A transcritical carbon dioxide based energy storage system based on carbon capture

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage and provides a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, which comprises a carbon dioxide capture assembly, a carbon dioxide storage assembly and a carbon dioxide release assembly. The carbon dioxide capture assembly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a desorption tower which are sequentially connected and provided with an alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism. The carbon dioxide storage assembly comprises a low-pressure production well, and the outlet of the low-pressure production well is sequentially connected with a multi-stage pressurizing part and a post-compression heat exchanger, and the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger is connected with a high-pressure injection well. The carbon dioxide release assembly comprises a high-pressure production well, and the outlet of the high-pressure production well is sequentially connected with a multi-stage expansion part and a low-pressure injection well, and the desorption tower is connected with the low-pressure injection well. The heat exchange mechanism comprises heat absorption parts in the multi-stage pressurizing part and heat release parts in the multi-stage expansion part, and heat exchange parts are arranged between the heat absorption parts and the heat release parts. The application can reduce the demand for large-capacity gas storage, improve the thermal energy utilization rate of the system and stabilize the outlet pressure of the high-pressure and low-pressure gas storage during operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture. BACKGROUND

[0002] The large consumption of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels has brought about significant energy shortage and environmental pollution, and vigorously developing renewable energy is an important way to solve energy shortage and environmental pollution. Renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy have the characteristics of randomness, volatility and intermittency, which seriously affect the safety and stability of the power grid during operation.

[0003] Transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage is an important way to solve the problem of renewable energy grid connection, and has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long service life and fast response speed. However, the current transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage still faces problems such as the need for large-capacity gas storage, low system heat utilization rate, and the fluctuation of the pressure of the high-pressure and low-pressure gas storage outlet during the operation of the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, which affects the system performance. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture to solve the above problems and achieve the purposes of reducing the demand for large-capacity gas storage, improving the system heat utilization rate, and stabilizing the pressure of the high-pressure and low-pressure gas storage outlet during operation.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, comprising:

[0006] A carbon dioxide capture assembly comprising a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a desorption tower connected in sequence, and an alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism provided between the desorption tower and the carbon dioxide absorption tower;

[0007] A carbon dioxide energy storage assembly comprising a low-pressure production well, a multi-stage pressurization unit connected to the outlet of the low-pressure production well, an inlet of a post-compression heat exchanger connected to the gas outlet end of the multi-stage pressurization unit, a high-pressure injection well connected to the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger, the post-compression heat exchanger being used to supply waste heat of carbon dioxide gas to a heat user, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower being connected to the high-pressure injection well through a booster;

[0008] A carbon dioxide energy release assembly comprising a high-pressure production well, a multi-stage expansion unit connected to the outlet of the high-pressure production well, and a low-pressure injection well connected to the gas outlet end of the multi-stage expansion unit, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower being connected to the low-pressure injection well;

[0009] The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorbing part arranged in the multi-stage pressurizing part and a heat releasing part arranged in the multi-stage expanding part, and a heat exchanging part is arranged between the heat absorbing part and the heat releasing part, and the alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism is arranged corresponding to the heat exchanging part.

[0010] Preferably, the alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism comprises a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, a cold source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is communicated with a bottom outlet of the absorption tower, a cold source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is communicated with a top inlet of the desorption tower, a bottom outlet of the desorption tower is communicated with an outlet of a reboiler, a top outlet of the reboiler is communicated with a bottom inlet of the desorption tower, a bottom outlet of the reboiler is communicated with a heat source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, a heat source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is communicated with a heat source side inlet of a heat exchanger, a heat source side outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of an alcohol amine solution storage tank, and an outlet of the alcohol amine solution storage tank is communicated with a top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower.

[0011] Preferably, the multi-stage pressurizing part comprises a low-pressure compressor, a medium-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor which are communicated in sequence, an inlet of the low-pressure compressor is communicated with the low-pressure production well, an outlet of the high-pressure compressor is communicated with a heat source side inlet of a post-compression heat exchanger, a heat source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger is communicated with the high-pressure injection well, and a cold source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger is communicated with a heat user.

[0012] Preferably, an outlet of the low-pressure production well is communicated with a low-pressure throttling valve and a cooler in sequence, and a gas outlet of the cooler is communicated with an air inlet of the low-pressure compressor.

[0013] Preferably, the booster comprises a power compensation compressor, and the power compensation compressor is communicated between a gas outlet end of the desorption tower and the high-pressure injection well.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-stage expanding part comprises a high-pressure expander, a medium-pressure expander and a low-pressure expander which are communicated in sequence, an air inlet end of the high-pressure expander is communicated with the high-pressure production well through a low-pressure throttling valve, and an air outlet end of the low-pressure expander is communicated with the low-pressure injection well.

[0015] Preferably, the heat absorbing part comprises a first inter-stage cooler and a second inter-stage cooler, a heat source side inlet of the first inter-stage cooler is communicated with an outlet of the low-pressure compressor, a heat source side outlet of the first inter-stage cooler is communicated with an inlet of the medium-pressure compressor, a heat source side inlet of the second inter-stage cooler is communicated with an outlet of the medium-pressure compressor, and a heat source side outlet of the second inter-stage cooler is communicated with an inlet of the high-pressure compressor.

[0016] Preferably, the heat releasing component comprises a first inter-stage reheater and a second inter-stage reheater, the cold source side inlet of the first inter-stage reheater is communicated with the outlet of the high-pressure expander, the cold source side outlet of the first inter-stage reheater is communicated with the inlet of the medium-pressure expander, the cold source side inlet of the second inter-stage reheater is communicated with the outlet of the medium-pressure expander, and the cold source side outlet of the second inter-stage reheater is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure expander.

[0017] Preferably, the heat exchanging component comprises a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, the inlets of the cold storage tank are respectively communicated with the heat source side outlets of the first inter-stage reheater and the second inter-stage reheater, the outlets of the cold storage tank are respectively communicated with the cold source side inlets of the first inter-stage cooler and the second inter-stage cooler, the inlets of the heat storage tank are respectively communicated with the cold source side outlets of the first inter-stage cooler and the second inter-stage cooler, and the outlets of the heat storage tank are respectively communicated with the heat source side inlets of the first inter-stage reheater and the second inter-stage reheater.

[0018] The outlet of the cold storage tank is communicated with the cold source side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the inlet of the heat storage tank is communicated with the cold source side outlet of the heat exchanger.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] 1. The present application uses the depleted oil and gas reservoir as a gas storage to store high-pressure and low-pressure carbon dioxide, solving the problem of large-capacity gas storage required by carbon dioxide storage energy. At the same time, the geothermal heat in the depleted oil and gas reservoir can be used to heat the carbon dioxide, improving the work capacity of the carbon dioxide and the heat energy utilization rate of the carbon dioxide storage energy system.

[0021] 2. The waste heat generated in the transcritical carbon dioxide system is supplied to a heat user, improving the heat energy utilization rate of the system and realizing heat and power cogeneration.

[0022] 3. The carbon dioxide capture system is used to capture carbon dioxide, which is injected into the low-pressure and high-pressure gas storage in the energy storage and energy release processes, respectively, to maintain the pressure stability of the low-pressure and high-pressure gas storage, further improving the system performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the energy storage system of the present application;

[0025] Wherein, 1, carbon dioxide absorption tower; 2, lean rich liquid heat exchanger; 3, desorption tower; 4, reboiler; 5, heat exchanger; 6, alcohol amine solution tank; 7, energy supplementing compressor; 8, low pressure compressor; 9, medium pressure compressor; 10, high pressure compressor; 11, first interstage cooler; 12, second interstage cooler; 13, high pressure injection well; 14, high pressure production well; 15, high pressure throttle valve; 16, high pressure expander; 17, medium pressure expander; 18, low pressure expander; 19, first interstage reheater; 20, second interstage reheater; 21, low pressure injection well; 22, low pressure production well; 23, low pressure throttle valve; 24, cooler; 25, cold storage tank; 26, heat storage tank; 27, post-compression heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 The present application provides a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, comprising:

[0029] The carbon dioxide capture assembly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 and a desorption tower 3 connected in sequence, and an alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism is arranged between the desorption tower 3 and the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1.

[0030] The carbon dioxide energy storage assembly comprises a low pressure production well 22, the outlet of the low pressure production well 22 is communicated with a multi-stage pressurizing part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage pressurizing part is communicated with the gas inlet end of a post-compression heat exchanger 27, the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is communicated with a high pressure injection well 13, the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is used to supply waste heat of carbon dioxide gas to a heat user, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower 3 is communicated with the high pressure injection well 13 through a pressure increasing part;

[0031] The carbon dioxide energy release assembly comprises a high pressure production well 14, the outlet of the high pressure production well 14 is communicated with a multi-stage expansion part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage expansion part is communicated with a low pressure injection well 21, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower 3 is communicated with the low pressure injection well 21.

[0032] The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorbing part arranged in the multi-stage pressurizing part and a heat releasing part arranged in the multi-stage expanding part, and a heat exchanging part is arranged between the heat absorbing part and the heat releasing part.

[0033] In the further optimization scheme, the high-pressure injection well 13 and the high-pressure recovery well 14, and the low-pressure injection well 21 and the low-pressure recovery well 22 are respectively communicated with the depleted oil and gas reservoir.

[0034] The main function of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is to absorb the carbon dioxide in the industrial flue gas by the alcohol amine solution of the alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism, and to discharge clean gas; the main function of the desorption tower 3 is to desorb and regenerate the flue gas containing the absorbed carbon dioxide, so that the carbon dioxide enters the depleted oil and gas reservoir; the main function of the alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism is to complete the absorption and regeneration cycle of the alcohol amine solution between the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 3; the main function of the multi-stage pressurizing part is to pressurize the low-pressure carbon dioxide to a high-pressure state; the main function of the compressed heat exchanger 27 is to absorb the heat of the pressurized carbon dioxide gas and supply it to the heat user, thereby improving the heat utilization rate of the system; the main function of the multi-stage expanding part is to make the high-pressure carbon dioxide work, so that the energy of the high-pressure carbon dioxide is converted into mechanical energy; and the main function of the heat exchanging part is to make the heat energy between the heat absorbing part and the heat releasing part be utilized mutually, thereby further improving the heat efficiency of the system.

[0035] In the further optimization scheme, the alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism comprises a lean-liquid rich-liquid heat exchanger 2, the cold source side inlet of the lean-liquid rich-liquid heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the bottom outlet of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1, the cold source side outlet of the lean-liquid rich-liquid heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the top inlet of the desorption tower 3, the bottom outlet of the desorption tower 3 is communicated with the outlet of a reboiler 4, the top outlet of the reboiler 4 is communicated with the bottom inlet of the desorption tower 3, the bottom outlet of the reboiler 4 is communicated with the heat source side inlet of the lean-liquid rich-liquid heat exchanger 2, the heat source side outlet of the lean-liquid rich-liquid heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the heat source side inlet of a heat exchanger 5, the heat source side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the inlet of an alcohol amine solution storage tank 6, and the outlet of the alcohol amine solution storage tank 6 is communicated with the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1.

[0036] The flue gas of industrial carbon dioxide emission is sent to the bottom of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 after denitration and desulfurization. The flue gas at the bottom of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is countercurrently contacted with the alcohol amine lean liquid (alcohol amine solution not absorbing carbon dioxide is called lean liquid) flowing down from the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 to realize the absorption of carbon dioxide. Then, the flue gas after removing carbon dioxide is discharged from the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1, and the alcohol amine rich liquid is sent to the desorption tower 3 after heat exchange treatment by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2 (the operating temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is lower than that of the desorption tower 3, so it needs to be heated by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2) for desorption and regeneration treatment. In the desorption process, the rich liquid is decomposed by steam heating in the desorption tower 3, and the alcohol amine and carbon dioxide are regenerated. At this time, part of the alcohol amine solution not absorbing carbon dioxide is discharged from the bottom of the desorption tower 3, enters the reboiler 4 again for heating to completely desorb carbon dioxide, and the desorbed carbon dioxide enters the desorption tower 3 and is discharged from the top for storage or utilization. The alcohol amine solution after desorption is cooled to the temperature equivalent to the flue gas temperature by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2 and the heat exchanger 5, and then stored in the alcohol amine solution storage tank 6 for recovery, and then used again when the next capture system is operated.

[0037] Further optimization scheme, the heat exchanger 5 can be an alcohol amine solution / conductive oil heat exchanger, or an alcohol amine solution / cooling water heat exchanger, or other heat storage medium.

[0038] Further optimization scheme, the multi-stage pressurizing part includes a low-pressure compressor 8, a medium-pressure compressor 9 and a high-pressure compressor 10 connected in sequence. The inlet of the low-pressure compressor 8 is communicated with the low-pressure recovery well 22, the outlet of the high-pressure compressor 10 is communicated with the heat source side inlet of the compressed heat exchanger 27, the heat source side outlet of the compressed heat exchanger 27 is communicated with the high-pressure injection well 13, and the cold source side outlet of the compressed heat exchanger 27 is communicated with the heat user.

[0039] Further optimization scheme, the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well 22 is sequentially communicated with a low-pressure throttling valve 23 and a cooler 24, and the gas outlet of the cooler 24 is communicated with the gas inlet of the low-pressure compressor 8.

[0040] Energy storage process: during the off-peak period, the carbon dioxide in the low-pressure recovery well 22 is released, and the temperature and pressure are stabilized by the low-pressure throttling valve 23 and the cooler 24. Then the carbon dioxide enters the low-pressure compressor 8, the medium-pressure compressor 9 and the high-pressure compressor 10 to be compressed to a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The carbon dioxide at the outlet of the high-pressure compressor 10 is used for heat utilization by the compressed heat exchanger 27 and supplied to the heat user. The heat-exchanged carbon dioxide is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir by the high-pressure injection well 13, which is the energy storage process of the carbon dioxide energy storage system.

[0041] The carbon dioxide discharged from the desorption tower 3 is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the low-pressure injection well 21 to ensure the constant outlet pressure of the low-pressure production well 22 and improve the system performance while the energy storage process is carried out.

[0042] In the further optimization scheme, the pressure booster includes a make-up compressor 7 which is connected between the gas outlet end of the desorption tower 3 and the high-pressure injection well 13.

[0043] As shown in Figure 1 In the energy storage process, the carbon dioxide at the top of the desorption tower 3 is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the low-pressure injection well 21 to maintain the stable pressure in the energy storage stage; in the energy release process, the carbon dioxide at the top of the desorption tower 3 is compressed by the make-up compressor 7 and then injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the high-pressure injection well 13 to maintain the stable pressure in the energy release stage.

[0044] In the further optimization scheme, the multi-stage expansion unit includes a high-pressure expander 16, a medium-pressure expander 17 and a low-pressure expander 18 which are connected in sequence, the gas inlet end of the high-pressure expander 16 is connected with the high-pressure production well 14 through the high-pressure throttle valve 15, and the gas outlet end of the low-pressure expander 18 is connected with the low-pressure injection well 21.

[0045] In the energy release process, the high-pressure production well 14 releases the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide which enters the high-pressure expander 16, the medium-pressure expander 17 and the low-pressure expander 18 to do work after the pressure is stabilized by the high-pressure throttle valve 15. The carbon dioxide after work is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the low-pressure injection well 21.

[0046] In the further optimization scheme, the heat absorption unit includes a first inter-stage cooler 11 and a second inter-stage cooler 12, the heat source side inlet of the first inter-stage cooler 11 is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure compressor 8, the heat source side outlet of the first inter-stage cooler 11 is connected with the inlet of the medium-pressure compressor 9, the heat source side inlet of the second inter-stage cooler 12 is connected with the outlet of the medium-pressure compressor 9, and the heat source side outlet of the second inter-stage cooler 12 is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure compressor 10.

[0047] In the further optimization scheme, the heat release unit includes a first inter-stage reheater 19 and a second inter-stage reheater 20, the cold source side inlet of the first inter-stage reheater 19 is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure expander 16, the cold source side outlet of the first inter-stage reheater 19 is connected with the inlet of the medium-pressure expander 17, the cold source side inlet of the second inter-stage reheater 20 is connected with the outlet of the medium-pressure expander 17, and the cold source side outlet of the second inter-stage reheater 20 is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure expander 18.

[0048] Further optimization scheme, the heat exchange element includes the cold storage tank 25 and the heat storage tank 26, the inlet of the cold storage tank 25 is communicated with the heat source side outlet of the first interstage reheater 19 and the second interstage reheater 20 respectively, the outlet of the cold storage tank 25 is communicated with the cold source side inlet of the first interstage cooler 11 and the second interstage cooler 12 respectively, the inlet of the heat storage tank 26 is communicated with the cold source side outlet of the first interstage cooler 11 and the second interstage cooler 12 respectively, and the outlet of the heat storage tank 26 is communicated with the heat source side inlet of the first interstage reheater 19 and the second interstage reheater 20 respectively;

[0049] The outlet of the cold storage tank 25 is communicated with the cold source side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and the inlet of the heat storage tank 26 is communicated with the cold source side outlet of the heat exchanger 5.

[0050] As shown in the figure, Figure 1 During the energy storage process, the cold storage tank 25 releases the cooling medium, the compression heat in the pressurization process of the low-pressure compressor 8 and the medium-pressure compressor 9 is recovered through the first interstage cooler 11 and the second interstage cooler 12, and the medium with the temperature rising is stored in the heat storage tank 26.

[0051] During the energy release process, the heat storage tank 26 releases the medium into the first interstage reheater 19 and the second interstage reheater 20, further heats the carbon dioxide by using the compression heat stored in the heat storage tank 26, improves the work capacity of the carbon dioxide, and thus improves the system efficiency.

[0052] After heat exchange in the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2, the temperature of the alcohol amine solution flowing to the alcohol amine solution storage tank 6 is high, the medium in the cold storage tank 25 is heated and delivered to the heat storage tank 26 by using the heat exchanger 5, and the temperature of the heat storage tank 26 is improved by using the high-temperature waste heat.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0054] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, characterized by, The application relates to a carbon dioxide capture assembly, a carbon dioxide energy storage assembly, a carbon dioxide energy release assembly and a heat exchange mechanism. The carbon dioxide capture assembly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower (1) and a desorption tower (3) which are sequentially connected, and an alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism is arranged between the carbon dioxide absorption tower (1) and the desorption tower (3). The carbon dioxide energy storage assembly comprises a low-pressure recovery well (22), the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well (22) is connected with a multi-stage pressurizing part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage pressurizing part is connected with the gas inlet end of a post-compression heat exchanger (27), the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is connected with a high-pressure injection well (13), the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is used for supplying carbon dioxide gas waste heat to a heat user, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower (3) is connected with the high-pressure injection well (13) through a booster. The carbon dioxide energy release assembly comprises a high-pressure recovery well (14), the outlet of the high-pressure recovery well (14) is connected with a multi-stage expansion part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage expansion part is connected with a low-pressure injection well (21), and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower (3) is connected with the low-pressure injection well (21). The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorption part arranged in the multi-stage pressurizing part and a heat release part arranged in the multi-stage expansion part, a heat exchange part is arranged between the heat absorption part and the heat release part, and the alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism is arranged corresponding to the heat exchange part. The alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism comprises a lean-liquid-rich-liquid heat exchanger (2), the cold source side inlet of the lean-liquid-rich-liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected with the bottom outlet of the absorption tower (1), the cold source side outlet of the lean-liquid-rich-liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected with the top inlet of the desorption tower (3), the bottom outlet of the desorption tower (3) is connected with the outlet of a reboiler (4), the top outlet of the reboiler (4) is connected with the bottom inlet of the desorption tower (3), the bottom outlet of the reboiler (4) is connected with the heat source side inlet of the lean-liquid-rich-liquid heat exchanger (2), the heat source side outlet of the lean-liquid-rich-liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected with the heat source side inlet of a heat exchanger (5), the heat source side outlet of the heat exchanger (5) is connected with the inlet of an alcohol amine solution storage tank (6), and the outlet of the alcohol amine solution storage tank (6) is connected with the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower (1). The booster comprises a supplemental energy compressor (7) which is connected between the gas outlet end of the desorption tower (3) and the high-pressure injection well (13).

2. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage pressurizing part comprises a low-pressure compressor (8), a medium-pressure compressor (9) and a high-pressure compressor (10) which are sequentially connected, the inlet of the low-pressure compressor (8) is connected with the low-pressure recovery well (22), the outlet of the high-pressure compressor (10) is connected with the heat source side inlet of the post-compression heat exchanger (27), the heat source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is connected with the high-pressure injection well (13), and the cold source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is connected with a heat user.

3. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein: The outlet of the low-pressure recovery well (22) is sequentially connected with a low-pressure throttle valve (23) and a cooler (24), and the gas outlet of the cooler (24) is connected with the gas inlet of the low-pressure compressor (8).

4. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-stage expansion part comprises a high-pressure expander (16), a medium-pressure expander (17), and a low-pressure expander (18) connected in sequence, the gas inlet end of the high-pressure expander (16) is connected with the high-pressure production well (14) through a low-pressure throttling valve (15), and the gas outlet end of the low-pressure expander (18) is connected with the low-pressure injection well (21).

5. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat-absorbing part comprises a first inter-stage cooler (11) and a second inter-stage cooler (12), the heat source side inlet of the first inter-stage cooler (11) is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure compressor (8), the heat source side outlet of the first inter-stage cooler (11) is connected with the inlet of the medium-pressure compressor (9), the heat source side inlet of the second inter-stage cooler (12) is connected with the outlet of the medium-pressure compressor (9), and the heat source side outlet of the second inter-stage cooler (12) is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure compressor (10).

6. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-releasing part comprises a first inter-stage reheater (19) and a second inter-stage reheater (20), the cold source side inlet of the first inter-stage reheater (19) is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure expander (16), the cold source side outlet of the first inter-stage reheater (19) is connected with the inlet of the medium-pressure expander (17), the cold source side inlet of the second inter-stage reheater (20) is connected with the outlet of the medium-pressure expander (17), and the cold source side outlet of the second inter-stage reheater (20) is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure expander (18).

7. A carbon capture based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat-exchanging part comprises a cold storage tank (25) and a heat storage tank (26), the inlets of the cold storage tank (25) are respectively connected with the heat source side outlets of the first inter-stage reheater (19) and the second inter-stage reheater (20), the outlet of the cold storage tank (25) is respectively connected with the cold source side inlets of the first inter-stage cooler (11) and the second inter-stage cooler (12), the inlets of the heat storage tank (26) are respectively connected with the cold source side outlets of the first inter-stage cooler (11) and the second inter-stage cooler (12), and the outlet of the heat storage tank (26) is respectively connected with the heat source side inlets of the first inter-stage reheater (19) and the second inter-stage reheater (20). The outlet of the cold storage tank (25) is connected with the cold source side inlet of the heat exchanger (5), and the inlet of the heat storage tank (26) is connected with the cold source side outlet of the heat exchanger (5).

Images