A method for producing a high egg-yield duck self-alternate male and female mating line

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for breeding high-yielding egg-laying ducks using a self-sexing mating system. The accuracy of this method is close to 100%, significantly higher than manual vent examination for sexing; it is fast, increasing production efficiency by 5-10 times; it requires less labor, avoiding hand and eye fatigue; it has low technical requirements and does not cause disease transmission. The breeding method proposed in this invention fully utilizes the hybrid vigor of low-heritability traits, resulting in high egg production performance, with nearly 300 eggs laid at 66 weeks of age; the eggshells are bluish-green, meeting Chinese consumer preferences; adult female ducks have light brownish-yellow plumage, facilitating slaughter and processing, and increasing the value of culled ducks; this model is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for breeding high-yielding egg-laying ducks with self-separated sexing lines, belonging to the field of duck breeding. Background Technology

[0002] In egg production, early sex determination is crucial. Identifying non-laying males early not only saves breeding space but also effectively reduces unnecessary feed waste and lowers breeding costs. In egg production, feather color and color-linked genetic traits are commonly used for sexing. However, in duck egg production, manual cloacal sexing is still the primary method. Manual cloacal sexing is a labor-intensive technique with extremely high technical requirements. A skilled sexer can identify 800 to 1200 newly hatched chicks per hour with an accuracy rate of around 95%. This process is extremely labor-intensive and requires precise cloacal manipulation. Insufficient manipulation can damage the chicks' cloaca, leading to unnecessary losses. Furthermore, cloacal sexing is prone to cross-contamination of feces, which reduces brooding quality and survival rate. In contrast, techniques for sexing ducks based on feather color and feather speed require less skill from the personnel involved. With minimal guidance, sex determination can be completed efficiently and effectively, with high accuracy, speed, and low labor intensity. However, to date, no suitable feather color or feather speed trait has been found for sexing laying ducks. Therefore, exploring sex-linked genetic traits such as feather color or feather speed in ducklings and establishing a feather color-based method for sexing laying ducks is of great significance in replacing the labor-intensive and technically demanding manual vent examination technique for sexing, and in meeting the needs of modern laying duck production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a breeding method for a high-yield egg-laying duck sex-differentiation mating system, which effectively breaks through the technical bottleneck of existing methods for sex identification of egg-laying ducks by manual cloaca turning, which is labor-intensive, technically demanding, and prone to disease transmission.

[0004] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a breeding method for distinguishing male and female ducks by feather color, including the following steps: using a brownish-yellow breed as the male parent; using a black olive-colored duck breed as the female parent to carry out hybridization, and distinguishing male and female F1 generation ducks by feather color, with male F1 generation ducklings showing light olive color and female F1 generation ducklings showing grayish-yellow color.

[0005] The paternal parent includes the brown duck.

[0006] The parent species includes the Jin Ding duck.

[0007] This invention also provides a method for increasing duck egg production, comprising the following steps: using a brown-yellow breed as the male parent; using a black olive-colored duck breed as the female parent to carry out crossbreeding, and distinguishing the sex of the F1 generation by feather color, with the F1 male ducklings exhibiting light olive color and the F1 female ducklings exhibiting grayish-yellow color; the offspring of male and female ducklings can obtain high egg production.

[0008] This invention selects duck breeds with different plumage colors (duckling plumage colors mainly include black olive, brownish-yellow, grayish-yellow, etc.) and conducts complete diallel crosses. It was found that the results of reciprocal crosses between black olive ducklings and brownish-yellow ducklings were inconsistent. The sex-linked genetic trait of duckling plumage color was discovered, and a breeding method for a high-yielding egg-laying duck self-separated male-female mating system was proposed.

[0009] This invention employs a combination of family and individual methods to conduct group-based successive breeding of traits such as egg production at 66 weeks of age in ducklings exhibiting black olive coloration and brownish-yellow coloration, thereby increasing their egg production.

[0010] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) Compared with manual anal inversion for sex identification, the accuracy of the present invention is close to 100%, which is significantly higher than that of manual anal inversion for sex identification.

[0011] (2) Compared with manual anal examination to identify sex, the present invention is faster and can increase production efficiency by 5-10 times; it is less labor-intensive and avoids fatigue of hands and eyes; it has low technical requirements and will not cause disease transmission.

[0012] (3) The breeding method proposed in this invention makes full use of the hybrid vigor of low heritability traits, resulting in high egg production performance, with nearly 300 eggs produced at 66 weeks of age; the eggshell is blue, which meets the consumption preferences of Chinese people; the adult female ducks have light brownish-yellow feathers, which is conducive to slaughter and processing and increases the value of culled ducks; this model is suitable for large-scale promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a breeding method for high-yielding egg-laying ducks with sex-separated mating lines; Figure 2 The results of reciprocal crosses between black olive-colored ducklings and brownish-yellow ducklings. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] This embodiment provides a method for breeding high-yielding egg-laying ducks with self-identified sexing lines. The specific process is as follows: (1) Discovery of sex-linked genetic traits in ducks: The plumage color of ducklings in Chinese duck breeds was classified and organized. Duck breeds with different plumage colors (the main plumage colors of ducklings include black olive, brownish yellow, grayish yellow, etc.) were selected (Table 1).

[0016] Table 1

[0017] (1) Crossing ducklings with yellow down feathers with ducklings with non-yellow down feathers yielded the same results in both reciprocal crosses, and the F1 generation exhibited various types of feathers, including black and gray. Crossing ducklings with grayish-yellow down feathers with brownish-yellow down feathers also yielded the same results in both reciprocal crosses, with the F1 generation showing grayish-yellow feathers. None of these crosses successfully distinguished the sex of the ducklings by their feather color.

[0018] (2) Ducklings were selected for hybridization with black olive-colored ducks and brown-yellow ducks. The results of the reciprocal crosses were inconsistent. The reciprocal crosses all showed a light olive color, while the reciprocal crosses showed a grayish-yellow color. Based on the above genetic segregation phenomenon, it is believed that this phenomenon is controlled by two pairs of alleles. The black olive-colored gene (E) is incompletely dominant, and the feather color dilution gene (d) is sex-linked recessive. This combination can achieve sexing of ducklings by feather color. Figure 2 ).

[0019] (2) Selecting superior egg-laying duck breeds with sex-linked feather color inheritance: Among the numerous duck genetic resources in my country, ducklings carrying the black olive color gene (EEZ) were selected. D Z D EEZ D The Jinding duck population and brown-yellow gene (eeZ) d Z d eeZ d The brown duck population of W).

[0020] (3) Select and improve excellent egg-laying duck breeds with color-linked inheritance: Use a combination of family and individual methods to carry out group successive breeding of traits such as egg production at 66 weeks of age for Jinding ducks and brown ducks to improve their egg production, with about 2 genetic advancements per generation.

[0021] (4) Hybridized production: The method of simultaneous breeding and hybridization is adopted, with brown duck as the male parent (eeZ). d Z d ), with the Golden Duck as the parent (EEZ) D W) Crossbreeding can be carried out, and the sex of F1 ducklings can be distinguished by their plumage color. Male ducklings are light olive-colored, while female ducklings are grayish-yellow. Figure 1 ).

[0022] (5) Sex verification and performance determination of offspring: The accuracy of sex determination of the offspring by feather color after sexual maturity was 100%. PCR technology was used for identification (primer F: TGCAGAAGCAATATTACAAGT; R: AATTTCATTATCATCTGGTGG; PCR reaction system: 1 μg genomic DNA as template, 0.5 μl primer F (10 μm), 0.5 μl primer R (10 μm), 10 μl 2×Taq PCR MasterMix II, ddH2O added to 20 μl; PCR program: 94℃ pre-denaturation for 3 min, then entering the cyclic amplification stage: 94 ℃ 30 s → 51 ℃ 30 s → 72 ℃ 30 s, 35 cycles, finally amplified at 72 ℃ for 5 min, stored at 4℃). The accuracy of sex determination of the offspring by feather color was 98.3%. The offspring of this combination lay nearly 300 eggs at 66 weeks of age. The eggs have bluish-green shells, and the adult female ducks have light brownish-yellow plumage, which is conducive to slaughter and processing and increases the value of culled ducks.

Claims

1. A method for breeding ducks whose sex can be determined by their plumage color, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The male parent was a brown-yellow duck, and the female parent was a black olive-colored duck. The sex of the F1 generation was determined by the color of the feathers. The male F1 ducklings were light olive-colored, and the female F1 ducklings were grayish-yellow. The male parent was a brown duck, and the female parent was a Jinding duck.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brownish-yellow variety has brownish-yellow plumage; the brownish-yellow plumage is a sex-linked recessive trait.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The black olive duck breed has black olive feathers; the black olive feather color is a sex-linked dominant trait.

4. A method for increasing duck egg production, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Using brown ducks as the male parent and Jinding ducks as the female parent, crossbreeding was carried out. The sex of the F1 generation was distinguished by feather color. The male F1 ducklings were light olive-colored, and the female F1 ducklings were grayish-yellow. The offspring of male and female ducklings could produce high egg production.

Images