High-energy hole underholing blasting method and system for stratified rock stratum roadway spallation

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a layered rock stratum roadway layer crack high-energy hole underholing blasting method and system. The method is applied to the technical field of blasting and comprises the steps that rock stratum bedding distribution scanning is conducted through a geological radar, rock mass parameters are acquired, a bedding face dip angle and an excavation working face intersection angle are obtained, and the bedding distribution condition is obtained; dynamic hole net design is carried out based on rock mass parameters, blast hole pitch determination and optimization are carried out respectively, and a three-dimensional blast hole arrangement diagram is constructed; selecting proper positions to arrange blast holes based on the three-dimensional blast hole arrangement diagram, and automatically filling holes of the blast holes through a layered charging device to complete charging of the blast holes; and after blast hole charging is completed, a detonation time sequence theoretical model is constructed, and millisecond-level hierarchical control detonation is carried out. In this way, by setting the detonating sequence and optimizing the charging structure, the comprehensive target of efficient rock breaking, precise forming and surrounding rock protection is achieved, and the method is suitable for safe and efficient tunneling of deep complex layered rock roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of blasting technology, and in particular, to a method and system for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway Background Art

[0002] During the drilling and blasting excavation of underground chambers, the main function of cut blasting is to form an additional free face and reduce the difficulty of subsequent blasting. Therefore, a good cut blasting effect is the key to realizing efficient drilling and blasting excavation of underground chambers.

[0003] Traditional cut blasting methods have the clamping effect of a single free face. Under the condition of a single free face, the blasting energy utilization rate of conventional cut holes is low, the rock fragmentation is insufficient, resulting in low cut efficiency and high explosive consumption per unit. Moreover, the bedding plane is prone to become a weak zone for the transmission of blasting energy, leading to the dispersion of stress waves or the excessive extension along the bedding plane, causing surrounding rock damage or overbreak and underbreak phenomena. In addition, the traditional charge structure is prone to cause imbalance in energy distribution, resulting in damage to the surrounding rock fixture or excessive blasting vibration.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a method for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure provides a method and system for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway, which solves the technical problem that the prior art cannot effectively and accurately perform cut blasting, affecting the blasting effect, by setting the initiation sequence and optimizing the charge structure.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway is provided, including the following steps:

[0007] Scanning the bedding distribution of the rock layer by a ground penetrating radar, collecting the rock mass parameters, obtaining the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, and obtaining the bedding distribution;

[0008] Based on the rock mass parameters, dynamically design the hole pattern, determine and optimize the hole distances of the splitting holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes respectively, and construct a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram;

[0009] Based on the three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram, select a suitable position to arrange the splitting holes, and symmetrically arrange the cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes along the splitting holes, and automatically fill the blast hole pores by a layered charger to complete the blast hole charging;

[0010] After completing the blast hole charging, construct an initiation timing theoretical model and perform millisecond-level hierarchical controlled initiation.

[0011] For the aspects and any possible implementation methods described above, a further implementation method is provided. The process of scanning the bedding distribution of rock strata by ground penetrating radar, collecting rock mass parameters, obtaining the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation face, and obtaining the bedding distribution is as follows:

[0012] Use a high-frequency ground penetrating radar to arrange survey lines along the axial direction of the roadway, scan the rock strata in the cut area with a depth covering the cut area, identify the bedding interface through the characteristics of the radar reflection waveform, obtain the single-layer bedding spacing, and calculate the bedding spacing, the dip angle of the bedding plane, and the intersection angle of the excavation face;

[0013] Drill holes at the roadway heading face, measure the longitudinal wave velocity by the cross-hole method, and calculate the rock mass integrity coefficient;

[0014] Take samples at the bedding interface and conduct a Brazilian splitting test on the samples to calculate the tensile strength of the bedding plane.

[0015] For the aspects and any possible implementation methods described above, a further implementation method is provided. The process of performing dynamic hole pattern design based on the rock mass parameters, respectively determining and optimizing the hole distances of the splitting holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes, and constructing a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram is as follows:

[0016] Obtain the splitting hole parameters and explosive parameters, calculate the charge amount of the splitting holes, and calculate the splitting hole spacing based on the tensile strength of the bedding plane and the charge amount of the splitting holes;

[0017] Experimentally obtain the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock and dynamically adjust the cut hole burden. Calculate the cut hole spacing based on the cut hole burden, and calculate the auxiliary hole spacing, and at the same time complete the dynamic adjustment and optimization of the splitting hole spacing;

[0018] Obtain the surrounding rock Prandtl coefficient based on the rock structure characteristics, and calculate the perimeter hole spacing and the perimeter hole charge density;

[0019] Conduct dynamic hole pattern position design based on the splitting hole spacing, cut hole spacing, auxiliary hole spacing, and perimeter hole spacing respectively, and conduct dynamic hole pattern layout angle design based on the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation face to obtain a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram.

[0020] For the aspects and any possible implementation methods described above, a further implementation method is provided. The process of dynamically adjusting and optimizing the splitting hole spacing is as follows:

[0021] Predict the blasting fragmentation volume based on the cut hole burden, cut hole dip angle, and cut hole depth to obtain the theoretical cut volume;

[0022] Use dynamic three-dimensional scanning to measure the actual cut volume in the cut area after blasting to obtain the measured cut volume;

[0023] Based on the theoretical cut volume and the measured cut volume, dynamically optimize the spacing of the bedding split holes to obtain the corrected spacing of the bedding split holes.

[0024] For the aspects and any possible implementation manners as described above, a further implementation manner is provided. The process of selecting appropriate positions to arrange bedding split holes based on the three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram, symmetrically arranging cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes along the bedding split holes, and automatically filling the pore spaces of the blast holes through a sectional charge loader to complete the blast hole charging is as follows:

[0025] Based on the spacing of the bedding split holes, the dip angle of the bedding plane, and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, arrange high-energy bedding split holes on the bedding plane, and further symmetrically arrange cut holes along the bedding plane.

[0026] Charge the bedding split holes based on the charge amount of the bedding split holes. By directly contacting the explosive with the hole wall and matching the diameter of the cartridge with the hole diameter for coupled charging.

[0027] Calculate the charge amount of the wedge cut holes, and use the sectional charging method to charge the wedge cut holes.

[0028] Based on the burden of the cut holes, calculate the controlled area of the auxiliary holes, and based on the controlled area of the auxiliary holes and combined with the depth of the auxiliary holes, calculate the charge amount of the auxiliary holes and charge the auxiliary holes.

[0029] Use the decoupled charging method to charge the perimeter holes to complete the charging of the perimeter holes.

[0030] For the aspects and any possible implementation manners as described above, a further implementation manner is provided. The process of calculating the charge amount of the wedge cut holes and using the sectional charging method to charge the wedge cut holes is as follows:

[0031] Based on the burden of the cut holes and obtain the depth of the cut holes, and calculate the charge amount of the wedge cut holes in combination with the charge amount per unit volume.

[0032] Based on the dip angle of the cut holes, calculate the sectional ratio, and based on the sectional ratio, perform sectionalization of the cut holes and fill them with explosives.

[0033] For the aspects and any possible implementation manners as described above, a further implementation manner is provided. The process of using the decoupled charging method to charge the perimeter holes to complete the charging of the perimeter holes is as follows:

[0034] Based on the diameter of the perimeter holes and the diameter of the cartridges, calculate the decoupling coefficient of the perimeter holes.

[0035] Calculate the charging density of the perimeter holes according to the Proctor coefficient of the surrounding rock and the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock.

[0036] Determine the cartridge diameter under the actual working conditions based on the decoupling coefficient of the peripheral holes, and complete the charging of the peripheral holes in combination with the charging density of the peripheral holes.

[0037] In the aspects and any possible implementation manners described above, a further implementation manner is provided. The initiation timing theoretical model includes a stress wave superposition delay formula and a presplitting delay formula for the laminating holes. Among them, the stress wave superposition delay formula is:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, C p is the P-wave velocity of the rock mass, δ is the safety margin, Δt1 is the initiation delay of adjacent blast holes, W is the burden of the cut hole, and S2 is the hole spacing of the cut hole.

[0040] The presplitting delay formula for the laminating holes is:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, C s is the detonation velocity of the explosive, Δt2 is the initiation delay of the laminating holes, and L1 is the depth of the laminating holes.

[0043] According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, a laminating high-energy hole cut blasting system for a roadway in a layered rock formation is provided, including: a bedding plane condition acquisition module, a blast hole layout module, a charging module, and an initiation module;

[0044] The bedding plane condition acquisition module is used to scan the bedding distribution of the rock formation through a ground penetrating radar, collect rock mass parameters, and obtain the bedding plane dip angle and the intersection angle of the excavation working face to obtain the bedding distribution;

[0045] The blast hole layout module is used to perform dynamic hole pattern design based on the rock mass parameters, determine and optimize the hole spacing of the laminating holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes respectively, and construct a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram;

[0046] The charging module is used to select appropriate positions to arrange the laminating holes based on the three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram, and symmetrically arrange the cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes along the laminating holes, and automatically fill the blast hole pores through a layered charger to complete the charging of the blast holes;

[0047] The initiation module is used to construct an initiation timing theoretical model and perform millisecond-level hierarchical controlled initiation after the blast hole charging is completed.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0049] (1) The present invention forms a free surface along the bedding plane through the preformed high-energy holes of spalling, enabling the cut holes to have a double free surface (the original free surface + the spalling surface) during blasting, significantly reducing the clamping effect of the rock, and improving the cut efficiency by 20%-30%;

[0050] (2) The optimized charge structure and initiation sequence (spalling holes → cut holes → auxiliary holes → perimeter holes) of the present invention control the blasting vibration velocity within 10 cm / s, reducing the surrounding rock damage depth by more than 40%;

[0051] (3) The theoretical model of the initiation sequence constructed by the present invention realizes the precise distribution and dynamic adaptation of blasting energy by quantifying the correlation mechanism of stress wave propagation, layered throwing, and vibration attenuation, which is an important method for improving the cut efficiency and controlling blasting hazards.

[0052] It should be understood that the content described in the summary of the invention section is not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In combination with the accompanying drawings and with reference to the following detailed description, the above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent. The drawings are used to better understand the solution and do not constitute a limitation to the present disclosure. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, where:

[0054] Figure 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for cut blasting with high-energy spalling holes in a roadway of a layered rock formation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system for cut blasting with high-energy spalling holes in a roadway of a layered rock formation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0057] To make the above objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0058] Refer to Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway layer splitting, including the following steps:

[0059] S101. Scan the bedding distribution of the rock layer through a geological radar, collect rock mass parameters, obtain the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, and obtain the bedding distribution.

[0060] In this embodiment, a geological compass is used to measure the strike, dip angle and dip direction of the bedding to obtain the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face. At the same time, a high-frequency geological radar is used to arrange survey lines along the axial direction of the roadway, and the scanning depth covers the rock layer in the cut area. The bedding interface is identified through the characteristics of the radar reflection waveform, and the bedding spacing d is marked, which is used to screen the bedding interface suitable for arranging high-energy layer splitting holes. Specifically:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, d i is the single-layer bedding spacing, and n is the number of layers.

[0063] Drill holes at the roadway heading face, and use the cross-hole method to measure the longitudinal wave velocity V p , and calculate the rock mass integrity coefficient K v . Specifically:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, V pr is the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock completed in the laboratory.

[0066] Subsequently, take samples at the bedding interface and conduct a Brazilian splitting test to calculate the tensile strength of the bedding plane. Specifically:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, σ t is the tensile strength of the bedding plane (MPa), Fmax is the failure load, D is the specimen diameter, and t is the specimen thickness.

[0069] S102. Based on the rock mass parameters, conduct dynamic hole pattern design, determine and optimize the hole distances of layer splitting holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes respectively, and construct a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram.

[0070] In this embodiment, 1-2 high-energy bedding cleavage holes are arranged at the bedding interface in the middle or the middle-lower part of the roadway section. Wedge-shaped cut holes are evenly arranged on both sides of the bedding cleavage holes (both sides of the bedding interface where the bedding cleavage holes are arranged), and auxiliary holes and perimeter holes are arranged successively outward. The specific hole spacing is determined, and a three-dimensional hole layout diagram is constructed. Among them, the bedding interface with a bedding spacing d ≤ 0.5 m is preferably selected to arrange the high-energy bedding cleavage holes to ensure the penetration efficiency of the bedding plane.

[0071] In the hole pattern, it is first necessary to determine the spacing of the bedding cleavage holes, specifically:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, S1 is the spacing of the bedding cleavage holes, k is the spacing coefficient, specifically 0.8 - 1.2, Q1 is the charge amount (kg) of the bedding cleavage holes, and E e is the specific energy of the explosive (MJ / kg).

[0074] Among them, the charge amount Q1 of the bedding cleavage holes is specifically:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, D1 is the diameter of the bedding cleavage hole, L1 is the depth of the bedding cleavage hole, ρ e is the density of the explosive, and λ is the charging coefficient.

[0077] By dynamically adjusting the charge amount Q1 of the bedding cleavage holes, it is ensured that the explosion stress wave of the bedding cleavage holes is sufficient to penetrate the bedding plane, and at the same time, the damage of the surrounding rock is suppressed.

[0078] Secondly, the wedge-shaped cut holes are arranged in a gradient manner, and the resistance line W of the cut holes is dynamically adjusted according to the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, specifically:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, D2 is the diameter of the cut hole, ρ r is the density of the rock, and σ c is the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock

[0081] Based on the resistance line of the cut holes, the hole spacing of the wedge-shaped cut holes is designed, specifically:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, α is the inclination angle of the cut hole, S2 is the hole spacing of the cut hole, and K v is the rock mass integrity coefficient.

[0084] Finally, the auxiliary holes and perimeter holes are arranged adaptively. In this embodiment, the correlation between the resistance line W of the cut holes and the auxiliary holes is constructed to dynamically adjust the spacing of the auxiliary holes, specifically:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, S3 is the spacing of the auxiliary holes.

[0087] Meanwhile, optimize the spacing of the perimeter holes according to the Protodyakonov coefficient f of the surrounding rock, specifically:

[0088] S4 = 0.6f (9)

[0089] Among them, S4 is the spacing of the perimeter holes.

[0090] After obtaining the four kinds of hole distances respectively, conduct position design based on the hole distances and conduct dynamic hole pattern angle design based on the bedding plane dip angle and the intersection angle of the excavation working face to obtain a three-dimensional blast hole layout drawing.

[0091] This embodiment constructs a dynamic feedback mechanism for the hole distance of the splitting holes. By inversely calculating the splitting hole spacing based on the theoretical cut volume and the actual cut volume after blasting, dynamically optimize and correct the splitting holes. The specific process is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, S1' is the corrected splitting hole spacing, V 实测 is the measured cut volume, obtained by three-dimensional scanning measurement, V 理论 is the theoretical cut volume, specifically:

[0094] V 理论 = WL2sinα (11)

[0095] S103. Based on the three-dimensional blast hole layout drawing, select a suitable position to arrange the splitting holes and symmetrically arrange the cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes along the splitting holes, and automatically fill the blast hole pores through a stratified charge loader to complete the blast hole charging.

[0096] After completing the blast hole layout and hole distance calculation, conduct the actual blast hole layout. In this embodiment, first select a suitable position to arrange the splitting holes and symmetrically arrange the cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes along the splitting holes, and conduct automatic blast hole filling. For this, this embodiment fills the four types of blast holes respectively. The specific process is as follows:

[0097] Charging of the splitting holes: Charge the splitting holes based on the charge amount of the splitting holes. By directly contacting the explosive with the hole wall and matching the cartridge diameter with the hole diameter for coupled charging, ensure that the stress wave is efficiently transmitted to the bedding plane.

[0098] Charging of the cut holes: Before charging, first construct an energy distribution model for the wedge cut holes, that is, the charge amount Q2:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, q is the charge amount per unit volume, reflecting the energy density, t is the adjustment coefficient, used to control the intensity of the non-linear influence of rock mass integrity on the charge amount, and L2 is the depth of the cut hole.

[0101] Subsequently, the wedge-shaped cut holes are charged in layers, the layering ratio is constructed, and the charge amount is layered respectively, specifically as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, β is the layering ratio, Q 上层 is the charge amount of the upper layer, which preferentially fractures the rock mass above the cut hole to form a free face, Q 下层 is the charge amount of the lower layer, and the lower layer is detonated with a time delay to utilize the throwing effect to remove the broken rock slag. α is the inclination angle of the cut hole.

[0104] By adjusting the inclination angle α of the cut hole. The larger the inclination angle, the higher the charge ratio of the upper layer, so as to improve the fragmentation efficiency of the upper half of the cut hole.

[0105] Auxiliary hole charging: For the auxiliary holes, the charge amount of the auxiliary holes is calculated, specifically as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Among them, Q3 is the charge amount of the auxiliary holes, S is the control area of the auxiliary holes, which is calculated from the resistance line W of the cut holes, specifically: S = kW 2 , and the value of the adjustment coefficient t is controlled at 4.5, and L is the depth of the auxiliary holes.

[0108] Peripheral hole charging: In this embodiment, the decoupled charging method is used to charge the peripheral holes, and the specific process is as follows:

[0109] First, the decoupling coefficient of the peripheral holes is calculated based on the diameter of the peripheral holes and the diameter of the cartridge:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, μ is the decoupling coefficient of the peripheral holes, usually taking a value of 1.5 - 2.0, D 孔 is the diameter of the peripheral holes, usually taking a value of 40 - 50 mm, D 药卷 is the diameter of the cartridge, usually 20 - 25 mm.

[0112] Subsequently, the charge density of the peripheral holes is calculated:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, q z is the charge density of the peripheral holes, specifically the weight of the explosive loaded in each meter of the blast hole, which is adjusted according to the rock hardness and surrounding rock conditions.

[0115] When filling the peripheral holes, the cartridge diameter needs to be selected according to the decoupling coefficient, and then centered and fixed. Place the cartridge at the center of the blast hole and fix it with a plastic support or binding rope to ensure a uniform annular air gap is formed between the cartridge and the hole wall. Then insert a PVC pipe or soft foam into the air gap to further buffer the explosion energy and thus protect the hole wall.

[0116] S104. After completing the charging of the blast holes, construct a theoretical model of the initiation timing sequence and conduct millisecond-level hierarchical controlled initiation.

[0117] In this embodiment, four types of blast holes need to be initiated in sequence according to time. Therefore, this embodiment constructs a theoretical model of the initiation timing sequence to control the initiation order, including the stress wave superposition delay formula and the presplitting delay formula for the layer splitting holes. The theoretical model of the initiation timing sequence realizes the precise distribution and dynamic adaptation of the blasting energy by quantifying the correlation mechanism of stress wave propagation, layered throwing, and vibration attenuation, and is an important method for improving the cut efficiency and controlling blasting hazards.

[0118] Specifically, the stress wave superposition delay formula is:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, C p is the P-wave velocity of the rock mass, and δ is the safety margin, with a value of 3 - 5 ms.

[0121] The presplitting delay formula for the layer splitting holes is:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, C s is the detonation velocity of the explosive (m / ms).

[0124] In this embodiment, by accurately calculating the initiation delay of adjacent blast holes, that is, Δt1, it is ensured that the stress waves generated by the blasting of the cut holes are superimposed on the free surface to form an energy concentration effect. At the same time, in layered rock masses, the layer splitting holes are linearly initiated at a time of Δt2, which can form a through fracture surface in advance and create directional throwing conditions for the subsequent cut holes.

[0125] Specifically, this embodiment adopts a three-stage delay initiation strategy (layer splitting holes → cut holes → auxiliary holes and peripheral holes);

[0126] The first stage: The layer splitting holes are initiated at Δt2 (0 - 15 ms) to form an initial free surface;

[0127] The second stage: The cut holes throw the rock mass in layers at Δt1 (15 - 45 ms), and the upper layer and the lower layer are separated by Δt3 (≥8 ms) to prevent the detonation waves from interfering with each other; Specifically, Δt3 is:

[0128]

[0129] Among them, H 分层 is the charging layer height.

[0130] The third stage: The auxiliary holes and the perimeter holes are detonated within 45 - 75 ms to complete the end face forming and suppress the large block rate.

[0131] In this embodiment, the detonation time of adjacent cut holes is accurately calculated by the stress wave superposition delay method, so that the stress waves generated by the blasting of multiple blast holes are superposed at a predetermined position to form an energy concentration effect, significantly improving the rock fragmentation efficiency; at the same time, in layered rock masses, joints and fractures will hinder the propagation of stress waves and cause energy attenuation, and the superposition delay can compensate for the after-effect (the lag time is about 1.4 μs / mm) when the stress wave passes through the joints, ensuring that the effective energy is transmitted to the free surface.

[0132] Through the pre-splitting delay of the layer splitting holes, the layer splitting holes are detonated in advance, and the high-energy explosive is used to preferentially form through fractures on the bedding plane or weak zones, creating a directional free surface for the subsequent throwing of the cut holes and reducing the consumption of ineffective energy; at the same time, the through fractures formed by the pre-splitting can block the diffusion of detonation gases to non-target areas, guide the stress wave to propagate along a predetermined path, and avoid misfires or overexcavation; finally, part of the blasting energy is released through the pre-splitting surface, reducing the confinement of the main blasting area to the reserved rock mass, and combined with the decoupled charging design, effectively controlling the damage depth of the surrounding rock.

[0133] The blast hole arrangement method in this embodiment is to arrange 1 - 2 high-energy layer splitting holes at the bedding interface in the middle or the middle and lower part of the roadway section, evenly arrange wedge-shaped cut holes on both sides of the layer splitting holes (on both sides of the bedding interface where the layer splitting holes are arranged), and sequentially arrange auxiliary holes and perimeter holes outward. The detonation sequence of the cut blasting blast holes is: first detonate the high-energy layer splitting holes, and then detonate the cut holes to complete the cut blasting. Since the detonation of the high-energy layer splitting holes forms a layer splitting section along the bedding plane, creating a second free surface for the cut hole blasting. When the cut holes are detonated, due to the existence of the two free surfaces, the cut blasting effect can be further improved, reducing the clamping effect of the single free surface during the cut hole blasting.

[0134] As Figure 2 shown, this embodiment also provides a layer splitting high-energy hole cut blasting system for a layered rock roadway, including: a bedding plane condition acquisition module 1, a blast hole arrangement module 2, a charging module 3, and a detonation module 4;

[0135] The bedding plane condition acquisition module 1 is used to scan the bedding distribution of the rock mass through a ground penetrating radar, collect the rock mass parameters, and obtain the bedding plane dip angle and the intersection angle of the excavation working face to obtain the bedding distribution;

[0136] The blast hole layout module 2 is used to perform dynamic hole pattern design based on rock mass parameters, determine and optimize the hole distances of splitting holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes respectively, and construct a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram;

[0137] The charge loading module 3 is used to select appropriate positions on the three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram to arrange splitting holes, and symmetrically arrange cut holes, auxiliary holes, and perimeter holes along the splitting holes, and automatically fill the pore spaces of the blast holes through a layered charge loader to complete the charge loading of the blast holes;

[0138] The initiation module 4 is used to construct an initiation timing theoretical model and perform millisecond-level hierarchical controlled initiation after the charge loading of the blast holes is completed.

[0139] It should be noted that for the foregoing method embodiments, for the sake of simple description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should know that the present disclosure is not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the present disclosure, certain steps can be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present disclosure.

[0140] It should be understood that various forms of the processes shown above can be used, reordering, adding, or deleting steps. For example, the steps recorded in the present disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure can be achieved. No limitation is imposed herein.

[0141] The above specific implementation manners do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway layer splitting, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Scanning the bedding distribution of rock strata by ground penetrating radar, collecting rock mass parameters, obtaining the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, and obtaining the bedding distribution; Based on the rock mass parameters, carrying out dynamic hole pattern design, determining and optimizing the hole distances of splitting holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes respectively, and constructing a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram; Based on the three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram, selecting a suitable position to arrange splitting holes and symmetrically arranging cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes along the splitting holes, and automatically filling the blast hole pores through a stratified charge loader to complete blast hole charging; After completing the blast hole charging, constructing a theoretical model of initiation timing sequence and carrying out millisecond-level hierarchical controlled initiation.

2. The method for high-energy hole cut blasting of laminated rock roadway layer splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of scanning the bedding distribution of rock strata by ground penetrating radar, collecting rock mass parameters, obtaining the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, and obtaining the bedding distribution is as follows: Using a high-frequency ground penetrating radar, arranging survey lines along the axial direction of the roadway, scanning the rock strata in the cut area with a depth covering the cut area, identifying the bedding interface through the characteristics of the radar reflection waveform, obtaining the single-layer bedding spacing, and calculating the bedding spacing, the dip angle of the bedding plane, and the intersection angle of the excavation working face; Drilling holes at the roadway heading face, measuring the longitudinal wave velocity by the cross-hole method, and calculating the rock mass integrity coefficient; Sampling at the bedding interface, carrying out a Brazilian splitting test on the specimen, and calculating the tensile strength of the bedding plane.

3. The method for high-energy hole cutting blasting of laminated rock roadway layer splitting according to claim 2, characterized in that The process of carrying out dynamic hole pattern design based on the rock mass parameters, determining and optimizing the hole distances of splitting holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes respectively, and constructing a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram is as follows: Obtaining splitting hole parameters and explosive parameters, calculating the splitting hole charge amount, and calculating the splitting hole spacing based on the tensile strength of the bedding plane and the splitting hole charge amount; Experimentally obtaining the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock and dynamically adjusting the cut hole burden, calculating the cut hole spacing based on the cut hole burden, and calculating the auxiliary hole spacing, and at the same time completing the dynamic adjustment and optimization of the splitting hole spacing; Obtaining the surrounding rock Prandtl coefficient based on the rock structure characteristics, and calculating the peripheral hole spacing and peripheral hole charge density; Respectively carrying out dynamic hole pattern position design based on the splitting hole spacing, cut hole spacing, auxiliary hole spacing, and peripheral hole spacing, and carrying out dynamic hole pattern layout angle design based on the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face to obtain a three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram.

4. The method for high-energy hole cut blasting in stratified rock roadway layer splitting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of dynamically adjusting and optimizing the splitting hole spacing is as follows: Predicting the blasting fragmentation volume based on the cut hole burden, cut hole dip angle, and cut hole depth to obtain the theoretical cut volume; Using dynamic three-dimensional scanning to measure the actual cut volume after blasting to obtain the measured cut volume; Dynamically optimizing the splitting hole spacing based on the theoretical cut volume and the measured cut volume to obtain the corrected splitting hole spacing.

5. The method for high-energy hole cut blasting in laminated rock roadway layer splitting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of selecting a suitable position to arrange splitting holes based on the three-dimensional blast hole layout diagram, symmetrically arranging cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes along the splitting holes, and automatically filling the blast hole pores through a stratified charge loader to complete blast hole charging is as follows: Based on the spacing of the spalling holes, the dip angle of the bedding plane, and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, high-energy spalling holes are arranged on the bedding plane, and cut holes are further symmetrically arranged along the bedding plane. Based on the charge amount of the spalling holes, the spalling holes are charged. By directly contacting the explosive with the hole wall and matching the diameter of the cartridge with the hole diameter, coupled charging is carried out. Calculate the charge amount of the wedge cut holes, and charge the wedge cut holes by means of layered charging. Based on the resistance line of the cut holes, calculate the controlled area of the relief holes. Based on the controlled area of the relief holes and combined with the depth of the relief holes, calculate the charge amount of the relief holes and carry out the charging of the relief holes. Use the decoupled charging method to charge the perimeter holes and complete the charging of the perimeter holes.

6. The high-energy hole cut blasting method for layer splitting in layered rock roadway according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of calculating the charge amount of the wedge cut holes and charging the wedge cut holes by means of layered charging is as follows: Based on the resistance line of the cut holes and obtaining the depth of the cut holes, calculate the charge amount of the wedge cut holes in combination with the charge amount per unit volume. Based on the dip angle of the cut holes, calculate the layering ratio, layer the cut holes based on the layering ratio, and fill them with explosives.

7. The method for high-energy hole cut blasting in layered rock roadway splitting according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of using the decoupled charging method to charge the perimeter holes and complete the charging of the perimeter holes is as follows: Based on the diameter of the perimeter holes and the diameter of the cartridges, calculate the decoupling coefficient of the perimeter holes. Based on the Prandtl coefficient of the surrounding rock and the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, calculate the charging density of the perimeter holes. Based on the decoupling coefficient of the perimeter holes, determine the diameter of the cartridges under the actual working conditions and complete the charging of the perimeter holes in combination with the charging density of the perimeter holes.

8. The high-energy hole cut blasting method for layer splitting in layered rock roadway according to claim 5, characterized in that, The theoretical model of the initiation timing sequence includes the stress wave superposition delay formula and the spalling hole presplitting delay formula. Among them, the stress wave superposition delay formula is: Among them, C p is the P-wave velocity of the rock mass, δ is the safety margin, Δt1 is the initiation delay between adjacent blast holes, W is the burden of the cut hole, and S2 is the hole spacing of the cut hole; The spalling hole presplitting delay formula is: Among them, C s is the detonation velocity of the explosive, Δt2 is the initiation delay of the spallation hole, and L1 is the depth of the spallation hole.

9. A high-energy hole cut blasting system for splitting stratified rock roadway, characterized in that, A method for cut blasting of high-energy spalling holes in a roadway with layered rock formations as described in any one of claims 1-8 is implemented, including: a bedding plane condition acquisition module (1), a blast hole arrangement module (2), a charging module (3), and an initiation module (4); The bedding plane condition acquisition module (1) is used to scan the bedding distribution of the rock formation through a ground-penetrating radar, collect rock mass parameters, obtain the dip angle of the bedding plane and the intersection angle of the excavation working face, and obtain the bedding distribution condition. The blast hole arrangement module (2) is used to perform dynamic hole pattern design based on the rock mass parameters, determine and optimize the hole distances of the spalling holes, cut holes, relief holes, and perimeter holes respectively, and construct a three-dimensional blast hole arrangement diagram. The charging module (3) is used to select appropriate positions to arrange the spalling holes based on the three-dimensional blast hole arrangement diagram, symmetrically arrange the cut holes, relief holes, and perimeter holes along the spalling holes, and automatically fill the blast hole pores with a layered charger to complete the charging of the blast holes. The initiation module (4) is used to construct a theoretical model of the initiation timing sequence and perform millisecond-level hierarchical controlled initiation after the charging of the blast holes is completed.

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