An irrigation area soil salt accumulation layer property surveying method based on cooperation of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground penetrating radar
By combining UAVs and ground-penetrating radar for collaborative surveys, and taking into account the soil freezing conditions in the irrigation area, the timing and parameters of the surveys were optimized. This solved the problem of electromagnetic wave attenuation in the soil of the irrigation area by ground-penetrating radar, and enabled accurate surveys and visual characterization of the salt accumulation layer.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510408570.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2045-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing ground-penetrating radar survey methods are difficult to obtain clear salt layer reflection signals in irrigated soils due to severe attenuation of electromagnetic wave energy, resulting in the inability to accurately analyze and quantitatively characterize the properties of salt layers.
By utilizing the collaborative work of UAVs and ground-penetrating radar, and taking into account the soil freezing conditions in the irrigation area, the timing and parameter configuration of the survey were optimized. The topographic data obtained by UAVs were used to determine the GPR wiring scheme, and the characteristics of the salt layer were surveyed during the freezing period. A visualization model was generated by combining the borehole information.
It enables non-invasive detection of salt layers under frozen conditions, accurately measures the depth and salinity of salt layers, provides scientific data support, and offers comprehensive and intuitive data for water and salt regulation and soil improvement in saline-alkali land.
Smart Images
Figure CN120103329B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of soil science, in particular to a method for surveying soil salt accumulation layer properties in an irrigation area based on cooperation of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground penetrating radar. BACKGROUND
[0002] The salt accumulation layer refers to a region of soil shallow layer where soluble salt accumulates gradually due to the combined effects of groundwater evaporation and winter irrigation salt compression, and the soluble salt cannot be fully leached. The existence of the salt accumulation layer not only significantly changes the physicochemical environment of the crop root zone, but also inhibits crop growth and reduces yield. In addition, it may also cause secondary problems such as soil structure degradation and deterioration of tillage performance, and even lead to land desertification in severe cases. Due to the strong variability of the salt accumulation layer, accurately grasping the high-precision spatial distribution characteristics, thickness and salt content of the salt accumulation layer is of great significance for representing the regional soil hydrological balance state, formulating scientific salt regulation strategies and implementing soil improvement measures. At present, the detection of the salt accumulation layer mainly relies on traditional drilling investigation methods. Although this method can directly obtain soil samples, it has the limitations of low efficiency, strong destructiveness and large uncertainty in practical application. In the practice of saline soil treatment and saline-alkali land improvement, the traditional drilling method often fails to meet the demand for fine characterization of the spatial distribution characteristics of the salt accumulation layer.
[0003] In recent years, with the continuous progress of geophysical exploration technology, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology has been gradually introduced into the field of soil structure detection due to its non-invasive, efficient and real-time continuous imaging characteristics. Compared with traditional methods, GPR has the technical advantages of high efficiency, non-destructiveness and simple operation, providing a new technical means for soil layer surveying. However, the high salt content of the soil in the irrigation area will cause strong energy attenuation of the electromagnetic wave during propagation, making it difficult for the reflected signal to be effectively captured by the detection system, which seriously restricts the ability of GPR to detect the structure of the salt accumulation layer in the irrigation area. Therefore, the GPR survey under normal temperature conditions often fails to obtain clear and high signal-to-noise ratio reflected signals, which affects the accurate analysis and quantitative characterization of the properties of the salt accumulation layer. SUMMARY
[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for surveying the properties of the salt accumulation layer in the irrigation area based on cooperation of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground penetrating radar, so as to solve the problem that the existing GPR survey cannot obtain the signal of the salt accumulation layer and thus cannot analyze and quantitatively characterize the properties of the salt accumulation layer.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:
[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for surveying the properties of the salt accumulation layer in the irrigation area, comprising:
[0007] inputting the ground surface temperature data, the average soil water content and the soil bulk density of the target field plot into a seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model, and outputting a freezing depth variation curve;
[0008] According to the freezing depth variation curve, a maximum soil freezing depth period of the irrigation area is selected as a GPR optimal survey time of the GPR, and GPR parameters are determined in combination with the average depth of the salt accumulation layer in the region where the target field plot is located;
[0009] The terrain of the target field plot is surveyed by using a UAV at the GPR optimal survey time, and a GPR wiring scheme is determined according to the terrain data;
[0010] Based on the GPR parameters and the wiring scheme, the GPR is used to survey the salt accumulation layer properties of the target field plot, and a visualization model is determined; the visualization model is used to display the salt accumulation layer properties; the salt accumulation layer properties include the buried depth of the salt accumulation layer and the salt content of the salt accumulation layer.
[0011] According to the specific embodiments provided in the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed: Soil freezing can significantly reduce the soil salt content and apparent dielectric constant, thereby weakening the energy attenuation in the electromagnetic wave propagation process, enabling it to propagate a longer distance and obtain a stronger reflection signal. Seasonal freezing is common in the soil distribution area of an irrigation area. Based on this, the present application innovatively utilizes the special physical conditions during soil freezing, optimizes the survey time and parameter configuration of the ground penetrating radar, and realizes the non-invasive detection of the salt accumulation layer under the freezing depth.
[0012] Specifically, first, the ground surface temperature data are collected, and a freezing depth variation curve is determined based on a freezing depth prediction model, to ensure that the detection work is carried out under the best freezing conditions, so as to accurately determine the depth and salt content of the salt accumulation layer. The detection during the freezing period is used to overcome the problem that the reflection signal under the normal temperature condition is difficult to obtain enough clear and high signal-to-noise ratio, and thus the salt accumulation layer properties can be accurately analyzed and quantitatively characterized.
[0013] In addition, the GPR wiring scheme is determined in combination with the terrain data obtained by the UAV, which provides comprehensive, intuitive and scientific data support for the water-salt regulation and soil improvement of the local saline-alkali soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.
[0015] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method for surveying the soil salt accumulation layer characteristics of an irrigation area provided in the present application is shown in Figure 1.
[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the relative ground elevation corresponding to the target field plot provided in the present application is shown in Figure 2.
[0017] Figure 3 An example of the reflection signal of the salt accumulation layer obtained by the ground penetrating radar in the frozen condition provided in the present application is shown in Figure 3.
[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the visualization model provided in the present application is shown in Figure 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0020] The above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application will be more apparent and easy to understand. The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0021] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for surveying the soil salt accumulation layer characteristics of an irrigation area, which is based on the cooperation of a UAV and a ground penetrating radar (GPR) for precise surveying the soil salt accumulation layer characteristics of an irrigation area. The GPR is used for detecting the soil salt accumulation layer under the condition of seasonal soil freezing in an irrigation area, which breaks through the problem that the electromagnetic wave of the GPR cannot identify the salt accumulation layer of the farmland soil under the conventional non-frozen condition due to rapid attenuation, and realizes the accurate acquisition of the depth (i.e., the buried depth) and the salt content of the salt accumulation layer in combination with the drilling information. The method is executed by a computer device, which can be executed by a terminal or a server alone or by the terminal and the server together. In the embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1, the method comprises the following steps. Figure 1
[0022] S1: inputting the ground surface temperature data, the average soil water content and the soil bulk density of the target field plot into a seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model, and outputting a freezing depth variation curve.
[0023] S2: selecting the maximum freezing depth period of the soil of the irrigation area as the GPR optimal surveying time of the GPR according to the freezing depth variation curve, and determining the GPR parameters in combination with the average depth of the salt accumulation layer in the area where the target field plot is located.
[0024] The GPR optimal survey time should meet the following requirements: the frozen depth reaches a deep level, and is not too close to the average depth of the local salt accumulation layer, i.e. the salt accumulation layer in the area where the target field is located.
[0025] S3: using a UAV to conduct topographic survey of the target field during the GPR optimal survey time, and determining a GPR wiring scheme according to the topographic data.
[0026] S4: based on the GPR parameters and the wiring scheme, using the GPR to conduct salt accumulation layer property survey of the target field, and determining a visualization model; the visualization model is used to display the salt accumulation layer properties; the salt accumulation layer properties include the salt accumulation layer burial depth and the salt accumulation layer salt content.
[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, S1 further includes: constructing a seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model; the seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model specifically implements the following steps:
[0028] S11: calculating the freezing index (F) by cumulatively calculating the daily average temperature data monitored in real time.
[0029] F = ∑ |T i |
[0030] where T i is the daily average temperature below zero degrees.
[0031] S12: establishing a soil parameter model, and calculating the soil volume latent heat (Q L ) by using the water freezing latent heat (L), the average soil water content (θ), and the soil bulk density (ρ).
[0032] Q L = Lθρ
[0033] S13: calculating the soil freezing depth (d f ) by using the freezing index, the soil volume latent heat, and the soil thermal conductivity (k); the specific relationship is as follows:
[0034]
[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, S2 selects appropriate GPR parameters including center frequency and time window by the average depth of the salt accumulation layer.
[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, S3 can be replaced by the following steps.
[0037] S31: using a UAV to conduct topographic survey of the target field during the GPR optimal survey time, and generating a digital elevation model.
[0038] S32: determining target field topography data according to the digital elevation model.
[0039] S33: based on the topography data, selecting a direction with the largest overall slope change of the ground surface as the GPR layout measurement direction, and setting multiple parallel GPR lines to cover the target field to generate a GPR layout scheme.
[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, S4 can be replaced with the following steps.
[0041] S41: selecting a drilling position in the GPR layout scheme, collecting a soil profile sample, and acquiring a salt accumulation layer reflection signal at the drilling position using the GPR parameters.
[0042] In practical applications, 3 to 5 representative drilling positions are set in a typical GPR line in the GPR layout scheme.
[0043] In practical applications, a soil profile sample is collected at the selected drilling position, and the salt content of the sample is tested.
[0044] S42: determining the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR line in the GPR layout scheme according to the salt accumulation layer reflection signal.
[0045] S43: fitting the salt accumulation layer salt content of the soil profile sample and the salt accumulation layer burial depth corresponding to the drilling position to generate a salt accumulation layer burial depth-salt content relationship.
[0046] S44: determining the salt accumulation layer salt content of all measurement positions on all GPR lines according to the salt accumulation layer burial depth-salt content relationship and the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR line.
[0047] S45: determining a visualization model according to the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR line and the salt accumulation layer salt content of all measurement positions.
[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, S42 can be replaced with the following steps.
[0049] S421: collecting a first GPR signal based on the common offset method, and extracting a first salt accumulation layer reflection signal and a propagation time corresponding to the first GPR signal.
[0050] S422: collecting a second GPR signal based on the wide-angle reflection refraction method fitting model, extracting a second salt accumulation layer reflection signal corresponding to the second GPR signal, and fitting an average wave velocity according to the second salt accumulation layer reflection signal.
[0051] S423: calculating the buried depth of the salt accumulation layer in each GPR survey line in the GPR wiring scheme according to the average wave velocity and the propagation time corresponding to the first salt accumulation layer reflection signal.
[0052] In practical applications, the first GPR signal is collected along the determined GPR survey line by using the common offset method to obtain the propagation time corresponding to the first salt accumulation layer reflection signal, and the average wave velocity is fitted by using the wide-angle reflection refraction method test at both ends of each GPR survey line, and the buried depth of the salt accumulation layer is calculated based on the signal propagation time.
[0053] In practical applications, the collected GPR signal (i.e. the original GPR time domain signal) is subjected to low frequency noise reduction processing to extract the accurate salt accumulation layer reflection signal and propagation time; the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity of the target field is obtained by using the wide-angle reflection refraction method, and the buried depth of the salt accumulation layer is calculated by combining the propagation time of the reflection signal and the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity.
[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, S423 can be replaced by the following steps.
[0055] The propagation time of the corresponding first salt accumulation layer reflection signal in the first GPR signal measured by using the common offset method is combined with the average wave velocity to calculate the buried depth of the salt accumulation layer. The buried depth of the salt accumulation layer is calculated; wherein d is the buried depth of the salt accumulation layer; t CO is the reflection time of the salt accumulation layer reflection signal obtained by the common offset method; v is the average wave velocity. The average wave velocity is obtained by fitting the model of the wide-angle reflection refraction method, and the model is represented as wherein the different antenna spacings (x i ) and the corresponding wide-angle reflection refraction method salt accumulation layer reflection signal propagation times (t i ) are fitting variables; the theoretical propagation time of the salt accumulation layer reflection signal at the antenna zero spacing (t0) and the average velocity (v) are fitting parameters.
[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, S45 can be replaced by the following steps.
[0057] The salt accumulation layer buried depth and the salt content are spatially reconstructed by using the smoothing filtering and three-dimensional linear interpolation method to determine the reconstructed model; the reconstructed model only shows the salt accumulation layer buried depth;
[0058] The salt content of the salt accumulation layer is superimposed on the reconstructed model as a soil attribute layer by using the three-dimensional relief technology to generate a visual model that simultaneously displays the salt accumulation layer buried depth and the salt content.
[0059] Taking the salt accumulation layer survey of a certain field (30m x 38m) as an example:
[0060] Step one: freezing depth estimation, ground penetrating radar (GPR) parameter determination, and survey time determination: Through the collected data, it is known that the target field block salt accumulation layer thickness is about 1.0 m. After collecting the parameters of the target field block, it is calculated that the corresponding freezing depth of the target field block in the middle of January is 0.55-0.65 m, so the survey date is determined to be in the middle of January. According to the burial depth of the salt accumulation layer and the best survey time, a 400 MHz GPR antenna is selected for the test, the survey time window is selected to be 50 ns, and the sampling interval is set to 0.025 m.
[0061] Step two: ground elevation acquisition, GPR survey wiring design, and drilling sampling: a high-precision terrain survey of the target field block is performed using a drone, and a digital elevation model is generated, as shown in FIG. 2. Figure 2 It is found that the overall terrain of the target field block slopes northward, so the north-south direction is selected as the GPR survey line setting direction. A total of 20 parallel survey lines are set in the test, with a survey line spacing of 2 m. Further, three drilling points are selected on the sixth typical survey line, located at the 6 m, 17 m, and 24 m positions of the survey line, and the salt content of the salt accumulation layer is obtained through indoor measurement.
[0062] Step three: ground penetrating radar data acquisition: GPR signals are collected along the preset survey lines in step two using the common offset method, as shown in FIG. 3. Figure 3
[0063] Step four: signal preprocessing and salt accumulation layer burial depth calculation: after noise reduction processing of the original GPR signal, the average electromagnetic wave propagation speed of the target field block is obtained through wide-angle reflection refraction method data fitting, which is 0.115 m / ns. The salt accumulation layer reflection signal propagation time is extracted from the common offset method data, and the salt accumulation layer burial depth is calculated by combining the electromagnetic wave propagation speed.
[0064] Step five, obtaining the salt content of the salt accumulation layer based on data fusion: the soil salt content obtained in step four is taken as the feature vector of the three-dimensional distribution of the salt accumulation layer, and the corresponding salt accumulation layer burial depth data is taken as the corresponding feature in the salt accumulation layer data set for data fusion. The salt content of the salt accumulation layer is generalized in a linear relationship, and the salt content of the salt accumulation layer with the same data structure as the salt accumulation layer burial depth data structure in the target field block is obtained using the correlation.
[0065] Step six, three-dimensional construction of the salt accumulation layer: the salt accumulation layer burial depth is reconstructed using smoothing filtering and three-dimensional linear interpolation methods. Finally, the salt content information of the salt accumulation layer is superimposed on the three-dimensional salt accumulation layer burial depth as a soil attribute layer through three-dimensional relief technology, forming a three-dimensional salt accumulation layer shape visualization model, as shown in FIG. 4. Figure 4
[0066] The application innovatively uses the seasonal soil freezing condition of irrigation area for ground penetrating radar detection, breaks through the problem that the GPR electromagnetic wave cannot identify the salt accumulation layer of the salinized farmland soil under the conventional non-frozen condition due to rapid attenuation, and superimposes the soil salt accumulation layer properties and the drilling information on the surface elevation data obtained by the unmanned aerial vehicle through the three-dimensional relief technology to realize the accurate acquisition and comprehensive display of the spatial distribution information of the salt accumulation layer burial depth and salt content.
[0067] Specifically, it comprises the following steps: step A, freezing depth estimation and surveying time determination: according to the surface temperature data of the target field and the seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model, the soil freezing depth is estimated, and the appropriate date is selected as the surveying time.
[0068] Step B, surface elevation acquisition, GPR surveying wiring design and drilling planning: high-precision digital elevation model is obtained by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, the ground penetrating GPR wiring direction is set as the surface slope direction, and 3-5 representative drillings are selected on the surveying line.
[0069] Step C, ground penetrating GPR parameter setting and data acquisition: the appropriate center frequency and time window are selected for the ground penetrating radar, the common offset method is used to collect the salt accumulation layer reflection signal along the surveying line, and the wide-angle reflection refraction method test is carried out at both ends of the surveying line. Further, the drilling samples are collected at the selected positions in step B.
[0070] Step D, signal processing, salt accumulation layer burial depth calculation and drilling sample indoor test: the original salt accumulation layer reflection signal is denoised, and the signal propagation velocity is obtained by the wide-angle reflection refraction method test in step C. The Hilbert transform is carried out on the data obtained by the common offset method to obtain the envelope line, the propagation time corresponding to the envelope line peak value of the salt accumulation layer reflection signal is extracted, and the depth is calculated by the salt accumulation layer signal propagation time. At the same time, the salt content is tested in the laboratory by using the drilling profile samples obtained in step C.
[0071] Step E, obtaining salt accumulation layer salt content data based on data fusion: the soil salt content data obtained in step D is used as the feature vector of the three-dimensional distribution of the salt accumulation layer, the salt accumulation layer burial depth data of the corresponding position is used as the corresponding feature in the salt accumulation layer data set, the data is fused, the salt accumulation layer salt content data is extended in a linear relationship, and the salt accumulation layer salt content data with the same structure as the salt accumulation layer burial depth data in the target field is obtained by using the correlation.
[0072] Step F, three-dimensional construction of salt accumulation layer: the salt accumulation layer burial depth and salt content data are reconstructed in space by using the smoothing filter and three-dimensional linear interpolation method. Further, the salt accumulation layer salt content is superimposed on the salt accumulation layer burial depth information as a soil attribute layer by the three-dimensional relief technology.
[0073] Any technical features in the above embodiments can be combined, and for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations are described above, however, it should be understood that the application encompasses all possible combinations of the technical features unless such a combination is not technically possible.
[0074] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described herein by using specific examples, and the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application scopes will be changed by those skilled in the art. In conclusion, the content of the present specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for surveying the characteristics of a salt accumulation layer of an irrigation field soil, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The surface temperature data, average soil moisture content and soil bulk density of the target field plot are input into a seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model to output a freezing depth change curve; According to the freezing depth change curve, the maximum freezing depth period of the irrigation area soil is selected as the GPR optimal survey time of the GPR, and the GPR parameters are determined in combination with the average depth of the salt accumulation layer in the region where the target field plot is located; The terrain of the target field plot is surveyed by using a UAV within the GPR optimal survey time, and a GPR wiring scheme is determined according to the terrain data; Based on the GPR parameters and the wiring scheme, the target field plot is surveyed for the characteristics of the salt accumulation layer by using the GPR, and a visualization model is determined, specifically comprising: In the GPR wiring scheme, the drilling position is selected, the soil profile sample is collected, and the salt accumulation layer reflection signal is obtained at the drilling position by using the GPR parameters; According to the salt accumulation layer reflection signal, the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR survey line in the GPR wiring scheme is determined, specifically comprising: Based on the common offset method, the first GPR signal is collected, and the first salt accumulation layer reflection signal and the propagation time corresponding to the first GPR signal are extracted; Based on the wide-angle reflection refraction method fitting model, the second GPR signal is collected, the second salt accumulation layer reflection signal corresponding to the second GPR signal is extracted, and the average wave velocity is fitted according to the second salt accumulation layer reflection signal; According to the average wave velocity and the propagation time corresponding to the first salt accumulation layer reflection signal, the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR survey line in the GPR wiring scheme is calculated, specifically comprising: According to the propagation time of the first salt accumulation layer reflection signal, combined with Calculate the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR survey line in the GPR wiring scheme; wherein, d The salt accumulation layer burial depth is; t CO The propagation time of the first salt accumulation layer reflection signal is; v The average wave velocity is obtained by fitting the wide-angle reflection refraction method model, and the wide-angle reflection refraction method model is Wherein, different antenna spacings x i And the corresponding propagation time of the salt accumulation layer reflection signal t i The fitting variable is; when the antenna zero spacing, the theoretical propagation time of the salt accumulation layer reflection signal t 0 and the average wave velocity v The fitting parameter is; The salt content of the salt accumulation layer of the soil profile sample and the salt accumulation layer burial depth corresponding to the drilling position are fitted to generate a salt accumulation layer burial depth-salt content relationship model; According to the salt accumulation layer burial depth-salt content relationship model and the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR survey line, the salt content of all measurement positions on all GPR survey lines is determined; According to the salt accumulation layer burial depth of each GPR survey line and the salt content of all measurement positions, a visualization model is constructed; the visualization model is used to display the characteristics of the salt accumulation layer; the characteristics of the salt accumulation layer include the salt accumulation layer burial depth and the salt content of the salt accumulation layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The surface temperature data, average soil moisture content and soil bulk density of the target field plot are input into a seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model to output a freezing depth change curve, specifically comprising: Real-time monitoring of daily average temperature data, cumulative calculation of freezing index F , combined with soil volume latent heat Q L , using seasonal frozen soil area soil freezing depth prediction model, calculate freezing depth curve d f ; wherein, , T i The surface temperature data is the daily average temperature of the daily average temperature below zero; , L The freezing latent heat of water, The average soil moisture content is, The soil bulk density is; , k The soil thermal conductivity is; The freezing depth change curve is determined according to the soil freezing depth.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The terrain of the target field plot is surveyed by using a UAV within the GPR optimal survey time, and a GPR wiring scheme is determined according to the terrain data, specifically comprising: The terrain of the target field plot is surveyed by using a UAV within the GPR optimal survey time, and a digital elevation model is generated; The terrain data is determined according to the digital elevation model; Based on the terrain data, the direction with the largest overall ground surface slope change is selected as the GPR survey line measurement direction, and multiple parallel GPR survey lines are set to cover the target field plot to generate a GPR wiring scheme.