Method and device for decomposing battery by using high-pressure gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for decomposing an automobile battery by using high-pressure gas. The device comprises a gas generating unit, a decomposing unit, a dust falling unit and a storage bin, the gas generation unit comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank and a gas compressor which are communicated through a pipe, a gas outlet of the gas compressor is connected with a gas inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, a gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected with the decomposition unit through a pipeline, and the gas generation unit is used for generating high-pressure gas; the decomposition unit comprises pressurization treatment bins and a collection bin which are communicated, gas inlets of the pressurization treatment bins are communicated with a gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank through pipelines, the pressurization treatment bins are evenly arranged around the collection bin, and the pressurization treatment bins and the collection bin are located on the upper surface of the storage bin. By controlling injection and pressure relief of the high-pressure gas, the automobile battery is pulverized, and meanwhile, the bag-type dust collector is used for collecting generated dust, so that environmental pollution is effectively reduced. According to the invention, the energy consumption and the operation cost are reduced, and the environmental protection performance of the decomposition process is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, and in particular to a method and device for decomposing batteries using high-pressure gas. Background Art

[0002] In the current field of automobile battery recycling and treatment technology, traditional decomposition methods mainly rely on mechanical disassembly and physical separation. However, these methods have exposed many shortcomings in practical applications, such as high energy consumption, high cost, high pollution, and incomplete decomposition, which limits their widespread application in the field of automobile battery recycling.

[0003] Mechanical disassembly is a common decomposition method. Although it can separate battery components to a certain extent, the operation process is complicated and risky. Once the seal is damaged during the disassembly process, harmful substances such as heavy metals and electrolytes inside the battery can easily leak into the external environment, causing serious pollution to the soil and water, and threatening the safety of the surrounding ecosystem. In addition, the disposal of waste after mechanical disassembly also faces great challenges, and the cost of repairing the polluted environment is even higher.

[0004] Another common decomposition method is high-temperature heating decomposition. Although this method can improve the decomposition efficiency to a certain extent, it consumes a lot of energy and has extremely high requirements for equipment. Under high temperature conditions, the equipment is easily damaged, resulting in a significant increase in maintenance costs. At the same time, the high-temperature heating process may also produce harmful gases and solid waste, causing secondary pollution to the environment.

[0005] Patent CN117559026B discloses a battery material decomposition device and a waste battery recycling and processing system. The battery material decomposition device includes a decomposition body, a material conveying assembly, an ultraviolet light source assembly, an ozone generator and a heating assembly. The material conveying assembly conveys the broken battery material along the conveying direction, the ultraviolet light source assembly is arranged in the decomposition chamber and is located above the material conveying assembly, the ozone generator can pass ozone into the decomposition chamber, and the heating assembly can heat the decomposition chamber, so that the battery material on the material conveying assembly is in an ozone, ultraviolet light irradiation and high temperature environment. This patent essentially uses high-temperature heating decomposition technology. Although it can also break the battery material, it uses an ultraviolet light source assembly, an ozone generator and a heating assembly. These devices have high energy consumption and extremely high requirements for equipment. Decomposing waste batteries is also a waste utilization. Once the cost of decomposing battery recycling is too high, it will not be worth the loss in actual production and is not conducive to practical application.

[0006] In view of the high energy consumption, high cost, high pollution and incomplete decomposition of the above-mentioned traditional decomposition methods, there is an urgent need to develop a more efficient, environmentally friendly and low-energy decomposition method for automotive batteries. This method should be able to minimize environmental pollution while ensuring decomposition efficiency and reduce overall processing costs to meet the growing demand for automotive battery recycling. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for decomposing batteries using high-pressure gas, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art such as high energy consumption, high cost, high pollution and incomplete decomposition.

[0008] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the specific technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A device for decomposing automobile batteries using high-pressure gas, comprising a gas generating unit, a decomposing unit and a storage bin;

[0010] The gas generating unit comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank and a gas compressor which are interconnected, the gas outlet of the gas compressor is connected to the gas inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the decomposition unit pipeline, and the gas generating unit is used to generate high-pressure gas;

[0011] The decomposition unit includes a pressurized processing chamber and a collecting chamber which are interconnected. The gas inlet of the pressurized processing chamber is connected to the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank through a pipeline. The pressurized processing chambers are evenly arranged around the collecting chamber. The pressurized processing chamber and the collecting chamber are located on the upper surface of the storage chamber.

[0012] Preferably, a pressure control unit is installed on the connecting pipeline between the pressurized treatment chamber and the high-pressure gas storage tank, a pressure sensor is installed inside the pressurized treatment chamber, and the other end of the pressure sensor is connected to the pressure control unit. The pressure control unit is used to accurately control the pressure inside the pressurized treatment chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the material outlet of the pressurized processing bin and the material inlet of the collecting bin are connected via a high-pressure valve.

[0014] Preferably, a muffler is installed between the material outlet of the pressurized processing bin and the material inlet of the collecting bin, and the muffler is used to eliminate the noise generated by the high-pressure valve.

[0015] Preferably, the decomposition unit further comprises a bag filter, and the air inlet of the bag filter is connected to the gas outlet of the collection bin via a pipeline.

[0016] Preferably, the collecting bin is configured as a cylinder and is made of a high-strength and high-pressure resistant material, and a pressure gauge is installed on the upper surface of the collecting bin.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure treatment chamber is configured as a cylinder and is made of high-strength and high-pressure resistant material. There are three pressure treatment chambers evenly arranged around the collection chamber, and the volume ratio of the pressure treatment chamber to the collection chamber is 1:10-15.

[0018] Preferably, the high-strength and high-pressure resistant material is carbon steel.

[0019] Preferably, the storage bin is configured as a cylinder, the central axis of the storage bin and the collecting bin are configured to coincide with each other, and the material outlet of the collecting bin is connected to the material inlet of the storage bin via a valve.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for decomposing a battery using high-pressure gas, which is implemented by a device for decomposing a car battery using high-pressure gas, and includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. placing the battery to be decomposed in a pressure treatment chamber, and then sealing the pressure treatment chamber;

[0022] S2, start the gas generating unit to generate high-pressure gas, pass the high-pressure gas into the pressurized processing chamber, and control the pressure of the pressurized processing chamber through the pressure control unit;

[0023] S3. Open the high-pressure valve between the pressurized treatment chamber and the collection chamber. Under the action of the high-pressure gas, the battery is decomposed by pressure relief and flows from the pressurized treatment chamber to the collection chamber. The high-pressure gas in the collection chamber is depressurized by the bag filter and the smoke particles are collected.

[0024] S4. When the pressure in the collection bin drops to normal pressure, the valve between the collection bin and the storage bin is opened, and the battery decomposition products fall from the collection bin to the storage bin, completing the decomposition process.

[0025] Preferably, in step S2, the pressure control unit controls the pressure of the pressurized treatment chamber to 50-60 MPa and maintains the pressure for 30-50 min.

[0026] Car batteries usually work under standard atmospheric pressure, which is also defined as the initial internal pressure of the battery, denoted as P. 0 When the car battery is placed in a completely enclosed space, and additional air of a certain pressure is injected into the space, denoted as P e , these air will gradually penetrate into the various components and materials inside the car battery. This process causes the pressure inside the battery to gradually rise until it reaches a new equilibrium state. At this time, the internal pressure is the sum of the initial pressure and the injection pressure, that is, (P 0 +P e ).

[0027] The outer shell of the car battery and its internal component materials have a certain tensile strength, which is indicated by δ. 0 +P e Rapidly decrease to the initial state P 0 When the battery is heated, a significant pressure difference is formed between the inside and outside of the battery. Since the battery material cannot withstand such rapid pressure changes, especially when the internal pressure is much higher than the external pressure and exceeds its tensile strength δ, the work done by the air inside will cause the materials of the battery components to undergo drastic deformation or even pulverization.

[0028] The method and device for decomposing batteries using high-pressure gas of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention controls the injection and pressure relief of high-pressure gas to pulverize the automobile battery, significantly improving the efficiency and thoroughness of battery decomposition. At the same time, the dust generated is collected by a bag filter, effectively reducing environmental pollution. Compared with traditional methods, the present invention not only reduces energy consumption and operating costs, but also enhances the environmental performance of the decomposition process, conforms to the development trend of the green circular economy, and demonstrates the dual advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and cost savings.

[0030] 2. The pressurized processing chamber and the collection chamber of the present invention are made of high-strength and high-pressure resistant materials to ensure safety during operation. At the same time, the noise during pressure relief is reduced by the muffler to further optimize the operating environment. In addition, the device is not only suitable for the decomposition of automotive batteries, but can also be expanded to other types of batteries, showing a wide range of applicability. More importantly, through efficient decomposition, the present invention provides strong support for the recycling of battery materials, promotes the recycling and sustainable development of resources, and achieves a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a device for decomposing a battery using high pressure gas according to the present invention;

[0032] Explanation of the markings in the figure: 1. Gas generating unit; 2. Pressure control unit; 3. Pressurized treatment bin; 4. Collection bin; 5. Pressure gauge; 6. Bag dust collector; 7. Storage bin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the preferred embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a device for decomposing batteries using high-pressure gas, such as Figure 1Shown is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0036] A device for decomposing automobile batteries using high-pressure gas comprises a gas generating unit 1, a decomposing unit and a storage bin 7 which are connected in sequence.

[0037] The gas generating unit 1 includes a high-pressure gas storage tank and a gas compressor which are interconnected. The gas outlet of the gas compressor is connected to the gas inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the decomposition unit pipeline. The gas generating unit 1 is used to generate high-pressure gas. When in use, the gas compressor compresses the gas into the high-pressure gas storage tank, and then the high-pressure gas storage tank sends the gas into the decomposition unit.

[0038] The decomposition unit includes a pressurized treatment chamber 3 and a collecting chamber 4 which are interconnected. The gas inlet of the pressurized treatment chamber 3 is connected to the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank through a pipeline. A pressure control unit 2 is installed on the connecting pipeline between the pressurized treatment chamber 3 and the high-pressure gas storage tank. A pressure sensor is installed inside the pressurized treatment chamber 3. The other end of the pressure sensor is connected to the pressure control unit 2. The pressure control unit 2 is used to accurately control the pressure inside the pressurized treatment chamber 3.

[0039] The material outlet of the pressurized processing bin 3 is connected to the material inlet of the collecting bin 4 through a high-pressure valve. A muffler is also installed between the material outlet of the pressurized processing bin 3 and the material inlet of the collecting bin 4. The muffler is used to eliminate the noise generated by the high-pressure valve. The decomposition unit also includes a bag dust collector 6. The air inlet of the bag dust collector 6 is connected to the gas outlet of the collecting bin 4 through a pipeline.

[0040] There are three pressurized treatment chambers 3 evenly arranged around the collecting chamber 4, and the volume ratio of the pressurized treatment chamber 3 to the collecting chamber 4 is 1:10. The collecting chamber 4 and the pressurized treatment chamber 3 are both configured as cylinders, and are made of high-strength and high-pressure resistant carbon steel materials. A pressure gauge 5 is also installed on the upper surface of the collecting chamber 4.

[0041] The pressurized processing bin 3 and the collecting bin 4 are located on the upper surface of the storage bin 7. The storage bin 7 is configured as a cylinder. The central axes of the storage bin 7 and the collecting bin 4 coincide with each other. The material outlet of the collecting bin 4 is connected to the material inlet of the storage bin 7 through a valve.

[0042] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: the automobile battery usually works under a standard atmospheric pressure environment, and this standard atmospheric pressure is also defined as the initial internal pressure of the battery, denoted as P 0 When the car battery is placed in a completely enclosed space, and additional air of a certain pressure is injected into the space, denoted as P e, these air will gradually penetrate into the various components and materials inside the car battery. This process causes the pressure inside the battery to gradually rise until it reaches a new equilibrium state. At this time, the internal pressure is the sum of the initial pressure and the injection pressure, that is, (P 0 +P e ).

[0043] The outer shell of the car battery and its internal component materials have a certain tensile strength, which is indicated by δ. 0 +P e Rapidly decrease to the initial state P 0 When the battery is heated, a significant pressure difference is formed between the inside and outside of the battery. Since the battery material cannot withstand such rapid pressure changes, especially when the internal pressure is much higher than the external pressure and exceeds its tensile strength δ, the work done by the air inside will cause the materials of the battery components to undergo drastic deformation or even pulverization.

[0044] The present invention controls the injection and pressure relief of high-pressure gas to pulverize the car battery, significantly improving the efficiency and thoroughness of battery decomposition. At the same time, the dust generated is collected by a bag filter, effectively reducing environmental pollution. Compared with traditional methods, the present invention not only reduces energy consumption and operating costs, but also enhances the environmental performance of the decomposition process, conforms to the development trend of the green circular economy, and demonstrates the dual advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and cost savings.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] This embodiment provides a method for decomposing a battery using high-pressure gas, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1, placing the battery to be decomposed in the pressure treatment chamber 3, and then sealing the pressure treatment chamber 3;

[0048] S2, start the gas generating unit 1 to generate high-pressure gas, pass the high-pressure gas into the pressure treatment chamber 3, control the pressure of the pressure treatment chamber 3 to 50 MPa through the pressure control unit 2, and maintain the pressure for 30 minutes;

[0049] S3, open the high-pressure valve between the pressurized processing chamber 3 and the collecting chamber 4, and the battery is decomposed by pressure relief under the action of the high-pressure gas, and flows from the pressurized processing chamber 3 to the collecting chamber 4; the high-pressure gas in the collecting chamber 4 is depressurized by the bag filter 6, and the smoke particles are collected;

[0050] S4, when the pressure in the collecting bin 4 drops to normal pressure, the valve between the collecting bin 4 and the storage bin 7 is opened, and the battery decomposition products fall from the collecting bin 4 to the storage bin 7, completing the decomposition process.

[0051] When this method is used, the pressure inside the pressurized processing chamber is controlled to be different according to the tensile strength of the batteries to be decomposed, so that the batteries can be pulverized and decomposed.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for decomposing automobile batteries using high-pressure gas, characterized in that: It includes a gas generating unit, a decomposition unit and a storage bin which are connected in sequence; The gas generating unit comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank and a gas compressor which are interconnected, the gas outlet of the gas compressor is connected to the gas inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the decomposition unit pipeline, and the gas generating unit is used to generate high-pressure gas; The decomposition unit includes a pressurized processing chamber and a collecting chamber which are interconnected. The gas inlet of the pressurized processing chamber is connected to the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank through a pipeline. The pressurized processing chambers are evenly arranged around the collecting chamber. The pressurized processing chamber and the collecting chamber are located on the upper surface of the storage chamber.

2. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high-pressure gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure control unit is installed on the connecting pipeline between the pressurized processing chamber and the high-pressure gas storage tank. A pressure sensor is installed inside the pressurized processing chamber. The other end of the pressure sensor is connected to the pressure control unit. The pressure control unit is used to control the pressure inside the pressurized processing chamber.

3. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high-pressure gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material outlet of the pressurized processing bin is connected to the material inlet of the collecting bin through a high-pressure valve.

4. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high pressure gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: A muffler is also installed between the material outlet of the pressurized processing bin and the material inlet of the collecting bin, and the muffler is used to eliminate the noise generated by the high-pressure valve.

5. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high-pressure gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposition unit also includes a dust reduction unit, which is a bag dust collector. The air inlet of the bag dust collector is connected to the gas outlet of the collection bin through a pipeline.

6. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high pressure gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting bin is set as a cylinder, made of high-strength and high-pressure resistant material, and a pressure gauge is installed on the upper surface of the collecting bin.

7. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high pressure gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure treatment chamber is set as a cylinder and is made of high-strength and high-pressure resistant materials. There are three pressure treatment chambers evenly arranged around the collection chamber, and the volume ratio of the pressure treatment chamber to the collection chamber is 1:10-15.

8. The device for decomposing automobile batteries using high pressure gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage bin is arranged as a cylinder, the central axis of the storage bin and the collecting bin are arranged to coincide with each other, and the material outlet of the collecting bin is connected with the material inlet of the storage bin through a valve.

9. A method for decomposing a battery using high-pressure gas, using the device for decomposing a car battery using high-pressure gas according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. placing the battery to be decomposed in a pressure treatment chamber, and then sealing the pressure treatment chamber; S2, start the gas generating unit to generate high-pressure gas, pass the high-pressure gas into the pressurized processing chamber, and control the pressure of the pressurized processing chamber through the pressure control unit; S3. Open the high-pressure valve between the pressurized treatment chamber and the collection chamber. Under the action of the high-pressure gas, the battery is decomposed by pressure relief and flows from the pressurized treatment chamber to the collection chamber. The high-pressure gas in the collection chamber is depressurized by the bag filter and the smoke particles are collected. S4. When the pressure in the collection bin drops to normal pressure, the valve between the collection bin and the storage bin is opened, and the battery decomposition products fall from the collection bin to the storage bin, completing the decomposition process.

10. A method for decomposing batteries using high pressure gas according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, the pressure control unit controls the pressure of the pressurized treatment chamber to 50-60 MPa and maintains the pressure for 30-50 min.

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