsule powder is 91.05%, and the surface oil content is 2.85%.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder, comprising the following steps: S1. Preparing a primary emulsion: weighing infant plain rice flour, whey protein, maltodextrin and sodium starch octenyl succinate SSOS according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, adding the infant plain rice flour, whey protein, maltodextrin and sodium starch octenyl succinate SSOS to triple distilled water preheated to 60±5° C., stirring evenly, and emulsifying and shearing to obtain a primary emulsion; S2. Prepare the oil phase: heat the DHA algae oil to 85-90° C., add monoglyceride MAC while stirring, and stir for 10-20 minutes to obtain the oil phase; S3, adding dropwise the 85-90° C. oil phase obtained in step S2 to the primary emulsion prepared in step S1 while stirring, continuing stirring for 2-3 hours, maintaining the temperature at 55-60° C., to obtain a secondary emulsion; S4. Homogenize and spray-dry the secondary emulsion obtained in step S3 to obtain low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder with a solid content of 30%.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present technology, in step S1, the stirring speed is 1500-1600 rpm, the stirring time is 2 hours, and the emulsion temperature is maintained at 55-60°C during the stirring process.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present technology, the stirring speed in step S3 is 1500-1600 rpm.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present technology, in step S4, after the secondary emulsion is cooled to room temperature, it is homogenized by a homogenizer, the homogenization pressure is set to 25-35 MPa, the homogenization is performed 2-3 times, and the total homogenization time is 7 minutes.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present technology, in step S4, the spray drying inlet temperature is 180°C, the outlet temperature is 80°C, the feed pump speed is maintained at 25 mL / min, and the atomization speed is maintained at 50 rpm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention adopts original rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein as composite wall materials, has the unique aroma of original rice flour, can cover up and improve the fishy smell of DHA algae oil, and at the same time can maintain the comprehensive and balanced nutrition of infants; the preparation method of the present invention has an embedding rate of up to 91.05%, strong stability, greatly reduces the fishy smell, and provides valuable insights for the fortification of DHA in infant food, making it a useful tool for developing baby food with added DHA.

[0019] 1. The present invention adopts infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin and whey protein as composite wall materials. The infant plain rice flour adopts high-quality rice as raw material, is crushed, ground, sterilized at high temperature, and is fortified with iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, E and folic acid and pantothenic acid unique to breast milk, and is scientifically refined with multiple nutrients. Whey protein is a protein extracted from milk, has high nutritional value, is easy to digest and absorb, contains multiple active ingredients, and is recognized as one of the high-quality protein supplements for the human body, thereby maintaining comprehensive and balanced nutrition for infants. The infant plain rice flour as wall material can not only cover up the fishy smell, but also improve the fishy smell with its own unique rice flour aroma; 2. The present invention emulsifies the DHA algae oil with an emulsifier monoglyceride and then adds it dropwise to the preliminarily emulsified wall material. The emulsification performance is good, the entire emulsion is in a very stable state, and there is no oil-water separation phenomenon. The particle size of the DHA algae oil microcapsule is as small as 0.6-0.8 microns. When the mass ratio of infant original rice flour, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1:3:1 and the mass proportion of the emulsifier is 3.5%, the embedding rate can be as high as 91.05%, and the surface oil content is as low as 2.85%, which greatly reduces the fishy smell of the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a process flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 : are microstructure diagrams of microcapsules of Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention (bj corresponds to Examples 1 to 7 in alphabetical order); Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in peroxide value of the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder of Examples 6-8 of the present invention and the raw material DHA algae oil stored at 60° C.; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the embedding rate and surface oil content of Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Embodiments 1 to 7: Examples 1 to 7 provide a low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder and a preparation method thereof. The components and weight percentage contents thereof are shown in Table 1.

[0023] In the microcapsule powders prepared in Examples 1 to 7, the DHA content is 35% of the total weight of the microcapsules.

[0024] The method for preparing the low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder of Examples 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: S1. Preparing a primary emulsion: weighing infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin, whey protein and sodium octenyl succinate starch SSOS according to the raw material mass ratio in Table 1, adding infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin, whey protein and sodium octenyl succinate starch SSOS to triple distilled water preheated to 60±5° C., stirring for 2 h with a magnetic stirrer at a stirring speed of 1500-1600 rpm, maintaining the emulsion temperature at 55-60° C. during stirring, and stirring to obtain a primary emulsion; S2. Prepare the oil phase: heat the DHA algae oil to 85-90° C., add monoglyceride MAC while stirring, and stir for 10-20 minutes to obtain the oil phase; S3, adding dropwise the oil phase at 85-90° C. obtained in step S2 to the primary emulsion prepared in step S1 while stirring, and continuing stirring for 2-3 hours, with the stirring speed maintained at 1500-1600 rpm and the temperature maintained at 55-60° C., to obtain a secondary emulsion; S4, after cooling the secondary emulsion obtained in step S3 to room temperature, homogenize it at a homogenization pressure of 25-35 MPa, homogenize it 2-3 times, and the total homogenization time is 7 min; spray dry the homogenized emulsion, the spray drying inlet temperature is 180 ° C, the outlet temperature is 80 ° C, the feed pump speed is maintained at 25 mL / min, and the atomization speed is maintained at 50 rpm, so as to obtain a low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder with a solid content of 30%.

[0025] Table 1 shows the components and contents of Examples 1 to 7

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the microcapsule powders of Examples 1 to 7 are structurally complete, without visible cracks and clear edges, and most of them are spherical, indicating that the microcapsule wall material of this patent effectively protects the core material DHA from oxidation and has stable quality.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, it is a graph showing the change in peroxide value of the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder and the raw material DHA algae oil stored at 60°C in Examples 1, 6, and 7 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the initial peroxide value POV of all test samples before storage was about 1.2g / 100g. This means that no lipid oxidation occurred in the emulsion preparation and spray drying during the encapsulation process of the embodiment of the present invention. After storage at 60°C for 12 days, the maximum peroxide value of the raw material DHA algae oil was 7.04g / 100g, while the peroxide value of the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder of the embodiment of the present invention was about 2.20g / 100g, indicating that the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder of the embodiment of the present invention has high heat resistance and can improve the oxidative stability of the core material DHA algae oil.

[0028] Comparative Example 1: The components, weight percentage contents and preparation methods of Comparative Example 1 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass ratio of original rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1:3.2:0.8.

[0029] Comparative Example 2: The raw material composition and preparation method of Comparative Example 2 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass ratio of infant plain rice flour: maltodextrin: whey protein is 1:2:2.

[0030] Comparative Example 3: The raw material composition and preparation method of Comparative Example 3 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the wall material is composed of solid corn syrup, maltodextrin and whey protein, and the mass ratio of solid corn syrup, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1:3:1. The preparation method is as follows: in step S1, 3% of an emulsifier and a wall material are added to triple distilled water at 60±5°C, and a magnetic stirrer is used to stir for 2h at a stirring speed of 1500-1600rpm. During the stirring process, the emulsion temperature is maintained at 55-60°C, and the primary emulsion is obtained by uniform stirring; then, DHA algae oil is directly added dropwise to the primary emulsion, and the stirring is continued for 2-3h at a stirring speed of 1500-1600rpm and a temperature of 55-60°C to obtain a secondary emulsion; finally, the secondary emulsion is cooled to room temperature and homogenized at a homogenization pressure of 25-35Mpa, homogenized 2-3 times, and the total homogenization time is 7min; the homogenized emulsion is spray-dried, the spray drying inlet temperature is 180°C, the outlet temperature is 80°C, the feed pump speed is maintained at 25mL / min, and the atomization speed is maintained at 50rpm, so as to obtain DHA algae oil microcapsule powder with a solid content of 30%.

[0031] Performance testing: 1. The DHA algae oil microcapsule powders prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were tested, and the test data are shown in Table 2; Table 2

[0032] Note: The higher the surface oil, the lower the embedding rate; the stability is limited to storage at 65°C and the peroxide value exceeds 5meq / kg, and the longest period is only 12 days.

[0033] As can be seen from Table 2, the average particle size and potential of Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention vary significantly with the changes in the wall material ratio and emulsifier. The wall material has a greater effect on the particle size and potential than the emulsifier. The particle size of the DHA algae oil microcapsule powder is about 0.615 to 0.735 μm, indicating that our substance has been successfully and completely encapsulated. The surface oil content of the microcapsule powders of Examples 1 to 7 ranges from 2.85% to 5.65%, and the embedding rate ranges from 83.4% to 91.05%. There are significant differences in the surface oil content and embedding rate of microcapsule powders with different wall material ratios and emulsifier contents. The microcapsule powder of Example 6 has the highest embedding rate of 91.05%, the lowest surface oil content of 2.85%, and the best stability. Therefore, the component content ratio conditions of Example 6 are the optimal conditions for preparing the low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder of this patent: the solid content is 30%, DHA algae oil accounts for 25% of the total mass of the microcapsule, the wall material ratio is infant raw material rice flour: maltodextrin: whey protein = 1:3:1, and the emulsifier is 3.5% (SSOS: MAC = 1:1).

[0034] The larger the absolute value of the potential, the stronger the interaction between the particles and the stronger the stability of the particles in the solution. The absolute values ​​of the potential values ​​of Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention are 28.03 to 35.97 mV, indicating that the preparation method of the present invention can improve the stability of DHA algae oil microcapsule powder in aqueous solution.

[0035] From Table 2 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the embedding rates of Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3 are low, the surface oil content is high and the stability is poor. Comparative Example 3 uses solid corn syrup to replace the original rice flour for infants and young children, which cannot meet the requirements of balanced nutrition for infants and young children.

[0036] 2. The relative content of aldehyde substances in the DHA algae oil microcapsule powders prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was tested. The test data are shown in Table 3; Table 3

[0037] As shown in Table 3, the total content of aldehydes in Examples 1 to 7 is less than 12.7%, among which the total content of aldehydes in Example 6 is the lowest, which is 5.69. The total content of aldehydes in Comparative Examples 1-3 is greater than 19%. Aldehydes are the main fishy smell substances in DHA algae oil microcapsule powder, especially (E, E)-2,4-heptadienal and n-hexanal. As shown in Table 3, the total content of these two substances in the microcapsule powders of Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention is between 2.91-7.09%, while the total content of these two substances in the microcapsule powder of Comparative Example 1 is 25.27, the total content of these two substances in the microcapsule powder of Comparative Example 2 is 17.42, and the total content of these two substances in the microcapsule powder of Comparative Example 3 is 14.54. Combined with the corresponding embedding rate, the higher the embedding rate, the better the masking of the fishy smell of DHA algae oil. It can be seen that the fishy smell of the microcapsule powder of the embodiment of the present invention is much lower than that of the comparative example.

[0038] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder, comprising a wall material, a core material and an emulsifier, characterized in that: The wall material accounts for 71-73% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, including infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin and whey protein, and the mass ratio of the infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1: (2.2-3.1): (0.9-1.8) or 1: (1.6-1.8): (2.2-2.4). The core material is DHA algae oil, accounting for 24-26% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder. The emulsifier accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, including monoglyceride MAC and sodium starch glycolate octenyl succinate SSOS, and the mass ratio of monoglyceride MAC and sodium starch glycolate octenyl succinate SSOS is 1:

1.

2. A low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The original rice flour for infants and young children is made from high-quality rice, which is crushed, ground, and sterilized at high temperature. It is also fortified with iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, E, and folic acid and pantothenic acid unique to breast milk. It is scientifically refined with multiple nutrients to maintain comprehensive and balanced nutrition for infants and young children.

3. A low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the microcapsule powder is 0.6-0.8 μm, the absolute value of the potential is greater than 28 mV, and the water content is less than 4.5%.

4. A low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DHA algae oil of the microcapsule powder accounts for 25% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, the solid content is 30%, the mass ratio of original rice flour for infants, maltodextrin and whey protein is 1:3:1, the emulsifier accounts for 3.5% of the total mass of the entire microcapsule powder, the embedding rate of the microcapsule powder is 91.05%, and the surface oil content is 2.85%.

5. A method for preparing low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Preparing a primary emulsion: weighing infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin, whey protein and sodium starch octenyl succinate SSOS according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, adding the infant plain rice flour, maltodextrin, whey protein and sodium starch octenyl succinate SSOS to triple distilled water preheated to 60±5° C., stirring evenly, and emulsifying and shearing to obtain a primary emulsion; S2. Prepare the oil phase: heat the DHA algae oil to 85-90° C., add monoglyceride MAC while stirring, and stir for 10-20 minutes to obtain the oil phase; S3, adding dropwise the 85-90° C. oil phase obtained in step S2 to the primary emulsion prepared in step S1 while stirring, continuing stirring for 2-3 hours, maintaining the temperature at 55-60° C., to obtain a secondary emulsion; S4. Homogenize and spray-dry the secondary emulsion obtained in step S3 to obtain low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder with a solid content of 30%.

6. The method for preparing low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the stirring speed is 1500-1600 rpm, the stirring time is 2 hours, and the emulsion temperature is maintained at 55-60° C. during the stirring process.

7. The method for preparing low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stirring speed in step S3 is 1500-1600 rpm.

8. The method for preparing low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step S4, the secondary emulsion is cooled to room temperature and then homogenized by a homogenizer. The homogenization pressure is set to 25-35 MPa, and the homogenization is performed 2-3 times. The total homogenization time is 7 minutes.

9. The method for preparing low-smell DHA algae oil microcapsule powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the spray drying inlet temperature is 180° C., the outlet temperature is 80° C., the feed pump speed is maintained at 25 mL / min, and the atomization speed is maintained at 50 rpm.

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