Radiation-resistant aluminum-based layered composite board and explosive welding method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-radiation aluminum-based layered composite board and an explosive welding method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal material welding. According to the method, aluminum or aluminum alloy serves as a base plate, tantalum or tantalum alloy serves as a compound plate, a titanium / titanium alloy middle transition layer is introduced, direct impact of explosive detonation on the compound plate is avoided through an aluminum protection plate, a powdery emulsion explosive is combined with an inert diluent to regulate and control energy parameters, and gaps between plates are accurately set based on the explosive welding window theory; and one-time forming metallurgical bonding of multiple layers of heterogeneous materials is achieved. The density of the obtained composite board is reduced by 40% compared with that of a traditional lead protection layer, and the composite board has the characteristics of radiation resistance, light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance and is suitable for manufacturing of spacecraft radiation protection layers and other deep space equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal material welding, and specifically relates to a radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate and an explosive welding method thereof, which is particularly suitable for high-strength metallurgical bonding of tantalum alloys and aluminum alloys, and can be applied to the manufacture of deep space equipment such as spacecraft radiation protection layers. Background Art

[0002] Since the strong radiation environment in space can easily cause corrosion of metal materials in deep space equipment, conventional metal materials are gradually unable to meet the needs of future deep space exploration service environments. Key equipment such as spacecraft radiation protection layers urgently need to develop materials that are both radiation-resistant, high-strength and lightweight. As an important advanced metal material, radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plates have excellent material properties such as radiation resistance, high corrosion resistance, high specific strength and lightweight. They are metal composite plates that urgently need to be developed in the face of strong radiation service environments in space. Compared with traditional radiation-resistant metal materials such as lead, tantalum and tantalum alloys have excellent properties such as high melting point, corrosion resistance and good high and low temperature mechanical properties, and are suitable for equipment parts that are exposed to radiation environments for a long time.

[0003] Aluminum alloy materials have excellent properties such as light weight, high specific strength, and high corrosion resistance, and are widely used in the manufacture of main structures of aviation equipment. However, due to the large differences in material properties such as the melting point and density of tantalum and aluminum alloy, traditional composite technology has bottleneck problems such as insufficient interface bonding strength and high welding defect rate in the composite process of tantalum and aluminum alloy, making it difficult to achieve high-quality composite of tantalum and aluminum alloy.

[0004] As a special solid-state welding process, explosive welding uses the huge energy generated instantly by the explosion of explosives to drive the metal to be welded to collide obliquely at high speed, which can achieve high-strength metallurgical bonding of heterogeneous metals with large differences in material properties. It has irreplaceable advantages in high-end equipment manufacturing fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, petrochemical, and nuclear industries. The key to explosive welding technology is to control and utilize the energy of explosives to produce strong plastic deformation and thermal-mechanical-phase change coupling effects at the interface of the metal to be welded, thereby forming a high-strength metallurgical bonding layer. Because explosive welding technology provides energy through the detonation of explosives, it is less restricted by equipment than other technologies, and has a unique advantage in one-time forming in the composite of large-size and multi-layer heterogeneous metal materials.

[0005] However, the existing explosive welding technology still has the following technical bottlenecks in the preparation of tantalum / aluminum alloy composite plates:

[0006] Imprecise control of explosive energy: The existing explosive formula and charging method make it difficult to accurately control the detonation speed and intensity, resulting in uneven energy release during welding and unstable interface bonding strength.

[0007] Composite plates are easily damaged: Tantalum and tantalum alloy composite plates are easily affected by the direct impact of explosive detonation during explosive welding, resulting in surface damage or local deformation of the material, affecting the overall performance of the composite plate.

[0008] Multi-layer composite is difficult: Existing processes make it difficult to achieve high-quality composite of multiple layers of heterogeneous metal materials in one molding, especially in complex structural designs, where there are great challenges in optimizing the gap parameters between plates and regulating energy distribution.

[0009] In summary, traditional lead-based materials are difficult to meet the needs of deep space exploration due to their high density and poor corrosion resistance. Although tantalum alloys have the advantages of high melting point and radiation resistance, the difference in physical properties between them and aluminum alloys leads to problems such as insufficient interface bonding strength and high welding defect rate in traditional welding technology. Existing explosive welding technology cannot meet the urgent needs of deep space equipment for lightweight, high-strength and corrosion-resistant materials due to inaccurate control of explosive energy, easy damage to composite plates and difficulties in multi-layer composites. Therefore, the development of an explosive welding method that can efficiently solve the composite problem of tantalum / aluminum alloys and improve the comprehensive performance of composite plates has become a key technical requirement in this field. Summary of the invention

[0010] The present invention aims to solve the technical bottlenecks of insufficient interface bonding strength, high welding defect rate and limited radiation resistance of tantalum-aluminum alloy composite plates.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for explosive welding of a radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Based on the density of the composite board and thickness Setting the inter-plate gap parameters in stages :

[0014] <5g / cm 3 hour, ;

[0015] 5≤ ≤10g / cm 3 hour, ;

[0016] >10g / cm 3 hour, ;

[0017] S2. Aluminum or aluminum alloy is used as the substrate, tantalum or tantalum alloy is used as the composite plate, and a metal or alloy intermediate transition layer with good solid solubility is provided between the substrate and the composite plate;

[0018] S3. The composite plate is fixed under the aluminum protective plate by epoxy resin adhesive, and the gap parameters between the substrate, the intermediate transition layer and the composite plate are controlled by the inter-plate gap bracket ;

[0019] S4. Powdered emulsion explosive is placed above the protective plate, and the density of the explosive is 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 The detonation velocity is 1800-2300 m / s; after detonation, the metallurgical bonding of the composite plate and the base plate is achieved.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the intermediate transition layer is a titanium or titanium alloy plate with a thickness of 1-2 mm.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the powdered emulsion explosive is mixed with an inert diluent, and the mass of the diluent accounts for 10% to 30% of the total mass of the explosive.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the aluminum protection plate is made of 1060Al or 6063Al, and its thickness is 1.5 to 2 times the thickness of the composite plate.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the inter-plate gap support is an aluminum cylindrical support column, and its height and gap parameters are match.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the detonator is arranged at the midpoint of the end of the explosive box, and the size of the box is larger than the size of the protection plate, and the detonator ignition zone is located outside the multi-layer plate to be welded.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the tantalum alloy is Ta2.5W or Ta-Nb alloy, the aluminum alloy is 2 series or 7 series aviation aluminum alloy, the composite plate thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the substrate thickness is 3-10 mm.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the charge height of the explosive is Satisfies the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] in, For the calculation coefficient, take 1.5; is the density of explosive.

[0029] Second aspect: The present invention provides a radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate material, which is produced by the explosion welding method of the above-mentioned radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate material.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention uses an innovative explosive welding method to select lightweight, high-strength titanium metal with good solid solubility as the intermediate transition layer of the composite plate, effectively solving the problems of welding difficulties and low bonding quality caused by large differences in material properties of tantalum and aluminum metal materials, successfully achieving high-quality composites of tantalum / aluminum layered metal materials, and effectively solving the problem of insufficient interface bonding strength in traditional processes, providing reliable materials for equipment protection in strong radiation environments such as deep space exploration. At the same time, while maintaining high specific strength, the composite plate has achieved significant lightweighting, with a density 40% lower than that of traditional lead protective layers, which helps to reduce the weight of spacecraft and improve fuel efficiency.

[0032] In addition, by precisely controlling the explosive density, detonation velocity and inter-plate gap parameters, the present invention ensures the stability of the explosion welding process, reduces the welding defect rate, and achieves one-time high-quality composite of multi-layer heterogeneous materials.

[0033] With these advantages, the present invention not only meets the needs of high-end equipment manufacturing for radiation resistance, high corrosion resistance, high specific strength and lightweight materials, but also provides new technical solutions for deep space exploration, nuclear industry protection and other fields, showing broad market application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of parallel explosion welding of composite plates;

[0036] Figure 2 Physical diagram of the assembly of the composite plate protection structure for explosive welding of tantalum and tantalum alloy thin plates;

[0037] Figure 3 This is the microstructure diagram of the explosion welding interface;

[0038] In the figure: 1. detonator; 2. explosive; 3. protective plate; 4. double plate; 5. support column; 6. intermediate transition layer; 7. base plate; 8. sand foundation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] 1. Material Preparation

[0042] Substrate 7: 2024Al aluminum alloy plate, size 500mm×250mm×3mm;

[0043] Composite plate 4: Ta2.5W tantalum-tungsten alloy thin plate, size 400mm×200mm×0.5mm;

[0044] Intermediate transition layer 6: TA2 titanium plate, size 500mm×250mm×1mm;

[0045] Protection plate 3: 1060Al aluminum plate, size 500mm×250mm×1mm.

[0046] 2. Surface treatment

[0047] The surfaces of the substrate 7, the composite plate 4 and the titanium plate were polished by sandpaper (roughness Ra≤1.6 μm), and cleaned with acetone to remove stains.

[0048] 3. Fixing and gap setting of double plate 4

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, a Ta2.5W tantalum-tungsten alloy sheet is pasted to the bottom of a 1060Al aluminum plate through a centered epoxy resin adhesive, and the epoxy resin adhesive coating thickness is 0.1 mm;

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the panels are alternately stacked on a flat sandy foundation 8, wherein based on the density of the composite panels and thickness Setting the inter-plate gap parameters in stages The aluminum cylindrical support columns 5 with lengths of 2 mm and 3 mm are used to alternately set the gaps between the 2024Al aluminum alloy plate-TA2 titanium plate-Ta2.5W tantalum tungsten alloy plate.

[0051] 4. Explosive 2 placement and detonation

[0052] Powdered emulsion explosive 2 (density 0.8g / cm³, detonation velocity 2100m / s) is loosely filled into the prefabricated explosive 2 box (700mm×350mm×50mm), with a filling height of 10mm;

[0053] The detonator 1 is placed at the midpoint of the end of the cartridge. After detonation, the explosive 2 drives the 1060Al aluminum plate and the Ta2.5W tantalum-tungsten alloy plate to collide with the 2024Al aluminum alloy plate at high speed, thereby realizing the one-time forming and effective compounding of the multi-layer lightweight metal plates.

[0054] 5. Post-processing and testing

[0055] The protective plate 3 is removed, and the composite plate is subjected to wire cutting processing;

[0056] Combination Figure 3 It can be seen that the metallographic microscope (manufacturer: Shanghai Cewei Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., model: LW600LJT) shows that the interface bonding layer presents a wavy or jagged shape, which is the result of the violent flow and mixing of materials caused by high-speed collision during the explosive welding process, and there are no defects such as curling and cracks. This fully proves the advantages and effects of the welding method of this embodiment in improving welding stability.

[0057] Embodiment 2:

[0058] 1. Material replacement

[0059] Substrate 7: 7075Al aluminum alloy plate, thickness 3.0 mm;

[0060] Composite plate 4: Ta-Nb alloy plate, thickness 0.5 mm;

[0061] Intermediate transition layer 6: TC4 titanium alloy plate, thickness 1.0 mm;

[0062] Protection plate 3: 6063Al aluminum plate, thickness 1.0mm.

[0063] 2. Process adjustment

[0064] The inter-plate gap between the 7075Al aluminum alloy plate and the TC4 titanium alloy plate was set to 2 mm;

[0065] The inter-plate gap between the TC4 titanium alloy plate and the Ta-Nb alloy plate was set to 3 mm;

[0066] Explosive 2 is mixed with 25% quartz sand inert diluent, with a density of 0.75g / cm³, a detonation velocity of 1950m / s, and a charge height of 15mm.

[0067] The rest of the process is consistent with that of the first embodiment.

[0068] Test results: The composite plate has no obvious damage or fracture, and there are no obvious cracks, pores or other defects at the bonding interface. The welding quality is good.

[0069] Embodiment three:

[0070] 1. Parameter Optimization

[0071] Substrate 7: 2024Al aluminum alloy plate, thickness 5.0 mm;

[0072] Composite plate 4: Ta2.5W tantalum plate, thickness 1.0mm;

[0073] Intermediate transition layer 6: TA2 titanium plate, thickness 2.0 mm;

[0074] Protection plate 3: 1060Al aluminum plate, thickness 2.0mm.

[0075] Explosive 2 is mixed with 15% quartz sand inert diluent, with a density of 0.90g / cm³, a detonation velocity of 2300m / s, and a charge height of 10mm.

[0076] The rest of the process is consistent with that of the first embodiment.

[0077] Test results: The composite plate has no obvious damage or fracture, and there are no obvious cracks, pores or other defects at the bonding interface. The welding quality is good.

[0078] In summary, the present invention innovatively forms a layered structure through the material combination of tantalum alloy-titanium alloy-aluminum alloy, taking into account both radiation resistance and lightweight requirements; through precise matching of the gap and the parameters of the explosive 2, high-quality interface bonding is ensured; and the aluminum protective plate 3 is fixed with epoxy resin glue to avoid damage to the thin plate and improve the yield rate; the overall composite plate has no obvious damage or fracture, and there are no obvious cracks, pores and other defect characteristics at the bonding interface, the welding quality is good, and the radiation resistance is significantly better than that of a single material. In the fields of spacecraft radiation protection layer, nuclear reactor shielding structure, high-energy particle detector, etc., it has broad application prospects and significant economic and social value.

[0079] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plates, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the density of the composite board and thickness Setting the inter-plate gap parameters in stages : <5g / cm 3 hour, ; 5≤ ≤10g / cm 3 hour, ; >10g / cm 3 hour, ; S2. Aluminum or aluminum alloy is used as the substrate, tantalum or tantalum alloy is used as the composite plate, and a metal or alloy intermediate transition layer with good solid solubility is provided between the substrate and the composite plate; S3. The composite plate is fixed under the aluminum protective plate by epoxy resin adhesive, and the gap parameters between the substrate, the intermediate transition layer and the composite plate are controlled by the inter-plate gap bracket ; S4. Powdered emulsion explosive is placed above the protective plate, and the density of the explosive is 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 The detonation velocity is 1800-2300 m / s; after detonation, the metallurgical bonding of the composite plate and the base plate is achieved.

2. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate transition layer is a titanium or titanium alloy plate with a thickness of 1-2 mm.

3. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powdered emulsion explosive is mixed with an inert diluent, and the mass of the diluent accounts for 10% to 30% of the total mass of the explosive.

4. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the aluminum protection plate is 1060Al or 6063Al, and its thickness is 1.5 to 2 times the thickness of the composite plate.

5. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inter-plate gap bracket is an aluminum cylindrical support column, and its height and gap parameters are match.

6. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonator is arranged at the midpoint of the end of the explosive box, and the size of the box is larger than the size of the protection plate. The detonator ignition zone is located outside the multi-layer plate to be welded.

7. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tantalum alloy is Ta2.5W or Ta-Nb alloy, the aluminum alloy is 2 series or 7 series aviation aluminum alloy, the thickness of the composite plate is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 3-10 mm.

8. The method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging height of the explosive Satisfies the following formula: ； in, For the calculation coefficient, take 1.5; is the density of explosive.

9. Radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet, characterized in that: The radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-8.

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