Gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for preventing icing and preparation method of gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission, and relates to an anti-icing micro-nano gradient modified high-voltage wire and a preparation method thereof. The power transmission line comprises a power transmission line and a nano-scale modification layer wrapping the surface of the power transmission line, and the power transmission line is formed by twisting a plurality of metal monofilaments with micron-scale structures on the surfaces; the metal monofilament has a circular cross section, a square cross section or a special-shaped cross section; the preparation method of the metal monofilament surface micron size structure comprises the steps of sand blasting, anodic oxidation or wiredrawing nanoimprint; the micron-sized structure comprises a frame and micropores enclosed by the frame, the micropores are inverted pyramid-shaped, honeycomb-shaped, inverted cone-shaped or triangular pyramid-shaped, the range of an included angle between the frame and the metal monofilament is 110-130 degrees, the ratio of the surface area of the micropores to the total surface area of the metal monofilament is greater than 90%, and the length and the width of the micropores are between 5-800 microns. The maintenance frequency can be reduced, the microstructure is protected, the service life of the microstructure is prolonged, and meanwhile the super-hydrophobic, super-oleophobic, anti-ice, anti-freezing rain, anti-rime and anti-dirt-accumulation functions are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission, and in particular relates to a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for anti-icing and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global electricity demand and extreme changes in climate conditions, high-voltage conductors in power systems are facing increasingly severe challenges. Traditional high-voltage conductors are prone to icing under severe weather conditions such as ice, snow, and freezing rain, which increases the stress on the conductors and even causes conductor breakage and tower damage, seriously affecting the stability and safety of power transmission. Therefore, how to effectively solve the anti-icing problem of high-voltage conductors and improve their reliability in extreme weather has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the power industry.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology and surface engineering, anti-icing coatings have been proposed as an effective means to improve the anti-icing performance of high-voltage conductors. By coating anti-icing coatings on the surface of high-voltage conductors, the adhesion of water droplets, ice and snow, and freezing rain can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the burden of ice and snow on the conductors. For example, the invention patents with application numbers CN201510802341.5, CN201510790603.0, and CN202010446433.5 have announced anti-icing coating component systems suitable for transmission conductors. However, although the application of coating technology helps to improve the anti-icing performance of conductors, there are three urgent problems to be solved in the use of anti-icing coatings. First, anti-icing coatings are currently applied manually or by machine at high altitudes, with low coating efficiency and difficulty in ensuring the consistency of coating effects; second, the weather resistance of the coating is insufficient, and cracking and failure will occur after long-term operation, and the anti-icing effect will be lost; third, the bonding force between the coating and the conductor is insufficient, and the coating is easy to fall off under the influence of wind and sand.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes to use surface modification technology during the conductor manufacturing process to give the high-voltage conductor intrinsic anti-icing performance, and the surface modification layer with good weather resistance has excellent bonding strength with the conductor substrate, thereby overcoming the above three major technical difficulties faced by anti-icing coatings in their applications. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for anti-icing and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A micro-nano gradient modified high-voltage wire for ice prevention, comprising a transmission wire and a nanoscale modification layer wrapped and arranged on the surface of the transmission wire, wherein the transmission wire is formed by twisting a plurality of metal monofilaments with micron-sized structures on the surface; The metal monofilament has a circular cross section, a square cross section or a special-shaped cross section, and the special-shaped cross section includes a trapezoidal cross section and a Z-shaped cross section; the method for preparing the micron-sized structure on the surface of the metal monofilament includes sandblasting, anodizing, and wire drawing nano-imprinting; The micron-sized structure is composed of interconnected frames and micropores surrounded by the frames, the micropores include inverted pyramids, honeycombs, inverted cones or triangular pyramids, the angle between the frame and the metal monofilament is in the range of 110°-130°, the surface area of ​​the micropores accounts for more than 90% of the overall surface area of ​​the metal monofilament, and the length and width of the micropores are both between 5-800 μm; The micropores in the micron-sized structure are used as storage points to provide modification potential for the nano-sized modification layer. The interconnected frames in the micron-sized structure provide the transmission wire with the ability to resist friction, ensuring that the nano-sized modification layer is not damaged when the transmission wire is worn. The nano-sized modification layer ensures that the transmission wire reduces the weight of ice coating and reduces the bonding force between the ice coating and the wire.

[0007] Furthermore, the nanoscale modified layer is coated on the periphery of the transmission wire, and the micron-sized structure is used to form a plurality of mechanical interlocking points between the metal monofilament and the nanoscale modified layer to increase the bonding force between the nanoscale modified layer and the transmission wire, the wear resistance of the nanoscale modified layer, and the anti-icing property of the high-voltage wire.

[0008] Furthermore, the transmission wire is one of aluminum stranded wire, copper stranded wire, aluminum alloy stranded wire, aluminum clad steel stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or steel stranded wire; the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer coated on the surface of the transmission wire is 100nm~300μm; the nanoscale modification layer is formed by coating a nanoscale modification layer dispersion on the transmission wire.

[0009] Furthermore, the nanoscale modification layer dispersion includes nanoparticles, organic matter and solvent; wherein the nanoparticles include silicon oxide or titanium oxide; the organic matter includes fluoride, polyurethane or PMMA; and the solvent includes isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, n-butanol or isobutanol.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the nanoparticles, organic matter, and solvent is (5-10): (1-5): (85-95); and the concentration of the isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, n-butanol, or isobutanol solvent is greater than 99.5%.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle size of the nanoparticles is 1 nm to 200 nm; the nanoscale modification layer dispersion liquid also contains carbon nanotubes, the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 1 nm to 200 nm, and the length is 1 μm to 2 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the low surface energy concentration in the nanoscale modification layer dispersion is in a range of 2 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL, and the low surface energy substances in the nanoscale modification layer dispersion are obtained from the organic matter and the nanoparticles.

[0013] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor for anti-icing, comprising the above-mentioned gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor for anti-icing, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of microstructured metal monofilaments by sandblasting, anodizing or wire drawing nanoimprinting; S2, twisting a plurality of the microstructured metal monofilaments to prepare a transmission conductor; S3. Clean and dry the transmission wires; S4, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion; S5, uniformly coating the nanoscale modified layer dispersion onto the surface of the transmission wire to obtain a multi-level hierarchical microstructure high-voltage wire; S6, drying and curing the coated nanoscale modified layer.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, the preparation step of the nanoscale modified layer dispersion comprises: Step S41, pouring the organic matter and the nanoparticles into the solvent in proportion while stirring, wherein the mass ratio of the nanoparticles, the organic matter, and the solvent is (5-10): (1-5): (85-95), and the stirring speed is less than 100 rpm; Step S42, treating the mixed solution obtained in step S41 by ultrasonic dispersion or high-speed stirring dispersion; the mixed solution is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion at 20KHz×30min; the mixed solution is subjected to high-speed stirring at 2000-2500 rpm×30min, thereby preparing the nanoscale modification layer dispersion; Step S43, removing the larger particle agglomerates in the nanoscale modification layer dispersion obtained in step S42 by centrifuging or filtering to obtain a uniform and stable nanoscale modification layer dispersion.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5, the method of coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion onto the transmission wire includes spraying, dipping or brushing. The specific steps of the spraying method include: S51, setting the nozzle translation speed of the spray gun to 50-500 mm / s and the nozzle temperature to 20-200°C; S52, starting a spraying device to evenly spray the nanoscale modification layer dispersion onto the surface of the transmission wire; S53, cooling and curing the high-voltage wire after being evenly sprayed, with a cooling time of 5 to 100 seconds.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for ice prevention and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) By using a micron-sized structure on the surface of the transmission line, the adhesion and wear resistance of the nanoscale modified layer are significantly enhanced. The micron-sized structure enhances the stability of the coating, avoids the problem of coating shedding or wear caused by insufficient adhesion, significantly reduces the maintenance and replacement frequency, and reduces the subsequent maintenance costs.

[0017] (2) The design of a micron-sized structure combined with a nanoscale modification layer enables high-voltage conductors to have multiple functions such as super-hydrophobicity, super-oleophobicity, anti-icing, anti-freezing rain, anti-rime, anti-fouling and self-cleaning. These functions enable the conductors to demonstrate excellent protection capabilities under harsh environmental conditions, thereby effectively preventing the adhesion and accumulation of water droplets, ice and snow, rainwater, etc., reducing the burden on the conductors and ensuring the stability and safety of the transmission system in severe weather.

[0018] (3) The present invention combines wire drawing nanoimprinting technology and nanoscale modification layer technology, which can not only improve the anti-icing performance of high-voltage wires, but also has low cost and high production efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. Compared with the traditional micron-sized structure preparation method, the preparation process of the present invention is simple, low cost, and high production efficiency, which can meet the needs of industrial application and further promote the widespread application of nanoscale modification layer technology in the field of power transmission.

[0019] (4) The technical solution provided by the present invention can greatly improve the operational reliability of high-voltage wires in extreme weather conditions. Through the synergistic effect of the micron-sized structure and the coating, the wires can maintain good power transmission performance in harsh environments such as high humidity, low temperature, and high wind speed, reduce wire failures caused by factors such as icing, and improve the overall stability of power transmission. This technology provides effective technical support for the safe and stable operation of high-voltage transmission lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for anti-icing according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for anti-icing according to the present invention.

[0023] The attached figures indicate: 1: metal monofilament, 2: transmission line, 3: nanoscale modified layer, 4: gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for anti-icing, 5: nanoscale modified layer dispersion, 6: nano-hydrophobic particles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing and a preparation method thereof.

[0026] One of the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wires 4 includes a transmission wire 2 and a nanoscale modified layer 3 wrapped around the surface of the transmission wire 2. The transmission wire 2 is formed by twisting a plurality of metal monofilaments 1 with micron-sized structures on the surface.

[0027] The metal monofilament has a circular cross section, a square cross section or a special cross section, and the special cross section includes a trapezoidal cross section, a Z-shaped cross section and other special cross sections. The method for preparing the metal monofilament with a micron-sized structure on the surface includes sandblasting, anodizing or wire drawing nanoimprinting. In the present application, the metal monofilament can be finely processed by one of the processes of sandblasting, anodizing and wire drawing nanoimprinting to prepare the metal monofilament with a micron-sized structure on the surface. The metal monofilament can be prepared by drawing, electrodeposition, melt spinning or chemical vapor deposition.

[0028] When sandblasting is used to prepare metal monofilaments with micron-sized structures on the surface, the specific working process is as follows: Sandblasting the metal monofilament - selecting abrasive particles, including aluminum oxide or silicon carbide; setting the parameters of the sandblasting equipment, including the blasting pressure, blasting angle, and blasting distance; fixing the metal monofilament on the workbench of the sandblasting equipment; starting the sandblasting process so that the abrasive particles hit the surface of the metal monofilament at high speed to form micron-sized structures; Cleaning and inspection - Use ultrasonic cleaning or high-pressure water gun to clean the surface of the metal monofilament to remove residual abrasive particles; use a display mirror to check the micron-sized structure on the surface of the metal monofilament to ensure that the expected effect is achieved.

[0029] When a metal monofilament with a micron-sized structure on the surface is prepared by anodizing, the specific working process is as follows (when using this method, the metal monofilament material used is aluminum or its alloy): Pre-treatment: clean the surface of the metal monofilament to remove impurities such as grease, dust, etc.; polish or sandblast to obtain a more uniform surface; Anodizing: placing the metal monofilament as an anode in an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte includes sulfuric acid, chromic acid or oxalic acid; setting electrolysis parameters, including current density, voltage and electrolysis time; starting anodizing to form an oxide film on the metal surface to form a micron-sized structure; Post-treatment: Use deionized water to clean the surface of the metal monofilament to remove residual electrolyte; use a microscope to check the micron-sized structure on the surface of the metal monofilament to ensure that the expected effect is achieved.

[0030] In this embodiment, a wire drawing nanoimprinting method is used to achieve further processing of the metal monofilament, and the main implementation steps are described below.

[0031] In addition, the micron-sized structure is composed of interconnected frames and micropores surrounded by the frames, and the micropores include inverted pyramids, honeycombs, inverted cones or triangular pyramids. The angle between the frame and the metal monofilament ranges from 110° to 130°, the surface area of ​​the micropores accounts for more than 90% of the total surface area of ​​the metal monofilament, and the length and width of the micropores are both between 5 and 800 μm.

[0032] The micropores in the micron-sized structure are used as storage points to provide modification potential for the nano-sized modification layer. The interconnected frames in the micron-sized structure provide friction for the transmission wire, ensuring that the nano-sized modification layer is not damaged when the transmission wire is worn. The nano-sized modification layer ensures that the transmission wire reduces the weight of ice and reduces the bonding force between the ice and the wire.

[0033] The nanoscale modified layer 3 is coated on the outer periphery of the power transmission wire 2. The micron-sized structure is used to form multiple mechanical interlocking points between the metal monofilament 1 and the nanoscale modified layer 3 to increase the bonding force between the nanoscale modified layer 3 and the power transmission wire 2, the wear resistance of the nanoscale modified layer 3, and the anti-icing property of the high-voltage wire.

[0034] Specifically, the micron-sized structure serves to improve the bonding force and wear resistance of the nanoscale modified layer 3. The transmission conductor 2 prepared by the microstructured metal monofilament 1 strand prepared by wire drawing nanoimprinting is one of aluminum stranded wire, copper stranded wire, aluminum alloy stranded wire, aluminum clad steel stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or steel stranded wire.

[0035] The cross-sectional size of the transmission wire 2 ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm. The thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 coated on the surface of the transmission wire 2 ranges from 100 nm to 300 μm. The nanoscale modification layer 3 is formed by coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 on the transmission wire 2 .

[0036] In addition, the nanometer-scale modified layer dispersion 5 comprises nanometer particles, organic matter and solvent. The nanometer particles comprise silicon oxide or titanium oxide. The organic matter comprises fluoride, polyurethane or PMMA. The solvent comprises isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, n-butanol or isobutanol.

[0037] The mass ratio of nanoparticles, organic matter and solvent is (5-10): (1-5): (85-95); the concentration of isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, n-butanol or isobutanol solvent is greater than 99.5%. The particle size of the nanoparticles is 1nm-200nm; the nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5 also contains carbon nanotubes, the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 1nm-200nm, and the length is 1μm-2mm.

[0038] The low surface energy concentration range of the nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5 is between 2 mg / mL and 20 mg / mL, and the low surface energy substances in the nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5 are obtained from organic matter and nanoparticles. In this embodiment, the concentration range of the low surface energy substances can be determined by the following methods: surface tension method, contact angle measurement method and chromatography.

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing, including the above-mentioned gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor for anti-icing, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing microstructured metal monofilament 1 by sandblasting, anodizing or wire drawing nanoimprinting method; S2, preparing a power transmission wire 2 by twisting a plurality of the microstructured metal monofilaments 1; S3, cleaning and drying the transmission wire 2; S4, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5; S5, uniformly coating the nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5 on the surface of the transmission wire 2 to obtain a multi-level hierarchical microstructure high-voltage wire; S6, drying and curing the coated nanoscale modified layer 3.

[0040] It should be noted that the microstructured metal monofilaments mentioned above are metal monofilaments with micrometer-sized structures on the surface.

[0041] In step S1, the steps of preparing the microstructured metal monofilament 1 by wire drawing nanoimprinting technology are as follows: designing a mold, and according to the design of the required microstructure, using electron beam lithography (EBL) or other high-precision lithography technology to make the required microstructure pattern on the mold material (such as silicon, silicon dioxide or polydimethylsiloxane); mold treatment, hydrophobic treatment of the mold surface to ensure that the mold and the metal material are easy to separate during the imprinting process; selecting a metal material suitable for wire drawing and imprinting, cleaning and pre-treating the metal material to remove surface impurities and oxide layers; coating a layer of imprinting glue on the surface of the metal material, imprinting the mold onto the imprinting glue on the surface of the metal material, and applying a certain pressure and temperature to make the imprinting glue fill the microstructure pattern of the mold; curing the imprinting glue by ultraviolet irradiation or other methods to form a microstructure consistent with the mold pattern; gently peeling the mold from the surface of the metal material to ensure that the microstructure is completely transferred to the surface of the metal material; wire drawing the metal material with the microstructure to form a metal monofilament 1 with a microstructure by gradually reducing the diameter of the metal material.

[0042] In step S4, the preparation steps of the nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5 include: Step S41, pouring organic matter and nanoparticles into a solvent in proportion while stirring, the mass ratio of nanoparticles, organic matter, and solvent is (5-10): (1-5): (85-95), and the stirring speed is less than 100 rpm.

[0043] Step S42, treating the mixed solution obtained in step S41 by ultrasonic dispersion or high-speed stirring dispersion; the mixed solution is ultrasonically dispersed at 20KHz×30min; the mixed solution is high-speed stirred at 2000-2500 rpm×30min, thereby preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5.

[0044] Step S43, removing the larger particle agglomerates in the nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5 obtained in step S42 by centrifuging or filtering to obtain a uniform and stable nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5.

[0045] In step S5, the method of coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 onto the transmission wire 2 includes spraying, dipping or brushing. The specific steps of the spraying method include: S51, setting the nozzle translation speed of the spray gun to 50-500 mm / s and the nozzle temperature to 20-200°C; S52, starting the spraying equipment, and spraying the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 evenly onto the surface of the transmission wire 2 through the spray gun nozzle of the spraying equipment; S53, cooling and curing the high-voltage wire after being evenly sprayed, with a cooling time of 5 to 100 seconds.

[0046] In the present application, from the perspective of microstructure design, the nanoscale modification layer 3 has a micro-nano composite structure, that is, nano-scale particles are further covered on the micron-level rough structure. This structure can significantly increase the roughness of the surface, thereby enhancing the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity; in addition, because the transmission wire 2 in the present application itself is prepared by multiple wire drawing nano-imprinting, a microstructured metal wire is formed. This microstructure is combined with the nano coating to further enhance the surface roughness and hydrophobicity. From the perspective of chemical cost, the nanoparticles in the present application have an extremely high specific surface area, which can effectively reduce the surface energy, so that the coating surface is not easily wetted by water or oil; organic matter is a low surface energy compound, so it can also further reduce the surface energy and enhance the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity; and the solvent helps the nanoparticles and organic matter to be evenly dispersed to form a uniform coating, so that after the coating is dried, the solvent evaporates, leaving a stable nanostructure. And the low surface energy of the coating described in this application combined with the micro-nano composite structure can produce a "lotus effect", that is, water droplets form spheres on the surface, which are easy to roll off, taking away dust and dirt on the surface, and achieving a self-cleaning effect. Example 2 This embodiment is an explanation of an embodiment of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing based on the embodiment 1.

[0047] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm by a wire drawing nanoimprinting method, wherein the micropores of the micron-sized structure covered on the surface of the aluminum monofilament are V-shaped with a period of 200 μm; Step S2, twisting the obtained microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm to obtain a round steel core aluminum wire with a wire diameter of 33.75 mm; Step S3, preparing a nano-scale modified layer dispersion 5, the composition of which includes modified nano-silicon dioxide, acrylate, titanium dioxide, epoxy resin, additives and n-butyl acetate, wherein the particle size of the modified nano-silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm; Step S4, the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 is applied to the surface of the transmission wire 2 by spraying to obtain the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4, the spraying parameters are: nozzle size 1-1.3mm, spraying pressure above 0.5MPa, spraying distance 15-20cm, spraying 2 times, the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 is 100μm. The cross-sectional view of the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4 is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0048] Example 3 This embodiment is an explanation of an embodiment of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing based on the embodiment 1.

[0049] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm by a wire drawing nanoimprinting method, wherein the micropores of the micron-sized structure covered on the surface of the aluminum monofilament are in a trapezoidal shape with a period of 500 μm; Step S2, twisting the obtained microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm to obtain a round steel core aluminum wire with a wire diameter of 33.75 mm; Step S3, preparing a nano-scale modified layer dispersion 5, the components of which include modified nano-silicon dioxide, acrylate, titanium dioxide, epoxy resin, additives and n-butyl acetate, wherein the particle size of the modified nano-silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm; Step S4, coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 onto the surface of the transmission wire 2 by dip coating to obtain the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4, the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 is 50 μm.

[0050] Example 4 This embodiment is an explanation of an embodiment of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing based on the embodiment 1.

[0051] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm by a wire drawing nanoimprinting method, wherein the micropores of the micron-sized structure covered on the surface of the aluminum monofilament are arc-shaped with a period of 200 μm; Step S2, twisting the obtained microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm to obtain a round steel core aluminum wire with a wire diameter of 33.75 mm; Step S3, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5, whose ingredients include nano silicon dioxide, nano aluminum oxide, nano titanium dioxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, adhesives, surface additives and ethanol, wherein the particle size of nano silicon dioxide is 10 to 100 nm, the particle size of nano aluminum oxide is 10 to 150 nm, the particle size of nano titanium dioxide is 10 to 100 nm, the diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 100 nm, and the diameter is 10 μm; Step S4, coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 onto the surface of the transmission wire 2 by spraying to obtain a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4 for anti-icing, the spraying parameters are: nozzle size 1-1.3mm, spraying pressure above 0.5MPa, spraying distance 15-20cm, spraying 2 times, and the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 is 75μm.

[0052] Example 5 This embodiment is an explanation of an embodiment of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing based on the embodiment 1.

[0053] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm by a wire drawing nanoimprinting method, wherein the micropores of the micron-sized structure covered on the surface of the aluminum monofilament are V-shaped with a period of 300 μm; Step S2, twisting the obtained microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm to obtain a round steel core aluminum wire with a wire diameter of 33.75 mm; Step S3, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5, whose ingredients include nano silicon dioxide, nano aluminum oxide, nano titanium dioxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, adhesives, surface additives and ethanol, wherein the particle size of nano silicon dioxide is 10 to 100 nm, the particle size of nano aluminum oxide is 10 to 150 nm, the particle size of nano titanium dioxide is 10 to 100 nm, the diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 100 nm, and the diameter is 10 μm; Step S4, applying the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 to the surface of the transmission wire 2 by brush coating to obtain the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4, the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 is 200 μm.

[0054] Example 6 This embodiment is an explanation of an embodiment of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing based on the embodiment 1.

[0055] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm by a wire drawing nanoimprinting method, wherein the micropores of the micron-sized structure covered on the surface of the aluminum monofilament are in a trapezoidal shape with a period of 500 μm; Step S2, twisting the obtained microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 4.22 mm to obtain a round steel core aluminum wire with a wire diameter of 33.75 mm; Step S3, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5, the components of which include hydrophobic nano-silicon dioxide, hydrophobic glass fiber, epoxy resin, curing agent and ethyl acetate, wherein the particle size of the modified nano-silicon dioxide is 15 to 30 nm; Step S4, coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 onto the surface of the transmission wire 2 by spraying to obtain a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4 for anti-icing, the spraying parameters are: nozzle size 1-1.3mm, spraying pressure above 0.5MPa, spraying distance 15-20cm, spraying 2 times, and the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 is 50μm.

[0056] Example 7 This embodiment is an explanation of an embodiment of a method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing based on the embodiment 1.

[0057] A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor 4 for anti-icing comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 2.47 mm by a wire drawing nanoimprinting method, wherein the micropores of the micron-sized structure covered on the surface of the aluminum monofilament are V-shaped with a period of 100 μm; Step S2, twisting the obtained microstructured aluminum monofilament with a wire diameter of 2.47 mm to obtain a round steel core aluminum wire with a wire diameter of 13.4 mm; Step S3, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion 5, the components of which include hydrophobic nano-silicon dioxide, hydrophobic glass fiber, epoxy resin, curing agent and ethyl acetate, wherein the particle size of the modified nano-silicon dioxide is 15 to 30 nm; Step S4, coating the nanoscale modification layer dispersion 5 onto the surface of the transmission wire 2 by spraying to obtain a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire 4 for anti-icing, the spraying parameters are: nozzle size 1-1.3mm, spraying pressure above 0.5MPa, spraying distance 15-20cm, spraying 2 times, and the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer 3 is 50μm.

[0058] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to them. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A micro-nano gradient modified high-voltage conductor for ice prevention, characterized in that: It comprises a power transmission wire and a nanometer-scale modification layer wrapped on the surface of the power transmission wire, wherein the power transmission wire is formed by twisting a plurality of metal monofilaments having micrometer-sized structures on the surface; The metal monofilament has a circular cross section, a square cross section or a special-shaped cross section, and the special-shaped cross section includes a trapezoidal cross section and a Z-shaped cross section; the method for preparing the micron-sized structure on the surface of the metal monofilament includes sandblasting, anodizing or wire drawing nanoimprinting; The micron-sized structure is composed of interconnected frames and micropores surrounded by the frames, the micropores include inverted pyramids, honeycombs, inverted cones or triangular pyramids, the angle between the frame and the metal monofilament is in the range of 110°-130°, the surface area of ​​the micropores accounts for more than 90% of the overall surface area of ​​the metal monofilament, and the length and width of the micropores are both between 5-800 μm; The micropores in the micron-sized structure are used as storage points to provide modification potential for the nano-sized modification layer, and the interconnected frameworks in the micron-sized structure provide the transmission wire with the ability to resist friction, ensuring that the nano-sized modification layer is not damaged when the transmission wire is worn; The nano-sized modification layer ensures that the transmission wire reduces the weight of ice coating and reduces the bonding force between the ice coating and the wire.

2. The anti-icing micro-nano gradient modified high-voltage conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nanoscale modified layer is coated on the periphery of the power transmission wire, and the micron-sized structure is used to form a plurality of mechanical interlocking points between the metal monofilament and the nanoscale modified layer to increase the bonding force between the nanoscale modified layer and the power transmission wire, the wear resistance of the nanoscale modified layer, and the anti-icing property of the high-voltage wire.

3. According to the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: The transmission wire is one of aluminum stranded wire, copper stranded wire, aluminum alloy stranded wire, aluminum clad steel stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or steel stranded wire; the thickness of the nanoscale modification layer coated on the surface of the transmission wire is 100nm to 300μm; the nanoscale modification layer is formed by coating a nanoscale modification layer dispersion on the transmission wire.

4. The anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nanoscale modification layer dispersion comprises nanoparticles, organic matter and solvent; wherein the nanoparticles comprise silicon oxide or titanium oxide; the organic matter comprises fluoride, polyurethane or PMMA; and the solvent comprises isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, n-butanol or isobutanol.

5. The anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the nanoparticles, organic matter and solvent is (5-10): (1-5): (85-95); the concentration of the isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, n-butanol or isobutanol solvent is greater than 99.5%.

6. A gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for ice protection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the nanoparticles is 1nm-200nm; the nanoscale modified layer dispersion liquid also contains carbon nanotubes, the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 1nm-200nm, and the length is 1μm-2mm.

7. According to the anti-icing gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: The low surface energy concentration in the nanoscale modification layer dispersion is in a range of 2 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL, and the low surface energy substances in the nanoscale modification layer dispersion are obtained from the organic matter and the nanoparticles.

8. A method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor for anti-icing, comprising a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage conductor for anti-icing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, preparation of microstructured metal monofilaments by sandblasting, anodizing or wire drawing nanoimprinting; S2, twisting a plurality of the microstructured metal monofilaments to prepare a transmission conductor; S3. Clean and dry the transmission wires; S4, preparing a nanoscale modified layer dispersion; S5, uniformly coating the nanoscale modified layer dispersion onto the surface of the transmission wire to obtain a multi-level hierarchical microstructure high-voltage wire; S6, drying and curing the coated nanoscale modified layer.

9. The method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for ice protection according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, the preparation steps of the nanoscale modified layer dispersion liquid include: Step S41, pouring the organic matter and the nanoparticles into the solvent in proportion while stirring, wherein the mass ratio of the nanoparticles, the organic matter, and the solvent is (5-10): (1-5): (85-95), and the stirring speed is less than 100 rpm; Step S42, treating the mixed solution obtained in step S41 by ultrasonic dispersion or high-speed stirring dispersion; the mixed solution is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion at 20KHz×30min; the mixed solution is subjected to high-speed stirring at 2000-2500 rpm×30min, thereby preparing the nanoscale modification layer dispersion; Step S43, removing the larger particle agglomerates in the nanoscale modification layer dispersion obtained in step S42 by centrifuging or filtering to obtain a uniform and stable nanoscale modification layer dispersion.

10. The method for preparing a gradient micro-nano modified high-voltage wire for ice protection according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S5, the method of applying the nanoscale modification layer dispersion onto the power transmission wire includes spraying, dipping or brushing. The specific steps of the spraying method include: S51, setting the nozzle translation speed of the spray gun to 50-500 mm / s and the nozzle temperature to 20-200°C; S52, starting a spraying device to evenly spray the nanoscale modification layer dispersion onto the surface of the transmission wire; S53, cooling and curing the high-voltage wire after being evenly sprayed, with a cooling time of 5 to 100 seconds.

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