Tunnel blasting method and tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel blasting method and a tunnel, and relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, and the tunnel blasting method comprises the steps that a second blasting area is divided into a plurality of blasting sections in the vertical direction; a plurality of first blast holes are formed in each blasting section in the extending direction of the blasting section at intervals, one blasting section located in the middle is set as an initial blasting section, and the blasting time of the other blasting sections is set to be gradually delayed upwards and downwards from the initial blasting section; the detonation time of the multiple first blast holes in each detonation section is set to be gradually delayed in the first direction; determining a detonating sequence according to the detonating time of all the detonating sections and the detonating time of all the first blast holes; and sequentially detonating the first blast holes according to the detonating sequence. According to the blasting method for the tunnel, vibration generated by blasting in tunnel construction can be effectively reduced, and the influence on the surrounding environment is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, and in particular to a tunnel blasting method and a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] As a key part of infrastructure construction such as transportation and municipal administration, the vibration problems generated during the construction and operation of tunnel engineering have always been the focus of industry attention. With the acceleration of urbanization and the expansion of underground space development and utilization, the impact of tunnel construction on the surrounding environment has become more and more significant. In addition, the vibration generated by blasting during tunnel construction is relatively large, which has a greater impact on the surrounding environment. Especially when the cross-section of the tunnel is large, more explosives are needed for blasting, and using more explosives for blasting will produce stronger vibrations, resulting in greater impact on the surrounding environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel blasting method and a tunnel, aiming to solve the technical problem that the vibration generated by blasting during tunnel construction is large and has a great impact on the surrounding environment.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tunnel blasting method, which comprises:

[0005] A to-be-blasted area is set at a position of the tunnel face near the tunnel top, and the to-be-blasted area is divided along a dividing plane into a first blasting area and a second blasting area which are sequentially arranged in a transverse direction;

[0006] detonating the first blasting area;

[0007] The second blasting area is divided into a plurality of blasting sections along the vertical direction; wherein each of the blasting sections extends to the contour of the tunnel along a first direction, and the first direction is a direction away from the dividing surface;

[0008] A plurality of first blast holes are provided in each blasting section at intervals along the extension direction thereof;

[0009] Setting one of the blasting sections located in the middle as an initial blasting section, setting the blasting time of the remaining blasting sections to be gradually delayed upward and downward respectively from the initial blasting section, and setting the blasting time of the plurality of the first blast holes in each blasting section to be gradually delayed along the first direction;

[0010] Determining the actual detonation time of all the first blastholes in the second blasting area according to the detonation time of all the blasting sections and the detonation time of all the first blastholes in each of the blasting sections;

[0011] All the first blast holes in the second blast area are detonated according to the actual detonation times corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area.

[0012] In one embodiment,

[0013] The step of vertically dividing the second blasting area into a plurality of blasting sections comprises:

[0014] Evenly dividing the second blasting area into a plurality of blasting sections vertically;

[0015] The step of opening a plurality of first blast holes at intervals along the extension direction of each blasting section comprises:

[0016] A plurality of the first blast holes are provided in each of the blasting sections along the extension direction thereof and are spaced apart from each other by a preset distance;

[0017] The step of setting one of the blasting sections located in the middle as the initial blasting section, setting the blasting time of the remaining blasting sections to be gradually delayed upward and downward respectively from the initial blasting section, and setting the blasting time of the plurality of the first blast holes in each blasting section to be gradually delayed along the first direction comprises:

[0018] One of the blasting sections located in the middle is set as the initial blasting section, the blasting times of the remaining blasting sections are set to be gradually delayed upwards and downwards respectively at a first interval time from the initial blasting section, and the blasting times of the plurality of the first blast holes in each of the blasting sections are set to be gradually delayed along the first direction at a second interval time.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first interval time is determined according to the width of the blasting section, and the first interval time is proportional to the width of the blasting section; the second interval time is determined according to the preset distance, and the second interval time is proportional to the preset distance.

[0020] In one implementation, the first interval time is A, where 7ms≤A≤10ms; and the second interval time is B, where 7ms≤B≤10ms.

[0021] In one embodiment,

[0022] Before the step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area, the method further includes:

[0023] sequentially numbering all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the order of the actual detonation time of all the first blast holes;

[0024] Determining a detonation order according to the serial numbers of all the first blast holes in the second blasting area;

[0025] The step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area comprises:

[0026] All of the first blast holes in the second blasting area are detonated according to the detonation order.

[0027] In one embodiment, the step of sequentially numbering all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the order of the actual detonation time of all the first blast holes further includes:

[0028] The serial numbers of the first blast holes with the same actual detonation time are set to the same serial number.

[0029] In one embodiment, the inclination angle of the dividing surface is C, wherein 55°≤C≤60°.

[0030] In one embodiment, before the step of detonating all the first blastholes in the second blasting area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blastholes in the second blasting area, the step further includes:

[0031] A plurality of second blast holes are provided at intervals along the contour of the tunnel at the outer edge of the second blasting zone;

[0032] The step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area comprises:

[0033] All the first blast holes in the second blast area are detonated according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area, and all the second blast holes are detonated; wherein the detonation time of each second blast hole is later than the actual detonation time of its adjacent first blast hole.

[0034] In one embodiment, the distance between any two adjacent second blast holes is smaller than the distance between any two adjacent first blast holes in each blasting section.

[0035] The present invention also provides a tunnel, wherein the tunnel is constructed by blasting using the above-mentioned tunnel blasting method.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention can make the blasting energy be released evenly in the vertical direction by first detonating the initial detonation section located in the middle, and then gradually delaying the detonation of the remaining blasting sections, thereby avoiding local energy concentration, effectively reducing the peak value of the blasting vibration, and reducing the impact on the surrounding environment, thereby reducing the energy transmitted to the stratum where the tunnel is located, thereby reducing the vibration caused by the blasting. And detonating the first blast hole in each blasting section from the first free surface in the direction away from the first free surface can make most of the energy generated by the blasting gradually released toward the first free surface to reduce the energy released in the stratum where the tunnel is located, thereby further reducing the vibration caused by the blasting and reducing the impact on the surrounding environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a tunnel blasting method provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the area to be blasted in an embodiment of the tunnel blasting method provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the local structure of the area to be blasted in an embodiment of the tunnel blasting method provided by the present invention.

[0041] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0042] 100, area to be blasted; 10, first blasting area; 20, second blasting area; 21, blasting section; 211, first blast hole; 22, initial blasting section; 30, dividing surface; 40, second blast hole.

[0043] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0046] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0047] The invention provides a tunnel blasting method.

[0048] See also Figures 1 to 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel blasting method includes:

[0049] Step S100, setting a to-be-blasted area at a position of the tunnel face close to the tunnel top, and dividing the to-be-blasted area along a dividing plane into a first blasting area and a second blasting area sequentially arranged in a transverse direction;

[0050] Step S200, detonating the first blasting area;

[0051] Step S300, dividing the second blasting area into a plurality of blasting sections along the vertical direction; wherein each of the blasting sections extends along a first direction to the contour of the tunnel, and the first direction is a direction away from the dividing surface;

[0052] Step S400, a plurality of first blast holes are opened at intervals along the extension direction of each blasting section;

[0053] Step S500, setting one of the blasting sections located in the middle as the initial blasting section, setting the blasting time of the remaining blasting sections to be gradually delayed upward and downward respectively from the initial blasting section, and setting the blasting time of the plurality of the first blastholes in each blasting section to be gradually delayed along the first direction;

[0054] Step S600, determining the actual detonation time of all the first blastholes in the second blasting area according to the detonation time of all the blasting sections and the detonation time of all the first blastholes in each of the blasting sections;

[0055] Step S700: detonate all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blasting area.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention first determines the blasting area on the tunnel face, divides the blasting area into a first blasting area 10 and a second blasting area 20, and first uses a conventional blasting method to detonate the first blasting area 10, for example: detonation is performed by using a groove blasting method. After the detonation of the first blasting area 10 is completed, the side and bottom surfaces of the second blasting area 20 corresponding to the dividing surface 30 are respectively formed as a first free surface and a second free surface. The second detonation area is divided into a plurality of blasting sections along the up and down directions, and the plurality of blasting sections extend from the first free surface to the contour of the tunnel in a direction away from the first free surface. In each blasting section, a plurality of first blast holes 211 are opened at intervals along the extension direction of each blasting section. The detonation time of each blasting section and the detonation time of the first blast hole 211 in each blasting section are superimposed to obtain the actual detonation time of the first blast hole 211. For example, if the detonation time of a blasting section is 11ms, and the detonation time of a first blast hole 211 in the blasting section is 18ms, then the actual detonation time of the first blast hole 211 is 29ms. When it is necessary to detonate the tunnel according to the actual detonation time of the first blast hole 211, that is, first detonate the initial detonation section, then gradually delay the detonation of the blasting section above the initial detonation section upwards, and then gradually delay the detonation of the blasting section below the initial detonation section downwards. When detonating each blasting section, the detonation of multiple first blast holes 211 in the blasting section is gradually delayed along the extension direction of the blasting section.

[0057] The tunnel blasting method provided by the present invention can make the blasting energy be released evenly in the vertical direction by first detonating the initial detonation section located in the middle, and then gradually delaying the detonation of the remaining blasting sections, thereby avoiding local energy concentration, effectively reducing the peak value of the blasting vibration, reducing the impact on the surrounding environment, thereby reducing the energy transmitted to the stratum where the tunnel is located, and thus reducing the vibration caused by the blasting. And detonating the first blast hole 211 in each blasting section from the first free surface in a direction away from the first free surface can make most of the energy generated by the blasting gradually released toward the first free surface to reduce the energy released in the stratum where the tunnel is located, thereby further reducing the vibration caused by the blasting and reducing the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention,

[0059] Step S300 includes:

[0060] Step S310, dividing the second blasting area evenly into a plurality of blasting sections vertically;

[0061] Step S400 includes:

[0062] Step S410, opening a plurality of the first blast holes spaced apart by a preset distance in each of the blasting sections along the extension direction thereof;

[0063] Step S500 includes:

[0064] Step S510, setting one of the blasting sections located in the middle as the initial blasting section, setting the blasting times of the remaining blasting sections to be gradually delayed upward and downward at a first interval time from the initial blasting section, and setting the blasting times of the plurality of the first blast holes in each of the blasting sections to be gradually delayed along the first direction at a second interval time.

[0065] Specifically, a plurality of first blast holes 211 are evenly spaced along the extension direction in each blasting section, and a preset distance is provided between any two adjacent blast holes in each blasting section. Since the distance between any two adjacent blast holes is the same, the detonation time of the first blast holes 211 in each blasting section is gradually delayed by the same time, i.e., the second delay time, from the closest to the first free surface to the direction away from the first free surface. And since the delayed time is the same, it is more convenient to achieve accurate control of the detonation time of the first blast holes 211 in each blasting section. By determining the first delay time according to the width of the blasting section, the detonation sequence and time interval of each blasting section can be more accurately controlled. In this way, it can be ensured that when each blasting section is detonated, its adjacent rock section has formed a new free surface, which is conducive to the crushing and throwing of the rock, and improves the uniformity and consistency of the blasting effect. For example, if the blasting section is wider, the first delay time can be appropriately increased to release the blasting energy over a longer period of time to avoid excessive rock breakage or vibration caused by excessive energy concentration; if the blasting section is narrow, the first delay time can be reduced accordingly to ensure the efficiency and continuity of the blasting operation.

[0066] Furthermore, a plurality of first blast holes 211 are evenly opened along a preset interval in each blasting section. Starting from the initial blasting section, the blasting time of the blasting section located above the initial blasting section is gradually delayed upward by a first delay time, and the blasting time of the blasting section located below the initial blasting section is gradually delayed downward by a first delay time. The present invention evenly divides each second blasting area 20 into a plurality of blasting sections along the up and down directions, so that the delay time between the blasting times of any two adjacent blasting sections can be controlled to be the same time, that is, the first delay time, so that the precise control of the blasting time of the first blast holes 211 can be more conveniently achieved. By determining the second delay time according to the preset distance between any two adjacent first blast holes 211 in the same blasting section, the blasting sequence and time interval of each first blast hole 211 can be more accurately controlled. And by determining the second delay time according to the preset distance, the blasting time interval of each first blast hole 211 matches the propagation characteristics and vibration attenuation law of the rock, which can further reduce the vibration caused by the blasting, thereby further reducing the impact on the surrounding environment of the tunnel.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first interval time is A, where 7ms≤A≤10ms; the second interval time is B, where 7ms≤B≤10ms.

[0068] By setting the first interval time A and the second interval time B within the range of 7ms to 10ms, the release rate of the blasting energy can be reasonably controlled, and the delay time range has good applicability and can meet most blasting situations. It can also make the actual detonation time interval of each first blast hole 211 more reasonable, thereby effectively controlling the propagation of the blasting vibration. According to the superposition principle of the blasting vibration wave, when the first interval time A and the second interval time B are set within this range, the peak-to-peak subtraction effect of the blasting vibration wave can be utilized, so that the peaks and troughs of the vibration waves generated by different first blast holes 211 offset each other when superimposed, thereby reducing the vibration peak value and the total vibration amount, and reducing the adverse impact on the surrounding environment of the tunnel.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, before step S700, the method further includes:

[0070] Step A100, sequentially numbering all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the order of the actual detonation time of all the first blast holes;

[0071] Determining a detonation order according to the serial numbers of all the first blast holes in the second blasting area;

[0072] Step S700 includes:

[0073] Step S710, detonating all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the detonation order.

[0074] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, all first blast holes 211 are numbered in sequence according to the order of the detonation time of the first blast holes 211 using English letters, and the blast holes with the same actual detonation time are set to the same number and according to the sequence number, the determination of the detonation sequence can be made more systematic and standardized. The detonation sequence of each blast hole can be clearly identified by numbering, which is convenient for construction personnel to perform the detonation operation accurately in actual operation, avoiding confusion or errors in the detonation sequence caused by human errors, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the blasting operation and ensuring the smooth progress of the blasting process.

[0075] It is understandable that the first blast holes 211 may also be numbered using Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, and other characters.

[0076] In one embodiment of the present invention, step A100 further includes:

[0077] Step A110, setting the serial numbers of the first blast holes with the same actual detonation time to the same serial number.

[0078] By setting the blast holes with the same actual detonation time to the same number, the sequence of the actual detonation time of the first blast hole 211 can be more intuitively reflected, making it easier for construction personnel to perform the detonation operation accurately in actual operation.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inclination angle of the split surface 30 is C, where 55°≤C≤60°. Setting the inclination angle of the first free surface within the range of 55°≤C≤60° can enable more reasonable release and utilization of blasting energy. This angle range is conducive to rock crushing and throwing caused by blasting, so that the rock can be fully crushed and removed along the free surface direction, thereby improving the overall effect of the blasting operation and ensuring the progress and quality of tunnel excavation. In addition, the first free surface setting within this angle range can more effectively reduce the intensity and propagation range of vibration generated by blasting.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, before step S700, the method further includes:

[0081] Step B100, opening a plurality of second blast holes at intervals along the contour of the tunnel at the outer edge of the second blasting zone;

[0082] Step S700 includes:

[0083] B200, detonate all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blasting area, and detonate all the second blast holes; wherein the detonation time of each second blast hole is later than the actual detonation time of its adjacent first blast hole.

[0084] Specifically, a plurality of second blast holes 40 are spaced apart at the outer edge of the second blasting area 20, and the detonation time of each second blast hole 40 is later than the actual detonation time of its adjacent first blast hole 211. Detonating the second blast holes 40 can help the tunnel form a clearer outline, effectively reducing the workload of subsequent processing of the tunnel outline.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between any two adjacent second blast holes 40 is smaller than the distance between any two adjacent first blast holes 211 in each of the blasting sections.

[0086] Furthermore, since the spacing between the second blast holes 40 is smaller, a denser blasting action area can be formed during detonation, which helps to break the rock and accurately shape the tunnel contour, improve the uniformity and integrity of the blasting effect, and reduce the workload of subsequent processing.

[0087] The present invention also proposes a tunnel, which adopts a tunnel blasting method for blasting construction. The blasting method of the tunnel refers to the above-mentioned embodiment. Since this tunnel adopts all the technical solutions of all the above-mentioned embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be described one by one here.

[0088] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel blasting method, characterized in that: The method comprises: A to-be-blasted area is set at a position of the tunnel face near the tunnel top, and the to-be-blasted area is divided along a dividing plane into a first blasting area and a second blasting area which are sequentially arranged in a transverse direction; detonating the first blasting area; The second blasting area is divided into a plurality of blasting sections along the vertical direction; wherein each of the blasting sections extends to the contour of the tunnel along a first direction, and the first direction is a direction away from the dividing surface; A plurality of first blast holes are provided in each blasting section at intervals along the extension direction thereof; Setting one of the blasting sections located in the middle as an initial blasting section, setting the blasting time of the remaining blasting sections to be gradually delayed upward and downward respectively from the initial blasting section, and setting the blasting time of the plurality of the first blast holes in each blasting section to be gradually delayed along the first direction; Determining the actual detonation time of all the first blastholes in the second blasting area according to the detonation time of all the blasting sections and the detonation time of all the first blastholes in each of the blasting sections; All the first blast holes in the second blast area are detonated according to the actual detonation times corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area.

2. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of vertically dividing the second blasting area into a plurality of blasting sections comprises: Evenly dividing the second blasting area into a plurality of blasting sections vertically; The step of opening a plurality of first blast holes at intervals along the extension direction of each blasting section comprises: A plurality of the first blast holes are provided in each of the blasting sections along the extension direction thereof and are spaced apart from each other by a preset distance; The step of setting one of the blasting sections located in the middle as the initial blasting section, setting the blasting time of the remaining blasting sections to be gradually delayed upward and downward respectively from the initial blasting section, and setting the blasting time of the plurality of the first blast holes in each blasting section to be gradually delayed along the first direction comprises: One of the blasting sections located in the middle is set as the initial blasting section, the blasting times of the remaining blasting sections are set to be gradually delayed upwards and downwards respectively at a first interval time from the initial blasting section, and the blasting times of the plurality of the first blast holes in each of the blasting sections are set to be gradually delayed along the first direction at a second interval time.

3. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first interval time is determined according to the width of the blasting section, and the first interval time is proportional to the width of the blasting section; the second interval time is determined according to the preset distance, and the second interval time is proportional to the preset distance.

4. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first interval time is A, where 7ms≤A≤10ms; the second interval time is B, where 7ms≤B≤10ms.

5. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area, the method further includes: sequentially numbering all the first blast holes in the second blasting area according to the order of the actual detonation time of all the first blast holes; Determining a detonation order according to the serial numbers of all the first blast holes in the second blasting area; The step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area comprises: All of the first blast holes in the second blasting area are detonated according to the detonation order.

6. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of sequentially numbering all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the order of the actual detonation time of all the first blast holes in the second blast area also includes: The serial numbers of the first blast holes with the same actual detonation time are set to the same serial number.

7. The tunnel blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the dividing surface is C, wherein 55°≤C≤60°.

8. The tunnel blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Before the step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area, the method further includes: A plurality of second blast holes are provided at intervals along the contour of the tunnel at the outer edge of the second blasting zone; The step of detonating all the first blast holes in the second blast area according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area comprises: All the first blast holes in the second blast area are detonated according to the actual detonation time corresponding to all the first blast holes in the second blast area, and all the second blast holes are detonated; wherein the detonation time of each second blast hole is later than the actual detonation time of its adjacent first blast hole.

9. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The distance between any two adjacent second blast holes is smaller than the distance between any two adjacent first blast holes in each blasting section.

10. A tunnel, characterized in that: The tunnel is constructed by blasting using the tunnel blasting method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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