Smelting process and smelting equipment for a high-grade nickel-based superalloy

Abstract

The present invention provides a smelting process and smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based superalloys. The present invention relates to the technical field of alloy manufacturing and includes the following steps: S1, raw material preparation; S2, vacuum induction smelting; S3, plasma beam refining, using a plasma beam refining device to perform reciprocating scanning of the plasma beam towards the molten alloy liquid in S2 to remove impurities in the superalloy again; S4, addition of rare elements. After the plasma beam refining in S3 is completed, the prepared rare elements are added to the molten superalloy; wherein, during the addition of rare elements, the directional stirring of the molten superalloy is synchronously controlled, and the rare elements in powder form are added to the furnace in batches in a reciprocating swing manner to contact and mix with the molten superalloy. This invention shortens the overall smelting time, reduces the loss of rare elements, and improves the quality of the final high-grade nickel-based superalloy product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloy manufacturing, and particularly to a smelting process and smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based superalloys. Background Art

[0002] GH163 is a Ni-Cr-Co-based precipitation-hardening wrought superalloy, and the service temperature can reach 850°C; GH163 alloy has good oxidation resistance, high yield strength and creep strength below 800°C, small tendency of strain failure crack, and good resistance to thermal and cold fatigue.

[0003] By the composite addition of various rare earth elements, the grains can be refined more effectively, the grain boundary defects can be reduced, the density and uniformity of GH163 superalloy can be improved, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0004] During the manufacturing process of traditional smelting technology, the addition time and addition method of rare elements will both lead to excessive loss of rare elements, introduce too many impurities. At the same time, due to the low mass ratio of rare elements, the centralized blocky addition method will also increase the overall stirring and mixing time, affecting the uniformity of the internal components of the final superalloy and the quality of the final finished superalloy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the above problems, the present invention provides a smelting process and smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based superalloys, which shortens the overall smelting time, reduces the loss of rare elements, and improves the quality of the final finished high-grade nickel-based superalloys.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A smelting process for high-grade nickel-based superalloys, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Prepare raw materials according to the components of high-grade nickel-based superalloys; S2. Vacuum induction smelting, add the raw materials in step S1 into a vacuum smelting furnace for high-temperature smelting to initially remove impurities and obtain a molten high-temperature alloy; S3. Plasma beam refining, use a plasma beam refining device to perform reciprocating scanning of the plasma beam towards the molten alloy liquid in S2 to remove impurities in the high-temperature alloy again; S4. Addition of rare elements, after the plasma beam refining in S3 is completed, add the prepared rare elements into the molten high-temperature alloy; wherein, when adding rare elements, synchronously control the directional stirring of the molten high-temperature alloy, and add the rare elements in powder state in batches in a reciprocating swing manner into the furnace to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0008] Rare elements in powder form can react with the molten superalloy more quickly upon contact. By adding the rare elements in powder form into the furnace in a reciprocating swinging manner, the rare element powder can come into contact with the superalloy at different positions, increasing the contact area, improving the distribution uniformity, enhancing the mixing effect, and ultimately improving the distribution uniformity of different components within the alloy.

[0009] Preferably, the high-grade nickel-based superalloy, by mass percentage, specifically includes: C 0.04 - 0.08%, Mo 5.60 - 6.10%, Cu 0 - 0.20%, Si 0 - 0.40%, Mn 0 - 0.60%, Co 19.0 - 21.0%, Cr 22.0 - 25.0%, Ti 1.90 - 2.40%, Ag 0 - 0.005%, P 0 - 0.015%, W 1.0 - 2.0%; The addition of rare elements includes: Ce 0.1 - 0.15%, La 0.02 - 0.05%; The rest are Ni, some impurities, and necessary metals or non-metals; Among them, the purity of Ni, Mo, Co, Cr, and Ti is not less than 99.5%, and the purity of the remaining alloy materials is not less than 99%.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to reach 10⁻² - 10⁻³ Pa, and a segmented heating strategy is adopted. First, the molten superalloy is reheated at a lower heating rate to not less than 1300°C, and then all the metals are maintained above the melting point at a higher heating rate; Subsequently, a refining process is carried out, and the refining temperature is increased to between 1550°C and 1700°C.

[0011] Preferably, the refining time in step S3 is between 35 minutes and 55 minutes, and an inert gas is used for protection during the plasma beam refining process.

[0012] Preferably, the rare element powder is crushed in batches. The first crushing is carried out outside the furnace, and the massive rare elements are crushed into millimeter-sized particles. The second grinding and crushing is carried out inside the furnace, and the rare element particles obtained from the first crushing are further ground and crushed into micron-sized particles.

[0013] Preferably, through the first crushing, the massive rare elements are crushed into particles not larger than 5 mm, and through the second grinding and crushing, the rare elements are ground and crushed into the range of 100 - 400 microns.

[0014] A smelting device for high-grade nickel-based superalloys, which is used in the smelting process of the above-mentioned high-grade nickel-based superalloys, includes a rare element crushing and adding device. The rare element crushing and adding device includes a limit base. A grinding main body is arranged at the upper end of the limit base. A driving shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the grinding main body. A grinding roller is arranged at the lower end of the driving shaft. The first end of the driving shaft penetrates through the grinding main body and is fixedly connected to a feeding pipe. A hollow conveying channel is formed in the inner wall of the driving shaft and is communicated with the feeding pipe. A diversion opening is formed on the side wall of the driving shaft and is communicated with the inside of the grinding main body. A blowing device is arranged at the upper end of the grinding main body. While the driving shaft drives the grinding roller to grind and drives the feeding pipe to swing, the blowing device blows a protective gas towards the inner wall of the grinding main body to form a protective air flow. The protective air flow drives the micron-sized rare element powder into the hollow conveying channel and finally discharges from the feeding pipe to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0015] Preferably, the blowing device includes two symmetrically arranged strip-shaped blowing nozzles, and also includes a connecting main pipe. The connecting main pipe is communicated with two connecting branch pipes. The two connecting branch pipes are respectively communicated with the corresponding strip-shaped blowing nozzles. A control valve is arranged at the communicating position of the connecting main pipe and the two connecting branch pipes.

[0016] Preferably, the blowing direction of the strip-shaped blowing nozzle is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the grinding main body, and the opening of the diversion opening faces away from the side of the grinding roller.

[0017] Preferably, the second end of the driving shaft penetrates through the grinding main body and is connected to an electric control device. The feeding pipe includes a first pipe body and a second pipe body. The second pipe body and the first pipe body are electrically controllably telescopic through a control component. The electric control device is electrically connected to the control component.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] Compared with the prior art, through the composite process of vacuum induction smelting and plasma beam refining, the impurities in the high-temperature alloy can be reduced to the greatest extent. After the plasma beam refining, the rare elements are added to the furnace in the form of powder in batches in a reciprocating swing manner to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy, which can improve the mixing effect of the rare elements and the high-temperature alloy to the greatest extent, ensure the uniform and stable distribution of the rare elements, shorten the overall smelting time, reduce the loss of rare elements, and improve the quality of the final high-grade nickel-based superalloy product. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is the process flow chart of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the internal structure of the furnace body of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at location A.

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the rare element crushing and adding device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic side view structure diagram.

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic sectional structure diagram taken along the B - B direction.

[0026] In the figure: 100, furnace body; 200, rare element crushing and adding device; 210, feeding pipe; 211, first pipe body; 212, second pipe body; 220, limiting base; 230, grinding main body; 231, grinding shell; 232, grinding roller; 233, connecting frame; 234, driving shaft; 2341, hollow conveying channel; 2342, diversion opening; 240, blowing device; 241, strip-shaped blowing nozzle; 242, connecting branch pipe; 243, control valve; 244, connecting main pipe. Specific embodiments

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] GH163 is a Ni - Cr - Co based precipitation hardening wrought superalloy, and its service temperature can reach 850 °C; GH163 alloy has good oxidation resistance, high yield strength and creep strength below 800 °C, small tendency of strain failure cracks, and good resistance to thermal and cold fatigue.

[0029] The alloy is mainly suitable for manufacturing plate welding structural parts and load-bearing parts of the main combustion chamber and afterburner of aeroengines, and has been used to manufacture flame tubes, afterburner barrels, mounting edges, mounting seats, pipe fittings, etc. of aeroengines.

[0030] High corrosion resistance of alloys is required for scenarios such as combustion chambers and flame tubes in some extreme cases. To improve the corrosion resistance of GH163 superalloy, a new high-grade nickel-based superalloy is proposed. By mass percentage, it specifically includes: C 0.04 - 0.08%, Mo 5.60 - 6.10%, Cu 0 - 0.20%, Si 0 - 0.40%, Mn 0 - 0.60%, Co 19.0 - 21.0%, Cr 22.0 - 25.0%, Ti 1.90 - 2.40%, Ag 0 - 0.005%, P 0 - 0.015%, W 1.0 - 2.0%. The addition of rare elements includes: Ce 0.1 - 0.15%, La 0.02 - 0.05%, and the rest are Ni, some impurities, and necessary metal or non-metal elements.

[0031] By increasing the lower limit of the Cr content from 19.0% to 22.0% and the upper limit to 25.0%, a higher content of Cr can form a thicker and more stable dense oxide film on the outer surface of the GH163 superalloy, further enhancing the ability to block the intrusion of corrosive media, thus significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy in various corrosive environments.

[0032] Add 1 - 2% of W element. W has a high melting point and good chemical stability. It can dissolve in the alloy matrix to improve the high-temperature strength and hardness of the GH163 superalloy. At the same time, tungsten acts synergistically with elements such as chromium and molybdenum to optimize the structure and properties of the alloy surface oxide film, enhancing the corrosion resistance of the alloy in high-temperature and strong-corrosion environments.

[0033] Increase the addition amount of Ce to 0.1 - 0.15% and simultaneously add 0.02 - 0.05% of La. The composite addition of multiple rare earth elements can more effectively refine the grains, reduce grain boundary defects, improve the density and uniformity of the GH163 superalloy, and thus further improve the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0034] To meet the production and manufacturing requirements of the above alloy, refer to Appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 6 , a smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based superalloy is provided, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Raw material preparation: Prepare raw materials according to the components of the new high-grade nickel-based superalloy, where the main alloy materials (including Ni, Mo, Co, Cr, Ti with a purity not less than 99.5%, and the purity of the remaining alloy materials not less than 99%).

[0036] Step 2: Vacuum induction smelting. Add the above alloy materials (except rare elements) into a vacuum smelting furnace for high-temperature smelting. Conduct continuous induction smelting in a relatively vacuum environment, which can effectively reduce the gas content in the alloy liquid, such as existing hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or their compounds; can effectively reduce the impurity content, control the smelting temperature between 1480°C and 1550°C to ensure that all elements are fully melted and evenly mixed. During the smelting process, existing electromagnetic stirring equipment can also be used for electromagnetic stirring to control the full flow of the molten alloy, accelerate the mixing of different internal components, make the mixing of each component more sufficient, and improve the quality of the final superalloy.

[0037] Step 3: Plasma beam refining; Use a plasma beam refining device to perform reciprocating scanning of the plasma beam towards the molten alloy liquid in Step 2. It can also be selected as spiral or grid scanning, so that the molten alloy liquid can be fully refined by the plasma beam.

[0038] The method of plasma beam refining can further deeply remove impurities in the molten alloy, optimize the performance of the alloy, especially prepare for the subsequent addition of rare elements, avoid excessive burning of rare elements, avoid the formation of harmful phases and the deterioration of the microstructure, and ensure the corrosion resistance of the final superalloy.

[0039] It should be noted that the molten superalloy here needs to be transferred from the smelting furnace to the plasma beam device for plasma beam scanning. Before the plasma beam scanning, the status of relevant equipment and related equipment such as the cooling system, vacuum system, and plasma gun need to be carefully checked to avoid accidents during the plasma beam scanning process.

[0040] Before the plasma beam scanning, loading and vacuum pumping are required. During the loading process, it is necessary to control the loading quantity and rate to avoid the phenomena of raw material accumulation and insufficient loading. At the same time, the loading time should be controlled to avoid excessive oxidation in the air for a long time; after the loading is completed, the plasma beam device is subjected to vacuum pumping treatment to control the vacuum degree in the furnace to reach 10⁻² ~ 10⁻³ Pa, closely monitor the change curve of the vacuum degree, and promptly discover and eliminate possible air leakage problems.

[0041] During the smelting of large-scale nickel-based superalloys, a segmented heating strategy is adopted. First, the molten superalloy is reheated at a relatively low heating rate to no less than 1300 °C to make the internal heating of the molten alloy uniform; then all the metals are maintained above the melting point at a higher heating rate; subsequently, a refining process is carried out, and the refining temperature is increased to between 1550 °C and 1700 °C to accelerate the removal rate of impurities; the above-mentioned refining time needs to be appropriately adjusted according to the scale and specific components of the superalloy, and the refining time is between 35 minutes and 55 minutes. During the refining process, the temperature distribution in the furnace needs to be detected, and the scanning process is adjusted in a timely manner according to the temperature distribution.

[0042] During the plasma beam refining process, an inert gas also needs to be used for protection. Appropriate inert gas is filled to prevent the superalloy liquid from being oxidized during the refining process; the surface slag is removed regularly, and the floating impurities are discharged in a timely manner to avoid the accumulation of impurities.

[0043] Step 4: Addition of rare elements; after the plasma beam refining in Step 3 is completed, the prepared rare elements Ce and La are added to the molten nickel-based superalloy. Before adding the rare elements, it is necessary to ensure that all elements in the superalloy are fully melted and mixed. After adding the rare elements, it is also necessary to continuously control the superalloy to be fully mixed to ensure the uniform distribution of the added rare elements.

[0044] It should be noted that during the addition of rare elements, it is also necessary to avoid contact with air to prevent the oxidation of rare elements. The inert gas protection method can also be used, and inert gas is introduced into the feeding device to avoid the introduction of new impurities.

[0045] It should also be noted that the addition of rare elements needs to be carried out in batches, slowly and evenly. It is preferably to crush the rare elements into a powder state, and the powdered rare elements are continuously added in batches to the molten nickel-based superalloy to further ensure the uniformity of the added rare elements.

[0046] When adding rare element powder in a single batch, the molten nickel-based superalloy in the furnace is controlled to stir directionally. While stirring, the rare element powder is continuously added to the surface of the superalloy in a reciprocating swing manner, so as to control the rare element powder to be more evenly in full contact and mixed with the molten superalloy in different regions; a certain time interval is set between each batch of adding rare element powder. During this time period, the electromagnetic stirring of the molten superalloy is strengthened to control the full disturbance between the upper and lower layers of the molten superalloy, further improving the full contact between the powdered rare elements and the molten superalloy at different positions.

[0047] Preferably, before adding the rare element powder, the rare element can be preheated. The rare element adding device can be extended into the furnace, and the high-temperature atmosphere in the furnace is used to fully preheat the rare element powder, reducing the temperature difference between the rare element powder and the superalloy, avoiding local temperature fluctuations among the alloy liquids, and affecting the uniformity of the alloy.

[0048] Preferably, the rare element is ground and crushed to a range of 100 to 400 microns. Controlling the grinding of the rare element to this range can further shorten the melting time of the rare element powder, enabling it to melt rapidly within a high-temperature range, having a high heat transfer rate and a large specific surface area, and further achieving the rapid powdering and uniform distribution of the superalloy and the rare element powder.

[0049] The rare element powder here is crushed in batches. The first crushing is carried out outside the furnace. By the first crushing, the massive rare element is crushed into particles no larger than 5 mm. This not only facilitates rapid processing but also avoids over-crushing, which may cause oxidation, agglomeration, etc. of the rare element powder outside the furnace, preventing the introduction of more impurities and affecting the subsequent addition effect. At the same time, crushing to this particle size facilitates subsequent secondary crushing and grinding, overall shortening the processing time.

[0050] The second grinding and crushing is carried out inside the furnace. The rare element particles obtained from the first crushing are further ground and crushed to the micron level, facilitating the subsequent addition of the rare element and enhancing the effect of its full reaction. The process of the second grinding and crushing and the addition is carried out in an inert atmosphere inside the furnace. The ground and crushed rare element powder is directly added to the furnace to react with the molten superalloy, avoiding the introduction of impurities and oxidation, and improving the quality of the finished superalloy.

[0051] To achieve the grinding, crushing, and addition of the above rare element powder, a smelting device for high-grade nickel-based superalloys is also provided, including a rare element crushing and adding device 200. Through this device, millimeter-level rare element particles are ground and crushed into micron-level rare element powder, and the ground and crushed rare element powder is put into the furnace body 100 to contact and mix with the molten superalloy.

[0052] Specifically, the smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based superalloys includes a limit base 220. At the upper end of the limit base 220, there is a grinding main body 230. The rare element particles in particulate state are ground into rare element powders by the grinding main body 230. A driving shaft 234 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the grinding main body 230. At the lower end of the driving shaft 234, there is a grinding roller 232. The first end of the driving shaft 234 penetrates through the grinding main body 230 and is fixedly connected to a feeding pipe 210. The rare element powders obtained by grinding are fed into the furnace body 100 through the feeding pipe 210 to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0053] A hollow conveying channel 2341 is formed in the inner wall of the driving shaft 234 and is communicated with the feeding pipe 210. A diversion opening 2342 is formed on the side wall of the driving shaft 234 and is communicated with the inside of the grinding main body 230. A blowing device 240 is arranged at the upper end of the grinding main body 230. An air flow is formed inside the grinding main body 230 through the blowing device 240. While the driving shaft 234 drives the grinding roller 232 to grind and drives the feeding pipe 210 to swing, a protective gas is blown towards the inner wall of the grinding main body 230 through the blowing device 240 to form a protective air flow. The protective air flow drives the rare element powders at the micron level into the hollow conveying channel 2341 and finally discharges from the feeding pipe 210 to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0054] The above-mentioned rare element crushing and adding device 200 is installed at the top inside the furnace body. The whole, especially the feeding pipe 210, is made of heat-resistant materials and can withstand the high temperature inside the furnace body. At the same time, setting the whole structure inside the furnace body 100 can preheat the rare elements.

[0055] During the process of generating the protective air flow, it is necessary to control the inside of the furnace body 100 to be in a relatively negative pressure state. The gas blown out by the blowing device 240 can flow directionally inside the grinding main body 230. During the flowing process, the rare element powders ground to the micron level are blown up. The protective air flow can flow directionally under the action of the negative pressure. The protective air flow can drive the rare element powders to sequentially pass through the diversion opening 2342 and the hollow conveying channel 2341 and finally discharge from the end of the feeding pipe 210. The discharged rare element powders can directly contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy below, completing the feeding of the rare elements.

[0056] The above-mentioned protective air flow is selected as an inert protective gas to avoid the introduction of oxygen in the air causing oxidation of the alloy and also avoid the introduction of impurities in the final stage, ensuring the quality of the final finished alloy.

[0057] Specifically, the air blowing device 240 includes two groups of symmetrically arranged strip-shaped air blowing nozzles 241, and also includes a connecting main pipe 244. The connecting main pipe 244 is communicated with two connecting branch pipes 242. The two connecting branch pipes 242 are respectively communicated with the corresponding strip-shaped air blowing nozzles 241. A control valve 243 is arranged at the communicating place between the connecting main pipe 244 and the two connecting branch pipes 242. Through the control valve 243, the flow direction of the protective air flow can be controlled, and it can be controlled to discharge from the strip-shaped air blowing nozzles 241 on the left or right side, so as to form an alternating protective air flow, improve the internal turbulence effect. The switching frequency of the above-mentioned protective gas blowing can be consistent with the swinging grinding frequency of the grinding roller 232. During the movement of the grinding roller 232, the strip-shaped air blowing nozzles 241 with opposite moving directions are controlled to blow out the protective air flow, and the blown protective air flow can blow up the rare element powder just ground and finally discharge it from the corresponding channel.

[0058] Preferably, the blowing direction of the strip-shaped air blowing nozzle 241 is tangent to the inner wall arc of the grinding main body 230, and the blown air flow can flow along the direction of the inner wall of the grinding main body 230, improving the acting effect on the rare element powder; at the same time, the diversion opening 2342 opens towards the side away from the grinding roller 232. By arranging the diversion opening 2342 on one side of the upper end, the rare element powder and rare element particles can be effectively separated, ensuring that the rare element powder contacts the molten high-temperature alloy, increasing the specific surface area of the rare element contact, improving the final contact and mixing effect of the rare element and the high-temperature alloy, and improving the quality of the finished high-grade nickel-based superalloy.

[0059] Further, the second end of the driving shaft 234 penetrates through the grinding main body 230 and is connected to the electric control device. The feeding pipe 210 includes a first pipe body 211 and a second pipe body 212. The second pipe body 212 is electrically controllably telescopic with respect to the first pipe body 211 through a control component, and the electric control device is electrically connected to the control component; through the above structural design, while the feeding pipe 210 swings reciprocally, the second pipe body 212 can be controlled to contract regularly relative to the first pipe body 211. After the feeding pipe 210 swings to the two extreme positions on both sides, the second pipe body 212 is controlled to extend. When the feeding pipe 210 moves towards the middle position, the second pipe body 212 is controlled to contract; during the swinging process, through the above adjustment setting, the second pipe body 212 can be located on the side close to the surface of the high-temperature alloy to blow out and mix the rare element powder, ensuring the quality of the final alloy and reducing the loss of the rare element powder.

[0060] The telescopic control of the second pipe body 212 can set the driving structure on the side far from the second pipe body 212 for control. It can be selected as a traditional electric control telescopic structure or a pneumatic telescopic structure, and the outside is protected by a heat insulation structure to reduce the loss of relevant structures in the high-temperature environment and ensure the long-term and precise telescopic control.

[0061] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based superalloy, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Prepare raw materials according to the components of high-grade nickel-based superalloys; S2. Vacuum induction melting. Add the raw materials in step S1 into a vacuum melting furnace for high-temperature melting to initially remove impurities and obtain a molten superalloy; S3. Plasma beam refining. Use a plasma beam refining device to perform reciprocating scanning of the plasma beam towards the molten alloy liquid in S2 to remove impurities in the superalloy again; S4. Addition of rare elements. After the plasma beam refining in S3 is completed, add the prepared rare elements into the molten superalloy; Among them, when adding rare elements, the directional stirring of the molten superalloy is synchronously controlled, and the rare elements in powder form are added into the furnace in batches in a reciprocating swing manner to contact and mix with the molten superalloy; In step S3, control the vacuum degree in the furnace to reach 10 -2 ~10 -3 P a , adopt a segmented heating strategy. First, restore and heat the superalloy in a molten state to not less than 1300 °C at a relatively low heating rate, and then maintain all metals above the melting point at a relatively high heating rate; Subsequently, carry out the refining process, and raise the refining temperature to between 1550 °C and 1700 °C; In step S3, the refining time is between 35 minutes and 55 minutes, and an inert gas is used for protection during the plasma beam refining process; The rare element powder is crushed in batches. The first crushing is carried out outside the furnace. Through the first crushing, the massive rare elements are crushed into particles of millimeter size. The second grinding and crushing is carried out inside the furnace to further grind and crush the rare element particles obtained from the first crushing into micron size; Through the first crushing, the massive rare elements are crushed into particles not larger than 5 mm, and through the second grinding and crushing, the rare elements are ground and crushed into the range of 100 - 400 microns; 2. The smelting process of a high-grade nickel-based superalloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The high-grade nickel-based superalloy specifically includes, by mass percentage: C 0.04 - 0.08%, Mo 5.60 - 6.10%, Cu 0 - 0.20%, Si 0 - 0.40%, Mn 0 - 0.60%, Co 19.0 - 21.0%, Cr 22.0 - 25.0%, Ti 1.90 - 2.40%, Ag 0 - 0.005%, P 0 - 0.015%, W 1.0 - 2.0%; The addition of rare elements includes: Ce 0.1 - 0.15%, La 0.02 - 0.05%; The rest are Ni, some impurities, and necessary metals or non-metals; Among them, the purity of Ni, Mo, Co, Cr, and Ti is not less than 99.5%, and the purity of the rest of the alloy materials is not less than 99%.

3. A smelting device for high-grade nickel-based superalloy, characterized in that, The smelting process for the high-grade nickel-based superalloy according to any one of claims 1 to 2 includes a rare element crushing and adding device (200). The rare element crushing and adding device (200) includes a limiting base (220). A grinding main body (230) is arranged at the upper end of the limiting base (220). A driving shaft (234) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the grinding main body (230). A grinding roller (232) is arranged at the lower end of the driving shaft (234). The first end of the driving shaft (234) penetrates through the grinding main body (230) and is fixedly connected to a feeding pipe (210). A hollow conveying channel (2341) is formed in the inner wall of the driving shaft (234) and is communicated with the feeding pipe (210). A diversion opening (2342) is formed in the side wall of the driving shaft (234) and is communicated with the inside of the grinding main body (230). A blowing device (240) is arranged at the upper end of the grinding main body (230). While the driving shaft (234) drives the grinding roller (232) to grind and drives the feeding pipe (210) to swing, a protective gas is blown towards the inner wall of the grinding main body (230) through the blowing device (240) to form a protective air flow. The protective air flow drives the micron-sized rare element powder into the hollow conveying channel (2341) and finally discharges from the feeding pipe (210) to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

4. The smelting equipment for a high-grade nickel-based superalloy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The blowing device (240) includes two groups of symmetrically arranged strip-shaped blowing nozzles (241), and also includes a connecting main pipe (244). The connecting main pipe (244) is communicated with two connecting branch pipes (242). The two connecting branch pipes (242) are respectively communicated with the corresponding strip-shaped blowing nozzles (241). A control valve (243) is arranged at the communicating part of the connecting main pipe (244) and the two connecting branch pipes (242).

5. The smelting equipment for a high-grade nickel-based superalloy according to claim 4, wherein, The blowing direction of the strip-shaped blowing nozzle (241) is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the grinding main body (230), and the opening of the diversion opening (2342) faces away from the side of the grinding roller (232).

6. The smelting equipment for a high-grade nickel-based superalloy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second end of the driving shaft (234) penetrates through the grinding main body (230) and is connected to the electric control equipment. The feeding pipe (210) includes a first pipe body (211) and a second pipe body (212). The second pipe body (212) and the first pipe body (211) are electrically controllable to be telescopic through a control component. The electric control equipment is electrically connected to the control component.

Images