Device and method for simulating underwater rock blasting sympathetic detonation distance

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating an underwater rock blasting sympathetic detonation distance, the device for simulating the underwater rock blasting sympathetic detonation distance comprises a water storage tank, a sludge area and a rock area are sequentially arranged in the water storage tank along the horizontal direction, a separation limiting layer is arranged between the sludge area and the rock area, and the separation limiting layer is arranged in the water storage tank. An explosion-proof cover capable of being opened is arranged above the water storage tank, an explosion-proof camera is installed in the explosion-proof cover, an explosion-proof device is further installed on the explosion-proof cover, and the explosion-proof device is arranged below the explosion-proof camera. According to the technical scheme, the sludge area and the rock area are arranged to simulate the condition in a river channel as much as possible, then the sludge area and the rock area are separated through the separation limiting layer, the stability of the sludge area and the rock area is improved, later drilling is facilitated, meanwhile, the possibility that explosion causes danger to the surroundings is reduced through the anti-explosion cover, and the safety of the river channel is improved. And the explosion-proof camera can record an explosion picture so as to carry out accurate analysis, so that the precision of the explosion test is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of simulated blasting, and in particular to a device and method for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting. Background Art

[0002] Underwater blasting refers to blasting operations carried out in water, underwater or in temporary media. Common methods of underwater blasting include exposed blasting, drilling blasting and chamber blasting. The principle of underwater blasting is to use the detonation phenomenon produced by the explosion of emulsion explosives. The hull steel plates and structures are destroyed by the violent destructive effects produced by the shock wave energy (impact damage) and high-energy density gas (which can produce extremely destructive bubble pulsation effect). The main material of blasting engineering is explosives. Explosives are flammable and explosive items. Under certain conditions, their performance is stable, and they are safe to store, transport and use. When conducting blasting operations, the most important thing is how to improve efficiency, completely explode and operate safely.

[0003] As the construction was in the flood season, a batch of underwater explosives could not be detonated because of broken fuses due to the sudden rise in water levels. At the same time, due to the large amount of explosives, this batch of explosives needed to be processed. For safety reasons, it was planned to use the sympathetic detonation method to detonate this part of the explosives. However, due to the complex underwater environment and the difficulty in determining the sympathetic detonation distance, it was necessary to simulate and measure the sympathetic detonation distance on land. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a device and method for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting, so as to improve the problem that the high-altitude construction of tie beams is relatively troublesome and has high safety hazards.

[0005] The present application provides a device and method for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting, which adopts the following technical solutions: A device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting comprises a water storage tank, wherein a mud area and a rock area are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction in the water storage tank, a separation and limiting layer is arranged between the mud area and the rock area, an openable explosion-proof cover is arranged above the water storage tank, an explosion-proof camera is installed in the explosion-proof cover, an explosion-proof device is also installed on the explosion-proof cover, and the explosion-proof device is arranged below the explosion-proof camera.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, silt areas and rock areas are set up to simulate the situation in the river channel as much as possible, and then the silt area and the rock area are separated by a separation limit layer to improve the stability of the silt area and the rock area to facilitate subsequent drilling. At the same time, explosion-proof covers are used to reduce the possibility of danger caused by explosions to the surrounding areas, and explosion-proof cameras can record the explosion images for accurate analysis, thereby improving the accuracy of the blasting test.

[0007] Optionally, the explosion-proof device includes a fixed plate, a first explosion-proof plate and a second explosion-proof plate, the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate are arranged at an angle, the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the explosion-proof cover, the first explosion-proof plate is hinged to the fixed plate, the second explosion-proof plate is hinged to the side wall of the explosion-proof cover, and shock-absorbing and buffering components are respectively provided between the first explosion-proof plate and the fixed plate, and between the second explosion-proof plate and the side wall of the explosion-proof cover.

[0008] Through the above technical scheme, by setting the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate, it is convenient to block the shock wave and flying objects generated by the explosion, and at the same time use the shock-absorbing buffer component to unload the force, thereby reducing the possibility of damage or popping up of the explosion-proof cover due to the explosion, thereby ensuring the safety of the test.

[0009] Optionally, the shock-absorbing and buffering assembly includes a damper and a tension spring, and the damper and the tension spring are provided in multiple groups, one end of the damper and the tension spring is connected to the side wall of the fixed plate or the explosion-proof cover, and the other end is connected to the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, the shock absorption system composed of the damper and the tension spring can buffer the impact transmitted by the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate, absorb the impact energy, reduce the impact of vibration on the explosion-proof cover, and thus ensure the stable operation of the explosion-proof camera.

[0011] Optionally, the damper includes a sleeve rod and a shaft rod, the shaft rod is inserted into the sleeve rod, and the sleeve rod is provided with a compression spring, one end of the compression spring abuts against the shaft rod, and the other end abuts against the bottom end of the inner hole of the sleeve rod.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, a damper is formed by the shaft rod, the sleeve rod and the compression spring, which realizes the telescopic function while providing strong support for the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate.

[0013] Optionally, the sleeve is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, a non-Newtonian fluid is filled in the sleeve. When the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate is subjected to a large impact, the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate will apply a large force to the damper. At this time, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid rises sharply, preventing the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate from continuing to rotate, and causing the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate to rebound. During the rebound of the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate, the non-Newtonian fluid will also generate resistance to the shaft rod to prevent the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate from applying too much tension to the tension spring. Subsequently, the tension spring pulls the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate back. At this time, the non-Newtonian fluid cooperates with the compression spring to continue to resist the impact of the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate, and during the entire process, the non-Newtonian fluid continues to absorb vibration energy and reduce impact force.

[0015] Optionally, an explosion-proof glass frame is installed on the explosion-proof cover, the explosion-proof camera is installed in the explosion-proof glass frame, and a reinforced explosion-proof glass layer is fixedly connected to the explosion-proof cover, and the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer is located below the explosion-proof glass frame.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the explosion-proof effect is further improved through the explosion-proof glass frame and the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the explosion-proof camera.

[0017] Optionally, the explosion-proof camera includes a front camera and a side camera, the shooting end of the front camera is arranged to face directly downward, and the shooting end of the side camera is arranged to face sideways; The explosion-proof cover is also provided with a rotating shaft, on which a reflector is provided. The reflector is tilted to reflect the image in the water tank and transmit it to the side camera.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, through the cooperation of the front camera and the side camera, multi-angle shooting can be achieved, the shooting range is improved, and more details can be recorded.

[0019] Optionally, the explosion-proof frame and the rotating shaft are both slidably connected to the explosion-proof cover, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the reflector, and the side camera is ball-jointed to the explosion-proof frame.

[0020] The above technical solution makes it easy to move the forward camera and the side camera so as to record different blasting positions more accurately.

[0021] Optionally, a projection of the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer in the vertical direction partially overlaps with both the first explosion-proof panel and the second explosion-proof panel.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the strengthened explosion-proof glass layer can cooperate with the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate to further enhance the comprehensiveness of explosion protection.

[0023] A method, based on the above-mentioned device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting, comprises the following steps: S1, excavating silt and rock from a river channel and transferring them to a water storage tank to form a silt area and a rock area in the water storage tank, and adding a separation limit layer between the silt area and the rock area during the transfer process; S2, drilling a main blasting hole and a detonation hole in the silt area or the rock area, then filling the main blasting hole and the detonation hole with explosives, and finally closing the explosion-proof cover, detonating the explosive in the main blasting hole, and then recording the amount of explosives in the main blasting hole and the distance between the main blasting hole and the detonation hole, while an explosion-proof camera records the explosion process; S3, conducting simulation tests in four situations, the first one is that the main blasting hole and the detonation hole are both set in the silt area, the second one is that the main blasting hole and the detonation hole are both set in the rock area, the third one is that the main blasting hole is set in the rock area, and the detonation hole is set in the silt area, and the fourth one is that the main blasting hole is set in the silt area, and the detonation hole is set in the rock area.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Set up silt and rock areas to simulate the situation in the river channel as much as possible, and then separate the silt and rock areas through separation limit layers to improve the stability of the silt and rock areas for later drilling. At the same time, use explosion-proof covers to reduce the possibility of explosions causing danger to the surrounding areas, and explosion-proof cameras can record the explosion images for accurate analysis, thereby improving the accuracy of the blasting test; 2. The first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate are arranged to block the shock wave and flying objects generated by the explosion. At the same time, the shock-absorbing and buffering components are used to unload the force, thereby reducing the possibility of damage or bounce of the explosion-proof cover caused by the explosion, thereby ensuring the safety of the test; 3. The shock absorption system composed of the damper and the tension spring can buffer the impact transmitted by the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate, absorb the impact energy, reduce the impact of vibration on the explosion-proof cover, and thus ensure the stable operation of the explosion-proof camera; 4. Fill the sleeve with non-Newtonian fluid. When the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate is subjected to a large impact, the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate will apply a large force to the damper. At this time, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid rises sharply, preventing the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate from continuing to rotate, and causing the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate to rebound. During the rebound of the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate, the non-Newtonian fluid will also generate resistance to the shaft rod to prevent the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate from applying too much tension to the tension spring. Subsequently, the tension spring pulls the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate back. At this time, the non-Newtonian fluid cooperates with the compression spring to continue to resist the impact of the first explosion-proof plate or the second explosion-proof plate. In the whole process, the non-Newtonian fluid continues to absorb vibration energy and reduce the impact force. 5. Through the cooperation of the front camera and the side camera, multi-angle shooting is achieved, the shooting range is improved, and more details are recorded; 6. The explosion-proof effect is further enhanced through the explosion-proof glass frame and the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer to ensure the safety and stability of the explosion-proof camera. The reinforced explosion-proof glass layer can cooperate with the first explosion-proof plate and the second explosion-proof plate to further enhance the comprehensiveness of explosion-proof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the whole device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a water storage tank in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an explosion-proof device in the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1. water storage tank; 11. silt area; 12. rock area; 13. partition and limiting layer; 2. explosion-proof cover; 21. explosion-proof glass frame; 22. reinforced explosion-proof glass layer; 23. rotating shaft; 24. reflector; 3. explosion-proof camera; 4. explosion-proof device; 41. fixing plate; 42. first explosion-proof plate; 43. second explosion-proof plate; 44. damper; 45. tension spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Embodiment 1 In a first aspect, the present application discloses a device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting.

[0032] A device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting, referring to Figures 1 to 3, including a water storage tank 1, in which a silt area 11 and a rock area 12 are arranged in sequence along the horizontal direction, a separation and limiting layer 13 is arranged between the silt area 11 and the rock area 12, and an openable explosion-proof cover 2 is arranged above the water storage tank 1, an explosion-proof camera 3 is installed in the explosion-proof cover 2, and an explosion-proof device 4 is also installed on the explosion-proof cover 2, and the explosion-proof device 4 is arranged below the explosion-proof camera 3. The silt area 11 and the rock area 12 are arranged to simulate the situation in the river channel as much as possible, and then the silt area 11 and the rock area 12 are separated by the separation and limiting layer 13, so as to improve the stability of the silt area 11 and the rock area 12, so as to facilitate the subsequent drilling, and at the same time, the explosion-proof cover 2 is used to reduce the possibility of danger caused by the explosion to the surroundings, and the explosion-proof camera 3 can record the explosion picture for accurate analysis, thereby improving the accuracy of the blasting test.

[0033] Specifically, the explosion-proof device 4 includes a fixed plate 41, a first explosion-proof plate 42 and a second explosion-proof plate 43, the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43 are arranged obliquely, and the distance between the tops of the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43 is smaller than the distance between the bottoms. The fixed plate 41 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the explosion-proof cover 2, the first explosion-proof plate 42 is hinged to the fixed plate 41, the second explosion-proof plate 43 is hinged to the side wall of the explosion-proof cover 2, and shock-absorbing and buffering components are respectively arranged between the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the fixed plate 41, and between the second explosion-proof plate 43 and the side wall of the explosion-proof cover 2. Through the arrangement of the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43, it is convenient to block the shock wave and splashing objects generated by the explosion, and at the same time, the shock-absorbing and buffering components are used to unload the force, thereby reducing the possibility of damage or bounce of the explosion-proof cover 2 caused by the explosion, thereby ensuring the safety of the test.

[0034] In order to further ensure the shock absorption and buffering effect, the shock absorption and buffering assembly includes a damper 44 and a tension spring 45. The damper 44 and the tension spring 45 are provided with multiple groups. One end of the damper 44 and the tension spring 45 is hinged to the fixed plate 41 or the side wall of the explosion-proof cover 2, and the other end is hinged to the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43, so as to facilitate the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43 to continuously apply damping and tension to the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43 when the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 rotates, so as to achieve continuous energy absorption and buffering. The damper 44 and the tension spring 45 form a shock absorption system, which can buffer the impact transmitted by the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43, absorb the impact energy, reduce the impact of vibration on the explosion-proof cover 2, and thus ensure the stable operation of the explosion-proof camera 3. At the same time, the length of the damper 44 and the tension spring 45 is also set according to the distance between the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the fixed plate 41 or the distance between the second explosion-proof plate 43 and the side wall of the explosion-proof cover 2.

[0035] More specifically, the damper 44 includes a sleeve rod and a shaft rod, the shaft rod is inserted into the sleeve rod, and the sleeve rod is provided with a compression spring, one end of the compression spring abuts against the shaft rod, and the other end abuts against the bottom end of the inner hole of the sleeve rod. The damper 44 is composed of the shaft rod, the sleeve rod and the compression spring, which realizes the telescopic function and provides strong support for the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43.

[0036] In addition, the sleeve is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid, and the shaft rod is wrapped by the non-Newtonian fluid, so that the shaft rod is affected by the non-Newtonian fluid no matter it moves toward the sleeve rod or moves away from the sleeve rod. When the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 is subjected to a large impact, the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43 will apply a large force to the damper 44. At this time, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid rises sharply, preventing the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 from continuing to rotate, and causing the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 to rebound. During the rebound of the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43, the non-Newtonian fluid will also generate resistance to the shaft rod to prevent the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 from applying too much tension to the tension spring 45. Then the tension spring 45 pulls the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 back. At this time, the non-Newtonian fluid cooperates with the compression spring to continue to resist the impact of the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43, and the cycle repeats until the impact on the first explosion-proof plate 42 or the second explosion-proof plate 43 is completely removed. In the whole process, the non-Newtonian fluid continues to absorb vibration energy and accelerates the loss of impact force.

[0037] In addition, an explosion-proof glass frame 21 is installed on the explosion-proof cover 2, and the explosion-proof camera 3 is installed in the explosion-proof glass frame 21. A reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22 is fixedly connected to the explosion-proof cover 2, and the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22 is located below the explosion-proof glass frame 21. The explosion-proof effect is further improved by the explosion-proof glass frame 21 and the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22, and the safety and stability of the explosion-proof camera 3 are guaranteed. The projection of the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22 in the vertical direction partially overlaps with the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43. The reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22 can cooperate with the first explosion-proof plate 42 and the second explosion-proof plate 43 to further improve the comprehensiveness of the explosion-proof and block the impact directly generated by the explosion to the maximum extent.

[0038] In order to improve the impact resistance of the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22, a rubber layer is provided at the bottom of the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer 22, and a plurality of avoidance grooves are opened on the rubber layer to facilitate the explosion-proof camera 3 to take pictures.

[0039] The explosion-proof camera 3 includes a forward camera and a side camera. The shooting end of the forward camera is set to face directly downward, and the shooting end of the side camera is set to face the side. The explosion-proof cover 2 is also provided with a rotating shaft 23, and a reflector is provided on the rotating shaft 23. The reflector is tilted to reflect the image in the water tank 1 and transmit it to the side camera. Through the cooperation of the forward camera and the side camera, multi-angle shooting is achieved, the shooting range is improved, and more details are recorded. The explosion-proof frame and the rotating shaft 23 are both slidably connected to the explosion-proof cover 2, which is convenient for moving the forward camera and the side camera so as to record different blasting positions more accurately. The rotating shaft 23 is rotatably connected to the reflector 24, which is convenient for adjusting the angle of the reflector 24; the side camera is spherically connected to the explosion-proof frame, which is convenient for adjusting the angle of the side camera, and then cooperates with the reflector 24 to shoot different positions in the water tank 1 to better adapt to different blasting positions. The adjustment of the side camera, the reflector 24 and the explosion-proof frame can be achieved by locking bolts.

[0040] Working principle: By setting up the silt area 11 and the rock area 12 to simulate the situation in the river channel as much as possible, and then separating the silt area 11 from the rock area 12 through the separation limit layer 13, the stability of the silt area 11 and the rock area 12 is improved to facilitate the subsequent drilling, and at the same time, the explosion-proof cover 2 is used to reduce the possibility of danger to the surroundings caused by the explosion, and the explosion-proof camera 3 can record the explosion picture for accurate analysis, thereby improving the accuracy of the blasting test.

[0041] In a second aspect, the present application discloses a method.

[0042] A method, based on the above-mentioned device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting, comprises the following steps: S1. Silt and rock are excavated from the river channel and transferred to the water storage tank 1, forming a silt area 11 and a rock area 12 in the water storage tank 1. The silt layer contains only silt, while the rock area 12 contains both silt and rock. During the transfer process, a separation and limiting layer 13 is added between the silt area 11 and the rock area 12. The separation and limiting layer 13 can be made of a metal mesh to prevent the rock in the rock area 12 from moving into the silt area 11, and at the same time, the impact on the transmission of the shock wave during the explosion is small.

[0043] S2, drill the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole in the silt area 11 or the rock area 12, then fill the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole with explosives, and finally close the explosion-proof cover 2, detonate the explosives in the main blast hole, and then record the amount of explosives in the main blast hole, the diameter of the main blast hole, the distance between the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole, etc. At the same time, the explosion-proof camera 3 records the explosion process, so as to analyze the explosion range, sympathetic explosion situation, etc. later, and then optimize the overall amount of explosives, the amount of explosives at the same height, etc. The opening and closing of the explosion-proof cover 2 can be achieved by a crane.

[0044] S3. Four simulation tests were conducted. The first one was that both the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole were set in the mud area 11; the second one was that both the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole were set in the rock area 12; the third one was that the main blast hole was set in the rock area 12 and the sympathetic explosion hole was set in the mud area 11; the fourth one was that the main blast hole was set in the mud area 11 and the sympathetic explosion hole was set in the rock area 12. By simulating the four cases respectively, the sympathetic explosion distance based on different cases was obtained, and the safety of the actual working conditions of the later processing was improved.

[0045] The embodiments of this specific implementation are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. The same components are represented by the same figure marks. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting, characterized in that: The invention comprises a water storage tank (1), wherein a mud area (11) and a rock area (12) are sequentially arranged in the horizontal direction in the water storage tank (1), a separation limiting layer (13) is arranged between the mud area (11) and the rock area (12), an openable explosion-proof cover (2) is arranged above the water storage tank (1), an explosion-proof camera (3) is installed in the explosion-proof cover (2), an explosion-proof device (4) is also installed on the explosion-proof cover (2), and the explosion-proof device (4) is arranged below the explosion-proof camera (3).

2. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof device (4) comprises a fixed plate (41), a first explosion-proof plate (42) and a second explosion-proof plate (43); the fixed plate (41) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the explosion-proof cover (2); the first explosion-proof plate (42) is hinged to the fixed plate (41); the second explosion-proof plate (43) is hinged to the side wall of the explosion-proof cover (2); and shock-absorbing and buffering components are respectively provided between the first explosion-proof plate (42) and the fixed plate (41) and between the second explosion-proof plate (43) and the side wall of the explosion-proof cover (2).

3. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shock absorbing and buffering assembly comprises a damper (44) and a tension spring (45), wherein the damper (44) and the tension spring (45) are provided in multiple groups, wherein one end of the damper (44) and the tension spring (45) is connected to the side wall of the fixing plate (41) or the explosion-proof cover (2), and the other end is connected to the first explosion-proof plate (42) or the second explosion-proof plate (43).

4. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damper (44) comprises a sleeve rod and a shaft rod, wherein the shaft rod is inserted into the sleeve rod, and the sleeve rod is provided with a compression spring, wherein one end of the compression spring abuts against the shaft rod, and the other end abuts against the bottom end of the inner hole of the sleeve rod.

5. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sleeve is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid.

6. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: An explosion-proof glass frame (21) is installed on the explosion-proof cover (2), the explosion-proof camera (3) is installed in the explosion-proof glass frame (21), and a reinforced explosion-proof glass layer (22) is fixedly connected to the explosion-proof cover (2), and the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer (22) is located below the explosion-proof glass frame (21).

7. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The explosion-proof camera (3) comprises a front camera and a side camera, wherein the shooting end of the front camera is arranged to face downward, and the shooting end of the side camera is arranged to face sideways; The explosion-proof cover (2) is also provided with a rotating shaft (23), and a reflecting mirror is provided on the rotating shaft (23). The reflecting mirror is arranged at an angle to reflect the image in the water storage tank (1) and transmit it to the side camera.

8. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The explosion-proof frame and the rotating shaft (23) are both slidably connected to the explosion-proof cover (2), the rotating shaft (23) is rotationally connected to the reflector (24), and the side camera is spherically jointed with the explosion-proof frame.

9. The device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The projection of the reinforced explosion-proof glass layer (22) in the vertical direction partially overlaps with the first explosion-proof panel (42) and the second explosion-proof panel (43).

10. A method, based on a device for simulating the detonation distance of underwater rock blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, excavating silt and rocks from the river channel and transferring them to the water storage tank (1), forming a silt area (11) and a rock area (12) in the water storage tank (1), and during the transfer process, adding a separation limiting layer (13) between the silt area (11) and the rock area (12); S2, drilling a main blast hole and a secondary blast hole in the mud area (11) or the rock area (12), then filling the main blast hole and the secondary blast hole with explosives, and finally closing the explosion-proof cover (2), detonating the explosives in the main blast hole, and then recording the amount of explosives in the main blast hole, the diameter of the main blast hole, and the distance between the main blast hole and the secondary blast hole, while the explosion-proof camera (3) records the explosion process; S3. Simulation tests were conducted in four situations. The first situation was that both the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole were set in the mud area (11). The second situation was that both the main blast hole and the sympathetic explosion hole were set in the rock area (12). The third situation was that the main blast hole was set in the rock area (12) and the sympathetic explosion hole was set in the mud area (11). The fourth situation was that the main blast hole was set in the mud area (11) and the sympathetic explosion hole was set in the rock area (12).

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